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Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ ±âÃâ ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Çؼ®, Çؼ³, ¾îÈÖ& ¾î±¸°¡ Á¦½ÃµÇ¾î ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¹®Ç׺° Çؼ³ °­ÀÇ °Ë»ö ¾È³» ¨ç ¹®Ç׸¶´Ù °íÀ¯Äڵ带 °¡Áö°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. 3-002-001 ¨è ¹®Ç×Äڵ带 PC ¶Ç´Â ½º¸¶Æ®Æù °Ë»öâ¿¡ ÀÔ·ÂÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¨è ÇØ´ç ¹®Ç×ÀÇ Çؼ³ °­ÀÇ°¡ ¹Ù·Î Àç»ýµË´Ï´Ù. * EBSi(http://www.ebsi.co.kr)·Î µé¾î¿À¼Å¼­ ȸ¿øÀ¸·Î µî·ÏÇϼ¼¿ä. * º» ¹æ¼Û ±³ÀçÀÇ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ ³»¿ëÀº EBSiÀÇ ÀÎÅÍ³Ý ¹æ¼ÛÀ» ÅëÇØ ´Ù½Ã º¸½Ç ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.(VOD ¹«·á ¼­ºñ½º ½Ç½Ã) * ±³Àç ³»¿ë¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹®ÀÇ´Â EBSi ±³Àç °­ÁÂÀÇ Q & A °Ô½ÃÆÇÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇØ Áֽñ⠹ٶø´Ï´Ù. 4ÂÊ ^[01°­ ÁöĪÃß·Ð À¯Çü ¼Ò°³ * ÁöĪ Ãß·Ð ¹®Ç×°ú Áö½Ã ´ë¸í»ç ÆÄ¾Ç ¹®Ç×À¸·Î ÃâÁ¦µÈ´Ù. ÁöĪ Ãß·Ð ¹®Ç×Àº ¹ØÁ٠ģ ºÎºÐÀÌ ¶æÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ¸·Î ¹Ì·ç¾î ÆľÇÇÏ´Â À¯ÇüÀÌ´Ù. Áö½Ã ´ë¸í»ç ÆÄ¾Ç ¹®Ç×Àº ¹ØÁ٠ģ Áö½Ã ´ë¸í»ç°¡ ¹®¸Æ ¼Ó¿¡¼­ °¡¸®Å°´Â ´ë»óÀÌ ³ª¸ÓÁö ³Ý°ú ´Ù¸¥ °ÍÀ» °í¸£´Â À¯ÇüÀ¸·Î, Áö½Ã ´ë¸í»ç´Â ÁÖ°Ý, ¸ñÀû°Ý, ¼ÒÀ¯°Ý µî ´Ù¾çÇÑ ÇüÅ·Π³ª¿Ã ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. * µ¶ÇØ ¿µ¿ªÀÇ ¾ÕºÎºÐ¿¡ ÁÖ·Î ÃâÁ¦µÇ¸ç ºñ±³Àû ½¬¿î À¯ÇüÀÌ´Ù. ²Ä²ÄÈ÷ Çؼ®ÇÏ¸ç ¹®¸Æ»ó ´©±¸¸¦(¹«¾ùÀ») °¡¸®Å°´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇϸç Ç®¸é µæÁ¡ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. ÇØ°á ¹æ¹ý * ÁöĪ Ãß·Ð ¹®Ç×Àº ±Û °¡¿îµ¥ ÁöĪÇÏ´Â ´ë»óÀ» ¼³¸íÇϰųª ¹¦»çÇϴ ǥÇöµéÀ» ´Ü¼­·Î ÇÏ¿© ÇÑ °¡Áö ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ¾ÐÃà½ÃÄÑ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¼±ÅÃÁö¸¦ ¸ÕÀú ÀÐ°í ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ¼±ÅÃÁö¸¦ Á¦°ÅÇÏ´Â ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ÇØ°áÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ½±´Ù. * Áö½Ã ´ë¸í»ç ÆÄ¾Ç ¹®Ç×Àº ±Û¿¡¼­ ¹Ýº¹µÇ´Â Àι°À̳ª »ç¹°À» ÆľÇÇÏ´Â À¯ÇüÀ¸·Î, ±ÛÀ» ÀÐÀ¸¸é¼­ ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀ¸·Î °¢ ´ë¸í»ç°¡ °¡¸®Å°´Â ´ë»óÀÌ ´©±¸(¹«¾ù)ÀÎÁö ¸Þ¸ðÇϸ鼭 Àо¸é ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÇØ°áÇϱⰡ ½±´Ù. 5ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 4ÂÊ 1. 3-002-001 (2014Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É BÇü 26¹ø) ¹ØÁ٠ģ ºÎºÐÀÌ °¡¸®Å°´Â ´ë»óÀÌ ³ª¸ÓÁö ³Ý°ú ´Ù¸¥ °ÍÀº? A friend of mine was sitting in the Miami airport reading a magazine while she waited to catch a plane to New York. Her attention was distracted by a rough, noisy quarrel taking place at the ticket counter. ¡°But I must get to New York today!¡± ¨ç _an angry lady_ hotly told the clerk. ¡°I¡¯m sorry, ma¡¯am, but there are no more seats available,¡± came the reply. ¡°But my eight-year-old daughter is on that plane. ¨è _I_ can't let her fly into New York City all by herself,¡± she cried. ¡°Sorry, lady. The flight is full,¡± came the same answer. My friend had been watching and listening to the woman's woeful story, and her heart was touched with compassion for ¨é _the distressed mother_. She walked over to the ticket agent and offered to take a later flight, if it meant the woman could use ¨ê _her_ ticket to travel to New York with her daughter. The agent welcomed my friend's solution and quickly issued a revalidated ticket to ¨ë _the woman_, and then arranged for another flight for my friend. 2. 3-002-002 (2014Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò BÇü 26¹ø) ¹ØÁ٠ģ her/She°¡ °¡¸®Å°´Â ´ë»óÀÌ ³ª¸ÓÁö ³Ý°ú ´Ù¸¥ °ÍÀº? I was reminded of our mission earlier this year when my mother sold her house. Because of my father's failing health, my parents recently moved from Florida to Maryland to live with my elder sister and ¨ç _her_ family. At my mom's request, my brothers, sisters, and I sorted through all ¨è _her_ belongings. ¨é _She_ told us to keep or discard whatever we pleased. For myself I kept a solitary piece of china, one of the few remaining plates from the set my grandfather bought my mother for ¨ê _her_ wedding. I can still remember the set in better days--serving many a guest on a Sunday afternoon. But its comrades have all been broken or have disappeared, and this plate is all I have. It is delicate and faded--you can no longer read the pattern name printed on the back. But it hangs in my dining room as a pleasant reminder of ¨ë _her_ hospitality. 3. 3-002-003 (2014Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò BÇü 26¹ø) ¹ØÁ٠ģ she/her°¡ °¡¸®Å°´Â ´ë»óÀÌ ³ª¸ÓÁö ³Ý°ú ´Ù¸¥ °ÍÀº? Zaynab Fawwaz was born into a poor family in South Lebanon. As a young girl ¨ç _she_ went to Alexandria with the Egyptian family for whom she worked. Her mistress was intrigued by her maid's native intelligence and introduced Zaynab to ¨è _her_ literate friend, Fatima. She, in turn, taught her reading, writing and arithmetic. Zaynab quickly learned what ¨é _her_ teacher had to offer and in time went on to study with Egyptian scholars. Eventually, ¨ê _she_ became very active in women's issues and she wrote some pioneering poetry and essays focused on women's rights. The most famous of ¨ë _her_ essays was The Zaynab Letters. 6ÂÊ 4. 3-002-004 (2014Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É ¿¹ºñ½ÃÇà BÇü 26¹ø) ¹ØÁ٠ģ she/her°¡ °¡¸®Å°´Â ´ë»óÀÌ ³ª¸ÓÁö ³Ý°ú ´Ù¸¥ °ÍÀº? Sarah kept walking until a combination of curiosity and hunger drove ¨ç _her_ into an old convenience store. Pushing open its glass door, ¨è _she_ was sucked once again into that other, earlier time. The storekeeper, the only other occupant of the place, was a wrinkled old woman in a faded lavender-print dress. She didn't bother greeting Sarah but continued to sit motionless, conserving ¨é _her_ energy as she watched a collection of counter goods that might have sprung straight out of Sarah's childhood. A price list stuck up crooked beside the candy told her ¨ê _she_ could buy half a loaf of oversweetened white bread, if she wanted, or a scoop of frozen peas. There was nothing here that Sarah felt like eating. She nodded at the woman, who once again failed to acknowledge ¨ë _her_, and left the shop. 5. 3-002-005 (2013Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 19¹ø) ¹ØÁ٠ģ she/her°¡ °¡¸®Å°´Â ´ë»óÀÌ ³ª¸ÓÁö ³Ý°ú ´Ù¸¥ °ÍÀº? Ellen Langer learned from her mother how to prepare a roast. As a little girl, ¨ç _she_ would watch as her mother cut off a small bit from one end of the meat before placing it in the roasting pan. As an adult, ¨è _she_ followed the same routine. However, a question occurred to ¨é _her_ one day. Why did she have to cut off the end of the roast? She asked her mother, who just said she¡¯d learned to do it from her own mother. Then Langer asked her grandmother. She explained that when she was a young mother, the only roasting pan ¨ê _she_¡¯d had was too short for a standard roast, so she had to cut off the end to fit it into the pan. She¡¯d long since gotten roasting pans in larger sizes and hadn't cut an end off since. Yet for years both Langer and ¨ë _her_ mother had mindlessly followed this routine. 6. 3-002-006 (2013Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 19¹ø) ¹ØÁ٠ģ ºÎºÐÀÌ °¡¸®Å°´Â ´ë»óÀÌ ³ª¸ÓÁö ³Ý°ú ´Ù¸¥ °ÍÀº? A king once boarded a galley ship. As he passed the crew of slaves, ¨ç _he_ asked several of them what their offenses were. Almost every man claimed he was innocent. They laid the blame on someone else. One young fellow, however, spoke out, ¡°Sire, ¨è _I_ deserve to be here. I stole some money. No one is at fault but myself. I¡¯m guilty.¡± Upon hearing this, the king seized ¨é _him_ by the shoulder and shouted, ¡°You scoundrel! What are ¨ê _you_ doing here with all these honest men? Get out of their company at once!¡± He was then set free. The key to this prisoner's freedom was the admission of ¨ë _his_ guilt. * galley ship: °¶¸®¼±(¿¾³¯ ³ë¿¹³ª Á˼öµé¿¡°Ô Á£°Ô ÇÑ µÀ¹è) 7ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 5ÂÊ 7. 3-002-007 (2013Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 19¹ø) ¹ØÁ٠ģ ºÎºÐÀÌ °¡¸®Å°´Â ´ë»óÀÌ ³ª¸ÓÁö ³Ý°ú ´Ù¸¥ °ÍÀº? Henri Matisse came late to painting, having trained to be a lawyer to please his father. While he was in the hospital recovering from surgery, his mother brought ¨ç _him_ a box of paints and a how-to book, and the world lost an attorney and gained an artist. ¡°It was as if ¨è _I_ had been called,¡± he remembered. ¡°Henceforth I did not lead my life. It led me.¡± Matisse left for Paris to study art, with his father shouting, ¡°Do you want ¨é _me_ to see you starve?¡± He gained fame as leader of the Fauves' 1905 show. In 1917 Matisse began to spend winters in Vence, where he donated a chapel of ¨ê _his_ own design that is one of the most moving religious buildings in Europe. After local nuns nursed ¨ë _him_ through a serious illness in the 1940s, the grateful Matisse devoted himself to every detail of the chapel. * Fauve: ¾ß¼öÆÄ È­°¡ 8. 3-002-008 (2012Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 19¹ø) ¹ØÁ٠ģ ºÎºÐÀÌ °¡¸®Å°´Â ´ë»óÀÌ ³ª¸ÓÁö ³Ý°ú ´Ù¸¥ °ÍÀº? One day in February 2009, Stephanie called Betty, ¨ç _her best friend_, who was the only employee of her business Best Wedding. Once again, they discussed the company's expenses and dwindling revenue. But this time, Stephanie knew what she had to do. She gathered up her courage and told ¨è _her friend and colleague_: ¡°I have to make this work. I have to let ¨é _you_ go.¡± Betty was hurt but wasn't particularly surprised. In a businesslike fashion, the two women began figuring out how to disengage. Betty said she wanted to start her own event-planning business, and Stephanie agreed to let ¨ê _her_ keep her existing clients, some photography, and documents and forms they had developed together. ¨ë _She_ also gave Betty two months' salary as severance pay. * severance: ÇØÁ÷ 9. 3-002-009 (2012Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 19¹ø) ¹ØÁ٠ģ She/her°¡ °¡¸®Å°´Â ´ë»óÀÌ ³ª¸ÓÁö ³Ý°ú ´Ù¸¥ °ÍÀº? Switching on the light in the nursery, Evelyn found her baby daughter, Julie, tossing feverishly and giving out odd little cries. ¨ç _She_ put her hand against Julie's cheeks. They were burning. With an exclamation, she followed ¨è _her_ baby's arm down under the cover until she found her little hand. The whole thumb was swollen to the wrist and in the center was a little inflamed sore. ¨é _She_ rushed to the phone. Doctor Foulke, the family physician, sounded upset at being called out of bed at midnight. She ran back to the nursery to check on her daughter. Taking a closer look, she found ¨ê _her_ thumb to be somewhat more swollen. ¨ë _She_ knelt beside the bed and began smoothing back Julie's hair over and over. 8ÂÊ 10. 3-002-010 (2012Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 19¹ø) ¹ØÁ٠ģ ºÎºÐÀÌ °¡¸®Å°´Â ´ë»óÀÌ ³ª¸ÓÁö ³Ý°ú ´Ù¸¥ °ÍÀº? Lantin decided on a necklace which had been one of his wife's favorites. ¨ç _It_ must be worth at least seven or eight francs he thought, because for an imitation piece the workmanship was very good. He put it in his pocket and went looking for a reliable-looking jeweler. At length he saw ¨è _one_ and went in, a little ashamed of selling something so worthless. ¡°Monsieur,¡± he said to the dealer, ¡°I¡¯d like you to value ¨é _this piece_ for me if you¡¯d be so kind.¡± The man took ¨ê _the article_, examined it, turned it over, weighed it, and took up a magnifying glass to look at it more closely. Lantin was a little embarrassed by all this ceremony and was about to say, ¡°Look, I¡¯m pretty sure it's got no value at all,¡± when the jeweler announced: ¡°Monsieur, I¡¯d put it at between 12,000 and 15,000 francs. However, I could not purchase ¨ë _this_ from you without knowing its exact provenance.¡± 11. 3-002-011 (2011Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 19¹ø) ¹ØÁ٠ģ she/her°¡ °¡¸®Å°´Â ´ë»óÀÌ ³ª¸ÓÁö ³Ý°ú ´Ù¸¥ °ÍÀº? Kate and Joan, who had not seen each other for three months, were chatting happily in Joan's apartment. After a short conversation, Joan went to prepare coffee. Soon ¨ç _she_ came back with the cups and saucers and put them down on a small side table. While Joan was looking for a tablecloth, Kate was wandering around the room looking at the pictures on the walls. Intent on one of the pictures, ¨è _she_ took a step back and hit the small table, tipping it over. All the cups and saucers were broken. Kate felt guilty for ¨é _her_ negligence. As she helped Joan clean up, ¨ê _she_ tried to think of a way to compensate her for the damage. Later, Joan mentioned that she was looking for volunteers to work in a fair she was organizing. Although Kate had something important to do on that particular Sunday, she decided to cancel ¨ë _her_ plans and volunteer to help Joan. 12. 3-002-012 (2011Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 19¹ø) ¹ØÁ٠ģ she/her°¡ °¡¸®Å°´Â ´ë»óÀÌ ³ª¸ÓÁö ³Ý°ú ´Ù¸¥ °ÍÀº? There was a girl who grew flowers in New Jersey and sometimes took flowers to customers on Staten Island. To get there, ¨ç _she_ had to go over a bridge paying a toll of $2.50. One day, as she was approaching the toll booth, she saw a toll booth attendant who reminded ¨è _her_ of her mother. As she reached in ¨é _her_ pocket, she found she had no money but a half dollar. Not knowing what to do, ¨ê _she_ handed the coin to her and asked nervously, ¡°Want to buy a fresh red rose?¡± The attendant looked surprised at first, but glancing at the cars piling up behind her, she took two dollars from her purse and rang it up on the cash register. ¡°Yes, I'll take it,¡± ¨ë _she_ said with a smile. ¡°And I suppose the price is two dollars even, right?¡± 9ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 7ÂÊ 13. 3-002-013 (2011Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 19¹ø) ¹ØÁ٠ģ he/him°¡ °¡¸®Å°´Â ´ë»óÀÌ ³ª¸ÓÁö ³Ý°ú ´Ù¸¥ °ÍÀº? John was as famous for his tennis skills as he was for his fits of temper on the court. One afternoon, I was playing an important singles match against John. When things didn't go his way, ¨ç _he_ began to go downhill, complaining about the game, screaming at himself, and slamming his racket. It looked like ¨è _he_ was having a public nervous breakdown. In the end, the guy who didn't ¡°deserve to be on the same court¡± with ¨é _him_ won in three tough sets. After the match, John announced his retirement from tennis at the age of twenty seven. He explained, ¡°When I start losing to players like ¨ê _him_, I¡¯ve got to reconsider what I¡¯m doing even playing this game.¡± If he thought I¡¯d be insulted, ¨ë _he_ was wrong. In fact, I loved it. 14. 3-002-014 (2010Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 18¹ø) ¹ØÁ٠ģ This/this°¡ °¡¸®Å°´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? _This_, in the simplest definition, is a promise enforceable by law. The promise may be to do something or to stop from doing something. The making of _this_ requires the mutual agreement of two or more persons or parties, one of them ordinarily making an offer and another accepting. If one of the parties fails to keep the promise, the other has rights to compensation. The law about _this_ considers such questions as whether this exists, what the meaning of this is, whether _this_ has been broken, and what compensation is due to the injured party. ¨ç °è¾à ¨è °í¼Ò ¨é ÀÇȸ ¨ê ½Å¿ë ¨ë ¼±°Å 15. 3-002-015 (2010Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 19¹ø) ¹ØÁ٠ģ He/he°¡ °¡¸®Å°´Â ´ë»óÀÌ ³ª¸ÓÁö ³Ý°ú ´Ù¸¥ °ÍÀº? It was a beautiful Friday afternoon and the weekend was about to begin, but Rob had a lot on his mind. ¨ç _He_ had been putting off doing his chemistry report which was due on Monday. After borrowing some books from the library, he went home. Later that evening, ¨è _he was doing the assignment when his father came in. ¡°What are you doing, kid?¡± he asked. ¡°Biography of Marie Curie,¡± Rob said absently as ¨é _he_ was typing on his computer. ¡°Really? I did that for a chemistry assignment when I was in school,¡± his father said. ¡°Why don't you find some information from the encyclopedia over there?¡± ¨ê _he_ added. Rob grabbed the encyclopedia. He smiled thinking that even though he was practically born playing computer games, ¨ë _he_ was still doing the same assignments his father did over 20 10ÂÊ 16. 3-002-016 (2010Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 18¹ø) ¹ØÁ٠ģ This/this°¡ °¡¸®Å°´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? _This_ is used in product manufacturing. _This_ is designed by determining the sequences of operations for the manufacturing of each product component as well as the final product. Work assignments, the number of machines, and production rates are coordinated so that all operations performed along _this_ work successfully together. All movement of product parts on this is simplified, with no crossing over, backtracking, or repetition. _This_ is increasingly being handled by computers, which monitor information and adjust the flow of parts accordingly. _This_ usually consists of conveyor belts on which workers perform specific functions. Nowadays, automatic machinery and industrial robots are taking the place of human workers on this. ¨ç Á¶¸³ ¶óÀÎ ¨è °¡³» ¼ö°ø¾÷ ¨é º¸¾È ½Ã½ºÅÛ ¨ê ±³Åë ¾È³» ü°è ¨ë È­Àç °æº¸ ÀåÄ¡ 17. 3-002-017 (2010Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 19¹ø) ¹ØÁ٠ģ he/He°¡ °¡¸®Å°´Â ´ë»óÀÌ ³ª¸ÓÁö ³Ý°ú ´Ù¸¥ °ÍÀº? For a year Danny had trained hard to master the famous Pikes Peak Marathon. But when running the actual marathon, he was feeling weary and tired. In a narrow path through the woods, ¨ç _he_ got stuck behind a slow, weak runner wearing a T-shirt with ¡®Bob's #4¡¯ written on the back. ¨è _He_ felt even more tired because he had to lag behind the fellow. As he was finally overtaking the runner, out of curiosity, ¨é _he_ asked him, ¡°What's Bob's #4?¡± ¡°My friend Bob had a dream to run this marathon four times,¡± he answered. ¡°¨ê _He_ ran it three times, but then last year he died. So I decided to complete his dream for him. This is Bob's #4.¡± Suddenly, all the exhaustion ¨ë _he_ had been feeling during the race disappeared. 18. 3-002-018 (2010Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 18¹ø) ¹ØÁ٠ģ This/this°¡ °¡¸®Å°´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? _This_ started as early as 8000 B.C. During the New Stone Age as people began to settle into fixed agricultural communities, _this_ intensified. Originally raised mainly for their meat, sheep and goats became valuable also for their milk and wool. Cattle were domesticated both for meat and skin and as work animals for agriculture. Their milk production was not a factor until much later in history when breeding for high milk production produced suitable cows. Horses were also domesticated and became important for transportation and came to play a major part in warfare. ¨ç Ãà»ê ¨è Á¶°æ ¨é ¼ö¼Û ¨ê ÀÓ¾÷ ¨ë ¼ö·Æ 11ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 9ÂÊ 19. 3-002-019 (2010Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 19¹ø) ¹ØÁ٠ģ She/she°¡ °¡¸®Å°´Â ´ë»óÀÌ ³ª¸ÓÁö ³Ý°ú ´Ù¸¥ °ÍÀº? A woman stopped at a flower shop to order some flowers to be wired to her mother who lived 100 miles away. As ¨ç _she_ got out of her car, she noticed a girl sitting on the street sobbing. The woman asked the girl what was wrong and she replied, ¡°I wanted to buy a red rose for my mother, but I only have 75 cents and a rose costs two dollars.¡± ¨è _She_ smiled and said, ¡°Come on in with me. I'll buy you a rose for your mother.¡± ¨é _She_ placed her order of flowers to her mother and bought a rose for the girl. As they were leaving, she offered the girl a ride. ¨ê _She_ responded, ¡°Yes, please, if you could. Take me to my mother.¡± The little girl directed her to a grave and placed the rose on it. This changed the woman's plan! ¨ë _She_ returned to the flower shop, canceled the wire order, picked up a bouquet of fresh roses, and drove 100 miles to meet her mother. 20. 3-002-020 (2009Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 18¹ø) ¹ØÁ٠ģ This/this°¡ °¡¸®Å°´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? _This_ is different from all other markets in that people do not buy things here such as clothes, shoes, or cars. Thanks to _this_, people can easily exchange one country's money with that of another. People desire to make such exchanges for many reasons. Some are concerned with the import or export of goods or services between one country and another. Others wish to move capital from one area to another. Still others may want to travel to a foreign country. _This_ is incredibly important to the global economy. _This_ gets influenced by a real world event, and has an impact on the economy of a nation, causing the value of its money to rise and fall. ¨ç ¿Üȯ½ÃÀå ¨è ÁֽĽÃÀå ¨é º­·è½ÃÀå ¨ê Àç·¡½ÃÀå ¨ë °æ¸Å½ÃÀå 21. 3-002-021 (2009Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 19¹ø) ¹ØÁ٠ģ He/he°¡ °¡¸®Å°´Â ´ë»óÀÌ ³ª¸ÓÁö ³Ý°ú ´Ù¸¥ °ÍÀº? Flying over rural Kansas in an airplane one fall evening was a delightful experience for passenger Walt Morris. ¨ç _He_ watched the twinkling farmhouse lights below. Suddenly, the peace of the evening was broken when the plane's landing lights started flashing on and off. ¡®What's happening?¡¯¨è _he_ wondered as he gripped the armrests. As the pilot was about to make an announcement, ¨é _he_ thought, ¡®This is it. He's going to tell us we¡¯ve got a major problem.¡¯ Instead, ¨ê _he_ told the passengers, ¡°In case you're worried about the flashing lights outside the plane, I¡¯m sending a signal to my kids.¡± ¨ë _He_ was relieved to hear the continued announcement: ¡°They're at home over on that hill to the left, and they just sent me a Morse code message saying, ¡®Good night, Dad.¡¯¡± 12ÂÊ 22. 3-002-022 (2009Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 18¹ø) ¹ØÁ٠ģ This/this°¡ °¡¸®Å°´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? _This_ is a piece of electronic equipment that uses invisible waves instead of wires. In order to operate it, you need either electricity or a battery. It usually has an antenna that helps with the reception of the signal. _This_ also has a volume controller and a tuner that you adjust to receive programs from different stations. In most cases, _this_ functions well without being limited to specific times and spaces. _This_ was once widely used to get news and information and listen to music. Nowadays, many devices are taking its place, but some people still use it. ¨ç microphone ¨è fax machine ¨é digital camera ¨ê laser printer ¨ë radio 23. 3-002-023 (2009Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 19¹ø) ¹ØÁ٠ģ He/he°¡ °¡¸®Å°´Â ´ë»óÀÌ ³ª¸ÓÁö ³Ý°ú ´Ù¸¥ °ÍÀº? Kameron once worked hard for several weeks building a wall made of railroad ties in his backyard. When ¨ç _he_ was almost finished, his neighbor, Mr. Brown, regretfully asked him if he could please take out the railroad ties and use rocks instead. ¨è _He_ simply explained that his wife did not want to look at a railroad tie wall for the rest of her life. Kameron could not believe the nerve of this neighbor to ask such a thing when ¨é _he_ had almost finished the wall. Although he did not fully understand his reasoning, ¨ê _he_ knew the Browns would be his neighbors for a long time. Although it cost him another week of extra work, ¨ë _he_ did what the neighbors requested and replaced the ties with rocks. 24. 3-002-024 (2009Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 18¹ø) ¹ØÁ٠ģ This°¡ °¡¸®Å°´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? _This_ is an old word that translates as ¡°scholar¡± or ¡°intellectual¡± in the sense of someone who exhibits all of the most admirable virtues attributed to Confucianism, especially during the Joseon Dynasty. He was presented as the ideal human being who was selfless and disciplined. So, he was held up as a model of morality for all people in the Confucian society. He was also dedicated to the prosperity of the nation in politics and philosophy. In modern Korean society, scholars are still expected to keep the spirit that such a man had. However, in reality, it is very hard to live up to such ideals. ¨ç ¼±ºñ ¨è ³óºÎ ¨é ÀåÀÎ ¨ê »óÀÎ ¨ë ³ëºñ 25. 3-002-025 (2009Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 19¹ø) ¹ØÁ٠ģ He/he°¡ °¡¸®Å°´Â ´ë»óÀÌ ³ª¸ÓÁö ³Ý°ú ´Ù¸¥ °ÍÀº? Greg had always loved sports that he could play on his own. When he was 14, ¨ç _he_ went to a camp for skiers. One of the best ways to stay in shape, he was told there, was cycling. At that time, his dad was trying to lose weight, so ¨è _he_ rode 20 miles every day with his son. Soon Greg got interested in cycling, entered races for 14 and 15-year-olds, and won almost every race. ¨é _He_ became unbeatable in the U.S. However, being number one in the U.S. didn't count for much because all the top cyclists raced in Europe. When ¨ê _he_ was 16, Greg started racing and winning in Europe. And when he was 25, ¨ë _he_ became the first non-European to win the Tour de France, the top cycling competition in the world. 13ÂÊ 26. 3-002-026 (2008Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 18¹ø) ¹ØÁ٠ģ This/this°¡ °¡¸®Å°´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? A world without _this_ is almost unimaginable. _This_ plays an essential role in various scientific fields and in industry. It is used throughout the home, at work, and often in play. One of the greatest benefits of _this_ is that it lets in light and provides protection from the weather at the same time. _This_ allows daylight in but keeps out cold or stormy weather. Electric bulbs transmit light but keep out the oxygen that would cause their hot filaments to burn up. Television picture tubes enable viewers to see the image that is formed inside the tube. Bottles can reveal their contents without being opened. * filament: Çʶó¸àÆ® ¨ç glass ¨è steel ¨é wood ¨ê stone ¨ë rubber 27. 3-002-027 (2008Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 19¹ø) ¹ØÁ٠ģ They/they°¡ °¡¸®Å°´Â ´ë»óÀÌ ³ª¸ÓÁö ³Ý°ú ´Ù¸¥ °ÍÀº? The first true piece of sports equipment that man invented was the ball. In ancient Egypt, pitching stones was children's favorite game, but a badly thrown rock could hurt a child. Egyptians were therefore looking for something less dangerous to throw. And ¨ç _they_ developed what were probably the first balls. ¨è _They_ were first made of grass or leaves held together by strings, and later of pieces of animal skin sewn together and stuffed with feathers or hay. Even though the Egyptians were warlike, ¨é _they_ found time for peaceful games. Before long ¨ê _they_ devised a number of ball games. Perhaps ¨ë _they_ played ball more for instruction than for fun. Ball playing was thought of mainly as a way to teach young men the speed and skill they would need for war. 28. 3-002-028 (2008Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 18¹ø) ¹ØÁ٠ģ This/this°¡ °¡¸®Å°´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? _This_ refers to a kind of building for sheltering animals, their feed, farm supplies, farm machinery, and farm products. Sometimes _this_ is used for storing hay and grain, too. The need for _this_ has declined with the introduction of tractors and electrical services. Traditionally, wood was used in constructing _this_, but sheet steel and aluminum have been increasingly used since World War II, particularly on large farms in North American and European countries. _This_ usually consists of two stories, the first to shelter animals or machines and the second to store hay or grain. ¨ç barn ¨è cottage ¨é garage ¨ê windmill ¨ë factory 14ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 12ÂÊ 29. 3-002-029 (2008Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 19¹ø) ¹ØÁ٠ģ they/their°¡ °¡¸®Å°´Â ´ë»óÀÌ ³ª¸ÓÁö ³Ý°ú ´Ù¸¥ °ÍÀº? Whether woven or printed, a fine tie is a work of art from beginning to end. Woven silk ties are the most luxurious of all. Though less common today, ¨ç _they_ were at one time the essential accessory of a true gentleman. Because of ¨è _their_ high manufacturing cost, woven silk ties are very expensive. This in part accounts for the fact that ¨é _they_ now represent only five percent of tie production. But ¨ê _they_ will never fall entirely by the wayside and will make periodic comebacks. Printed silk ties are much cheaper and simpler than ¨ë _their_ woven counterparts. However, silk printing demands a high level of technical mastery. * woven: (½Ç·Î) § 30. 3-002-030 (2008Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 18¹ø) ¹ØÁ٠ģ This/this°¡ °¡¸®Å°´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Earth is a large, round planet. To see all of Earth, we would have to go around it in a spacecraft. Thanks to _this_, however, we don't have to do that. Shaped like a soccer ball, _this_ represents Earth as round rather than flat, and shows what it would look like from outer space. _This_ shows distances, directions, and the shapes and sizes of areas on Earth. _This_ also has a number of lines including one that runs around the center and divides it into two halves horizontally. ¨ç a chart ¨è a scale ¨é a compass ¨ê a satellite ¨ë a globe 31. 3-002-031 (2008Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 19¹ø) ¹ØÁ٠ģ itÀÌ °¡¸®Å°´Â ´ë»óÀÌ ³ª¸ÓÁö ³Ý°ú ´Ù¸¥ °ÍÀº? Many people believe that a snowflake cannot last more than a few minutes indoors because ¨ç _it_ is a frozen water crystal. However, you can catch a snowflake and keep ¨è _it_ forever. According to the chemist Tryggvi Emlisson, ¡®superglue¡¯ can be used to do this job. It is a thin, runny glue with special molecules which hardens anything ¨é _it_ touches. With that in mind, Emlisson did an experiment with a snowflake in January 1979. He took a snowflake, locked ¨ê _it_ in a drop of the ¡®superglue,¡¯ and kept it for decades. Recently he showed that ¨ë _it_ was still well-preserved. * snowflake: ´«¼ÛÀÌ 15ÂÊ ^[02°­ ¾î¹ý À¯Çü ¼Ò°³ * ÀüüÀûÀÎ ±ÛÀÇ È帧 ¼Ó¿¡¼­ ¹ØÁ٠ģ 5°³ÀÇ ¼±ÅÃÁö °¡¿îµ¥ ¾î¹ý»óÀÇ ¿À·ù¸¦ º¸ÀÌ´Â °ÍÀ» °í¸£´Â ¹®Ç×°ú ³×¸ð ¾È¿¡ Á¦½ÃµÈ µÎ °³ÀÇ ºñ½ÁÇÑ ¹®Àå ¿ä¼Ò °¡¿îµ¥ ¹®¹ýÀûÀ¸·Î ¿Ã¹Ù¸¥ °ÍÀ» ÆÇ´ÜÇÏ´Â ¹®Ç×ÀÌ ÃâÁ¦µÈ´Ù. * ´ëü·Î ¹®Àå ´ÜÀ§¿¡¼­ ¾î¹ý¼ºÀ» ÆÇ´ÜÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ¸¹Áö¸¸ °³º°ÀûÀÎ ¹®¹ý Ç׸ñ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ÜÆíÀûÀÎ Áö½ÄÀ» ¹¯±âº¸´Ù´Â ±ÛÀÇ È帧 ¼Ó¿¡¼­ ÆÇ´ÜÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ Á¡Á¡ ¸¹¾ÆÁö´Â Ãß¼¼ÀÌ´Ù. * ÃÖ±Ù ³­À̵µ°¡ ÆòÀÌÇÑ ¼öÁØÀ¸·Î ÃâÁ¦µÇ¾úÁö¸¸ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ »óÀ§±Ç Çлýµé¿¡°Ô º¯º°·ÂÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ¹®Ç×À̹ǷΠ±æ°í º¹ÀâÇÑ ¹®ÀåÀ» ²÷¾î ÀÐÀ¸¸é¼­ ±âº»ÀûÀÎ ¹®¹ý »çÇ×À» È®ÀÎÇÏ´Â ¿¬½ÀÀ» ²ÙÁØÈ÷ ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÇØ°á ¹æ¹ý * ÁÖ·Î ÆòÀÌÇÑ ¹®¹ý »çÇ×ÀÌ ÃâÁ¦µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ °æ¿ì ±âº»ÀûÀÎ ¹®¹ý Áö½ÄÀ» °®°í ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¿©ºÎ°¡ µæÁ¡¿¡ °áÁ¤ÀûÀ̹ǷΠÀÚÁÖ ÃâÁ¦µÇ´Â ¾î¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áö½ÄÀ» °®Ãß¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. * ³­À̵µ°¡ ³ô¾ÆÁö¸é ¹®¸ÆÀ» ¾Ë¾Æ¾ß Ç® ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹®Á¦°¡ ÃâÁ¦µÇ¹Ç·Î, °¢ ¹®ÀåÀ» ²÷¾î Àбâ Çϸ鼭 ÁÖ¾î, ¼­¼ú¾î, ¸ñÀû¾î, º¸¾î µîÀÇ ¹®Àå ¼ººÐÀ» ÆľÇÇØ º»´Ù. * ³×¸ð³ª ¹ØÁÙÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ¹®ÀåÀº ²Ä²ÄÈ÷ ÀÐÀ¸¸é¼­ ÀÚ¿¬½º·´°Ô ¿¬°áµÇ´ÂÁö ¿©ºÎ¸¦ È®ÀÎÇØ º¸¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. * ÀÚÁÖ ÃâÁ¦µÇ´Â ¹®¹ý »çÇ×ÀÎ ºÐ»ç, °ü°è´ë¸í»ç, ºÎÁ¤»ç, Á־µ¿»çÀÇ ÀÏÄ¡¿Í ±¸Á¶, ´ë¸í»ç, ÅÂ, Çü¿ë»ç/ºÎ»ç, Á¢¼Ó»ç/ÀüÄ¡»ç µî¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±âº» Áö½ÄÀ» ½ÀµæÇÏ°í, À̸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ µ¶ÇØ Áö¹®À» Á¢ÇÏ´Â ¿¬½ÀÀ» ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. 16ÂÊ 1. 3-002-032 (2014Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É AÇü 27¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ¹ØÁ٠ģ ºÎºÐ Áß, ¾î¹ý»ó Ʋ¸° °ÍÀº? I hope you remember our discussion last Monday about the servicing of the washing machine ¨ç _supplied_ to us three months ago. I regret to say the machine is no longer working. As we agreed during the meeting, please send a service engineer as soon as possible to repair it. The product warranty says ¨è _that_ you provide spare parts and materials for free, but charge for the engineer's labor. This sounds ¨é _unfair_. I believe the machine's failure is caused by a manufacturing defect. Initially, it made a lot of noise, and later, it stopped ¨ê _to operat_ entirely. As it is wholly the company's responsibility to correct the defect, I hope you will not make us ¨ë _pay_ for the labor component of its repair. 2. 3-002-033 (2014Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É BÇü 27¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ¹ØÁ٠ģ ºÎºÐ Áß, ¾î¹ý»ó Ʋ¸° °ÍÀº? Oxygen is what it is all about. Ironically, the stuff that gives us life eventually kills it. The ultimate life force lies in tiny cellular factories of energy, called mitochondria, ¨ç _that_ burn nearly all the oxygen we breathe in. But breathing has a price. The combustion of oxygen that keeps us alive and active ¨è _sending_ out by-products called oxygen free radicals. They have Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde characteristics. On the one hand, they help guarantee our survival. For example, when the body mobilizes ¨é _to fight_ off infectious agents, it generates a burst of free radicals to destroy the invaders very efficiently. On the other hand, free radicals move ¨ê _uncontrollably_ through the body, attacking cells, rusting their proteins, piercing their membranes and corrupting their genetic code until the cells become dysfunctional and sometimes give up and die. These fierce radicals, ¨ë _built_ into life as both protectors and avengers, are potent agents of aging. * oxygen free radical: È°¼º »ê¼Ò * membrane: (ÇغÎÇÐ) ¾ãÀº ¸· 3. 3-002-034 (2014Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò AÇü 27¹ø) (A), (B), (C)ÀÇ °¢ ³×¸ð ¾È¿¡¼­ ¾î¹ý¿¡ ¸Â´Â Ç¥ÇöÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? You cannot fit objects (A) (that/what) occupied a 5,000-square-foot house in a 2,000-square-foot condominium. If you are moving to a smaller condominium, that's great. Get rid of your belongings and (B) (buy/buying) the condominium. It is fruitless to look at condominiums when you have spent the past 20-odd years in a large house and then try to move all of your life into the smaller investment. To do so often leads to frustration because what you wind up purchasing is an expensive warehouse for your furniture, and that is usually the wrong investment. If you want to change your lifestyle, you must accept the consequences of that decision. Throwing things out only (C) (hurt/hurts) for a little while. (A) (B) (C) ¨ç that buy hurt ¨è that buy hurts ¨é what buy hurts ¨ê what buying hurts ¨ë what buying hurt 17ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 14ÂÊ 4. 3-002-035 (2014Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò BÇü 27¹ø) (A), (B), (C)ÀÇ °¢ ³×¸ð ¾È¿¡¼­ ¾î¹ý¿¡ ¸Â´Â Ç¥ÇöÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? It had long been something of a mystery where, and on what, the northern fur seals of the eastern Pacific feed during the winter, (A) (when/which) they spend off the coast of North America from California to Alaska. There is no evidence that they are feeding to any great extent on sardines, mackerel, or other commercially important fishes. Presumably four million seals could not compete with commercial fishermen for the same species without the fact (B) (being/is) known. But there is some evidence on the diet of the fur seals, and it is highly significant. Their stomachs have yielded the bones of a species of fish that has never been seen alive. Indeed, not even its remains (C) (has/have) been found anywhere except in the stomachs of seals. Ichthyologists say that this ¡®seal fish¡¯ belongs to a group that typically inhabits very deep water, off the edge of the continental shelf. * ichthyologist: ¾î·ùÇÐÀÚ (A) (B) (C) ¨ç when is have ¨è when being have ¨é which being have ¨ê which being has ¨ë which is has 5. 3-002-036 (2014Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò AÇü 27¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ¹ØÁ٠ģ ºÎºÐ Áß, ¾î¹ý»ó Ʋ¸° °ÍÀº? When you have ideas you like, you often think everyone else should feel the same way. If they don't, it very often ¨ç _becomes_ a matter of ¡°they just don't understand!¡± If a colleague around you doesn't understand your idea, or its potential, you are ¨è _being given_ an important message. Maybe your view of a problem ¨é _that_ you think you are solving is not shared by other coworkers? If your colleague cannot see it, your consumers may not ¨ê _either_. Think about it. Make constant efforts until everyone you explain your idea to understands it. This is all to do with ¨ë _find_ simple solutions to our daily communication problems. 6. 3-002-037 (2014Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò BÇü 27¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ¹ØÁ٠ģ ºÎºÐ Áß, ¾î¹ý»ó Ʋ¸° °ÍÀº? Given that music appears to enhance physical and mental skills, are there circumstances where music is ¨ç _damaging_ to performance? One domain ¨è _which_ this is of considerable significance is music's potentially damaging effects on the ability to drive safely. Evidence suggests an association between loud, fast music and reckless driving, but how might music's ability to influence driving in this way ¨é _be explained_? One possibility is that drivers adjust to temporal regularities in music, and ¨ê _that_ their speed is influenced accordingly. In other words, just as faster music causes people to eat faster, ¨ë _so_ it causes people to drive at faster speeds, as they engage mentally and physically with ongoing repeated structures in the music. 18ÂÊ 7. 3-002-038 (2014Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É ¿¹ºñ½ÃÇà AÇü 31¹ø) (A), (B), (C)ÀÇ °¢ ³×¸ð ¾È¿¡¼­ ¾î¹ý¿¡ ¸Â´Â Ç¥ÇöÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? It's impossible to know for sure if cats dream just like we do. However, if you¡¯ve ever watched your cat when she's fast asleep, you will know that sometimes her whiskers, her paws, or even her tail might move suddenly as if she's dreaming. Cats can even be heard growling or purring while asleep (A) (occasional/occasionally), so perhaps they go out hunting or chasing mice in their dreams! Cats can sleep for many hours of the day. In fact, the average cat naps for 13-18 hours every day (B) (saving/to save) energy and pass the time. Cats in the wild are most active in the early morning and evenings, (C) (which/when) they do most of their hunting. Domestic cats adjust to our routines. After all, it's more fun to be awake when we are, and to sleep at night. (A) (B) (C) ¨ç occasional saving which ¨è occasional to save when ¨é occasionally saving when ¨ê occasionally to save which ¨ë occasionally to save when 8. 3-002-039 (2014Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É ¿¹ºñ½ÃÇà BÇü 27¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ¹ØÁ٠ģ ºÎºÐ Áß, ¾î¹ý»ó Ʋ¸° °ÍÀº? ¡°Aerobic¡± means ¡°with oxygen.¡± It's not surprising that the demands you make on your body when you ask it to sustain an aerobic activity train your lungs to deliver oxygen and your heart ¨ç _to pump_ out greater amounts of blood to carry that oxygen to your working muscles. Your body also responds to this challenge by producing and storing something ¨è _referred_ to as aerobic enzymes. These enzymes help you burn more fat, which is another reason why aerobic exercise has ¨é _such_ a pronounced effect on your body fat. This effect, which is often overlooked, is a primary reason why people ¨ê _do_ aerobic exercises establish a new metabolism and a leaner body. Yet another benefit of aerobic training is ¨ë _that_ it enables your muscles to better use oxygen to perform work over extended periods of time. 9. 3-002-040 (2013Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 20¹ø) (A), (B), (C)ÀÇ °¢ ³×¸ð ¾È¿¡¼­ ¾î¹ý¿¡ ¸Â´Â Ç¥ÇöÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? In many countries, amongst younger people, the habit of reading newspapers has been on the decline and some of the dollars previously (A) (spent/were spent) on newspaper advertising have migrated to the Internet. Of course some of this decline in newspaper reading has been due to the fact that we are doing more of our newspaper reading online. We can read the news of the day, or the latest on business, entertainment or (B) (however/whatever) news on the websites of the New York Times, the Guardian or almost any other major newspaper in the world. Increasingly, we can access these stories wirelessly by mobile devices as well as our computers. Advertising dollars have simply been (C) (followed/following) the migration trail across to these new technologies. (A) (B) (C) ¨ç spent however followed ¨è spent whatever following ¨é were spent however following ¨ê were spent whatever followed ¨ë were spent whatever following 19ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 16ÂÊ 10. 3-002-041 (2013Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 21¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ¹ØÁ٠ģ ºÎºÐ Áß, ¾î¹ý»ó Ʋ¸° °ÍÀº? We take it for granted that film directors are in the game of recycling. Adapting novels ¨ç _is_ one of the most respectable of movie projects, while a book that calls itself the novelization of a film is considered barbarous. Being a hybrid art as well as a late one, film has always been in a dialogue with ¨è _other_ narrative genres. Movies were first seen as an exceptionally potent kind of illusionist theatre, the rectangle of the screen corresponding to the proscenium of a stage, ¨é _which_ appear actors. Starting in the early silent period, plays were regularly ¡°turned into¡± films. But ¨ê _filming_ plays did not encourage the evolution of what truly was distinctive about a movie: the intervention of the camera--its mobility of vision. As a source of plot, character, and dialogue, the novel seemed more ¨ë _suitable_. Many early successes of cinema were adaptations of popular novels. * proscenium: ¾Õ ¹«´ë 11. 3-002-042 (2013Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 20¹ø) (A), (B), (C)ÀÇ °¢ ³×¸ð ¾È¿¡¼­ ¾î¹ý¿¡ ¸Â´Â Ç¥ÇöÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Remember what it was like to report on a daily deadline for the first time? Or to interview a city official for the first time? Or to begin to maneuver a desktop publishing program? We know that the journalism program at our college was a source of (A) (many/much) of these firsts for you. We're still providing these important first experiences to budding young writers and editors. And we're hoping you'll be willing to help these students make it through the program. As you know, the costs of providing first-rate education just keep going up. We¡¯ve done everything we can (B) (contain/to contain) costs without compromising quality. One of those things is to set up a scholarship fund for students with special financial needs. We hope you would consider contributing generously to our fund. You'll get a great feeling (C) (known/knowing) you're helping support the formation of future leaders in the profession. (A) (B) (C) ¨ç many contain known ¨è many contain knowing ¨é many to contain knowing ¨ê much contain knowing ¨ë much to contain known 12. 3-002-043 (2013Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 21¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ¹ØÁ٠ģ ºÎºÐ Áß, ¾î¹ý»ó Ʋ¸° °ÍÀº? Today, the world of innovation is far different from what it was a century ago. The days of the solitary inventor working on his own are gone. To oversimplify, basic ideas bubble out of universities and laboratories ¨ç _in which_ a group of researchers work together: both major breakthroughs, like understanding the genetic structure of life, and smaller ¨è _ones_, such as advances in mathematics or basic chemistry. Traditionally, intellectual property has played little role in ¨é _promoting_ basic science. Academia believes in ¡°open architecture,¡± meaning ¨ê _that_ the knowledge that research produces should be made public to encourage innovation. The great scientists are driven by an inner quest to understand the nature of the universe; the extrinsic reward that matters most to them ¨ë _are_ the recognition of their peers. 20ÂÊ 13. 3-002-044 (2013Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 20¹ø) (A), (B), (C)ÀÇ °¢ ³×¸ð ¾È¿¡¼­ ¾î¹ý¿¡ ¸Â´Â Ç¥ÇöÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Deseada is a small island which belongs to the Lesser Antilles. This island is said to have obtained its name from the desire Christopher Columbus felt of seeing land on his second voyage in 1493. It is twelve miles in length and six miles in width. The part which looks to the north is lower than (A) (it/that) which looks to the south. The island abounds greatly in iguanas, and in a species of birds called fragatas. There is a deep cavern on the island, containing the bones and arms of the Indians, who, it is supposed, (B) (was/were) buried there. In 1762, this island was taken by the English, (C) (who/where) restored it the following year to the French by the Peace of Paris, and since that time it has been in the possession of the latter. (A) (B) (C) ¨ç it was who ¨è it were where ¨é that was who ¨ê that were who ¨ë that were where 14. 3-002-045 (2013Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 21¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ¹ØÁ٠ģ ºÎºÐ Áß, ¾î¹ý»ó Ʋ¸° °ÍÀº? If you¡¯ve ever gone snorkeling, you may ¨ç _have seen_ an amazing sight: an entire school of fish suddenly changes direction as one unit. The same goes for flocks of birds. So are they all following the commands of a leader? Researchers have determined that there is no leader or controlling force. Rather, the individual fish or bird is reacting ¨è _almost_ instantly to the movements of its neighbors in the school or flock. ¨é _Any_ individual can initiate a movement, such as a change in direction, and this sends out a ¡°maneuver wave,¡± which spreads through the group at an astounding speed. Because individuals can see, or sense, the wave ¨ê _coming_ toward them, they are ready to react more quickly than they would without such advance notice. ¨ë _That_ appears to us as simultaneous is actually a kind of ¡°follow your neighbor¡± behavior moving faster than the eye can see. * maneuver: ¿òÁ÷ÀÓ 15. 3-002-046 (2012Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 20¹ø) (A), (B), (C)ÀÇ °¢ ³×¸ð ¾È¿¡¼­ ¾î¹ý¿¡ ¸Â´Â Ç¥ÇöÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? On January 10, 1992, a ship (A) (traveled/traveling) through rough seas lost 12 cargo containers, one of which held 28,800 floating bath toys. Brightly colored ducks, frogs, and turtles were set adrift in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. After seven months, the first toys made landfall on beaches near Sitka, Alaska, 3,540 kilometers from (B) (what/where) they were lost. Other toys floated north and west along the Alaskan coast and across the Bering Sea. Some toy animals stayed at sea (C) (even/very) longer. They floated completely along the North Pacific currents, ending up back in Sitka. (A) (B) (C) ¨ç traveled what even ¨è traveled what very ¨é traveling what even ¨ê traveling where even ¨ë traveling where very 21ÂÊ 16. 3-002-047 (2012Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 21¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ¹ØÁ٠ģ ºÎºÐ Áß, ¾î¹ý»ó Ʋ¸° °ÍÀº? Researchers studied two mobile phone companies trying to solve a technological problem. One company developed what it called a ¡®technology shelf,¡¯ created by a small group of engineers, on which ¨ç _was placed_ possible technical solutions that other teams might use in the future. It also created an open-ended conversation among ¨è _its_ engineers in which salespeople and designers were often included. The boundaries among business units were deliberately ambiguous because more than technical information was needed ¨é _to get_ a feeling for the problem. However, the other company proceeded with more seeming clarity and discipline, ¨ê _dividing_ the problem into its parts. Different departments protected their territory. Individuals and teams, competing with each other, stopped sharing information. The two companies did eventually ¨ë _solve_ the technological problem, but the latter company had more difficulty than the former. 17. 3-002-048 (2012Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 20¹ø) (A), (B), (C)ÀÇ °¢ ³×¸ð ¾È¿¡¼­ ¾î¹ý¿¡ ¸Â´Â Ç¥ÇöÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? You have to pay close attention to someone's normal pattern in order to notice a deviation from it when he or she lies. Sometimes the variation is as (A) (subtle/subtly) as a pause. Other times it is obvious and abrupt. I recently saw a news interview with an acquaintance (B) (who/whom) I was certain was going to lie about a few particularly sensitive issues, and lie she did. During most of her interview she was calm and direct, but when she started lying, her manner changed dramatically: she threw her head back, laughed in ¡®disbelief,¡¯ and shook her head back and forth. It is true that the questions (C) (dealt/dealing) with very personal issues, but I have found that in general, no matter how touchy the question, if a person is telling the truth his or her manner will not change significantly or abruptly. (A) (B) (C) ¨ç subtle who dealt ¨è subtle who dealing ¨é subtle whom dealt ¨ê subtly who dealt ¨ë subtly whom dealing 18. 3-002-049 (2012Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 21¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ¹ØÁ٠ģ ºÎºÐ Áß, ¾î¹ý»ó Ʋ¸° °ÍÀº? Fieldwork is the hallmark of cultural anthropology. It is the way we explore and learn about the vast ¨ç _detailed_ intricacy of human culture and individual behavior. And it is, importantly, the way ¨è _in which_ most cultural anthropologists earn and maintain their professional standing. Some of the early personal accounts of anthropologists in the field make fieldwork ¨é _sound_ exciting, adventuresome, certainly exotic, sometimes easy. Malinowski, the classic anthropological fieldworker, describes the early stages of fieldwork as ¡®a strange, sometimes unpleasant, sometimes intensely interesting adventure which soon ¨ê _adopts_ quite a natural course.¡¯ He goes on to describe his daily routine of strolling through the village ¨ë _observed_ the intimate details of family life, and as he tells it, such observations seem possible and accessible. 22ÂÊ 19. 3-002-050 (2012Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 20¹ø) (A), (B), (C)ÀÇ °¢ ³×¸ð ¾È¿¡¼­ ¾î¹ý¿¡ ¸Â´Â Ç¥ÇöÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? When induced to give spoken or written witness to something they doubt, people will often feel bad about their deceit. Nevertheless, they begin to believe (A) (what/that) they are saying. When there is no compelling external explanation for one's words, saying becomes believing. Tory Higgins and his colleagues had university students read a personality description of someone and then (B) (summarize/summarized) it for someone else who was believed either to like or to dislike this person. The students wrote a more positive description when the recipient liked the person. Having said positive things, they also then liked the person more themselves. (C) (Asked/Asking) to recall what they had read, they remembered the description as being more positive than it was. In short, it seems that we are prone to adjust our messages to our listeners, and, having done so, to believe the altered message. (A) (B) (C) ¨ç what summarize Asked ¨è what summarize Asking ¨é what summarized Asked ¨ê that summarized Asking ¨ë that summarized Asked 20. 3-002-051 (2012Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 21¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ¹ØÁ٠ģ ºÎºÐ Áß, ¾î¹ý»ó Ʋ¸° °ÍÀº? We want to stop watching so much TV, but demonstrably, we also want to watch lots of TV. So what we really want, it seems, ¨ç _is_ to stop wanting. We ¨è _are trapped_ deep in a paradox: deciding on the best course of action, then doing something else. The way around this is ¨é _to see_ that habits are responses to needs. This sounds ¨ê _obvious_, but countless efforts at habit change ignore its implications. If you eat badly, you might resolve to start eating well. However, if you are eating burgers and ice-cream to feel comforted, relaxed and happy, ¨ë _try_ to replace them with broccoli and carrot juice is like dealing with a leaky bathroom tap by repainting the kitchen. What is required is not a better diet, but an alternative way to feel comforted and relaxed. 21. 3-002-052 (2011Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 20¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ¹ØÁ٠ģ ºÎºÐ Áß, ¾î¹ý»ó Ʋ¸° °ÍÀº? The word ¡®courage¡¯ takes on added meaning if you keep in mind that it is derived from the Latin word ¡®cor¡¯ ¨ç _meaning_ ¡®heart.¡¯ The dictionary defines courage as a ¡®quality which enables one to pursue a right course of action, through ¨è _which_ one may provoke disapproval, hostility, or contempt.¡¯ Over 300 years ago La Rochefoucauld went a step further when he said: ¡°Perfect courage is to do unwitnessed what we should be capable of doing before all men.¡± It is not easy ¨é _to show_ moral courage in the face of either indifference or opposition. But persons who are daring in taking a wholehearted stand for truth often ¨ê _achieving_ results that surpass their expectations. On the other hand, halfhearted individuals are seldom distinguished for courage even when it involves ¨ë _their_ own welfare. To be courageous under all circumstances requires strong determination. * provoke: À¯¹ßÇÏ´Ù 23ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 21ÂÊ 22. 3-002-051 (2011Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 21¹ø) (A), (B), (C)ÀÇ °¢ ³×¸ð ¾È¿¡¼­ ¾î¹ý¿¡ ¸Â´Â Ç¥ÇöÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? We anticipate the future as if we found it too slow in coming and we were trying to hurry it up. (A) (So/Such) imprudent are we that we wander about in times that are not ours and do not think of the one that belongs to us. We try to support the present with the future and (B) (think/thinking) of arranging things we cannot control, for a time we have no certainty of reaching. Examine your thoughts, and you will find them wholly (C) (to occupy/occupied) with the past or the future. We almost never think of the present, and if we do so, it is only to shed light on our plans for the future. The past and the present are our means; only the future is our end. (A) (B) (C) ¨ç So thinking occupied ¨è So think to occupy ¨é So think occupied ¨ê Such thinking occupied ¨ë Such thinking to occupy 23. 3-002-054 (2011Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 20¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ¹ØÁ٠ģ ºÎºÐ Áß, ¾î¹ý»ó Ʋ¸° °ÍÀº? The phrase, ¡®jack-of-all-trades¡¯ is a ¨ç _shortened_ version of ¡®jack of all trades and master of none.¡¯ It refers to those who ¨è _claim_ to be proficient at countless tasks, but cannot perform a single one of them well. The phrase was first used in England at the start of the Industrial Revolution. A large number of efficiency experts set up shop in London, ¨é _advertising_ themselves as knowledgeable about every type of new manufacturing process, trade, and business. For a substantial fee, they would impart their knowledge to their clients. But it soon became ¨ê _evident_ that their knowledge was limited and of no practical value. Doubtful industrialists started calling these self-appointed experts ¡®jacks of all trades and masters of none.¡¯ These experts are still with us, and as a result so ¨ë _does_ the phrase. 24. 3-002-055 (2011Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 21¹ø) (A), (B), (C)ÀÇ °¢ ³×¸ð ¾È¿¡¼­ ¾î¹ý¿¡ ¸Â´Â Ç¥ÇöÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Mr. Potter was sailing for Europe on one of the greatest transatlantic ocean liners. When he went on board, he found (A) (another/other) passenger was to share the cabin with him. After going to see the accommodations, he came up to the purser 's desk and inquired (B) (if/that) he could leave his valuables in the ship's safe. Mr. Potter explained that ordinarily he never availed himself of that privilege, but he had been to his cabin and had met the man who was to occupy the other bed. Judging from his appearance, he was afraid that he might not be a very trustworthy person. The purser accepted the responsibility for the valuables and (C) (remarking/remarked), ¡°It's all right. I'll be very glad to take care of them for you. The other man has been up here and left his valuables for the same reason!¡± * purser: ¼±¹ÚÀÇ »ç¹«Àå (A) (B) (C) ¨ç another that remarking ¨è another if remarked ¨é another if remarking ¨ê other if remarked ¨ë other that remarked 24ÂÊ 25. 3-002-056 (2011Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 20¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ¹ØÁ٠ģ ºÎºÐ Áß, ¾î¹ý»ó Ʋ¸° °ÍÀº? Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, the creator of Sherlock Holmes, had a great sense of delicacy ¨ç _where_ other persons' feelings were concerned. He once paid a visit to George Meredith, the novelist, when Meredith was old and weak. Meredith suffered from an unusual disease that caused him ¨è _to fall_ occasionally. The two men were walking up a path toward Meredith's summerhouse, Conan Doyle in the lead, when Conan Doyle heard the old novelist fall behind him. He judged by the sound ¨é _which_ the fall was a mere slip and could not have hurt Meredith. Therefore, he did not turn and he strode on as if he ¨ê _had_ heard nothing. ¡°He was a fiercely proud old man,¡± Conan Doyle later explained, ¡°and my instincts told me that his humiliation in being helped up would be ¨ë _far_ greater than any relief I could give him.¡± 26. 3-002-057 (2011Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 21¹ø) (A), (B), (C)ÀÇ °¢ ³×¸ð ¾È¿¡¼­ ¾î¹ý¿¡ ¸Â´Â Ç¥ÇöÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? There is an old Japanese legend about a man renowned for his flawless manners visiting a remote village. Wanting to honor as well as observe him, the villagers prepared a banquet. As they sat to eat, all eyes were on their noble guest. Everyone looked at (A) (what/how) the man held his chopsticks, so that they could imitate him. But then, by an unfortunate accident, as the mannered man raised a slippery slice of tofu to his lips, he (B) (who/whom) the tiniest bit of excess pressure on his chopsticks, propelling his tofu through the air and onto his neighbor's lap. After a brief moment of surprise, in order to preserve the myth of their guest's perfection and keep (C) (diverse/diversely) from any embarrassment, all the villagers at the banquet began to fling tofu into each other's laps. (A) (B) (C) ¨ç what placed him ¨è what was placed himself ¨é how placed him ¨ê how placed himself ¨ë how was placed himself 27. 3-002-058 (2010Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 21¹ø) (A), (B), (C)ÀÇ °¢ ³×¸ð ¾È¿¡¼­ ¾î¹ý¿¡ ¸Â´Â Ç¥ÇöÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? While awaiting the birth of a new baby, North American parents typically furnish a room as the infant's sleeping quarters. For decades, child-rearing advice from experts has (A) (encouraged/been encouraged) the nighttime separation of baby from parent. For example, a study recommends that babies be moved into their own room by three months of age. ¡°By six months a child (B) (who/whom) regularly sleeps in her parents' room is likely to become dependent on this arrangement,¡± reports the study. Yet parent-infant ¡®co-sleeping¡¯ is the norm for approximately 90 percent of the world's population. Cultures as (C) (diverse/diversely) as the Japanese, the Guatemalan Maya, and the Inuit of Northwestern Canada practice it. (A) (B) (C) ¨ç encouraged who diverse ¨è encouraged whom diversely ¨é encouraged who diversely ¨ê been encouraged who diverse ¨ë been encouraged whom diverse 25ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 23ÂÊ 28. 3-002-059 (2010Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 22¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ¹ØÁ٠ģ ºÎºÐ Áß, ¾î¹ý»ó Ʋ¸° °ÍÀº? While manned space missions are more costly than unmanned ¨ç _ones_, they are more successful. Robots and astronauts use ¨è _much_ of the same equipment in space. But a human is much more capable of operating those instruments correctly and ¨é to place_ them in appropriate and useful positions. Rarely ¨ê _is_ a computer more sensitive and accurate than a human in managing the same geographical or environmental factors. Robots are also not equipped with capabilities like humans to solve problems ¨ë _as_ they arise, and they often collect data that are unhelpful or irrelevant. 29. 3-002-060 (2010Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 21¹ø) (A), (B), (C)ÀÇ °¢ ³×¸ð ¾È¿¡¼­ ¾î¹ý¿¡ ¸Â´Â Ç¥ÇöÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? No matter what we are shopping for, it is not primarily a brand we are choosing, but a culture, or rather the people associated with that culture. (A) (Whatever/Whether) you wear torn jeans or like to recite poetry, by doing so you make a statement of belonging to a group of people. Who we believe we are (B) (is/are) a result of the choices we make about who we want to be like, and we subsequently demonstrate this desired likeness to others in various and often subtle ways. Artificial as this process is, this is what becomes our ¡®identity,¡¯ an identity (C) (grounded/grounding) on all the superficial differences we distinguish between ourselves and others. This, after all, is what we are shopping for: self-identity, knowledge of who we are. (A) (B) (C) ¨ç Whatever is grounded ¨è Whatever are grounding ¨é Whether is grounded ¨ê Whether are grounding ¨ë Whether are grounded 30. 3-002-061 (2010Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 22¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ¹ØÁ٠ģ ºÎºÐ Áß, ¾î¹ý»ó Ʋ¸° °ÍÀº? Almost every day I play a game with myself ¨ç _that_ I call ¡®time machine.¡¯ I made it up in response to my erroneous belief that what I was all worked up about was really important. ¨è _To_ play ¡®time machine¡¯ all you have to do is to imagine that whatever circumstance you are dealing with is not happening right now but a year from now. It might be an argument with your spouse, a mistake, or a lost opportunity, but it is highly ¨é _likely_ that a year from now you are not going to care. It will be one more irrelevant detail in your life. While this simple game will not solve ¨ê _every_ your problems, it can give you an enormous amount of needed perspective. I find myself laughing at things that I used to ¨ë _take_ far too seriously. 26ÂÊ 31. 3-002-062 (2010Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 20¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ¹ØÁ٠ģ ºÎºÐ Áß, ¾î¹ý»ó Ʋ¸° °ÍÀº? Mr. Brown wanted his students to learn math in the context of real life. He felt it was not enough for them just to work out problems from a book. To show his students how math could really help ¨ç _them_, he held several contests during the year. The contests allowed his students ¨è _to have_ fun while they practiced math and raised money. Once he filled a fishbowl with marbles, asked the students to guess how many marbles there were, and ¨é _awarded_ a free lunch to the winner. Another time they entered a contest to guess how many soda cans the back of a pickup truck ¨ê _was_ held. To win, they had to practice their skills at estimating, multiplying, dividing, and measuring. They used ¨ë _most_ of the prize money for an end-of-the-year field trip. 32. 3-002-063 (2010Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 21¹ø) (A), (B), (C)ÀÇ °¢ ³×¸ð ¾È¿¡¼­ ¾î¹ý¿¡ ¸Â´Â Ç¥ÇöÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? It is hard for street trees to survive with only foot-square holes in the pavement. The average life of a street tree surrounded by concrete and asphalt (A) (is/are) seven to fifteen years. Many factors underground determine if a street tree will make it. If the soil is so dense that the roots cannot get in, it will surely die. If they can get in, there is a better chance of getting the water and nutrients (B) (needing/needed) to survive. Another question is whether adequate water supplies are getting into the growing area. Some of the water comes from underground sources and some from rain, and it is hard to measure (C) (where/what) the tree is getting it. Of course, if the roots get into the sewers, they can get everything they need. (A) (B) (C) ¨ç is needing where ¨è is needing what ¨é is needed where ¨ê are needing where ¨ë are needed what 33. 3-002-064 (2009Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 21¹ø) (A), (B), (C)ÀÇ °¢ ³×¸ð ¾È¿¡¼­ ¾î¹ý¿¡ ¸Â´Â Ç¥ÇöÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Many social scientists have believed for some time (A) (that/what) birth order directly affects both personality and achievement in adult life. In fact, people have been using birth order to account for personality factors such as an aggressive behavior or a passive temperament. One might say, ¡°Oh, I¡¯m the eldest of three sisters, so I can't help that I¡¯m so overbearing,¡± or ¡°I¡¯m not very successful in business, because I¡¯m the youngest child and thus less (B) (aggressively/aggressive) than my older brothers and sisters.¡± Recent studies, however, have proved this belief to be false. In other words, birth order may define your role within a family, but as you mature into adulthood, (C) (accepted/accepting) other social roles, birth order becomes insignificant. (A) (B) (C) ¨ç that aggressively accepting ¨è that aggressive accepting ¨é that aggressive accepted ¨ê what aggressive accepted ¨ë what aggressively accepted 27ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 26ÂÊ 34. 3-002-065 (2009Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 22¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ¹ØÁ٠ģ ºÎºÐ Áß, ¾î¹ý»ó Ʋ¸° °ÍÀº? You may think that moving a short distance is so easy that you can do it in no time with ¨ç little effort. You may decide to use your own car because you think that you don't need the services of a moving company. Well, you might be wrong. You are under the false impression that you do not have as many items to pack as you really ¨è do. You find out ¨é too late that your car cannot carry as much as you thought it could. So, it takes you far more trips to your new home than you thought it would. There is also the possibility of ¨ê damage your stuff, some of it valuable. All these things ¨ë considered, it might be better to ask for the services of a moving company. 3-002-066 35 (2009Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 20¹ø) (A), (B), (C)ÀÇ °¢ ³×¸ð ¾È¿¡¼­ ¾î¹ý¿¡ ¸Â´Â Ç¥ÇöÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? If you need to buy food, there is probably a shop or a department store close to your home that sells just (A) (which/what) you want. But shopping has not always been so easy. Shops started only with the introduction of money. In earlier times, people traded crops or objects they had made in exchange for the goods they needed. The first shops sold just (B) (a few/a little) products such as meat and bread. In 1850, the first department store, a shop which sells many different items under one roof, opened in Paris. Self-service stores developed in the United States in the 1930s. They replaced the old methods of serving customers individually by (C) (selling/being) prepackaged goods straight from the shelves. (A) (B) (C) ¨ç which a little being sold ¨è what a few being sold ¨é what a few selling ¨ê what a little selling ¨ë which a little selling 36. 3-002-067 (2009Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 21¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ¹ØÁ٠ģ ºÎºÐ Áß, ¾î¹ý»ó Ʋ¸° °ÍÀº? Chocolate can last in a cool, dry place for up to a year. When the temperature in your cupboard ¨ç _averages_ above 75 degrees Fahrenheit, chocolate may quickly develop thin white layers ¨è _caused_ by the separation of cocoa butter. You can still eat this chocolate, even though it should not be used for decorations, ¨é _as_ it tends to break easily. Though chocolate may ¨ê _be kept_ in the refrigerator or freezer, it will take on the smells of other foods in time, so taste before using. Also, ¨ë _making_ sure to bring chocolate to room temperature before eating, as frozen bits of chocolate always strike me as rather hard and tasteless. 28ÂÊ 37. 3-002-068 (2009Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 21¹ø) (A), (B), (C)ÀÇ °¢ ³×¸ð ¾È¿¡¼­ ¾î¹ý¿¡ ¸Â´Â Ç¥ÇöÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? The most useful thing I brought out of my childhood was confidence in reading. Not long ago, I went on a weekend self-exploratory workshop, in the hope of getting a clue about how to live. One of the exercises we were given (A) (was/were) to make a list of the ten most important events of our lives. Number one was: ¡°I was born,¡± and you could put (B) (however/whatever) you liked after that. Without even thinking about it, my hand wrote at number two: ¡°I learned to read.¡± ¡°I was born and learned to read¡± wouldn't be a sequence that occurs to many people, I imagine. But I knew what I meant to say. Being born was something (C) (done/doing) to me, but my own life began when I first made out the meaning of a sentence. (A) (B) (C) ¨ç was however done ¨è was whatever done ¨é was whatever doing ¨ê were however doing ¨ë were however done 38. 3-002-069 (2009Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 22¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ¹ØÁ٠ģ ºÎºÐ Áß, ¾î¹ý»ó Ʋ¸° °ÍÀº? Gas stations are a good example of an impersonal attitude. At many stations, attendants have even stopped ¨ç _pumping_ gas. Motorists pull up to a gas station where an attendant is ¨è _enclosed_ in a glass booth with a tray for taking money. The driver must get out of the car, pump the gas, and ¨é _walk_ over to the booth to pay. And customers with engine trouble or a non-functioning heater are ¨ê _usually_ out of luck. Why? Many gas stations have gotten rid of on-duty mechanics. The skillful mechanic has been replaced by a teenager in a uniform ¨ë _which_ doesn't know anything about cars and couldn't care less. 39. 3-002-070 (2008Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 21¹ø) (A), (B), (C)ÀÇ °¢ ³×¸ð ¾È¿¡¼­ ¾î¹ý¿¡ ¸Â´Â Ç¥ÇöÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? The first thing I notice upon entering this garden is that the ankle-high grass is greener than (A) (that/those) on the other side of the fence. Dozens of wildflowers of countless varieties cover the ground to (B) (both/either) sides of the path. Creeping plants cover the polished silver gate and the sound of bubbling water comes from somewhere. The perfume of wildflowers (C) (fill/fills) the air as the grass dances upon a gentle breeze. A large basket of herbs rests against the fence to the west. Every time I walk in this garden, I think, ¡°Now I know what it is like to live in paradise.¡± (A) (B) (C) ¨ç that both fill ¨è that both fills ¨é that either fills ¨ê those either fill ¨ë those either fills 29ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 28ÂÊ 40. 3-002-071 (2008Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 22¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ¹ØÁ٠ģ ºÎºÐ Áß, ¾î¹ý»ó Ʋ¸° °ÍÀº? In general, one's memories of any period necessarily weaken ¨ç _as_ one moves away from it. One is constantly learning new facts, and old ones have to drop out to ¨è _make_ way for them. At twenty, I could have written the history of my school days with an accuracy which would be quite impossible now. But it can also happen that one's memories grow ¨é _much_ sharper even after a long passage of time. This is ¨ê _because_ one is looking at the past with fresh eyes and can isolate and, as it were, notice facts which previously existed undifferentiated among a mass of others. There are things ¨ë _what_ in a sense I remembered, but which did not strike me as strange or interesting until quite recently. 41. 3-002-072 (2008Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 21¹ø) (A), (B), (C)ÀÇ °¢ ³×¸ð ¾È¿¡¼­ ¾î¹ý¿¡ ¸Â´Â Ç¥ÇöÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? I had twenty village girls to teach, some of them with such a strong country accent (A) (that/what) I could hardly communicate with them. Only three could read, and none could write, so at the end of my first day I felt quite (B) (depressing/depressed) at the thought of the hard work ahead of me. But I reminded myself that I was fortunate to have any sort of job, and that I would certainly get used to (C) (teaching/being taught) these girls, who, although they were very poor, might be as good and as intelligent as children from the greatest families in England. (A) (B) (C) ¨ç that depressed teaching ¨è that depressing being taught ¨é that depressed being taught ¨ê what depressing being taught ¨ë what depressed teaching 42. 3-002-073 (2008Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 22¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ¹ØÁ٠ģ ºÎºÐ Áß, ¾î¹ý»ó Ʋ¸° °ÍÀº? The bodies of flowing ice we call glaciers ¨ç _are_ the most spectacular of natural features. They result from densely packed snow. Unlike a stream, a glacier cannot be seen ¨è _move_. Accurate measurements, however, show that it is flowing. Erosion of bedrock by glaciers and deposits of the eroded materials are characteristic and ¨é _easily_ recognizable. Their distribution enables us to infer that in the recent past glaciers have been far more extensive ¨ê _than_ they are today. At the same time, this evidence has ¨ë _raised_ the problem of the cause of the ¡®ice ages.¡¯ * erode: ħ½ÄÇÏ´Ù 30ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 30ÂÊ 43. 3-002-074 (2008Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 21¹ø) (A), (B), (C)ÀÇ °¢ ³×¸ð ¾È¿¡¼­ ¾î¹ý¿¡ ¸Â´Â Ç¥ÇöÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Philosophy is, simply put, a way of thinking. More accurately, however, it is a set of mental tools. And that fact is directly related to the question of (A) (at/why) we study philosophy. It's not just to amaze our friends with our own profound thinking, or confuse them with (B) (unexpected/unexpectedly) questions, although some college students may value that possibility the most in taking philosophy courses. We study philosophy (C) (because/because) of the mental skills it helps us develop. (A) (B) (C) ¨ç what unexpected because ¨è why unexpected because of ¨é why unexpected because ¨ê why unexpectedly because ¨ë what unexpectedly because of 44. 3-002-075 (2008Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 22¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ¹ØÁ٠ģ ºÎºÐ Áß, ¾î¹ý»ó Ʋ¸° °ÍÀº? College life is busy. There are too many demands on your schedule. Activities, friends, and pastimes may cause some difficulties in your ¨ç _performing_ the real job at hand. When you are feeling ¨è _overwhelmed_ by presentations, paper deadlines, or tests, you will probably spend all your time studying ¨é _to deal_ with these pressures. However, this lack of time for relaxation makes it more difficult ¨ê _get_ the most out of your studies. Promise ¨ë _yourself_ that no matter how much work you have, you will always relax during one full evening. You will work better if you take time off for relaxation. 31ÂÊ ^[03°­ ºóÄ­ Ãß·Ð ©ç À¯Çü ¼Ò°³ * ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» ³í¸®ÀûÀ¸·Î Ãß·ÐÇÏ¿© ºóÄ­À» ¿Ï¼ºÇÏ´Â ´É·ÂÀ» ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ´Â À¯ÇüÀ¸·Î, ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¡´Â ³»¿ëÀº ±ÛÀÇ Çٽɾ Á᫐ ¼ÒÀçÀÎ °æ¿ì°¡ ¸¹´Ù. * ÁÖÁ¦³ª ¿äÁö¸¦ Ãß·ÐÇÏ´Â À¯Çü°ú ÁÖÁ¦¸¦ ¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î ¼¼ºÎ ³»¿ëÀ» Ãß·ÐÇϰųª °á·ÐÀ» µµÃâÇÏ´Â À¯ÇüÀ¸·Î ³ª´¶´Ù. º»¹®ÀÇ ¾î±¸¿¡ Á÷Á¢ ¸í½ÃµÇÁö´Â ¾ÊÁö¸¸ º»¹®ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú À¯»çÇÑ ³»¿ëÀ» ¼±ÅÃÁö¿¡ °ñ°í·ç »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ÇØ°á ¹æ¹ý * ¼±ÅÃÁö¸¦ ¸ÕÀú ÀÐ¾î º¸°í ±Û¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ë·«ÀÇ ÃßÃøÀ» ÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀ» ºü¸£°Ô ÀÐÀ¸¸é¼­ ¼±ÅÃÁö °¡¿îµ¥ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» ¿ä¾àÇϰųª ÁÖÁ¦¸¦ Ç¥ÇöÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ÀÖ´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇØ º»´Ù. * Àü¹ÝºÎÀÇ ºóÄ­Àº ÁÖ·Î ÁÖÁ¦³ª ¿äÁö°¡ Á¦½ÃµÇ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ¸¹À¸¸ç, ÈĹݺÎÀÇ ºóÄ­Àº ±Û¿¡¼­ ½Ã»çÇÏ´Â ¹Ù¸¦ ¹¯´Â °æ¿ìµµ ÀÖ´Ù. * ±Û¿¡¼­ Á¦½ÃµÇ°Å³ª Á¦½ÃµÈ °Í°ú À¯»çÇÑ ¾îÈÖ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ¼±ÅÃÁö°¡ Á¦½ÃµÇÁö¸¸ ¼±ÅÃÁö¸¸ Àаí ÃßÃøÇÏ¿© ´äÇÏ¸é ¿À´äÀ» °í¸¦ È®·üÀÌ ³ôÀ¸¹Ç·Î ±ÛÀ» ÀüüÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÐÀº ´ÙÀ½ ÆÇ´ÜÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. * ´ëü·Î µÎ¼¼ ¹®ÀåÀ¸·Î ¿ä¾àµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ³í¸®ÀûÀÎ ±ÛÀÌ Á¦½ÃµÇ¹Ç·Î ±ÛÀ» ÀÐÀ¸¸é¼­ ¿ä¾àÇÏ´Â ½À°üÀ» µé¿© º»´Ù. 32ÂÊ 1. 3-002-076 (2014Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É AÇü 33¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? In all cultures in which eye-gaze behavior has been studied, science confirms that those who are dominant have more ---- in using it. In essence, these individuals are entitled to look wherever they want. However, subordinates are more restricted in where they can look and when. Humility dictates that in the presence of royalty, as in church, heads are bowed. As a general rule, dominants tend to ignore subordinates visually while subordinates tend to gaze at dominant individuals at a distance. In other words, higher-status individuals can be indifferent while lower-status persons are required to be attentive with their gaze. The king is free to look at anyone he wants, but all subjects face the king, even as they back out of a room. * be entitled to: (¡¦ÇÒ) ±ÇÇÑÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù ¨ç anxiety ¨è conflict ¨é freedom ¨ê reluctance ¨ë responsibility 2. 3-002-077 (2014Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É AÇü 34¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? The importance of science has led people to think that ¡®objectivity¡¯ is the best way to see the world--to see the facts without any feelings. However, from a human point of view, objectivity is just another attitude. It is an interpretation that deliberately ignores our feelings. It is very useful to ensure that scientific measurements are taken accurately and so on, but as far as life is concerned, it is a bit like turning the color off on your TV so that you see everything in black and white and then saying that is more truthful. It is not more truthful; it is just a filter that reduces the --------. When you turn down the feelings, you also turn down the possibility of enjoyment. ¨ç richness of life ¨è brutality of humans ¨é size of the TV screen ¨ê incorrectness of a theory ¨ë criticism of scientific findings 33ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 31ÂÊ 3. 3-002-078 (2014Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É BÇü 36¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­ (A), (B)¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? F. Scott Fitzgerald thought that the test of first-rate intelligence was the ability to hold two opposed ideas in mind at the same time and still function. The eons shaped our brains in the (A) ---- direction. Confirmation bias is a term for the way the mind systematically avoids confronting contradiction. It does this by overvaluing evidence that confirms what we already think or feel and undervaluing or simply disregarding evidence that refutes it. Testimony from members of the Crow tribe about the destruction of their culture provides an extreme and tragic example of this. A man named Plenty Coups reported that ¡°when the buffalo went away, the hearts of my people fell to the ground and they could not lift them up again. After this nothing happened.¡± He was not alone in describing the depth of despair as the end of history. ¡°Nothing happened after that,¡± another Crow warrior said. ¡°We just lived.¡± The emotion was so strong that the brain (B) ---- evidence of the continued existence of normal, everyday life that might have eased it. * eon: ¹«ÇÑÈ÷ ±ä ½Ã´ë, ¿µ°Ì (A) (B) ¨ç opposite retained ¨è opposite rejected ¨é wrong validated ¨ê same falsified ¨ë same overlooked 4. 3-002-078 (2014Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò AÇü 34¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Do you remember the childlike joy you felt the last time you found a parking spot at the mall on a crowded day? When you finished shopping, you may have left the spot with a certain hesitation, particularly if someone else was waiting for it. Studies have shown that people take longer to leave a parking spot when another driver is waiting, even though they predict they will not. It's as if the space suddenly becomes more valuable once another person wants it. Strictly speaking, it is no longer valuable to the person leaving it. After all, it seems that our brains are so -------- that once we have been given something, we are hesitant to give it up. ¨ç sensitive to loss ¨è resistant to order ¨é receptive to new ideas ¨ê easily exposed to illness ¨ë reluctant to deal with time 34ÂÊ 5. 3-002-080 (2014Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò AÇü 35¹ø/BÇü 31¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Wood is a material that is widely acknowledged to be environmentally friendly. It has been welcome as an alternative material for a long time in building houses instead of cement or bricks. However, it is not always easy to -------- of one particular material such as wood over another. Many species of tree are now endangered, including mahogany and teak, and deforestation, particularly in tropical rainforests, has had a severe impact both on local communities and on native plants and wildlife. Where wood is harvested and then transported halfway across the globe, the associated energy costs are high, causing a negative impact on the environment. What is more, where wood is treated with chemicals to improve fire- and pest-resistance, its healthful properties are compromised. * mahogany: ¸¶È£°¡´Ï(Àû°¥»ö ¿­´ë»ê ¸ñÀç) ¨ç increase the inherent resistance ¨è favor the chemical properties ¨é dominate the natural habitats ¨ê evaluate the relative merits ¨ë deny the cost advantage 6. 3-002-081 (2014Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò AÇü 36¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Human farmers and their domesticated plants and animals made a grand bargain, though the farmers did not realize it at the time. Consider maize. Domestication made it dependent on man. But its association with humans also carried maize far beyond its origins as a little-known Mexican grass, so that it is now one of the most widely planted crops on earth. From mankind's point of view, meanwhile, the domestication of maize made available an abundant new source of food. But its cultivation (like that of other plants) prompted people to adopt a new lifestyle based on farming. Is man taking advantage of maize for his own purposes, or is maize taking advantage of man? Domestication, it seems, is --------. * maize: ¿Á¼ö¼ö ¨ç a pain in the neck ¨è an unfair sacrifice ¨é a two-way street ¨ê a request for help ¨ë a zero-sum game 35ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 32ÂÊ 7. 3-002-082 (2014Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò BÇü 32¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? So often, we get caught up in the minutiae of our jobs--tedious annoyances and struggles that may be temporary roadblocks but feel more like concrete mountains. While there's plenty of research that shows that people who work with the muscles above their neck create all kinds of stresses for themselves, it's the people who focus on the why of their jobs (as opposed to the what and the how) who can manage the day-to-day problems more easily. That is, if you can define the purpose of your career or feel passionate about the mission of your company, you can much more easily handle the occasional server maintenance that disrupts your in-box. The flip side is that if you're working in any area (or company) that doesn't align with your own value, all the little stuff --------. * minutiae: »ó¼¼, ¼¼¸ñ, »ç¼ÒÇÑ Á¡ ¨ç focuses on the why, belittling the what and the how ¨è liberates you from the prison of daily routines ¨é snowballs into a big ball of daily disasters ¨ê paves your way to climb up the corporate ladder ¨ë illuminates the true value of what you have to do 3-002-083 8. (2014Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò BÇü 36¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­ (A), (B)¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? After making a choice, the decision ultimately changes our estimated pleasure, enhancing the expected pleasure from the selected option and decreasing the expected pleasure from the rejected option. If we were not inclined to (A) ---- the value of our options rapidly so that they concur with our choices, we would likely second-guess ourselves to the point of insanity. We would ask ourselves again and again whether we should have chosen Greece over Thailand, the toaster over the coffee maker, and Jenny over Michele. Consistently second-guessing ourselves would interfere with our daily functioning and promote a negative effect. We would feel anxious and confused, regretful and sad. Have we done the right thing? Should we change our mind? These thoughts would result in a permanent halt. We would find ourselves--literally--stuck, overcome by (B) ---- and unable to move forward. On the other hand, reevaluating our alternatives after making a decision increases our commitment to the action taken and keeps us moving forward. (A) (B) ¨ç disregard indecision ¨è disregard decision ¨é disclose decision ¨ê update prejudice ¨ë update indecision 36ÂÊ 9. 3-002-084 (2014Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò AÇü 34¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? It is known that people are extremely limited in the amount of information that they can process at any given time. A common metaphor in early theories of attention is the concept of a bottleneck. This metaphor is especially appealing because it matches our understanding about attention. The narrow neck of a bottle restricts the flow into or out of the bottle. This kind of flow in the narrow passageway is similar to the way people process information. In other words, this bottleneck limits the ---- of information to which we can pay attention. Thus, when one message is currently flowing through a bottleneck, the other messages must be left behind. * metaphor: ÀºÀ¯ ¨ç value ¨è sources ¨é quantity ¨ê reliability ¨ë familiarity 10. 3-002-085 (2014Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò AÇü 35¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Many people have pointed out that personal responsibility can often be --------. Consider how often you¡¯ve passed someone who is pulled over on the side of the road with car trouble. It is easy to justify your failure to help by telling yourself someone else will stop. Corporations add another layer of complication to the story of reduced personal responsibility in group settings because corporations are set up to assign legal responsibility to the corporation itself instead of to its members. There are other complex organizations in which the individual members are often not sure of their impact or power to bring about change. In this kind of culture, ¡°someone else will do it¡± is a common excuse. ¨ç lost in groups ¨è easily recognized ¨é decreased by stress ¨ê strengthened by law ¨ë shaped at an early age 37ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 34ÂÊ 11. 3-002-086 (2014Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò BÇü 32¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? The Rust Belt is notorious for its poor air quality. For decades, coal plants, steel production, and auto emissions have pumped particulates like sulfate into the atmosphere over the eastern U.S. Especially before air quality laws began appearing in the 1970s, particulate pollution was behind acid rain, respiratory disease, and ozone depletion. But a new study from Harvard University suggests that the Rust Belt's thick particulate fog may have helped slow down the effects of climate change, particularly when it was thickest. Throughout the 20th century, global temperatures have gone up by just under one degree Celsius. But in the U.S., eastern and central states haven't seen the same rise. In fact, temperatures there actually decreased over the same period. The reason seems to be particulate pollution. Instead of trapping warm air in the atmosphere like carbon dioxide, fine particles like sulfate reflect the sun's light and heat. They may even group with watery cloud droplets, which do the same thing. The effect is --------. * particulate: ºÐÁø, ¹Ì¸³ ¹°Áú ¨ç an accumulation of carbon dioxide ¨è a net cooling across entire regions ¨é a steep acceleration of global warming ¨ê a significant improvement in air quality ¨ë a slow but steady increase in temperatures 12. 3-002-087 (2014Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò BÇü 34¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? The so-called Mozart effect--listening to Mozart will make your child smarter--is a good example of -------- by the media through hype not warranted by the research. It all started when researchers reported that after exposure to a selection of Mozart's music, college students showed an increase in spatial reasoning for about 10 minutes on tasks like putting together pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. Note first that the research was done on college students, not infants, and that the effect was very brief. In addition, no one's been able to replicate the research. The increase in spatial reasoning, it turns out, can be generated by any auditory stimulation (e.g., listening to a short story or other types of music) that keeps people alert while being tested. However, none of this has stopped eager parents--spurred on by fantastic claims from unethical companies--from purchasing Mozart CDs for their babies. * hype: °ú´ë ±¤°í(¼±Àü) ¨ç the bond between parents and children exaggerated ¨è a genuine scientific innovation being discarded ¨é a scientific finding being distorted ¨ê the correlation between reasoning and music being rejected ¨ë the convergence of music and physiology made possible 38ÂÊ 13. 3-002-088 (2014Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò BÇü 36¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­ (A), (B)¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? When a company comes out with a new product, its competitors typically go on the defensive, doing whatever they can to (A) ---- the odds that the offering will eat into their sales. Responses might include increasing marketing efforts, offering discounts to channel partners, and even lobbying for regulations that would hinder the rival's expansion. In many cases, though, such actions are misguided. Although the conventional wisdom that a rival's launch will hurt profits is often correct, my research shows that companies sometimes see profits increase after a rival's launch. The underlying mechanism is pretty simple: When a company comes out with a new product, it often raises the prices of its existing products. This might be designed to make the new product look (B) ---- and thus more attractive by comparison. As that company adjusts its pricing, its competitors can do the same without risking customer defections over price. * defection: ÀÌÅ» (A) (B) ¨ç calculate exceptional ¨è calculate more striking ¨é eliminate more upgraded ¨ê reduce up-to-date ¨ë reduce cheaper 14. 3-002-089 (2014Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É ¿¹ºñ½ÃÇà AÇü 34¹ø/BÇü 31¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? A good place for business leaders to start the process of building trust is by becoming more ---- to their employees. Getting out of the office and mixing with employees is a simple solution to a very common trust problem. In organizational improvement workshops, we often ask, ¡°What is the single greatest barrier to improving communication and trust between you and your manager?¡± In many cases, the first response is, ¡°I never see her. She's always in a meeting.¡± The employees cannot develop a perception of trust with higher-ups when some don't even know what they look like. If leaders seldom come out of the office, choosing to communicate through email instead, they are no longer a part of that organization. ¨ç similar ¨è visible ¨é frank ¨ê grateful ¨ë subjective 39ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 36ÂÊ 15. 3-002-090 (2014Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É ¿¹ºñ½ÃÇà AÇü 35¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Rejecting a new idea is a normal reaction. Unfortunately, by doing so, you not only close off that avenue for exploration, but also step on the other person's ego. Nobody enjoys having their ideas squashed, so this person is likely to react defensively. You risk getting into a sort of ¡®idea-killing¡¯ argument. To stop this from happening, you need to take a deep breath and --------. If someone offers an idea to which you feel hostile, build on it by deliberately looking for three good things that you can say about it, before you allow yourself to say anything negative. If your supporting comments outweigh the critical ones, the other person will feel reassured that you're considering their idea and is likely to be more receptive to what you say. ¨ç keep changing your pace ¨è satisfy the group's needs ¨é discover your weakest points ¨ê look on the positive side ¨ë make up your future plans 16. 3-002-091 (2014Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É ¿¹ºñ½ÃÇà BÇü 32¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? There is a long and honorable history of procrastination to suggest that many ideas and decisions may well improve if postponed. It is something of a truism that to put off making a decision is itself a decision. The parliamentary process is essentially a system of delay and deliberation. So, for that matter, is the creation of a great painting, or an entr^4,15^e, or a book, or a building like Blenheim Palace, which took the Duke of Marlborough's architects and laborers 15 years to construct. In the process, the design can mellow and marinate. Indeed, ---- can be the assassin of elegance. As T.H. White, author of Sword in the Stone, once wrote, time ¡°is not meant to be devoured in an hour or a day, but to be consumed delicately and gradually and without haste.¡± In other words, what you don't necessarily have to do today, by all means put off until tomorrow. * truism: ÀÚ¸íÇÑ ÀÌÄ¡ ¨ç hurry ¨è caution ¨é complexity ¨ê imitation ¨ë system 40ÂÊ 17. 3-002-092 (2013Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 23¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? To say that we need to curb anger and our negative thoughts and emotions does not mean that we should deny our feelings. There is an important distinction to be made between denial and restraint. The latter constitutes a deliberate and voluntarily adopted discipline based on an appreciation of the benefits of doing so. This is very different from the case of someone who suppresses emotions such as anger out of a feeling that they need to present a facade of self-control, or out of fear of what others may think. Such behaviour is like closing a wound which is still infected. We are not talking about rule-following. Where denial and suppression occur, there comes the danger that in doing so the individual -------- anger and resentment. The trouble here is that at some future point they may find they cannot contain these feelings any longer. * facade: Ç¥¸é, °Ñ ¨ç fades out ¨è copes with ¨é stores up ¨ê soothes ¨ë overestimates 18. 3-002-093 (2013Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 24¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Have you ever heard anyone say of a dog, ¡°Well, he's very successful and lives in a beautiful house, but he's not very happy¡±? One reason most dogs are much happier than most people is that dogs aren't affected by external circumstances the way we are. I notice that even when it's pouring rain outside, my dogs, Blue and Celeste, are still excited to go for a walk. As soon as I open the front door to look outside, they're beside me in a flash, standing expectantly, ready for an adventure. I usually wait for a break in the downpour, and then we all dash out together. The fact that the ground is wet and there are mud puddles dotting the landscape --------. While I¡¯m carefully picking my way around the wet spots, the dogs are joyfully splashing right through them. They aren't afraid to get their paws dirty. ¨ç motivates us to take a shorter walk ¨è stirs great excitement in me ¨é puts the dogs in trouble ¨ê means nothing to the dogs ¨ë makes me want to wander around 41ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 37ÂÊ 19. 3-002-094 (2013Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 28¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? To describe what happens to common resources as a result of human greed, Garrett Hardin used the example of an area of pasture on which all the cattle-owners are permitted to graze their animals free of charge. Each cattle-owner seeks to (A) ---- his gain and in doing so considers the relative advantage and disadvantage of adding one more animal to the herd. The advantage is that the cattle-owner receives the whole of the profit from the sale of the additional animal. The disadvantage is that the extra grazing contributes to the deterioration of the pasture. However, the disadvantage is shared among all the cattle-owners using the pasture, so the individual owner suffers only a fraction of the disadvantage. Consequently, the advantage is bound to (B) ---- the disadvantage. Thus, it is inevitable that more and more animals will be brought onto the pasture until overgrazing totally destroys the pasture. (A) (B) ¨ç maximize equal ¨è distribute diminish ¨é maximize exceed ¨ê distribute outweigh ¨ë maximize minimize 20. 3-002-095 (2013Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 24¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? When we behave irrationally, our behavior usually seems reasonable to us. When challenged, the mind says (to itself), ¡°Why are these people giving me a hard time? I¡¯m just doing what makes sense. Any reasonable person would see that!¡± In short, we naturally think that our thinking is fully justified. As far as we can tell, we are only doing what is right and proper and reasonable. Any fleeting thoughts suggesting that we might be at fault typically are ---- by more powerful self-justifying thoughts: ¡°I don't mean any harm. I¡¯m just! I¡¯m fair! It's the others who are wrong!¡± It is important to recognize this nature of the human mind as its natural state. In other words, humans don't have to learn self-justifying, self-serving, self-deceptive thinking and behavior. These patterns are innate in every one of us. ¨ç spread ¨è unveiled ¨é fortified ¨ê overcome ¨ë authorized 42ÂÊ 21. 3-002-096 (2013Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 25¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? At some point, these days, a parent realizes his or her child is tending left. The parent panics. Will the child be made fun of? Struggle with writing? Be left out? In the past, the parent would have done everything possible to exorcise the tendency. Today, more and more parents shrug their shoulders, saying it's okay, maybe even something special. Or their attempts to discourage it are milder. This is not an isolated reaction. It's part of the larger trend toward --------. From giving children extra time to develop into kindergarteners to accommodating their vegetarian appetites, parents today are taking their cues from children, rather than the other way around. Left-handedness is just the tip of the iceberg--in today's world, parenting is about letting your child develop into his or her own person, not about trying to stamp him or her into a mold of conformity. * exorcise: ¸ô¾Æ³»´Ù ¨ç neglecting, rather than enhancing, personal traits ¨è celebrating, rather than suppressing, individuality in kids ¨é abandoning, rather than administering, parental supervision ¨ê analyzing, rather than overlooking, their child's mischief ¨ë advocating, rather than blaming, early education 22. 3-002-097 (2013Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 29¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? One day as he walked through the streets of London, Thomas Hobbes, the seventeenth-century philosopher, came upon an old, sickly man who was begging for money. Hobbes, his heart touched, immediately gave the man a generous offering. When asked by a friend if he would have done the same had there been no religious dictum or philosophical principle about helping the needy, Hobbes replied that he would. His explanation: he felt some (A) ---- himself when he saw the man's misery, and so just as giving money to the man would relieve some of the man's suffering, it ¡°does also ease me.¡± This tale suggests that we have a bit of self-interest in relieving the misery of others. One school of modern economic theory, following Hobbes, argues that people give to charities in part because of the (B) ---- they get from imagining either the relief of those they benefit or their own relief from alleviating their sympathetic distress. * alleviate: ¿ÏÈ­½ÃÅ°´Ù (A) (B) ¨ç pain pleasure ¨è contempt respect ¨é doubt trust ¨ê humility dignity ¨ë hostility friendliness 43ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 39ÂÊ 23. 3-002-098 (2013Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 24¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? The sun is slowly getting brighter as its core contracts and heats up. In a billion years it will be about 10 percent brighter than today, heating the planet to an uncomfortable degree. Water evaporating from the oceans may set off a runaway greenhouse effect that turns Earth into a damp version of Venus, wrapped permanently in a thick, white blanket of cloud. Or the transformation may take some time and be more gentle, with an increasingly hot and cloudy atmosphere able to shelter microbial life for some time. Either way, water will escape into the stratosphere and be broken down by UV light into oxygen and hydrogen. Oxygen will be left in the stratosphere--perhaps misleading aliens into thinking the planet is still inhabited--while the hydrogen is light enough to escape into space. So our water will gradually --------. * microbial: ¹Ì»ý¹°ÀÇ¡¡ * stratosphere: ¼ºÃþ±Ç ¨ç leak away ¨è be frozen ¨é flow over ¨ê get polluted ¨ë accumulate 24. 3-002-099 (2013Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 25¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Imagine a child playing on the beach below a cliff. He finds a cave, and full of excitement, goes in. Suddenly fear seizes him. In the deep dark of the cave, he cannot see the way ahead. What is frightening him is the sense of the unknown stretching into the black distance. Worries can be like this. Our anxiety is not about something specific, but more of a sense that unknown and uncertain possibilities may be out of sight far ahead. We can stop these worries from growing. A powerful torch or flashlight could have shown the child the limits of the cave. We can -------- by asking: ¡°What is the worst that can happen?¡± More often than not, the worst that we fear is much less terrible than our vague, unarticulated fear. Once we know the worst, we can face it directly and work out more sensibly what to do. ¨ç hide our fears ¨è increase our uncertainties ¨é place limits on our worries ¨ê share specific worries with others ¨ë differentiate reality from the ideal 44ÂÊ 25. 3-002-100 (2013Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 29¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­ (A), (B)¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? The greatest errors in judging a person are made by his parents; this is a fact, but how is one to explain it? Do the parents have too much experience of the child, and can they no longer compose it into a unity? We notice that travelers in a strange land grasp correctly the common, distinctive traits of a people only in the first period of their stay; the more they get to know a people, the more they (A) ---- how to see what is typical and distinctive about it. As soon as they see up close, they stop being farsighted. Might parents judge their children wrongly because they have never stood far enough off from them? A quite different explanation would be the following: people tend to stop thinking about things that are closest to them, and simply (B) ---- them. When parents are required to judge their children, it is perhaps their customary thoughtlessness that makes them judge so mistakenly. (A) (B) ¨ç forget accept ¨è learn ignore ¨é seek conceal ¨ê neglect analyze ¨ë understand embrace 26. 3-002-101 (2012Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 25¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? What you do in the 15 to 30 minutes after eating your evening meal sends powerful signals to your metabolism. You'll set the stage for more vigor throughout the evening hours along with a weight-loss benefit if you stay ---- after your meal. Among many possible activities, walking is one of the easiest ways to get some minutes of exercise after a meal. In fact, research shows that if you walk after a meal, you may burn 15 percent more calories than if you walk the same time, distance, and intensity on an empty stomach. ¨ç active ¨è alone ¨é full ¨ê satisfied ¨ë silent 27. 3-002-102 (2012Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 27¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? The truth is that everyone has a story. Every person we meet has a story that can, in some way, inform us and help us as we live the story of our own lives. When we acknowledge this truth and begin to look at others as --------, we open ourselves up to new possibilities in our lives. In reality, the people who are most different from us probably have the most to teach us. The more we surround ourselves with people who are the same as we are, who hold the same views, and who share the same values, the greater the likelihood that we will shrink as human beings rather than grow. ¨ç rivals competing against us ¨è reliable guidelines for conformity ¨é potential sources of valuable information ¨ê members of the same interest group ¨ë attentive listeners of our life stories 45ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 40ÂÊ 28. 3-002-103 (2012Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 28¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Although there are numerous explanations for the fall of the Roman empire, the deeper cause lies in the declining fertility of its soil and the decrease in agricultural yields. Italy was densely forested at the beginning of Roman rule. By the end of the Roman Imperium, however, Italy had been stripped of forest cover. The timber was sold on the open market and the soil converted to crops and pastureland. The cleared soil was rich in minerals and nutrients and provided substantial production yields. Unfortunately, deforestation left the soil exposed to harsh weather. Wind blew across the barren landscapes and water ran down from the mountaintops and slopes, taking the soil with them. Overgrazing of livestock resulted in further deterioration of the soil. Consequently, Rome's -------- could not provide sufficient energy to maintain its infrastructure and the welfare of its citizens. ¨ç dense forests ¨è climate changes ¨é irrigation system ¨ê declining population ¨ë agricultural production 29. 3-002-104 (2012Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 29¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? The identical claim, expressed in two social contexts, may have different qualifiers. When talking among friends, you might say, ¡°Luc^4,15^ is the world's finest restaurant.¡± When speaking to a group of French chefs, you might find yourself saying, ¡°Luc^4,15^ is an excellent restaurant, comparable to some of the best in France.¡± Why did you say it differently? Perhaps because you expected a different critical scrutiny in the two groups. Maybe because your -------- was strong enough for friends but not as strong among the most knowledgeable. In each instance, you communicated the extent to which you wanted to qualify your claim, to guard yourself by restricting the extent to which you are willing to be held accountable for the claim. ¨ç desire to win friendship ¨è confidence in the claim ¨é appetite for French cuisine ¨ê support for others' opinions ¨ë suspicion of popular beliefs 30. 3-002-105 (2012Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 24¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Science is making the future, and nations are busy making future scientists. The more science that emerges from this investment, the greater the need for us to follow the gist of the science with sufficient understanding. In other words, if we the ordinary people are to keep pace with science, we need more science writers, and more science writing that is clear, wise and eloquent, and that demands to be read. People often feel excluded from science, convinced that it takes an advanced degree to understand what scientists do. As a result, they defensively shrug off the whole business as an exclusive realm of little relevance to their lives. One of the surest cures for scientific ---- is great scientific literature, writing that does not merely translate technical terms into plain English or explain complicated ideas simply. ¨ç intolerance ¨è immorality ¨é illiteracy ¨ê irregularity ¨ë manipulation 46ÂÊ 31. 3-002-106 (2012Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 26¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Consumers of different age groups obviously have very different needs and wants. Although people who belong to the same age group differ in many other ways, they do tend to share a set of values and common cultural experiences that they carry throughout life. In some cases, marketers initially develop a product to attract one age group and then try to --------. That is what the high-octane energy drink Reddox does. The company aggressively introduced it in bars, nightclubs, and gyms to the product's core audience of young people. Over time, it became popular in other contexts, and the company began to sponsor the PGA European Tour to expand its reach to older golfers. It also hands out free cans to commuters, cab drivers, and car rental agencies to promote the drink as a way to stay alert on the road. ¨ç raise its retail price ¨è broaden its appeal later on ¨é upgrade it for other age groups ¨ê increase demand by limiting supply ¨ë create a positive image via the mass media 32. 3-002-107 (2012Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 29¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­ (A), (B)¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Like an artist who pursues both enduring excellence and shocking creativity, great companies foster a (A) ---- between continuity and change. On the one hand, they adhere to the principles that produced success in the first place, yet on the other hand, they continually evolve, modifying their approach with creative improvements and intelligent adaptation. But the point here is not as simple as ¡°some companies failed because they did not change.¡± Companies that change constantly but without any consistent rationale will (B) ---- just as surely as those that change not at all. There is nothing inherently wrong with adhering to specific practices and strategies. But you should comprehend the underlying why behind those practices, and thereby see when to keep them and when to change them. (A) (B) ¨ç tension collapse ¨è tension prosper ¨é balance flourish ¨ê divergence succeed ¨ë divergence perish 47ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 43ÂÊ 33. 3-002-108 (2012Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 24¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? The wrapping of Christmas presents, William Waits notes, is a fairly recent phenomenon in American life. It arose at the turn of the 20th century, during a period when hand-made presents were giving way to machine-made, store-bought ones. For both givers and manufacturers, this shift presented a problem, for the machine-made items, precisely because they were convenient, represented less of the giver's personal attention than the hand-made items had done; thus they were symbolically less intimate. To disguise this loss of symbolic value, and to invest the manufactured items with a personal touch, retailers encouraged shoppers to have their purchases gift-wrapped. Gift-wrapping, in Waits's acute term, became a ¡®decontaminating mechanism¡¯ that removed the presents from the ¡®normal flow of bought-and-sold goods¡¯ and made them, for a single ceremonial moment, emblems of ---- rather than commerce. * emblem: »ó¡ ¨ç intimacy ¨è disguise ¨é generosity ¨ê convenience ¨ë encouragement 34. 3-002-109 (2012Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 25¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Some people tend to be late as a general rule, whether they are busy or not. To stop being late, all one has to do is change the motivation by deciding that in all circumstances being on time is going to have first priority over any other consideration. Presto! You will never have to run for a plane or miss an appointment again. As a lifelong latecomer, that is how I cured myself. Having made the decision that ---- was now of major importance, I found that answers came automatically to such questions as ¡°Can I squeeze in one more errand before the dentist?¡± or ¡°Do I have to leave for the airport now?¡± The answers are always no, and yes. Choosing to be on time will make your life enormously easier, and that of your family, friends, and colleagues as well. ¨ç harmony ¨è precision ¨é promptness ¨ê consistency ¨ë thriftiness 48ÂÊ 35. 3-002-110 (2012Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 27¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Some people believe that -------- is some kind of instinct, developed because it benefits our species in some way. At first, this seems like a strange idea: Darwin's theories of evolution presume that individuals should act to preserve their own interests, not those of the species as a whole. But the British evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins believes that natural selection has given us the ability to feel pity for someone who is suffering. When humans lived in small clan-based groups, a person in need would be a relative or someone who could pay you back a good turn later, so taking pity on others could benefit you in the long run. Modern societies are much less close-knit and when we see a heartfelt appeal for charity, chances are we may never even meet the person who is suffering--but the emotion of pity is still in our genes. ¨ç not wanting to suffer ¨è giving to charity ¨é drawing pity from others ¨ê exploring alternatives ¨ë pursuing individual interests 36. 3-002-111 (2012Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 29¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­ (A), (B)¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? When you are picking out products in the grocery store, searching for the best possible strawberry jam, you are trying to maximize your own enjoyment. You are the only person that matters; it is your sense of pleasure that you are trying to please. In this case, (A) ---- is the ideal strategy. You should listen to those cells in the brain that tell you what you really want. However, when you are making a moral decision, this egocentric strategy backfires. Moral decisions require taking other people into account. You cannot act like a greedy brute or let your anger get out of control. Doing the right thing means thinking about (B) ----, using the emotional brain to mirror the emotions of strangers. Selfishness needs to be balanced by some selflessness. * backfire: ¿ªÈ¿°ú¸¦ ³º´Ù (A) (B) ¨ç selflessness your neighbors ¨è selflessness utmost justice ¨é self-esteem genuine happiness ¨ê selfishness eternal beauty ¨ë selfishness everybody else 49ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 44ÂÊ 37. 3-002-112 (2011Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 24¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? In a classic set of studies over a ten-year period, biologist Gerald Wilkinson found that, when vampire bats return to their communal nests from a successful night's foraging, they frequently vomit blood and share it with other nest-mates, including even non-relatives. The reason, it turns out, is that blood-sharing greatly improves each bat's chances of survival. A bat that fails to feed for two nights is likely to die. Wilkinson showed that the blood donors are typically sharing their surpluses and, in so doing, are saving unsuccessful foragers that are close to starvation. So the costs are relatively low and the benefits are relatively high. Since no bat can be certain of success on any given night, it is likely that the donor will itself eventually need help from some nest-mate. In effect, the vampire bats have created a kind of --------. * forage: ¸ÔÀ̸¦ ã¾Æ´Ù´Ï´Ù ¨ç complex social hierarchy ¨è ecological diversity ¨é mutual insurance system ¨ê parasitic relationship ¨ë effective reproduction process 38. 3-002-113 (2011Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 25¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Errors and failures typically corrupt all human designs. Indeed, the failure of a single component of your car's engine could force you to call for a tow truck. Similarly, a tiny wiring error in your computer's circuits can mean throwing the whole computer out. Natural systems are different, though. Throughout Earth's history, an estimated 3 million to 100 million species have disappeared, which means that this year somewhere between three and a hundred species will vanish. However, such natural extinctions appear to cause little harm. Over millions of years the ecosystem has developed an amazing ---- to errors and failures, surviving even such drastic events as the impact of the Yucatan meteorite, which killed tens of thousands of species. * meteorite: ¿î¼® ¨ç connection ¨è intolerance ¨é insensitivity ¨ê accessibility ¨ë subjectivity 50ÂÊ 39. 3-002-114 (2011Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 26¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Unlike deviance in other settings, deviance in sports often involves -------- norms and expectations. For example, most North Americans see playing football as a positive activity. Young men are encouraged to ¡®be all they can be¡¯ as football players and to live by slogans such as ¡°There is no ¡®I¡¯ in t-e-a-m.¡± They are encouraged to increase their weight and strength, so that they can play more effectively and contribute to the success of their teams. When young men go too far in their acceptance of expectations to become bigger and stronger, when they are so committed to playing football and improving their skills on the field that they use muscle-building drugs, they become deviant. This type of ¡®overdoing-it-deviance¡¯ is dangerous, but it is grounded in completely different social dynamics from the dynamics that occur in the ¡®antisocial deviance¡¯ enacted by alienated young people who reject commonly accepted rules and expectations. ¨ç a disciplined control of the desire to avoid ¨è wasted efforts and resources in establishing ¨é ambitious attempts to get independent of and free from ¨ê a traditional approach of matching slogans and mottos with ¨ë an unquestioned acceptance of and extreme conformity to 40. 3-002-115 (2011Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 23¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? The ultimate power is the power to get people to do as you wish. When you can do this without having to force people or hurt them, when they willingly grant you what you desire, then your power is untouchable. The best way to achieve this position is to create a relationship of dependence. The master requires your services; he is weak, or unable to function without you; you have involved yourself in his work so deeply that doing away with you would bring him great difficulty, or at least would mean valuable time lost in training another to replace you. Once such a relationship is established, you have the upper hand to make the master do as you wish. It is the classic case of the servant of the king who actually ---- the king. ¨ç controls ¨è avoids ¨é admires ¨ê rescues ¨ë entertains 51ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 46ÂÊ 41. 3-002-116 (2011Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 24¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? If you were a butterfly, would you be attracted to a more colorful flower or a less colorful one? Most of you would probably prefer the more colorful option. The same is true for pollinators such as bees and butterflies. For years, biologists have known that flowers use striking colors, scents, elaborately shaped petals, and nectar to attract pollinators. Recent studies, however, reveal another powerful tool of attraction used by flowers: --------. Scientists have discovered that mobile flowers are visited more often by pollinating insects than their more static counterparts. It is almost as if the flowers are waving to the insects, saying, ¡°Welcome. Come here and have a drink.¡± Along with this interesting finding, scientists have also concluded that, due to their greater range of motion, flowers with long, thin stalks attract more insects. * pollinator: ²É°¡·ç ¸Å°³ÀÚ ¨ç moving in the wind ¨è fancy color scheme ¨é unique tasting nectar ¨ê having deep roots ¨ë receiving vocal messages 42. 3-002-117 (2011Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 25¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? A brilliant friend of mine once told me, ¡°When you suddenly see a problem, something happens that you have the answer--before you are able to put it into words. It is all done subconsciously. This has happened many times to me.¡± This feeling of knowing -------- is common. The French philosopher and mathematician Blaise Pascal is famous for saying, ¡°The heart has its reasons that reason cannot know.¡± The great nineteenth-century mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss also admitted that intuition often led him to ideas he could not immediately prove. He said, ¡°I have had my results for a long time; but I do not yet know how I am to arrive at them.¡± Fittingly so, sometimes true genius simply cannot be put into words. ¨ç the meaning of the feelings in your heart ¨è without being able to say how one knows ¨é the way others solve the problems they face ¨ê how to use the right words to persuade others ¨ë someone that you have never met before in your life 43. 3-002-118 (2010Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 24¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? In this modern world, people are not used to living with discomfort. We expect immediate results and satisfaction. We want answers faster than they can be delivered. There is twenty-four-hour repair and round-the-clock shopping. If we are hungry, there is always food available, from microwave dinners to all-night grocery stores and restaurants. People no longer know how to wait, or even what waiting means. It is nice to have what you want when you want it, but the ability to delay satisfaction is important. ---- is clearly an important virtue, yet so many people stand in front of their microwaves thinking ¡°Hurry up!¡± ¨ç Ambition ¨è Patience ¨é Honesty ¨ê Modesty ¨ë Diligence 52ÂÊ 44. 3-002-119 (2010Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 25¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? The goal of medicine as it is currently practiced is to develop procedures and drugs that work equally well on all patients, regardless of gender, age, or genetics. It derives from the prevalent belief that all of us are similar bio-mechanical units that rolled off the same assembly line--a most imperfect conception of human beings that limits conventional medicine's effectiveness. The doctor of the future, however, needs to practice medicine in fundamentally different ways. One of the most important shifts will be an increased recognition of ----, a concept now largely ignored. Instead of treating different patients that display similar symptoms with the same drugs, doctors should identify root causes of disease to come up with a personalized treatment. ¨ç group therapy ¨è patient individuality ¨é medical technology ¨ê doctors' qualifications ¨ë wonder drugs 45. 3-002-120 (2010Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 26¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? For the most part, we like things that are familiar to us. To prove the point to yourself, try a little experiment. Get the negative of an old photograph that shows a front view of your face and have it developed into a pair of pictures--one that shows you as you actually look and one that shows a reverse image so that the right and left sides of your face are interchanged. Now decide which version of your face you like better and ask a good friend to make the choice, too. If you are like most people, you should notice something odd: Your friend will prefer the true print, but you will prefer the reverse image. Why? Because you both will be responding favorably to the more familiar face--your friend to -------- and you to the reversed one you find in the mirror every day. * negative: (»çÁø) ¿øÆÇ ¨ç his own true face ¨è other people's faces ¨é the one the world sees ¨ê the negative of his own face ¨ë the one more recently photographed 46. 3-002-121 (2010Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 24¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Furniture is among the oldest engineering structures designed to carry a rather well-defined load under rather well-defined circumstances. We are not surprised that furniture used beyond its intended purpose is broken, and we readily blame the child who abuses the furniture rather than the designer of the furniture or the furniture itself when it is abused. Thus a chair must support a person in a sitting position, but it might not be expected to survive a fall from a tall building. A child's bed might be expected to support a sleeping child, but it would not necessarily be considered badly designed if it collapsed under the child's wild use of it as a trampoline. The arms and legs of chairs, the heads and feet of beds, just like those of the people whom they serve, cannot be expected to be ---- without limit. * trampoline: (µµ¾à¿ë) ³îÀÌ ±â±¸ ¨ç comfortable ¨è expensive ¨é beautiful ¨ê strong ¨ë heavy 53ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 48ÂÊ 47. 3-002-122 (2010Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 25¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? A vendor in a city set up shop and sold doughnuts and coffee to passersby. During the breakfast and lunch hours, he always had long lines of customers waiting. He noticed that, as he was a one-man show, the biggest bottleneck preventing him from selling more doughnuts and coffee was the disproportionate amount of time it took to make change for his customers. Finally, he simply put a small basket on the side of his stand filled with dollar bills and coins. Most customers responded by being completely honest, often leaving him larger-than-normal tips. Also, he was able to move customers through at twice the pace because he did not have to make change. In addition, he found that his customers liked this idea and kept coming back. By -------- in this way, he was able to double his sales. ¨ç refusing change ¨è extending trust ¨é using a new recipe ¨ê distributing samples ¨ë making tips obligatory 48. 3-002-123 (2010Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 26¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Few things hold people back more than --------. They do not ask for what they need because the answer may be no. They do not ask their boss for a raise or for more time off. They are afraid to be the first to say, ¡°I love you.¡± They do not ask for help from people they do not know well. In short, they do not let their wants and needs be known because they are afraid of being turned away. But the wonderful truth is this: If you can accept NO for an answer, you can fearlessly ask for whatever you need. It is also true that you will not receive if you do not ask. So do not be afraid to ask! You may be surprised at the number of people willing to help. ¨ç the fear of rejection ¨è the loss of patience ¨é the shortage of time ¨ê the lack of knowledge ¨ë the excess of curiosity 49. 3-002-124 (2010Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 23¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? We push down our feelings because most of us have been brought up to believe that there are feelings which are unacceptable. Some of us learned that all emotions are unacceptable, while others learned that specific emotions such as anger or crying are unacceptable. In fact, there is absolutely nothing wrong with any kind of feeling. When someone tells you not to feel sad or angry, he or she is asking the impossible. You can deny the feelings you are having but you cannot stop them from coming. All that feelings need, in order to pass, is to be acknowledged and accepted. Just saying to yourself or someone else, ¡®I feel angry¡¯ (or sad, or frightened) is a great start. Let yourself ---- the feelings, good or bad. ¨ç deny ¨è hide ¨é respect ¨ê choose ¨ë distinguish 54ÂÊ 50. 3-002-125 (2010Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 24¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Human beings direct their activities toward the satisfaction of physical wants and general well-being. They avoid, whenever possible, situations that may bring about physical deprivation, including pain, hunger, and a need for sleep. Much contemporary advertising promises these satisfactions, whether from headache remedies, fancy foods, or form-fitting mattresses. An individual can suffer any of these deprivations temporarily, however, and he may knowingly enter into situations which will deprive him for a time if he believes that there will be --------. The willingness of astronauts to undergo periods of intense training is at least partially explainable in terms of the great rest that they know will come at the end of their missions. ¨ç creative advertising ¨è physical contact ¨é ultimate satisfaction ¨ê emotional imbalance ¨ë mental illness 51. 3-002-126 (2009Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 24¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? While the fine art object is valued because it is unique, it is also valued because it can be reproduced for --------. For example, Van Gogh's paintings have been reproduced endlessly on posters, postcards, coffee mugs, and T-shirts. Ordinary consumers can own a copy of the highly valued originals. Therefore, the value of the original results not only from its uniqueness but from its being the source from which reproductions are made. The manufacturers who produce art reproductions and the consumers who purchase and display them give value to the work of art by making it available to many people as an item of popular culture. ¨ç art education ¨è artists' imagination ¨é cultural diversity ¨ê scholarly research ¨ë popular consumption 52. 3-002-127 (2009Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 27¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? When faced with things that are too big to sense, we comprehend them by --------. The first appearance of a shining star in a darkening evening sky can take you out into the universe if you combine what you see with the twin facts that the star is merely one of the closest of the galaxy's 200 billion stars and that its light began traveling decades ago. The smell of gasoline going into a car's tank during a refueling stop, when combined with the fact that each day nearly a billion gallons of crude oil are refined and used in the United States, can allow our imagination to spread outward into the vast global network of energy trade and politics. * crude oil: ¿øÀ¯ ¨ç establishing the local network ¨è understanding the energy policy of a nation ¨é comparing the universe with human beings ¨ê associating the objects with their names ¨ë adding knowledge to the experience 55ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 50ÂÊ 53. 3-002-128 (2009Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 23¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? To watch a play is to step into a world that seems far removed from electronic beeping and ringing. Of course, this is assuming that theatergoers remember to turn off their cell phones. At a theater in Goyang, however, stage managers have been begging the audience to leave their phones on. During the performance, everybody is expected to take out their mobiles, call into a computer, and using their keypads, direct the movements of puzzle pieces on the screen behind the stage. At some point, an ordinary housewife appears on the screen, connected from her kitchen via the Internet, and interacts with actors on the stage in real time. The 50-minute production combines -------- with live actors, audiences, and the stage. ¨ç the latest digital technology ¨è the best historical theory ¨é the oldest theatrical history ¨ê the most ordinary housework ¨ë the most important information 54. 3-002-129 (2009Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 26¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? We are self-centered interpreters of all incoming information. At any given moment, we may note only one aspect of a current flow of information, depending on our view of ourselves, our attention, and our emotional state in a specific situation. Later, we may note still other aspects of a similar flow of information. Then, when an attempt to recall the second moment is confused with the memory of the original moment, our brain starts to create a tale to take in different aspects of both the original situation and the second moment. We suddenly confuse the two episodes, as we begin to put the two sets of events into some kind of memory mixture. Alas, -------- are an ideal, not a reality of the human condition. ¨ç peaceful feelings ¨è various characters ¨é strong motivations ¨ê accurate memories ¨ë mixed emotions 55. 3-002-130 (2009Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 24¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Magicians are honest deceivers. To investigate the secret used by magicians to fool their audiences, Jastrow worked with two great illusionists. He invited these performers to his laboratory and had them participate in a range of tests measuring their speed of movement and accuracy of finger motion. But Jastrow's results revealed little out of the ordinary. He demonstrated magic has little to do with fast movements. Instead, magicians use a range of ---- weapons to fool their audiences. The technique of suggestion, which captures people's minds, plays a key role in the process. In the same way that people can be made to believe that they once went on a non-existent trip in a hot-air balloon, so magicians have to be able to manipulate people's perception of per-formance. ¨ç ethical ¨è political ¨é physical ¨ê economic ¨ë psychological 56ÂÊ 56. 3-002-131 (2009Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 25¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? In traditional societies, high status may have been extremely hard to acquire, but it was also comfortingly hard to lose. It was as difficult to stop being a lord as, more darkly, it was to cease being a servant. What mattered was one's identity at birth, rather than anything one might achieve in one's lifetime through the exercise of one's abilities. The great aspiration of modern societies, however, has been to reverse this equation--to strip away both inherited privilege and inherited under-privilege in order to make rank dependent on individual achievement. Status in the current society rarely depends on -------- handed down through the generations. ¨ç immediate insight ¨è learned behavior ¨é an unchangeable identity ¨ê available information ¨ë a personal accomplishment 57. 3-002-132 (2009Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 26¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? I enjoy shopping at FW Whole Foods nearly as much as I enjoy browsing a good bookstore. It's the inspiring expressions that elevate the food into a more exciting experience, one with artistic, emotional, and even political dimensions. On a recent visit I filled my shopping cart with eggs ¡°from cage-free vegetarian hens,¡± milk from cows that live ¡°free from unnecessary fear,¡± and tomatoes from HSR Farm, ¡°one of the early pioneers of the organic movement.¡± In this regard, shopping at FW Whole Foods is a --------. Indeed, every time I shop in FW Whole Foods, I think that this is a place where the skills of a literary critic might come in handy--perhaps also a journalist's. ¨ç boring chore ¨è literary experience ¨é traditional custom ¨ê competitive activity ¨ë depressing event 58. 3-002-133 (2008Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 24¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? A clean sheet of paper is lying in front of you, and you have to fill it up. Suddenly, your mind may seem as blank as the paper. What can you do to set your pen in motion? The answer is simple: Don't be caught in the ---- trap. That is, if you can convince yourself that the first draft isn't your best writing and can be made more effective with additional thought and some revision, then it will be easier to get started. When starting, don't worry about what the reader will think about what you have written. Make writing as easy for you as you can by not being concerned with how good the first draft is. There will be time for revising and polishing any ideas you want to pursue later. ¨ç perfection ¨è copyright ¨é relativism ¨ê destruction ¨ë imitation 57ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 52ÂÊ 59. 3-002-134 (2008Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 25¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? When people began to bind books with pages that could be turned rather than unrolled like papyrus, the process of -------- changed. Now the reader could easily move backward in the text to find a previously read passage or browse between widely separated sections of the same work. With one technological change, cross-referencing became possible, while the physical space needed to house a collection of books was sharply reduced. Page numbers became a possibility, as did indexes; tables of contents became workable references. * papyrus: ÆÄÇǷ罺 ¨ç abusing technology ¨è locating information ¨é eliminating documents ¨ê spelling words ¨ë creating characters 60. 3-002-135 (2008Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 24¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Often the best form of communication with friends is, surprisingly, ----. Friendship is not only about what we say, but even more importantly about what we do not. True friendship occurs when ¡®information¡¯ is conveyed by absences of words. The point is to convey as much as possible indirectly, ¡®between the lines.¡¯ The reason such ¡®negative¡¯ communication is important is that it requires a greater closeness than positive communication. The greater the distance between sender and receiver, the more the need for directness. Only when two or more people share an enormous amount can the much more economical negative communication take place. ¨ç silence ¨è sincerity ¨é negotiation ¨ê honesty ¨ë courage 61. 3-002-136 (2008Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 26¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Michel de Montaigne, the sixteenth-century French essayist, loved conversation. ¡°To my taste,¡± he says, ¡°the most fruitful and natural exercise of our mind is conversation. I find the practice of it the most delightful activity in our lives.¡± According to Montaigne, ¡°studying books is a weak mental activity, while conversation provides teaching and exercise all at once.¡± Montaigne thinks of conversation as -------- that will improve his mind. ¡°If I am fighting with a strong and solid opponent, he will attack me; his ideas send mine soaring. Rivalry, competitiveness and glory will drive me and raise me above my own level. Our mind is strengthened by contact with dynamic and well-ordered minds.¡± ¨ç a regular meditation ¨è an accidental discovery ¨é an efficient field study ¨ê a psychological disorder ¨ë an intellectual sporting event 58ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 54ÂÊ 62. 3-002-137 (2008Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 24¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Whether you are vacationing in Europe, spending the winter in Florida, or just visiting a friend's house for the weekend, a successful trip depends on good packing. Nothing is more frustrating than arriving at your destination only to realize that you have left behind your toothbrush, pajamas, important medication, or travel documents. Successful packing requires you to remember everything that you normally need in daily life, as well as any special items you will need at your destination. Unfortunately, most of us pack at the last minute, and this kind of stress can interfere with our memories, increasing the chances of our ---- something we might need. ¨ç bringing ¨è improving ¨é achieving ¨ê understanding ¨ë forgetting 63. 3-002-138 (2008Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 26¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? How can I learn to be a manager? A familiar answer to this question is to say that managers learn from experience. But can experience alone be the best way to be a manager? Several writers have expressed their doubts on this matter. Oscar Wilde noted that ¡®experience is the name everyone gives to their mistakes.¡¯ And the historian Froude wrote that ¡®experience teaches slowly and at the cost of mistakes.¡¯ Experience is an essential way of learning to improve but is an ---- instrument. We also need guidance from a good manager who will help us to learn from mistakes and make better use of them in the future. ¨ç ideal ¨è unnecessary ¨é efficient ¨ê innovative ¨ë imperfect 64. 3-002-139 (2008Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 27¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Even a relatively small increase in -------- can make people much happier and lengthen their lives. This was evident when doctors in retirement villages in the United States encouraged residents to decide the details of their daily lives themselves. They were no longer simply presented with their meals, but could choose from a menu. While previously the caretakers watered the plants, the elderly took over this responsibility for themselves. These small changes worked miracles. The senior citizens became ill less frequently, and in interviews expressed greater happiness. Most striking of all, the annual death rate was reduced by half. ¨ç visits to hospitals ¨è satisfaction in workplaces ¨é payment for overtime work ¨ê independence in daily lives ¨ë opportunities to meet others 59ÂÊ ^[04°­ ºóÄ­ Ãß·Ð ©è À¯Çü ¼Ò°³ * ±ÛÀÇ Á¤º¸¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ±ÛÀÇ È帧 ¼Ó¿¡¼­ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ±ä ¾î±¸³ª ÀýÀ» ã¾Æ ±ÛÀ» ¿Ï¼ºÇÏ´Â À¯ÇüÀÌ´Ù. * ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¡´Â ³»¿ëÀº ±ÛÀÇ ¿äÁö³ª °á·Ð¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â °æ¿ìµµ ÀÖ°í, ¶§·Î´Â ÇÊÀÚÀÇ ÁÖÀåÀ» µÞ¹ÞħÇÏ´Â ±Ù°Å¸¦ Á¦½ÃÇϱ⵵ ÇÑ´Ù. * °í³­À̵µ ¹®Ç×ÀÌ ÁýÁßÀûÀ¸·Î ºÐÆ÷ÇÏ¸ç »óÀ§±Ç Çлý »çÀÌ¿¡ º¯º°·ÂÀÌ ³ôÀ¸¹Ç·Î Æò»ó½Ã ÃæºÐÇÑ ÈÆ·ÃÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. ÇØ°á ¹æ¹ý * ±ä ¼±ÅÃÁö°¡ Á¦½ÃµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸é ¼±ÅÃÁö¸¦ ¸ÕÀú Àо ½Ã°£À» ³¶ºñÇÏÁö ¸»ÀÚ. ¸ÕÀú ±ÛÀ» ÀÐÀ¸¸é¼­ ±ÛÀÇ ¿äÁö¸¦ ÆľÇÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ¼±ÅÃÁö °¡¿îµ¥ ÇÊÀÚÀÇ ÁÖÀå°ú °ü·ÃÀÌ ¾ø´Â °ÍÀ» Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°í ³ª¸ÓÁö ¼±ÅÃÁö¸¦ ´ëÀÔÇØ º¸¾Æ ±ÛÀÇ È帧¿¡ ÀÚ¿¬½º·¯¿îÁö ÆľÇÇØ º»´Ù. * °³³äÀÌ º¹ÀâÇØ º¸ÀÌ´Â ±ÛÀϼö·Ï ³í¸®ÀûÀÎ È帧ÀÌ ¸íÈ®ÇϹǷΠ´ÜÀÏÇÑ ³í¸®ÀÇ È帧À» ã¾Æ¼­ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»À» °í¸¥´Ù. * ±ÛÀÇ È帧À» Á¾ÇÕÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÌÇØÇÏ´Â ³í¸®Àû »ç°í°¡ ¿ä±¸µÇ¹Ç·Î ¾Õ¿¡¼­ ¾ð±ÞÇÑ ¿¹½Ã³ª ½ÇÇè µîÀ» Á¾ÇÕÇÏ¿© ¾î±¸¸¦ °ñ¶ó¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. * ±Û Áß°£¿¡ ¿ªÁ¢ÀÇ ¿¬°á¾î°¡ ³ª¿À¸é¼­ ±ÛÀÇ È帧ÀÌ ¹Ù²î´Â °æ¿ì´Â ƯÈ÷ ÁÖÀÇÇÏ¿© ÀÐÀ¸¸é¼­ ÇÊÀÚÀÇ ³íÁö¸¦ È®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù. 60ÂÊ 1. 3-002-140 (2014Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É AÇü 35¹ø/BÇü 31¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Sometimes all the outcomes customers are trying to achieve in one area have a negative effect on other outcomes. This is very common when companies are busy listening to the ¡®voice of the customer.¡¯ Traveling salespeople, for example, may say they want a smaller cell phone, but they may not have thought about how hard that tiny phone will be to use. Carpenters may request a lightweight circular saw without thinking about the fact that it will no longer have the power to get through some of the more difficult jobs. When customers make requests for new product features, they are usually focused on solving just one problem and are not thinking of how their requested solution will --------. In this situation, customers request new features but reject the resulting product when they realize the ramifications of their suggestions--the added feature turns out to be worthless because of the problems it causes. * ramification: ÆÄ»ýµÈ ¹®Á¦ ¨ç impact other product or service functions ¨è delay the introduction of innovative products ¨é induce other customers to make additional requests ¨ê bring about excessive competition among companies ¨ë discourage companies from listening to customers' voices 2. 3-002-141 (2014Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É BÇü 32¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? The success of human beings depends crucially on numbers and connections. A few hundred people cannot sustain a sophisticated technology. Recall that Australia was colonized 45,000 years ago by pioneers spreading east from Africa along the shore of Asia. The vanguard of such a migration must have been small in number and must have traveled comparatively light. The chances are they had only a sample of the technology available to their relatives back at the Red Sea crossing. This may explain why Australian aboriginal technology, although it developed and elaborated steadily over the ensuing millennia, was lacking in so many features of the Old World--elastic weapons, for example, such as bows and catapults, were unknown, as were ovens. It was not that they were ¡®primitive¡¯ or that they had mentally regressed; it was that they -------- and did not have a dense enough population and therefore a large enough collective brain to develop them much further. * catapult: Åõ¼®±â ¨ç were too tightly connected to develop new technologies ¨è focused on developing and elaborating elastic weapons ¨é had arrived with only a subset of technologies ¨ê inherited none of their relatives' technologies in Africa ¨ë failed to transfer their technical insights to the Old World 61ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 56ÂÊ 3. 3-002-142 (2014Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É BÇü 33¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Policymaking is seen to be more objective when experts play a large role in the creation and implementation of the policy, and when utilitarian rationality is the dominant value that guides policy. Through the use of the scientific method to determine the facts of any given policy situation, the power of social constructions is supposedly diminished, and solutions to social problems are discovered in an objective way. This process creates an illusion of neutrality and implies a transcendence of the pitfalls and inequalities commonly associated with policymaking. From this perspective, scientists and professionals emerge as the appropriate experts to be consulted in policymaking, while local citizen input and knowledge is often viewed as unnecessary. Scientific and professional policy design does not necessarily escape the pitfalls of degenerative politics. Scientific and professional expertise often relies on a particular type of knowledge that is limited to utility and rationality considerations. This approach to policy typically does not consider values and cultural factors that cannot be measured empirically. Scientifically designed policies can serve interests that run counter to the public interest. They --------. * transcendence: ÃÊ¿ù ¨ç use empirically proven theories to reflect locals' input ¨è do stress cultural values rather than utilitarian ones ¨é may be free from the inequalities of policymaking ¨ê can reinforce unequal and unjust relationships ¨ë reveal objective solutions to social problems 4. 3-002-143 (2014Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É BÇü 34¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Like many errors and biases that seem irrational on the surface, auditory looming turns out, on closer examination, to be pretty smart. Animals like rhesus monkeys have evolved the same bias. This intentional error functions as an advance warning system, manned by the self-protection subself, providing individuals with a margin of safety when they are confronted with potentially dangerous approaching objects. If you spot a rhinoceros or hear an avalanche speeding toward you, auditory looming will motivate you to jump out of the way now rather than wait until the last second. The evolutionary benefits of immediately getting out of the way of approaching dangers were so strong that natural selection endowed us--and other mammals--with brains that --------. Although this kind of bias might inhibit economically rational judgment in laboratory tasks, it leads us to behave in a deeply rational manner in the real world. Being accurate is not always smart. * avalanche: ´«»çÅ ¨ç intentionally see and hear the world inaccurately ¨è are geared to evaluate aural information precisely ¨é deliberately make rational yet ineffective decisions ¨ê prompt us to overlook dangers without thinking rationally ¨ë accurately detect, but irrationally ignore, approaching dangers 62ÂÊ 5. 3-002-145 (2014Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É BÇü 35¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Mathematics will attract those it can attract, but it will do nothing to overcome resistance to science. Science is universal in principle but in practice it speaks to very few. Mathematics may be considered a communication skill of the highest type, frictionless so to speak; and at the opposite pole from mathematics, the fruits of science show the practical benefits of science without the use of words. But those fruits are ambivalent. Science as science does not speak; ideally, all scientific concepts are mathematized when scientists communicate with one another, and when science displays its products to non-scientists it need not, and indeed is not able to, resort to salesmanship. When science speaks to others, it is no longer science, and the scientist becomes or has to hire a publicist who dilutes the exactness of mathematics. In doing so, the scientist reverses his drive toward mathematical exactness in favor of rhetorical vagueness and metaphor, thus --------. ¨ç degrading his ability to use the scientific language needed for good salesmanship ¨è surmounting the barrier to science by associating science with mathematics ¨é inevitably making others who are unskillful in mathematics hostile to science ¨ê neglecting his duty of bridging the gap between science and the public ¨ë violating the code of intellectual conduct that defines him as a scientist 6. 3-002-145 (2014Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò BÇü 33¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? People knowingly or unknowingly will take too much, even though it is not for anyone's collective or long-term good. As Hardin put it, ¡°Freedom in a commons brings ruin to all.¡± Consider a traffic jam on a main road going into any big city. Each person picks that particular road for the logical reason that it's the fastest route. In the beginning, each additional car does not slow the traffic down, as there is enough room on the road for the additional drivers. At some point, however, each car reduces the average speed, and eventually there are so many drivers that the traffic slows to a crawl. All the people seeking to minimize their own driving time add up to a longer commute for everyone. Doing what's rational --------, including you. On a global scale, the same thing can befall environmental issues such as overfished seas and rivers, air pollution, and water scarcity. ¨ç leads to logical consequences for all drivers ¨è is compatible with the maximum benefit of each driver ¨é enhances unselfish interests of each and every commuter ¨ê is not well executed by the unexpected behaviors of some drivers ¨ë results in a negative outcome to the collective interest of all drivers 63ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 58ÂÊ 7. 3-002-146 (2014Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò BÇü 34¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Researchers asked college student volunteers to think through a fantasy version of an experience(looking attractive in a pair of high-heeled shoes, winning an essay contest, or getting an A on a test) and then evaluated the fantasy's effect on the subjects and on how things unfolded in reality. When participants envisioned the most positive outcome, their energy levels, as measured by blood pressure, dropped, and they reported having a worse experience with the actual event than those who had conjured more realistic or even negative visions. To assess subjects' real life experiences, the researchers compared lists of goals that subjects had set for themselves against what they had actually accomplished and also relied on self-reports. ¡°When we fantasize about it--especially when you fantasize something very positive--it's almost like you are actually living it,¡± says one of the study's co-authors. That --------, draining the incentive to ¡°get energized to go and get it,¡± she explains. Subjects may be better off imagining how to surmount obstacles instead of ignoring them. ¨ç prompts you into assessing the real life as it is ¨è turns a rosy dream into an actual accomplishment ¨é renders your goal independent of the fantasy world ¨ê tricks the mind into thinking the goal has been achieved ¨ë deceives your mind into believing obstacles are insurmountable 8. 3-002-147 (2014Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò BÇü 35¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? When confronted by a seemingly simple pointing task, where their desires are put in conflict with outcomes, chimpanzees find it impossible to exhibit subtle self-serving cognitive strategies in the immediate presence of a desired reward. However, such tasks are mastered --------. In one study, chimps were confronted by a simple choice; two plates holding tasty food items were presented, each with a different number of treats. If the chimp pointed to the plate having more treats, it would immediately be given to a fellow chimp in an adjacent cage, and the frustrated subject would receive the smaller amount. After hundreds and hundreds of trials, these chimps could not learn to withhold pointing to the larger reward. However, these same chimps had already been taught the symbolic concept of simple numbers. When those numbers were placed on the plates as a substitute for the actual rewards, the chimps promptly learned to point to the smaller numbers first, thereby obtaining the larger rewards for themselves. ¨ç as immediate rewards replace delayed ones ¨è when an alternative symbol system is employed ¨é if their desires for the larger rewards are satisfied ¨ê when material rewards alternate with symbolic ones ¨ë if the value of the number is proportional to the amount of the reward 64ÂÊ 9. 3-002-148 (2014Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò AÇü 36¹ø/BÇü 31¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Appearance creates the first impression customers have of food, and first impressions are important. No matter how appealing the taste, an unattractive appearance is hard to overlook. As humans, we do ¡°eat with our eyes¡± because our sense of sight is more highly developed than the other senses. The sense of sight is so highly developed in humans that messages received from other senses are often ignored if they conflict with what is seen. Yellow candy is expected to be lemon-flavored, and if it is grape-flavored, many people --------. Strawberry ice cream tinted with red food coloring seems to have a stronger strawberry flavor than one that has no added food coloring, even when there is no real difference. ¨ç cannot correctly identify the flavor ¨è will not favor the grape-flavored candy ¨é can clearly sense the difference in flavor ¨ê will be instantly attracted to the grape flavor ¨ë will enjoy the subtle difference between them 10. 3-002-149 (2014Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò BÇü 33¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Suppose a survivor from an airplane crash with severe injuries struggles for days through the jungle but dies just before reaching a village. It is tempting to think ¡°if only he had managed to walk to the village, he would have been rescued.¡± But suppose you must try to console the victim's relatives. What might you say? Or suppose you wish to defend the rescue team who got as far as the village but no further. Your motivation to console or defend may influence the alternative you imagine. You may decide to emphasize the severity of the victim's injuries and suggest ¡°even if he had managed to walk to the village, he still would have died.¡± Sometimes thoughts about what might have been change an antecedent event (the victim walked to the village) but leave the outcome unchanged (he still died). ¡°Even if¡¦¡± conditionals have been called ¡°semifactual¡± because they combine a counterfactual antecedent and a factual consequence. Imagined semifactual alternatives are intriguing because, unlike other thoughts about what might have been, they suggest that --------. ¨ç the consequence is unimaginable ¨è the antecedent is inevitable ¨é the outcome is inevitable ¨ê the antecedent is unpredictable ¨ë the consequence is unpredictable 65ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 60ÂÊ 11. 3-002-150 (2014Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò BÇü 35¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? As the structures of our world and the conditions of certainty have yielded to an avalanche of change, the extent of our longing for stable, definitive leadership --------. The fault lies not with leadership but rather with ourselves and our expectations. In the old days, leaders were supposed to make sense of chaos, to make certainty out of doubt, and to create positive action plans for the resolution of paradoxes. Good leaders straightened things out. Should chaos rear its ugly head, the leader was expected to restore normality immediately. But chaos is now considered normal, paradoxes cannot be resolved, and certainty is possible only to the level of high probability. Leadership that attempts to deliver in terms of fixing any of these can only fail. And that is exactly what is happening. * an avalanche of: ¸¹Àº, ¼âµµÇÏ´Â ¨ç can only be measured by our will to establish it ¨è has made traditional leadership more irreplaceable ¨é can create viable action plans for restoring normality ¨ê has vastly reduced the probability of resolving paradoxes ¨ë has been exceeded only by the impossibility of finding it 12. 3-002-151 (2014Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É ¿¹ºñ½ÃÇà AÇü 36¹ø/BÇü 33¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? During the hundreds of millions of years that plants have been living on our planet, they have become amazingly self-sufficient. In addition to establishing a useful relationship with the sun, plants have learned --------. When plants die, they seem to just fall on the ground and rot, getting eaten by many bugs and worms. However, researchers were shocked to discover that dead plants get consumed only by particular bacteria and fungi. Plants know how to attract to their own rotting only those microorganisms and earthworms that will produce beneficial minerals for the soil where the plants' siblings will grow. One way plants attract particular microorganisms into their soil is by concentrating more sugars in their roots. Thus roots such as carrots and potatoes are always much sweeter than the rest of the plant. Apparently, the quality of the soil is critically important, not only as a source of water and minerals for plants but for their very survival. ¨ç to extend their lifespan ¨è to grow their own soil ¨é to consume microorganisms ¨ê to survive attacks of bacteria ¨ë to keep the environment clean 66ÂÊ 13. 3-002-152 (2014Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É ¿¹ºñ½ÃÇà BÇü 34¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? As they try to maneuver through times of guilt and austerity, marketers seek tactics that they hope will overcome consumers' guilt and negative self-regard--and will as a result revive consumption. New research on consumer behavior suggests that an effective tactic can be to acknowledge consumers' unconscious attempts --------. Research has shown that people engage in compensatory behavior when their self-image deviates from its standard level. In other words, when a person's self-image dips, the individual tries to compensate for this negative self-regard by, for example, refraining from purchasing or consuming a guilty pleasure. If, on the other hand, a person's self-image rises above its standard level, the individual is inclined to give in to behaviors that are otherwise associated with feelings of guilt. * austerity: ³»ÇÌ, ±äÃà ¨ç to minimize their guilty pleasure ¨è to balance their self-image ¨é to feel financially stable ¨ê to avoid criticism from others ¨ë to reveal their negative self-regard 14. 3-002-153 (2014Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É ¿¹ºñ½ÃÇà BÇü 35¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? One time a person on my team came to me with a problem she was having at work. As she explained her struggles and feelings, I tried to figure out what exactly was bothering her. Her emotions were soon clear to me--or at least I thought they were clear--as she began to cry. I went around the desk to give her a hug and reassure her, thinking that was what she wanted and needed from me. But I had gotten the situation all wrong. She absolutely recoiled. She wasn't sad. She was angry. She didn't want me to do anything other than listen and acknowledge the truth of the matter. She went on to tell me the issues that were causing her grief. I had to wait and let her tell me what she meant. True listening is --------. ¨ç bridging the gap between different viewpoints ¨è simulating the speaker's emotions and feelings ¨é working together to build a lasting relationship ¨ê showing how you feel toward the people around you ¨ë creating a space for people to tell you what they mean 67ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 62ÂÊ 15. 3-002-154 (2014Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É ¿¹ºñ½ÃÇà BÇü 36¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? In my mind, we do not invent laws in mathematics and science, but rather we discover them. --------. I believe that mathematical laws go beyond us and our physical reality. The statement ¡°3 + 1 = 8¡± is false. Was the statement false before the discovery of integers? I believe it was. Numbers and mathematics exist whether humans know about them or not. Martin Gardner once stated this idea as: ¡°If two dinosaurs met two other dinosaurs in a clearing, there would be four of them even though the animals would be too stupid to know that.¡± In other words, four dinosaurs are now in the clearing, whether or not humans are around to appreciate this fact. * integer: Á¤¼ö ¨ç They are subject to changes and modifications ¨è They have an existence independent from us ¨é Most of them originated from numbers ¨ê They are key to learning basic calculation ¨ë Logical investigations give them true meaning 16. 3-002-155 (2013Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 25¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? In Belding's ground squirrels, males leave home and females mature in their natal area. This male-biased dispersal creates an imbalance in the way males and females are related to those individuals around them--females find themselves surrounded by relatives, while males are generally in areas with complete strangers. This asymmetry translates into females who warn close kin by emitting alarm calls, while males generally do not emit calls since their dispersal from their natal areas means their blood kin typically do not benefit from such a warning. Further support for the kinship-based alarm-calling hypothesis includes Sherman's finding that in the rare instances when females do move away from their natal groups and into groups with far fewer relatives, they --------. ¨ç end up acquiring the alarm calls of the new group ¨è make constant attempts to bring their blood kin along ¨é display a tendency to become more active and cooperative ¨ê emit alarm calls less frequently than do native females ¨ë adopt a more elaborate defense mechanism than alarm calls 68ÂÊ 17. 3-002-156 (2013Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 26¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? By likening the eye to a camera, elementary biology textbooks help to produce a misleading impression of what perception entails. Only in terms of the physics of image formation do the eye and camera have anything in common. Both eye and camera have a lens that focuses light rays from the outside world into an image, and both have a means of adjusting the focus and brightness of that image. Both eye and camera have a light-sensitive layer onto which the image is cast (the retina and film, respectively). However, image formation is only the first step towards seeing. -------- obscure the much more fundamental difference between the two, which is that the camera merely records an image, whereas the visual system interprets it. ¨ç Apparent differences in the focusing power of a lens ¨è Superficial analogies between the eye and a camera ¨é Contrasts in light adaptation between the retina and film ¨ê Misunderstandings of image formation in the eye and a camera ¨ë Close relationships between image formation and interpretation 18. 3-002-157 (2013Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 27¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Recent evidence suggests that the common ancestor of Neanderthals and modern people, living about 400,000 years ago, may have already been using pretty sophisticated language. If language is based on genes and is the key to cultural evolution, and Neanderthals had language, then why did the Neanderthal toolkit show so little cultural change? Moreover, genes would undoubtedly have changed during the human revolution after 200,000 years ago, but more in response to new habits than as causes of them. At an earlier date, cooking selected mutations for smaller guts and mouths, rather than vice versa. At a later date, milk drinking selected for mutations for retaining lactose digestion into adulthood in people of western European and East African descent. --------. The appeal to a genetic change driving evolution gets gene-culture co-evolution backwards: it is a top-down explanation for a bottom-up process. ¨ç Genetic evolution is the mother of new habits ¨è Every gene is the architect of its own mutation ¨é The cultural horse comes before the genetic cart ¨ê The linguistic shovel paves the way for a cultural road ¨ë When the cultural cat is away, the genetic mice will play 69ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 63ÂÊ 19. 3-002-158 (2013Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 26¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? It is a common misconception among many musicians and non-musicians alike that --------. This is not surprising as it is natural to associate music with the sounds that create the melody, rather than with the quiet spaces between the notes. Because rests are silent, people often misinterpret these empty spaces as unimportant. But, imagine what would happen if a song was made up of only notes, and no rests. Aside from the fact that the ¡°rests would be history¡± (pun intended), there would be a wall of sound with no reference point or discernible backbone to the music. This is because the spaces between the sounds provide a baseline and contrast for the piece, and give music structure and texture. In fact, it is a common saying among experienced musicians that a full measure of rest can hold more music than a full measure of blistering notes. ¨ç notes are more important than rests ¨è rests provide a direct reference point to music ¨é silence is no less meaningful than sound in music ¨ê melody is nothing more than a collection of sounds ¨ë structure and texture are the most crucial aspects of music 20. 3-002-159 (2013Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 27¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Cost estimates follow from time estimates simply by multiplying the hours required by the required labor rates. Beware of --------. For example, one major company has a policy that requires the following personnel in order to remove an electric motor: a tinsmith to remove the cover, an electrician to disconnect the electrical supply, a millwright to unbolt the mounts, and one or more laborers to remove the motor from its mount. That situation is fraught with inefficiency and high labor costs, since all four trades must be scheduled together, with at least three people watching while the fourth is at work. The cost will be at least four times what it could be and is often greater if one of the trades does not show up on time. * fraught: ~À¸·Î °¡µæ Âù ¨ç inefficiency caused by poor working conditions ¨è difficulty in financing high labor costs in business ¨é differences in labor skills when working in groups ¨ê coordination problems where multiple crafts are involved ¨ë mismatch between personnel and equipment in production 70ÂÊ 21. 3-002-160 (2013Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 28¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Guys lost on unfamiliar streets often avoid asking for directions from locals. We try to tough it out with map and compass. Admitting being lost feels like admitting stupidity. This is a stereotype, but it has a large grain of truth. It's also a good metaphor for a big overlooked problem in the human sciences. We're trying to find our way around the dark continent of human nature. We scientists are being paid to be the bus-driving tour guides for the rest of humanity. They expect us to know our way around the human mind, but we don't. So we try to fake it, without asking the locals for directions. We try to find our way from first principles of geography (¡®theory¡¯), and from maps of our own making (¡®empirical research¡¯). The roadside is crowded with locals, and their brains are crowded with local knowledge, but we are too arrogant and embarrassed to ask the way. So we drive around in circles, -------- about where to find the scenic vistas that would entertain and enlighten the tourists. ¨ç waiting for the local brains to inquire ¨è accumulating and examining the locals' knowledge ¨é going against the findings of our empirical research ¨ê relying on passengers' knowledge and experience ¨ë inventing and rejecting successive hypotheses 22. 3-002-161 (2013Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 26¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? People have found many ways to reduce stress or control their responses to it. Possibilities include special breathing routines, exercise, meditation, and distraction, as well as trying to deal with the problem that caused the stress. Social support is one of the most powerful methods of coping with stress, and researchers have demonstrated its effectiveness by brain measurements as well as people's self-reports. In one study, happily married women were given moderately painful shocks to their ankles. On various trials, they held the hand of their husband, a man they did not know, or no one. Holding the husband's hand reduced the response in several brain areas. Holding the hand of an unknown man reduced the response a little, on the average, but not as much as holding the husband's hand. In short, as expected, brain responses correspond to people's self-reports that --------. ¨ç holding hands makes them feel friendlier ¨è exercise and meditation lessen ankle pain ¨é stimulating the brain induces happier feelings ¨ê what matters the most is how to measure stress ¨ë social support from a loved one helps reduce stress 71ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 65ÂÊ 23. 3-002-162 (2013Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 27¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Lifeline infrastructures are vital systems that support a nation's economy and quality of life. Modern economies rely on the ability to move goods, people, and information safely and reliably. Adding to their importance is that many of the lifeline systems serve vital roles in disaster recovery. Consequently, it is of the utmost importance to government, business, and the public at large that the flow of services provided by a nation's infrastructure continues unimpeded in the face of a broad range of natural and technological hazards. The linkage between systems and services is critical to any discussion of infrastructure. Although it is the performance of the hardware (i.e., the highways, pipes, and transmission lines) that is of immediate concern following an earthquake, it is actually the loss of services that these systems provide that is the real loss to the public. Therefore, a high priority in protecting these systems from hazards is ensuring --------. ¨ç an early alarm system for economic crises ¨è the durability and stability of transmission lines ¨é the continuity, or at least the rapid restoration, of service ¨ê a prompt mobilization of experts for disaster control ¨ë the maintenance and expansion of lifeline systems 24. 3-002-163 (2013Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 28¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Essentially the same structural forms of politics can nevertheless take on very different ¡°flavors.¡± For example, a dictatorship can, in theory, be brutal or benevolent; anarchy can, in theory, consist of ¡°mutual aid¡± or a ¡°war of all against all¡± that proceeds in the absence of any rule of law whatsoever; democracies can and typically are distinguished in terms of the extent to which they are socially oriented as opposed to individualistically oriented. Thus, whatever our answer to the ¡°What is the best structural form of politics?¡± question, we still want to know what ¡°flavor¡± this structural form of politics ought to have since --------. Indeed, this is precisely why we vote within a democratic structure: to determine the ¡°flavor¡± we want that democratic structure to have. ¨ç voters ultimately determine a political structure ¨è political structures, in fact, outweigh political ¡°flavors¡± ¨é the best structural form of politics is not easy to determine ¨ê political structure, by itself, does not determine political content ¨ë each structural form of politics must be valued independently 72ÂÊ 25. 3-002-164 (2012Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 26¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Interestingly, people are more overconfident when they feel like they have control of the outcome--even when this is clearly not the case. For example, it is documented that if people are asked to bet on whether a coin toss is heads or tails, most bet larger amounts if the coin is yet to be tossed. If the coin is tossed and the outcome is concealed, people will offer lower amounts when asked for bets. People act as if --------. In this case, control of the outcome is clearly an illusion. This perception occurs in investing, as well. Even without information, people believe the stocks they own will perform better than stocks they do not own. However, ownership of a stock only gives the illusion of having control of the performance of the stock. ¨ç the amount of the bet will influence the outcome ¨è their involvement will somehow affect the outcome of the toss ¨é there is a parallel between a coin toss and stock investments ¨ê their illusion will not disappear even after the coin is tossed ¨ë they can predict the outcome with credible information 26. 3-002-165 (2012Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 30¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Often in social scientific practice, even where evidence is used, it is not used in the correct way for adequate scientific testing. In much of social science, evidence is used only to affirm a particular theory--to search for the positive instances that uphold it. But these are easy to find and lead to the familiar dilemma in the social sciences where we have two conflicting theories, each of which can claim positive empirical evidence in its support but which come to opposite conclusions. How should we decide between them? Here the scientific use of evidence may help. For what is distinctive about science is the search for negative instances--the search for ways to falsify a theory, rather than to confirm it. The real power of scientific testability is negative, not positive. Testing allows us not merely to confirm our theories but to --------. ¨ç ignore the evidence against them ¨è falsify them by using positive empirical evidence ¨é intensify the argument between conflicting theories ¨ê weed out those that do not fit the evidence ¨ë reject those that lack negative instances 73ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 67ÂÊ 27. 3-002-166 (2012Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 25¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? --------. If I assign fifty students a five-page essay on the subject of why the Roman Empire fell, most of them are likely to say it was a combination of economic and social causes ultimately leading to a weakening of the frontiers. This would be a fine answer, but after reading forty-five papers all saying the same thing, I¡¯m ready for a change. If you can take a different angle from the rest of the class in a paper, you're more likely to impress your professors. But here's the tricky part--being different is risky, and it only works if you back up your argument very well. If you choose to argue that Rome fell solely because Christianity weakened the fighting spirit of the Romans, you will need persuasive reasoning and arguments against any potential objections. ¨ç Variety is the spice of life ¨è The essence of writing is in its brevity ¨é Don't fix what is not broken ¨ê The pen is mightier than the sword ¨ë Rome was not built in a day 28. 3-002-167 (2012Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 27¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? is aggravated by the overabundance of information at our disposal. While this is obvious enough in some realms--for example, consider how much information is potentially relevant for estimating the value of Microsoft stock--even when the information set seems less cluttered, information overload, a state of confusion and decision avoidance, can still occur. In one experiment, shoppers in a supermarket were presented with free samples of jams and jellies. In the first treatment, a small selection was available for tasting; in the second, a large selection was available. While everyone likes the idea of abundant choice, and indeed the table with the greater selection attracted larger crowds, it was the table with fewer samples that led to the most sales. The likely reason is that the large selection led to information overload, the feeling that the decision was too complicated for immediate action. ¨ç Difficulty in assessing information ¨è The shortage of trustworthy informants ¨é Mental fatigue caused by misleading information ¨ê Indeterminacy arising from indirect information ¨ë The complexity of altering consumer behavior 74ÂÊ 29. 3-002-168 (2012Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 28¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? The essence of science is to uncover patterns and regularities in nature by finding algorithmic compressions of observations. But the raw data of observation rarely exhibit explicit regularities. Instead we find that nature's order is hidden from us, it is written in code. To make progress in science we need to crack the cosmic code, to dig beneath the raw data and uncover the hidden order. I often liken fundamental science to doing a crossword puzzle. Experiment and observation provide us with clues, but the clues are cryptic, and require some considerable ingenuity to solve. With each new solution, --------. As with a crossword, so with the physical universe, we find that the solutions to independent clues link together in a consistent and supportive way to form a coherent unity, so that the more clues we solve, the easier we find it to fill in the missing features. * cryptic: ºñ¹Ð½º·¯¿î ¨ç the depth of scientific experiments keeps us in awe ¨è we glimpse a bit more of the overall pattern of nature ¨é the code-breaking process becomes increasingly mysterious ¨ê the regularity of nature is revealed in its entirety to the observer ¨ë we crack the cosmic codes one by one, replacing an old solution with the new one 30. 3-002-169 (2012Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 26¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? The hazards of migration range from storms to starvation, but they are outweighed by the advantages to be found in the temporary superabundance of food in the summer home. The process of evolution ensures that a species migrates only if it pays it to do so. Birds of the same species may be migratory in one area, but sedentary elsewhere. Most song thrushes migrate from northern Scotland; but in the south of England, the balance of advantage against disadvantage is so delicate that while some migrate to Spain and Portugal, the majority normally -------- over winter. Moreover, England's winters have been getting warmer since the late 1980's and if the trend continues it is likely that our song thrushes will become increasingly sedentary. * sedentary: ÀÌÁÖÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â * thrush: (Á¶·ù) °³¶ËÁöºü±Í ¨ç suffer from a scarcity of food ¨è do not lay eggs ¨é stay in England ¨ê fly back to Scotland ¨ë migrate somewhere north of England 75ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 68ÂÊ 31. 3-002-170 (2012Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 28¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Essentially, your reputation is your most valuable asset--so guard it well. But do not be terribly demoralized if you make some mistakes along the way. With time it is possible to repair a stained reputation. Every experience you have with someone else is like a drop of water falling into a pool. As your experiences with that person grow, the drops accumulate and the pool deepens. Positive interactions are clear drops of water and negative interactions are red drops of water. But they are not equal. That is, --------, and that number differs for different people. Those who are very forgiving only need a few positive experiences--clear drops--to dilute a bad experience, while those who are less forgiving need a lot more to wash away the red. ¨ç a number of clear drops can dry up with time ¨è a drop of red water can lead your life to ruin ¨é a number of water drops can affect your experience ¨ê a number of red drops can accumulate gradually ¨ë a number of clear drops can dilute one red drop 32. 3-002-171 (2011Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 25¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? One of the little understood paradoxes in communication is that the more difficult the word, the shorter the explanation. The more meaning you can pack into a single word, the fewer words are needed to get the idea across. Big words are resented by persons who don't understand them and, of course, very often they are used to confuse and impress rather than clarify. But this is not the fault of language; it is the arrogance of the individual who misuses the tools of communication. The best reason for acquiring a large vocabulary is that --------. A genuinely educated person can express himself tersely and trimly. For example, if you don't know, or use, the word ¡®imbricate,¡¯ you have to say to someone, ¡®having the edges overlapping in a regular arrangement like tiles on a roof, scales on a fish, or sepals on a plant.¡¯ More than 20 words to say what can be said in one. ¨ç it keeps you from being long-winded ¨è you can avoid critical misunderstandings ¨é it enables you to hide your true intentions ¨ê it makes you express yourself more impressively ¨ë you can use an easy word instead of a difficult one 76ÂÊ 33. 3-002-172 (2011Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 26¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? So far as you are wholly concentrated on bringing about a certain result, clearly the quicker and easier it is brought about the better. Your resolve to secure a sufficiency of food for yourself and your family will induce you to spend weary days in tilling the ground and tending livestock; but if Nature provided food and meat in abundance ready for the table, you would thank Nature for sparing you much labor and consider yourself so much the better off. An executed purpose, in short, is a transaction in which the time and energy spent on the execution are balanced against the resulting assets, and the ideal case is one in which --------. Purpose, then, justifies the efforts it exacts only conditionally, by their fruits. ¨ç demand exceeds supply, resulting in greater returns ¨è life becomes fruitful with our endless pursuit of dreams ¨é the time and energy are limitless and assets are abundant ¨ê Nature does not reward those who do not exert efforts ¨ë the former approximates to zero and the latter to infinity 34. 3-002-173 (2011Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 27¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Psychologist Solomon Asch wanted to discover whether people's tendency to agree with their peers was stronger than their tendency toward independent thought and rational judgment. Asch assembled groups of twelve university students and announced that they were taking part in an experiment on visual perception. He showed them three line segments, and asked each one in turn which line was the longest. It was an easy task and the correct answer was obvious. However, Asch had secretly instructed all but the last person in each group, who was the real subject of the experiment, to say that the medium-length line was the longest. As it turned out, over 70 percent of the real subjects -------- and said that the medium-length line was the longest. ¨ç caved in to group pressure ¨è figured out the correct answer ¨é had problems with their vision ¨ê roped the other group members in ¨ë used rational judgment in their decision-making 77ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 70ÂÊ 35. 3-002-174 (2011Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 28¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Journeys are the midwives of thought. Few places are more conducive to internal conversations than a moving plane, ship, or train. There is an almost peculiar correlation between what is in front of our eyes and the thoughts we are able to have in our heads: large thoughts at times requiring large views, new thoughts new places. Introspective reflections which are liable to stall are helped along by the flow of the landscape. The mind -------- when thinking is all it is supposed to do. The task can be as paralyzing as having to tell a joke or mimic an accent on demand. Thinking improves when parts of the mind are given other tasks, are charged with listening to music or following a line of trees. ¨ç may be reluctant to think properly ¨è may focus better on future thoughts ¨é can become confused by multitasking ¨ê is likely to be paralyzed by fear of new tasks ¨ë can be distracted from what is before the eyes 36. 3-002-175 (2011Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 29¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? It is a fundamental mistake to imagine that when we see the non-value in a value or the untruth in a truth, the value or the truth ceases to exist. It has only become relative. Everything human is relative, because everything rests on an inner polarity; for everything is a phenomenon of energy. Energy necessarily depends on a pre-existing polarity, without which there could be no energy. There must always be high and low, hot and cold, etc., so that the equilibrating process--which is energy--can take place. Therefore the tendency to deny all previous values in favor of their opposites is just --------. And in so far as it is a question of rejecting universally accepted and indubitable values, the result is a fatal loss. ¨ç another way of pursuing relativeness in human affairs ¨è as desirable as the tendency to accept all those values ¨é as much of an exaggeration as the earlier onesidedness ¨ê the one and only way of approaching the ultimate truth ¨ë to admit the presence of energy derived from an inner polarity 78ÂÊ 37. 3-002-176 (2011Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 27¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Time pressure leads to frustration, and when we are frustrated or experience other negative emotions, our thinking becomes narrower and less creative. However, people are unaware of this phenomenon and live under the illusion that when they are experiencing time pressure, they are also more creative. This explains why time pressure is pervasive and to some extent accounts for the increase in rates of depression. We are generally too busy trying to squeeze more and more activities into less and less time. Consequently, we fail to enjoy potential sources of happiness that may be all around us. To enjoy the richness that life has to offer, --------. ¨ç we need to take our time ¨è we should maximize our opportunities ¨é we have to deal with depression wisely ¨ê it is necessary to explore some creative ideas ¨ë it is important to embrace even negative emotions 38. 3-002-177 (2011Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 28¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? With no attempt there can be no failure and with no failure no humiliation. So our self-esteem in this world depends entirely on what we back ourselves to be and do. It is determined by the ratio of our actualities to our supposed potentialities. Thus, --------. This illustrates how every rise in our levels of expectation entails a rise in the dangers of humiliation. What we understand to be normal is critical in determining our chances of happiness. It also hints at two ways for raising our self-esteem. On the one hand, we may try to achieve more; and on the other, we may reduce the number of things we want to achieve. The advantages of the latter approach lie in the following statement: To give up pretensions is as blessed a relief as to get them gratified. ¨ç the higher your expectations are, the more you will achieve ¨è self-esteem can be increased by lowering actualities ¨é success divided by pretensions equals self-esteem ¨ê early failures in life may lead to happiness later in life ¨ë more supposed potentialities increase chances of happiness 79ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 72ÂÊ 39. 3-002-178 (2011Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 29¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? For many people ¡®nature¡¯ is defined as a negative: It exists where people do not. Nature lies outside the urban and agricultural realms, in regions of Earth where natural processes are unhindered. Nature is where fallen logs rot and acorns grow, wildfires turn woodlands into meadows, and barrier islands shift with the currents--all without human interference. By extension, this definition suggests that nature is best protected by keeping humans far away, so that it can continue to run itself. But there is a serious problem with this view. If nature is defined as a landscape uninfluenced by humankind, then --------. Prehistoric peoples changed their surrounding ecosystems, whether by installing orchards in the Amazon or by hunting many large mammals to extinction in North America. And modern humans are changing the global environment even more profoundly, whether through planet-wide climate change, or by the worldwide movement of synthetic chemicals through the food chain. ¨ç humans cannot exist without nature ¨è there is no nature on the planet at all ¨é it deserves to be preserved at all costs ¨ê modern people owe much to their ancestors ¨ë humans are at the mercy of the forces of nature 40. 3-002-179 (2011Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 30¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? The most obvious salient feature of moral agents is a capacity for rational thought. This is an uncontested necessary condition for any form of moral agency, since we all accept that people who are incapable of reasoned thought cannot be held morally responsible for their actions. However, if we move beyond this uncontroversial salient feature of moral agents, then the most salient feature of actual flesh-and-blood (as opposed to ridiculously idealized) individual moral agents is surely the fact that every moral agent -------- every moral problem situation. That is, there is no one-size-fits-all answer to the question ¡°What are the basic ways in which moral agents wish to affect others?¡± Rather, moral agents wish to affect ¡®others¡¯ in different ways depending upon who these ¡®others¡¯ are. ¨ç brings multiple perspectives to bear on ¨è seeks an uncontroversial cure-all solution to ¨é follows the inevitable fate of becoming idealized in ¨ê comes with prejudices when assessing the features of ¨ë sacrifices moral values to avoid being held responsible for 80ÂÊ 41. 3-002-180 (2011Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 26¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Researchers have come to understand how the African village weaverbird prevents itself from being taken advantage of by cuckoos--it is all down to the speckles on the eggs. David Lahti and his colleagues have described how village weaverbirds lay eggs which all show a very similar pattern of speckles, suggesting that if a cuckoo laid an egg in the nest, the weaverbird will be able to spot the foreign egg almost immediately. But when the researchers studied two colonies of the birds that had been introduced more than 200 years ago to two islands without any cuckoos, they found that those birds' eggs no longer exhibited the same speckle patterns. In a neat demonstration of the power of evolution, these results show how, in the absence of pressure from parasitic cuckoos, the appearance of the eggs has altered because --------. * speckle: ¾ó·è, ¹ÝÁ¡ * parasitic: ±â»ýÇÏ´Â ¨ç nest building instincts are determined by genetic factors ¨è having a similar pattern is no longer so much of an advantage ¨é invasions by cuckoos have forced the birds to become strong ¨ê adapting to a new environment takes a certain amount of time ¨ë their unique speckle patterns attracted too many enemies 42. 3-002-181 (2011Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 27¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Why don't we think differently more often? The reason is that we do not need to be creative for most of what we do. For example, we do not need to be creative when we are driving on the freeway, or riding in an elevator, or waiting in line at a grocery store. -------- when it comes to the business of living. For most of our activities, these routines are indispensable. Without them, our lives would be in chaos, and we would not get much accomplished. If you got up this morning and started contemplating the shape of your toothbrush or questioning the meaning of toast, you probably would not make it to work. ¨ç We are creatures of habit ¨è Social restrictions do not apply ¨é We pay more attention to safety ¨ê Personal accomplishments do matter ¨ë Creative thinking is highly recommended 81ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 74ÂÊ 43. 3-002-182 (2011Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 28¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? In Chinese food, the idea is that it should be boiling hot, because that is crucial to its flavor, embodied in the phrase wok hei, which means the ¡®breath¡¯ or essence of the combination of tastes added by a hot wok. In 2005 Belgian researchers at Leuven University confirmed just how the link between temperature and taste works. They identified microscopic channels in our taste buds, which seem to respond differently at different temperatures. Apparently, the higher the temperature, the more intense the flavor. This is why --------, which is why ice cream makers add stacks of sugar--as you can tell all too clearly when ice cream melts. In a similar way, some bitter tastes, like tea, taste better when hot because they are more intense. * wok: Áß±¹ ¿ä¸®¿ë ³¿ºñ ¨ç ice cream tastes better when tea flavors are added ¨è ice cream does not taste that sweet straight from the fridge ¨é they serve ice cream for dessert in Chinese restaurants ¨ê it is not recommended to eat ice cream while drinking hot tea ¨ë ice cream tastes sweeter especially in the winter time 44. 3-002-183 (2011Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 29¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Unlike the novel, short story, or play, film is not handy to study; it cannot be effectively frozen on the printed page. The novel and short story are relatively easy to study because they are written to be read. The stage play is slightly more difficult to study because it is written to be performed. But plays are printed, and because they rely heavily on the spoken word, imaginative readers can create at least a pale imitation of the experience they might have watching a performance on stage. This cannot be said of the screenplay, for a film depends greatly on visual and other nonverbal elements that are not easily expressed in writing. The screenplay requires so much filling in by our imagination that we cannot really approximate the experience of a film by reading a screenplay, and reading a screenplay is worthwhile only if we have already seen the film. Thus, most screenplays --------. ¨ç rely more on the spoken word than stage plays ¨è attract a much wider readership than short stories ¨é do share many elements with other literary genres ¨ê are popular though it requires extra effort to study them ¨ë are published not to be read but rather to be remembered 82ÂÊ 45. 3-002-184 (2010Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 27¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? The human auditory system --------. A psychologist named Richard Warren demonstrated this particularly well. He recorded a sentence and cut out a piece of the sentence from the recording tape. He replaced the missing piece with a burst of static of the same duration. Nearly everyone who heard the altered recording could report that they heard both a sentence and static. But a majority of people could not tell where the static was! The auditory system had filled in the missing speech information, so that the sentence seemed uninterrupted. Most people reported that there was static and that it existed apart from the spoken sentence. The static and the sentence formed separate perceptual streams due to differences in the quality of sound that caused them to group separately. * static: ÀâÀ½ ¨ç recognizes incorrect pronunciation ¨è plays an important role in speaking ¨é has its own version of perceptual completion ¨ê reacts differently according to different languages ¨ë analyzes auditory and visual cues at the same time 46. 3-002-185 (2010Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 28¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Not all authors trusted that the theater audience would automatically understand their plays in the intended manner. Thus, they repeatedly attempted to make it clear to their public that visiting the theater was not merely for the purpose of entertainment, but rather to draw lessons from the play offered onstage. It was, therefore, important for the viewer -------- so as to facilitate interpretation of the content. This idea was developed by Bertolt Brecht with his ¡®epic theater,¡¯ which used alienation as a strategy to prevent the identification of the public with the figures of the drama. Through scattered narration and commentary throughout the play, for example, the viewers are invited to take a step back from the performance. In this way, they are given hints to better understand the play while the conclusion is left open so as to leave them to draw their own conclusions. ¨ç to imitate the actor's performance ¨è to learn about the play beforehand ¨é to identify himself with the actors on the stage ¨ê to bridge the gap between himself and the actors ¨ë to create a distance from the actions on the stage 83ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 75ÂÊ 47. 3-002-186 (2010Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 27¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Take a moment to cast your mind back over the past week or so, and think about something you regret. Was it something you did or something you failed to do? It seems that --------. As an example, consider Mary and Laura, who invest their money in companies A and B. Mary invests in company A and considers switching to company B but she decides not to. Laura invests in company B and considers switching to company A and she decides to do so. They both find out that they would have been better off by $1,000 if they had taken different actions. Who do you think feels more regret? Most people judge that Laura will regret her action more than Mary will regret her inaction. ¨ç unplanned actions always give rise to regrets ¨è people regret their actions more than their failures to act ¨é people regret most when their relationship with others suffers ¨ê people feel satisfied when they make their own decisions ¨ë regret makes people take more profitable actions 48. 3-002-187 (2010Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 28¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? The spread of prosperity, the single-family home, the invention of television and computers have all made it possible for us to live private lives unimaginable to previous generations. We no longer live in close quarters with our neighbors, we can move about without crowding into buses or trains; we do not have to go to theaters or share our tastes with our neighbors. However, the same technologies that help separate us from the crowds also make it possible to monitor and record our behaviors. Although fewer people have intimate knowledge of our lives, many people--mostly unknown to us--know something about us. The very technology that was supposed to free us from mass society has turned out to be as much a fishbowl as an information highway. In modern society, we have discovered that --------. ¨ç people cannot use public transportation because of crowding ¨è technology makes us independent from natural environments ¨é more people become indifferent to the spread of prosperity ¨ê cooperating with people leads to wrong conclusions ¨ë being free often means also being naked 84ÂÊ 3-002-188 49 (2010Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 25¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? No matter how we shake or tap the bottle of ketchup, some of it refuses to come out. In some cases, up to 20 percent of the product is left in the packaging when it is thrown out. This is not only annoying for consumers but also poses difficulties when recycling: The leftovers first have to be removed from the packaging, which is expensive, time-consuming, and uses a great deal of water. A German project by the Fraunhofer Institutes, together with Munich University of Technology and various industrial partners, will put an end to this dilemma. Researchers are applying thin films, no more than 20 nanometers thick, to the inside surface of packaging in order to --------. ¨ç keep ketchup fresh ¨è remove tap water ¨é develop nanotechnology ¨ê reduce leftover traces ¨ë increase the price of ketchup 50. 3-002-189 (2010Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 26¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? When we have made an error, as for example in adding up a column of figures, we have a tendency to repeat it again and again. This phenomenon is known as the persistent error. The same thing happens when we try to solve a problem; each time our thoughts take a certain course, that course is more likely to be followed the next time. The reason that we keep making the same error repeatedly is that associations form between the ideas in the chain of thoughts and become firmer each time they are used, until finally the connections are so well established that --------. Thus, once we have adopted an unprofitable line of thought, it is harder to adopt a profitable line. ¨ç the chain is very difficult to break ¨è persistent problems are solved automatically ¨é the ideas lose their associations with one another ¨ê those connections become weaker as time goes by ¨ë the phenomenon will lead to a profitable line of thought 85ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 77ÂÊ 51. 3-002-190 (2010Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 27¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? About three percent of the weight of sea water is accounted for by salt. The salt content of the ocean is being continually added to by runoff from the land, but it is not increasing. Yet salt cannot leave the sea by evaporation because the water vapor leaves it behind. So for many years it was a mystery as to why the sea should --------, given the rate of runoff, and particularly if the world was supposed to be hundreds of millions of years old. The riddle was not solved until the 1970s, when the deep ocean openings were discovered. Sea water is swallowed up by these cracks in the ocean bed; when it reemerges, millions of years later, as steam from volcanoes, the salt has been filtered out of it on its passage through the rocks. ¨ç be so deep and large ¨è create so much runoff ¨é have so little salt in it ¨ê have so many volcanoes ¨ë keep its temperature so steady 52. 3-002-191 (2009Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 25¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? There are some people who believe that no one should be trusted. They usually feel this way because their behavior compels others to lie to them. In other words, they make it difficult for others to tell them the truth because they respond rudely or emotionally to people who tell the truth. If others see how angry, hurt, or hateful you become when they tell you the truth, they will avoid telling it to you at all costs. If you are known as someone who is easily offended, you will never know what others are really thinking or feeling because they will -------- to escape from your negative reaction. If you demand that children tell you the truth and then punish them because it is not very satisfying, you teach them to lie to you to protect themselves. ¨ç protect their children ¨è distort the truth ¨é waste your expenses ¨ê hurt your feelings ¨ë reveal their anger 53. 3-002-192 (2009Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 26¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? One of the main principles I follow when I draw outside is --------. I try to stay away from houses or barns that have unusual angles of the roof, or objects that look incorrect in size, perspective, or design. If the subject is confusing when you look at it, it will be more confusing when you attempt to draw it. I know a beautiful barn where the corners are not at right angles. No matter how many times I have drawn it, the perspective does not look right. If I were to make an accurate drawing of this barn and put it in a show, I¡¯m sure I would get all kinds of criticism for my poor perspective. I would not be there to tell my critics that the barn is actually constructed this way. So, I stay away from subjects that do not look right to me. ¨ç not to select a subject that is too difficult or odd ¨è not to draw any objects that others have drawn ¨é to draw an object with imagination ¨ê to get information from abstract subjects ¨ë to convert inaccurate drawings into accurate ones 86ÂÊ 54. 3-002-193 (2009Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 24¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? When you choose an item among a number of options, the attractive features of the rejected items will decrease the satisfaction derived from the chosen item. This is a very important reason why many options --------. Because we do not put rejected items out of our minds, we experience the disappointment of having our satisfaction with decisions reduced by all the options we considered but did not choose. In light of these negative effects of opportunity cost, which is the cost of the opportunity you lost by making one choice instead of another, we are tempted to ignore opportunity costs altogether in making decisions. ¨ç can be harmful to our well-being ¨è are open to consumer age groups ¨é are handed down through generations ¨ê can be offered by satisfied consumers ¨ë can contribute to the local economy 55. 3-002-194 (2009Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 25¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Excessive consumption of what Chinese Medicine considers to be cold-energy foods and raw foods such as salads, ice-creams, iced drinks, or fruit may weaken the spleen. This idea runs counter to all modern ideas about diet, according to which, by eating raw vegetables and fruit, we can absorb all the vitamins and minerals contained in them. This is true to a certain extent, and moderate consumption of these foods can be beneficial. However, from the Chinese point of view, the spleen likes dryness and warmth in food and dislikes excess of liquids and cold. An excessive consumption of the above foods will be very difficult to digest and may weaken the spleen. Thus, particularly those who have a tendency to spleen problems --------. * spleen: ºñÀå ¨ç should ignore chemical elements in food ¨è need to take more minerals and vegetables ¨é should not take organic foods and vitamin pills ¨ê should not consume raw and cold foods in excess ¨ë need to consume vegetables instead of vitamin pills 87ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 79ÂÊ 56. 3-002-195 (2009Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 27¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Kate and her classmate, Jamie, were the youngest of the winning teams in the Stop Racism National Video Competition in 1998. Their submission depicted children playing at a nursery accompanied by messages such as ¡°Everyone is the same; all these babies are beautiful.¡± Kate says the point of their video was to show that human beings are not genetically coded with racist attitudes. ¡°--------,¡± she explains. And she adds, ¡°The children at the nursery don't say, ¡®I am not playing with you since you're black,¡¯ because they don't really know about racism.¡± According to Kate, education begins with the younger generation. And if they grow up experiencing all sorts of cultures, they have less bias. ¨ç Cultures are very important for winning the competition ¨è Different skin colors give a bad impression to babies ¨é Babies should be taken care of in domestic surroundings ¨ê Children pick up racist ideas from their surroundings as they grow up ¨ë Educational institutes are free from racism due to the government's efforts 57. 3-002-196 (2008Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 26¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? What is the most prevalent and perhaps most important prefix of our times? The answer should be multi, which means ¡®more than one.¡¯ Our modern jobs are increasingly requiring multi-tasking. Our communities are getting multi-cultural. Our entertainment is multi-media. While detailed knowledge of a single area once guaranteed success, today the top rewards go to those who can operate with equal confidence in different realms. Let us call these people boundary crossers. They develop expertise in multiple areas, they speak different languages, and they --------. They live multi-lives because that is more interesting and, nowadays, more effective. * prefix: Á¢µÎ»ç ¨ç consider bilingual speech communities inefficient ¨è are satisfied with their specialty in a single area ¨é find joy in the rich variety of human experience ¨ê avoid areas that require varied expertise ¨ë seek comfort in doing the same task 88ÂÊ 58. 3-002-197 (2008Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 27¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Night diving is obviously less simple than diving during the day, but when properly organized, it is relatively straightforward. A powerful flashlight will easily light your way and the creatures around you, revealing marine life in its true colors. However, if you cover up your flashlight, you will --------. Many creatures use phosphorescence at night, and as you move through the water, you will cause plankton to release tiny pulses of light, leaving beautiful glowing wakes trailing behind you. * phosphorescence: ºûÀ» ¹ßÇÏ´Â Çö»ó ¨ç be surprised at how much light there is underwater ¨è acknowledge the high cost of night diving ¨é find out how dangerous underwater light is ¨ê realize how good night diving is for your health ¨ë still be unable to see the underwater creatures at all 59. 3-002-198 (2008Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 25¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Team performance is not possible if the leader grabs all the best chances, assignments and credit for himself or herself. Indeed, the crucial point of the leader's challenge is to --------. When the Dollus Bank team leader Trevor Canfield made room for a junior investment banker to lead a prestigious account, he did just that. So did Mike Fangos at Gopak, when he encouraged a chemical engineer who ¡°could not balance his checkbook at home¡± to take responsibility for preparing the Zebra Team's $200 million budget. Stepping out of the way to give opportunities to others, however, does not mean giving up responsibility for guidance, monitoring, and control. ¨ç drive all of the team members into competition ¨è give direct instructions and orders to the executives ¨é recruit competent and qualified people for the team ¨ê take charge of all assignments by himself or herself ¨ë provide performance opportunities to the team members 89ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 80ÂÊ 60. 3-002-199 (2008Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 27¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Studies regarding our habits of eating out found that, when we eat out, we tend to underestimate the number of calories we consume by up to half. When we eat in a relaxing, candle-lit restaurant, we tend to enjoy our food longer even if we are full. Dining with friends also contributes to consuming more calories. Researchers found that women who dined with two or three friends ate 700 calories on average, double that of solo diners. Our psychology is another factor in the consumption of calories. A waiter who greeted customers with the question, ¡°What are we celebrating tonight?¡± -------- than waiters who didn't. Therefore, if you treat dining as a special occasion, you're more likely to eat more. ¨ç got more orders ¨è dined out more frequently ¨é was in a worse mood ¨ê delivered food more slowly ¨ë consumed more calories 61. 3-002-200 (2008Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 25¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? The distinctive property of cultural behavior, as ethologists use the term, is the way it is passed on from one generation to the next. Instead of being inherited by the process of Mendelian genetics, it is ¡®inherited¡¯ by imitation. An animal acquires a behavior pattern by imitating it from another. Thus, for a species to acquire a culture, its members should be able not only to learn and memorize but also to meet other members of its own species sufficiently often. Cultural behavior is, therefore, most likely to be found in species that --------. * ethologist: µ¿¹°ÇൿÇÐÀÚ ¨ç attack dominant classes ¨è form social groups ¨é survive natural disasters ¨ê experience mental hardships ¨ë emphasize physical strengths 90ÂÊ ^[05°­ ±ÛÀÇ ¸ñÀû À¯Çü ¼Ò°³ * ÇÊÀÚ°¡ ±ÛÀ» ¾´ ¸ñÀûÀ» °í¸£´Â À¯ÇüÀÌ´Ù. * ºñ±³Àû ½¬¿î ¹®Ç×À¸·Î ½Ç¿ëÀûÀÎ ¸ñÀûÀ» °¡Áø ±Û°ú ¾î¶² Á¡À» ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Â ±ÛÀÇ µÎ °¡Áö À¯ÇüÀ¸·Î Á¦½ÃµÈ´Ù. ÇÊÀÚÀÇ Àǵµ¸¦ ´ÜµµÁ÷ÀÔÀûÀ¸·Î Ç¥ÇöÇÏÁö´Â ¾ÊÁö¸¸ ¿Ï°îÇÏ°í ºÐ¸íÇÏ°Ô ¹àÈ÷´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ´ëºÎºÐÀÌ´Ù. ÇØ°á ¹æ¹ý * ÇÊÀÚ°¡ ¿¹ÀǸ¦ Â÷¸®±â À§ÇØ ±ÛÀÇ ¾ÕºÎºÐ¿¡ ¾²´Â Ç¥Çö¿¡ ÇöȤµÇÁö ¸»°í µÞºÎºÐÀ» ÁýÁßÇÏ¿© ÀÐÀ¸¸é¼­ ÇÊÀÚ°¡ óÇÑ »óȲÀ» ÆľÇÇØ º»´Ù. * ÇÊÀÚ°¡ ±ÛÀ» ÅëÇØ ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀ¸·Î ¹Ù¶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö È®ÀÎÇÑ µÚ, ¼±ÅÃÁö¿¡¼­ ã¾Æ º»´Ù. * ¸¶Áö¸· ¹®À常 ÀÐ°í ´äÀ» ÇÏ¸é ¿À´äÀ» °í¸£±â ½¬¿ì¹Ç·Î ±ÛÀ» ÀüüÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÐµÇ ¸¶Áö¸· ºÎºÐ¿¡ ÁßÁ¡À» µÎ°í ÀÐ¾î º»´Ù. * ±ÛÀÇ ¸ñÀû°ú °ü·ÃÇÏ¿© ¼±ÅÃÁö¿¡ ÀÚÁÖ ³ª¿À´Â µ¿»çµéÀ» ÀÍÇô µÎ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. advertise ±¤°íÇÏ´Ù/advise Ãæ°íÇÏ´Ù/appreciate °¨»çÇÏ´Ù/demand ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Ù/inform ¾Ë¸®´Ù/invite ÃÊ´ëÇÏ´Ù/persuade ¼³µæÇÏ´Ù/praise ĪÂùÇÏ´Ù/recommend ÃßõÇÏ´Ù/reject °ÅÀýÇÏ´Ù/request ¿äûÇÏ´Ù/warn °æ°íÇÏ´Ù 91ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 82ÂÊ 1. 3-002-201 (2014Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É AÇü 23¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Good news for pet shop owners! We, ABLE Shipping, have developed the perfect system for shipping fish to your customers. We can ship live fish across the nation, and the fish will do just fine. Are you wondering how we ensure each fish has a safe journey? Here's the secret. We pack each one in an oxygen-inflated plastic bag with enough water to keep the fish relaxed and comfortable. Furthermore, each bag is wrapped in a cushion and then placed inside a shipping box. Your fish will enjoy the journey all the way to your customers' front doors. Call us at 1-800-456-4959 or e-mail us at fishlove@ableshipping.com, and you'll see how it works. ¨ç °¡¸ÍÁ¡ ¿î¿µÀÇ ÀåÁ¡À» È«º¸ÇÏ·Á°í ¨è ¹°°í±â Áúº´ ¿¹¹æ¹ýÀ» °øÁöÇÏ·Á°í ¨é ¾Ö¿Ïµ¿¹°¿ë ¸ÔÀÌ Á¾·ù¸¦ ¼Ò°³ÇÏ·Á°í ¨ê ¾Ö¿Ïµ¿¹° µ¿¹Ý ¿©Çà ¼öÄ¢À» ¾È³»ÇÏ·Á°í ¨ë ¹°°í±â ¾ÈÀü ¹è¼Û ¼­ºñ½º¸¦ ±¤°íÇÏ·Á°í 2. 3-002-202 (2014Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò AÇü 23¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Hi, boys and girls! My name is Adam Burke. Are you interested in buying a special lunch bag to protect our environment? When I was in sixth grade, I noticed that many of my classmates carried paper lunch bags. I found out that from sandwich wrappers to disposable drink containers, the average school kid generates 65 pounds of lunch bag waste every year. To help kids cut down on lunch bag waste, I have invented a reusable lunch bag, which I am now selling on my website. It has handles and a front pocket. And the fabric is partially made from recycled plastic bottles. You will like it because you can fold it up and put it in your backpack. If you'd like to buy one, please feel free to visit www.myblog. com/aburke. ¨ç ´Ù¾çÇÑ Á¾·ùÀÇ Ã¥°¡¹æÀ» ¼Ò°³ÇÏ·Á°í ¨è À½½Ä¹° ¾²·¹±âÀÇ ½É°¢¼ºÀ» °æ°íÇÏ·Á°í ¨é À¯±â³ó Á¡½É µµ½Ã¶ô ¸Þ´º¸¦ ±ÇÀåÇÏ·Á°í ¨ê ºÒ¿ì ÀÌ¿ôÀ» À§ÇÑ ¹«·á Á¡½É ºÀ»ç¸¦ Á¦¾ÈÇÏ·Á°í ¨ë ȯ°æº¸È£¸¦ À§ÇÑ µµ½Ã¶ô °¡¹æ ÆǸŸ¦ È«º¸ÇÏ·Á°í 92ÂÊ 3. 3-002-203 (2014Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò AÇü 23¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Dear Mayor Johnson: I'm a long-time resident of Pinewood, and I'm really concerned about the traffic problem in my neighborhood. The traffic has been increasing for the past three years, and I've seen many near-accidents. I feel the intersection at Burton Road and 3rd Street is very dangerous because there aren't any traffic lights. The city should consider installing traffic lights as soon as possible. I believe that this issue affects the safety of every driver or pedestrian who uses that intersection, so it deserves immediate attention. Nothing is as important as our citizens' safety, so fixing this issue should be made a top priority. I would appreciate your sincere consideration. Best regards, Laura McPherson ¨ç ±³Åë»ç°í ÈÄÀ¯ÁõÀÇ ½É°¢¼ºÀ» ¾Ë¸®·Á°í ¨è ±³Â÷·Î¿¡ ½ÅÈ£µî ¼³Ä¡¸¦ ¿äûÇÏ·Á°í ¨é ±³Åë ¹ý±Ô À§¹Ý Â÷·®À» ½Å°íÇÏ·Á°í ¨ê ¹«´Ü Ⱦ´ÜÀÇ À§Ç輺À» °­Á¶ÇÏ·Á°í ¨ë ÀÚµ¿Â÷ º¸Çè °¡ÀÔÀ» ±ÇÀ¯ÇÏ·Á°í 4. 3-002-204 (2014Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É ¿¹ºñ½ÃÇà AÇü 24¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? To Whom It May Concern, I recently acquired a Toigeur Airways (TA) return ticket from Los Angeles to Incheon using 35,000 reward miles. Due to an unexpected event, I suddenly had to change my return flight from a 09:15 flight to a later 20:45 flight. I contacted the airline as soon as I could in order to change my flight. However, I was told by a TA employee that it was the airline's policy not to allow a passenger to make changes to a ticket purchased with reward miles. In the end, I had to buy a new ticket and I don't think that was fair. I strongly insist that your policy be changed for the convenience of the customers. Sincerely, James Moore ¨ç Ç×°ø»ç ¹æħÀÇ °³¼±À» ¿ä±¸ÇÏ·Á°í ¨è ¸¶Àϸ®Áö Àû¸³¹æ¹ýÀ» ¹®ÀÇÇÏ·Á°í ¨é º¯°æµÈ ž½Â½Ã°£À» È®ÀÎÇÏ·Á°í ¨ê Ç×°ø»ç Á÷¿ø ±³À°À» ÅëÁöÇÏ·Á°í ¨ë Ãâ¹ß½Ã°£ Áö¿¬¿¡ ´ëÇØ Ç×ÀÇÇÏ·Á°í 93ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 83ÂÊ 5. 3-002-205 (2013Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 18¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? As you are well aware, a great tragedy took place in our city last week. Some faulty electrical wiring led to a fire breaking out and eventually destroying an entire block of homes in the suburbs. From the very beginning it was fanned by strong winds, but it would not have spread so far and so quickly, if our firefighters had been able to arrive at the scene in time. Our city has only one fire station located downtown. Would you please establish a new fire station in our area, since you are mayor of our city? We are in urgent need of one. I look forward to your response. ¨ç ¼Ò¹æ¼­ ½Å¼³À» °ÇÀÇÇÏ·Á°í ¨è °­Ç³ ´ëºñ ÈÆ·ÃÀ» Å뺸ÇÏ·Á°í ¨é Àü±â ½Ã¼³ÀÇ ±³Ã¼¸¦ Ã˱¸ÇÏ·Á°í ¨ê ¼Ò¹æ ½Ã¼³ÀÇ Çö´ëÈ­¸¦ Á¦¾ÈÇÏ·Á°í ¨ë ¼Ò¹æ°üÀÇ Á¶¼ÓÇÑ ÆÄ°ßÀ» ¿äûÇÏ·Á°í 6. 3-002-206 (2013Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 18¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ÆíÁö¸¦ ¾´ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Dear Mr. Johnson, I can't tell you how sorry I was to learn that the flood caused almost total damage to your home. I can only imagine what a terrible loss it must be. The very prospect of losing everything and having to start all over again would be overwhelming for anybody. That is why I want to provide you with any assistance that I can. I have an extra bedroom that you are welcome to use. As your friends and neighbors join forces to support you in your time of need, I'm sure that everything will seem a little brighter with each new day. In the meantime, please take good care of yourself. With all good wishes, Richard Jackson ¨ç to offer help ¨è to ask for advice ¨é to express thanks ¨ê to give a warning ¨ë to make an apology 7. 3-002-207 (2013Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 18¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? I have always been a huge fan of Redbug Cameras. However, when I purchased your newest model, the Superimage 2000, I could not have been more disappointed. I acquired it on June 3rd of this year and it does not function correctly. The camera lens does not focus properly and the resulting photos are blurry and unclear. I went to the local service center to get it repaired, but the poor service I received there only complicated the problem. I am extremely frustrated with the poor quality repairs that were made in addition to the overall inferior quality of the camera. I insist on receiving a full refund. Enclosed is a copy of the original receipt and the repair bill. ¨ç ȯºÒÀ» ¿ä±¸Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ¨è ·»Áî ¼ö¸®¸¦ ÀÇ·ÚÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ¨é ½ÅÁ¦Ç°À¸·ÎÀÇ ±³È¯À» ¿äûÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ¨ê Ç°Áú °³¼± ¹æÇâÀ» Á¦¾ÈÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ¨ë ±¸ÀÔ ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¹®ÀÇÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© 94ÂÊ 8. 3-002-208 (2012Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 18¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? In this digital age, images are essential units of information, and knowing how to use photography effectively is more important than ever. Fortunately, enrolling at the Hobbiton Institute of Photography is one of the easiest, most cost-effective ways to take your photography to the next level. You'll be assigned a personal adviser, have your work evaluated by experienced experts, and receive insightful suggestions on how to make it better. You'll also learn to think on your feet and develop the eye of a photographer. You can pursue your passion with us, and your photography will never be the same. ¨ç »çÁø Àü¹® °­»çÁøÀ» ¼Ò°³ÇÏ·Á°í ¨è »çÁø Àü¹® ±³À° ±â°üÀ» È«º¸ÇÏ·Á°í ¨é µðÁöÅÐ »çÁø ÃÔ¿µ ±â¹ýÀ» ¼³¸íÇÏ·Á°í ¨ê »çÁø ºÐ¾ß Ãë¾÷ Á¤º¸¸¦ Á¦°øÇÏ·Á°í ¨ë µðÁöÅÐ »çÁø¼ú È°¿ëÀ» ±ÇÀåÇÏ·Á°í 9. 3-002-209 (2012Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 18¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? So, you're ready to add a new member, a furry one, to your family. But now you have one more decision to make: What kind of dog should I get? Here are some tips to consider when choosing a dog that is right for you. First, pick a dog that fits your home. Bring a big one into your house only if you can give him a lot of space. Second, don't buy a shaggy dog if you're allergic. Getting a non-shedding dog is a good idea if you're worried about loose hairs or your kids' allergies. Third, pick a mild-mannered puppy that is likely to be more forgiving and protective of his little owners. Keep these in mind, and you'll enjoy having the new member at home. * shaggy: ÅкϼþÀÌÀÇ ¨ç ¾Ö¿Ï°ß ÈÆ·Ã ¹æ¹ý¿¡ °üÇØ ¾È³»ÇÏ·Á°í ¨è ¾Ö¿Ï°ß À¯±âÀÇ ¹®Á¦Á¡¿¡ °üÇØ ÁöÀûÇÏ·Á°í ¨é ¾Ö¿Ï°ß À§»ý °ü¸® ¿ä·É¿¡ °üÇØ ¼³¸íÇÏ·Á°í ¨ê ¾Ö¿Ï°ßÀ» ±â¸£´Â ¾î·Á¿ò¿¡ °üÇØ ¾Ë·ÁÁÖ·Á°í ¨ë ¾Ö¿Ï°ß ¼±Åà ½Ã °í·Á»çÇ׿¡ °üÇØ Á¶¾ðÇÏ·Á°í 10. 3-002-210 (2012Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 18¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? This is an official notice from KGM, the largest manufacturer of digital cameras in the world, regarding the rules of KGM's Big World Competition. First, anyone over the age of 18 is eligible, with the exception of professional photographers. Second, all photographs must be taken using a KGM camera. Third, the size of your image file cannot exceed 100 megabytes. Finally, entries must be uploaded to our website no later than July 25, 2011. Failure to comply with any of the above rules will disqualify the entry. A list of winners will be posted on the website on August 15, and all winning pictures will be displayed at the KGM gallery for a period of one year. ¨ç Àü¹® »çÁøÀÛ°¡¸¦ ¸ðÁýÇÏ·Á°í ¨è ÃÖ½ÅÇü Ä«¸Þ¶óÀÇ ¼º´ÉÀ» ¼³¸íÇÏ·Á°í ¨é »çÁø ÃÔ¿µ ½Ã ÁÖÀÇ»çÇ×À» Àü´ÞÇÏ·Á°í ¨ê »çÁø ÄÜÅ×½ºÆ® Âü°¡ ½Ã À¯ÀÇ»çÇ×À» ¾È³»ÇÏ·Á°í ¨ë Ä«¸Þ¶ó ȸ»çÀÇ °í°´ Áö¿ø ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» È«º¸ÇÏ·Á°í 95ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 84ÂÊ 11. 3-002-211 (2011Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 18¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? My wife and I have enjoyed receiving your publication for years. Unfortunately, our jobs now have us both traveling most weeks, and we simply cannot keep up with a daily paper. So we would like to request that you stop delivery to our home. If you have questions about this matter, please leave a message at (212) 555?5612, and either my wife or I will call you back as soon as we can. Thank you for years of reliable delivery of a first-rate newspaper. If our situation changes, we will call you to resume delivery. In the meantime, we will expect delivery to stop no later than the end of this week. ¨ç ¿©Çà µ¿Çà Á¦¾ÈÀ» °ÅÀýÇÏ·Á°í ¨è ½Å¹® ¹è´Þ Áß´ÜÀ» ¿äûÇÏ·Á°í ¨é ÃâÆÇ ÀÏÁ¤¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¹®ÀÇÇÏ·Á°í ¨ê º¯°æµÈ ÀüÈ­¹øÈ£¸¦ ¾È³»ÇÏ·Á°í ¨ë ½Å¼ÓÇÑ Á¤Á¤ º¸µµ¿¡ °¨»çÇÏ·Á°í 12. 3-002-212 (2011Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 18¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? I was pleased to receive your letter requesting a letter of reference for a Future Leaders scholarship. As your physics teacher, I can certainly speak highly of your academic abilities. Your grades have consistently been A's and B's in my class. Since this is the first semester that I have had you in class, however, I do not feel that I am the right person to provide information on your leadership skills. I would encourage you to request a reference letter from those teachers with whom you have had the most opportunity to demonstrate those skills. I am sure many teachers would be willing to provide letters for you. Good luck with your scholarship. ¨ç ÀåÇÐ±Ý Ãßõ¼­ ºÎŹÀ» °ÅÀýÇÏ·Á°í ¨è ¶Ù¾î³­ Çо÷ ¼ºÃ븦 ĪÂùÇÏ·Á°í ¨é ¹°¸®ÇÐ °­Á ¼ö°­À» ¾È³»ÇÏ·Á°í ¨ê ÀåÇÐ±Ý ¼öÇý ¼Ò½ÄÀ» ¾Ë·ÁÁÖ·Á°í ¨ë ÀåÇÐ±Ý ½ÅûÀ» ±ÇÀ¯ÇÏ·Á°í 13. 3-002-213 (2011Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 18¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? I have seen people who are very good at their jobs but are poor at presenting themselves and, hence, do not convince the audience of their capabilities. Presentation is so crucially important and will make the difference between getting a sale or not. Some people are naturally good presenters, but brushing up on your skills in this area will prove profitable. There are lots of courses available that are good. Try Think Business where courses are cheap or even free. The ABC Marketing Institute also offers very good presentation skills courses. A good course will help you structure your presentations and improve your own personal style. I would recommend one that films you while you are presenting and then gives a critique of your style. ¨ç ´ëÀÎ °ü°è °³¼± ¹æ¾ÈÀ» Á¦½ÃÇÏ·Á°í ¨è ÇÁ·¹Á¨Å×ÀÌ¼Ç ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î¸¦ ±¤°íÇÏ·Á°í ¨é ûÁß°úÀÇ »óÈ£ ÀÛ¿ëÀÇ Á߿伺À» °­Á¶ÇÏ·Á°í ¨ê ¿µ»ó ¸Åü¸¦ È°¿ëÇÑ °­ÀÇ ±â¹ýÀ» ¼³¸íÇÏ·Á°í ¨ë ¹ßÇ¥·Â Çâ»óÀ» À§ÇÑ °­Á¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾Ë·Á ÁÖ·Á°í 96ÂÊ 14. 3-002-214 (2010Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 20¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Upon receiving your last letter, I rushed to look up the word ¡®flattering¡¯ in the dictionary. I was shocked to find out that it could imply something negative, which I certainly did not mean. I should have used some word like ¡®complimentary¡¯ instead. For that, I would like to ask for the kindness in your heart to forgive my unintended offense. If you knew me well, you would know that I am shameless enough to take all compliments at their face value and not to think that they might be mere flattery. I just did not know what the word really implied. I hope that you no longer feel hurt or uncomfortable in any way as a result of our correspondence. ¨ç ´Ü¾î¸¦ À߸ø »ç¿ëÇÑ °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© »ç°úÇÏ·Á°í ¨è ÈǸ¢ÇÏ°Ô ¾²¿©Áø ÆíÁö¸¦ ĪÂùÇÏ·Á°í ¨é ¹«·ÊÇÑ Åµµ¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© Ç×ÀÇÇÏ·Á°í ¨ê Àü¹® ¿ë¾î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤È®ÇÑ Àǹ̸¦ ¹®ÀÇÇÏ·Á°í ¨ë ÁÁÀº »çÀüÀ» ¼±¹°ÇØ ÁØ °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© °¨»çÇÏ·Á°í 15. 3-002-215 (2010Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 35¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Travel around the country with Carl Sandburg, a twentieth-century poet who has been called the voice of America. Hop aboard his poetry train on which each amazing poem leads to a different destination--some quiet and peaceful, others alive with enthusiasm and humor. Visit rural back roads and busy cities, and meet friendly animals and ordinary people going about their daily lives. More than thirty wonderful poems are presented in this collection of his poetry, along with special illustrations that capture the spirit of the poetry. With a magic touch, Sandburg manages to find the laughter and meaning in everyday things--doors, rain, colors, the sea, a telephone wire, words, and even a rat! So pack your imagination and get ready to take a special trip with the words of Carl Sandburg. ¨ç âÀ۽à °ø¸ð¸¦ ±¤°íÇÏ·Á°í ¨è ¿©ÇàÀÇ Á߿伺À» °­Á¶ÇÏ·Á°í ¨é ±âÇ๮ ¾²´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¼³¸íÇÏ·Á°í ¨ê ½ÃÁýÀ» ¼Ò°³ÇÏ¿© Àб⸦ ±ÇÇÏ·Á°í ¨ë ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ÀÛ°¡µéÀ» ¼Ò°³ÇÏ·Á°í 16. 3-002-216 (2010Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 44¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? The descriptions of sound production have been rewritten in this edition so as to update the theory on which they were based and to provide better practical advice regarding pronunciation problems. Several figures have been redrawn in order to achieve greater accuracy and clearer detail. The authors have tried to eliminate traces of gender-biased attitudes wherever they were detected, and a definite attempt has been made to balance female and male references. The most significant kind of change in the new edition, however, is the result of the effort we have made to introduce more use of language for real communicative purposes in the learning activities suggested for students to carry out. ¨ç °³Á¤ÆÇÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä º¯È­¸¦ ¼³¸íÇÏ·Á°í ¨è »õ·Î¿î ¾ð¾î ÇнÀ¹ýÀ» Á¦½ÃÇÏ·Á°í ¨é »õ Ã¥ÀÇ ÃâÆÇ ÀÏÁ¤À» ¾È³»ÇÏ·Á°í ¨ê »õ·Î¿î ÆíÁý ±ÔÁ¤À» Å뺸ÇÏ·Á°í ¨ë ÃÖ±ÙÀÇ ¹ßÀ½ ÀÌ·ÐÀ» ¼Ò°³ÇÏ·Á°í 97ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 86ÂÊ 17. 3-002-217 (2009Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 20¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? If you are worrying about money when you are away, your enjoyment will suffer. Plan your budget in advance to give yourself time to research the costs fully. If you cannot get confirmed prices, get as many estimates as you can. Note the best price and the worst price and budget in between the two. Ideally, the budgeted figures will work out just about right. If they don't, you will have to use your emergency fund to cover basic expenses such as food, transport, and accommodation, and there will be less money available for an unexpected situation that necessitates a sudden change of plan. So, be sure to make your budget realistic, so that you can be confident that you will be able to pay for all aspects of the trip. ¨ç ¿©Çà Áß »óÇ° ±¸¸Å ½Ã ÁÖÀÇ »çÇ×À» ¾Ë·ÁÁÖ·Á°í ¨è ¿©Çà °æºñ ¿¹»ê Â¥±â¿¡ ´ëÇØ Á¶¾ðÇÏ·Á°í ¨é °úµµÇÑ ¿©Çà °æºñ ÁöÃâÀÇ À§ÇèÀ» °æ°íÇÏ·Á°í ¨ê ¿©Çà Áß À§±Þ »óȲ¿¡ ´ëóÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¼³¸íÇÏ·Á°í ¨ë ¿©Çà ½Ã ÀûÀýÇÑ ±³Åë¼ö´Ü¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾È³»ÇÏ·Á°í 18. 3-002-218 (2009Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 41¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? The stories you will read here are based on facts from eyewitness accounts. They have been collected from a wide variety of employees and organizations across the United States. The names and, in some cases, genders have been changed to protect the identities of the individuals. These accounts are only a small sampling of general practices currently in operation in American Business, and do not reflect an experience within any particular company. While these stories expose the darker side of American Business, this book does not offer legal advice. Any reader who feels she or he needs legal advice should consult legal counsel. ¨ç µ¶ÀÚ¿¡°Ô Ã¥ ³»¿ëÀÇ Æ¯¼ºÀ» ¾Ë·ÁÁÖ·Á°í ¨è Ã¥ÀÇ ÀúÀÛ±ÇÀ» º¸È£ÇÏ·Á°í ¨é Ã¥ÀÇ ¼ºÂ÷º°Àû ³»¿ëÀ» ºñÆÇÇÏ·Á°í ¨ê µ¶ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¹ý·üÀû ÀÚ¹®À» Á¦°øÇÏ·Á°í ¨ë ÁýÇÊ¿¡ µµ¿òÀ» ÁØ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô °¨»çÇÏ·Á°í 19. 3-002-219 (2009Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 20¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Welcome and thank you for joining the dining club. Our club offers a unique dining experience. You will be trying food from all over the world, but more importantly, you will have the chance to experience each country's dining traditions and customs. In India, for example, they use their hands to eat. If you are used to using forks and knives, you may find this challenging. In France, dinners have many courses, so make sure to schedule enough time for the French meal. In Japan, they don't eat their soup with a spoon, so you have to drink directly from the bowl. These are some of the things you will experience every Saturday evening until the end of August. We hope you will enjoy your dining adventure. ¨ç ½Ä±â »ç¿ë ¹æ¹ýÀ» ±³À°ÇÏ·Á°í ¨è À½½Ä ¸ÀÀÇ Â÷À̸¦ ¼³¸íÇÏ·Á°í ¨é ÇØ¿Ü ¿©Çà ÀÏÁ¤À» °øÁöÇÏ·Á°í ¨ê ½Ä»ç ¹®È­ üÇè Çà»ç¸¦ ¾Ë¸®·Á°í ¨ë ¹®È­ üÇè°ü °³°ü½Ä¿¡ ÃÊ´ëÇÏ·Á°í 98ÂÊ 20. 3-002-220 (2008Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 20¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? It is my great pleasure to inform you that your sons and daughters have completed all the academic requirements over the last three years of study at Hutt High School. We feel as if the day they entered our school were yesterday, and now they will proudly receive their graduation certificates. Not unlike many successful graduates in our long history, your children will go out into the world, and successfully participate in the fields of politics, economics, culture, and education. The graduation ceremony will be held next Friday in Hutt High School's Assembly Hall. On behalf of the school, I would like to extend our invitation to you and your family. I look forward to meeting you there. ¨ç Á¹¾÷½Ä Ãà»ç¸¦ ºÎŹÇÏ·Á°í ¨è ÀÔÇÐ½Ä ÀÏÁ¤À» ¾È³»ÇÏ·Á°í ¨é ÀÚ³àÀÇ Á¹¾÷½Ä¿¡ ÃÊ´ëÇÏ·Á°í ¨ê ÀÔÇÐ ÀÚ°Ý ¿ä°ÇÀ» ¾Ë¸®·Á°í ¨ë Çб³¿î¿µÀ§¿øȸ °³ÃÖ¸¦ ¾Ë¸®·Á°í 21. 3-002-221 (2008Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 20¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Although most people use the bus or subway to get around Seoul, every once in a while it's nice to spend a sunny day crossing the city on a bicycle. While riding, you are certain to discover new streets and different views of the capital. ¡°The key to enjoying cycling is to choose the right streets,¡± says one city official, adding that alleys off main roads can be interesting areas to explore. If you only ride occasionally, you don't have to spend a lot of money because bikes can be rented. Let's discover Seoul and learn about its undiscovered back streets on a bike. ¨ç ±³Åë³­ ÇؼҸ¦ À§ÇØ ´ëÁß±³Åë ÀÌ¿ëÀ» ±ÇÀåÇÏ·Á°í ¨è ¿¡³ÊÁö Àý¾àÀ» À§ÇØ ÀÚÀü°Å Ÿ±â¸¦ È«º¸ÇÏ·Á°í ¨é ÀÚÀü°Å¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ µµ½Ã ±¸°æÀ» Àå·ÁÇÏ·Á°í ¨ê ÀÚÀü°Å Àü¿ë µµ·Î ¼³Ä¡¸¦ °ÇÀÇÇÏ·Á°í ¨ë ÀÚÀü°Å º¸°ü Àå¼Ò¸¦ ¾È³»ÇÏ·Á°í 22. 3-002-222 (2008Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 20¹ø) ¼­ºñ½º¾÷ Á¾»çÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¾´ ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Sometimes promises made in good faith can't be kept. Even though we strive to be error-free, it's inevitable that problems will occur. Not everything that affects your customer's experience with you is within your control. What should you do when the service promise is broken? When you discover a broken promise or have one pointed out to you, the first thing to do is to apologize. Don't waste time blaming yourself, your company, or your customer. Admit that something has gone wrong, and immediately find out what your customer's needs are. ¨ç È¿À²ÀûÀÎ ¿©°¡ ½Ã°£ È°¿ëÀÇ Á߿伺À» °­Á¶ÇÏ·Á°í ¨è ¾÷¹«»ó ¾à¼Ó ºÒÀÌÇà ½Ã ´ëó¹æ¹ýÀ» Á¶¾ðÇÏ·Á°í ¨é ¾÷¹« °ü·Ã ¿¬¼öÀÇ Çʿ伺À» ¾È³»ÇÏ·Á°í ¨ê »õ·Î¿î Àλç°ü¸® ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ¼Ò°³ÇÏ·Á°í ¨ë µ¿·á °£ÀÇ Çùµ¿Á¤½ÅÀ» °íÃëÇÏ·Á°í 99ÂÊ ^[06°­ ½Ã°¢ÀÚ·áÀÇ È°¿ë À¯Çü ¼Ò°³ * ½Ç»ýÈ°¿¡¼­ ½±°Ô Á¢ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¾È³»¹®À̳ª Æ÷½ºÅÍ µîÀ» º¸°í ¼¼ºÎ ³»¿ëÀÇ ÀÏÄ¡¿Í ºÒÀÏÄ¡¸¦ ÆľÇÇÏ´Â ¹®Ç×°ú ¿©·¯ °¡Áö Åë°è ¼öÄ¡¸¦ ´Ù¾çÇÑ µµÇ¥¿Í ±×·¡ÇÁ·Î Á¦½ÃÇÏ°í À̸¦ Ç®¾î ¼³¸íÇÑ ±ÛÀ» ÀÐÀ¸¸é¼­ ¼¼ºÎ ³»¿ëÀÌ ºÒÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Â ¹®ÀåÀ» ã´Â ¹®Ç×À¸·Î ÃâÁ¦µÈ´Ù. ÇØ°á ¹æ¹ý * ¾È³»¹®ÀÌ Á¦½ÃµÈ À¯ÇüÀÇ °æ¿ì, ¸ÕÀú ¹«¾ù¿¡ °üÇÑ ³»¿ëÀÎÁö ¼ÒÀ縦 ÆľÇÇÑ µÚ, ¼±ÅÃÁö¸¦ º¸°í È®ÀÎÇÒ »çÇ×À» ã¾Æ Àд´Ù. ¼±ÅÃÁöÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ½Ç¿ë¹® ¼Ó °ü·Ã ¼¼ºÎ ³»¿ëÀ» Á¤È®È÷ ´ëÁ¶ÇÏ¿© ³»¿ë ÀÏÄ¡ ¿©ºÎ¸¦ È®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù. * µµÇ¥°¡ Á¦½ÃµÈ À¯ÇüÀÇ °æ¿ì, ¸ÕÀú ¹«¾ù¿¡ °üÇÑ °ÍÀÎÁö¸¦ ÆľÇÇÑ µÚ, ¼±ÅÃÁöÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú µµÇ¥ÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» ²Ä²ÄÈ÷ ºñ±³ÇÏ¿© ÀÏÄ¡ ¿©ºÎ¸¦ È®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù. * Æò¼Ò¿¡ µµÇ¥¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ Ç¥Çö, ºñ±³±Þ°ú ÃÖ»ó±Þ, ¹è¼ö»ç¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ ºñ±³ Ç¥Çö µîÀ» ÀÍÇô µÐ´Ù. the second largest: µÎ ¹ø°·Î Å« increase: Áõ°¡ÇÏ´Ù decrease: °¨¼ÒÇÏ´Ù sharply: ±Þ°ÝÇÏ°Ô gradually: Â÷Ãû, Á¡Â÷ account for: (ºÎºÐ, ºñÀ²À») Â÷ÁöÇÏ´Ù one-third: 3ºÐÀÇ 1 100ÂÊ 1. 3-002-223 (2014Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É AÇü 29¹ø) Modern Pottery Museum¿¡ °üÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ¾È³»¹®ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº? ±Û»óÀÚ ½ÃÀÛ Modern Pottery Museum The Modern Pottery Museum exhibits collections of artistic ceramic works. It also offers information about the history and development of modern pottery. Visitors can make their own plates or cups for an additional fee. Hours Weekdays: 9:00 a.m.--6:00 p.m. Weekends: 9:00 a.m.--5:00 p.m. * The museum is closed on the first Monday of every month. Fees General Admission: $5 Children under 12: Free Pottery Experience: $10 Parking A parking discount is available to museum visitors. To receive the discount, visitors must have their parking tickets stamped at the visitor information desk. ±Û»óÀÚ ³¡ ¨ç ¹æ¹®°´Àº Ãß°¡ ºñ¿ë ¾øÀÌ Á¢½Ã³ª ÄÅÀ» ¸¸µé ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¨è ÁÖ¸»Àº ÆòÀϺ¸´Ù °ü¶÷ ½Ã°£ÀÌ 1½Ã°£ ´õ ±æ´Ù. ¨é ¸ÅÁÖ ¿ù¿äÀÏ¿¡ ÈÞ°üÇÑ´Ù. ¨ê 12¼¼ ¹Ì¸¸ÀÇ ¾î¸°ÀÌ´Â ÀÔÀå·á°¡ $5ÀÌ´Ù. ¨ë ¹æ¹®°´Àº ÁÖÂ÷ ¿ä±ÝÀ» ÇÒÀιÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. 2. 3-002-224 (2014Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É AÇü 30¹ø) Nature Foundation ȸ¿øÀÇ ÇýÅÿ¡ °üÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ¾È³»¹®ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀº? ±Û»óÀÚ ½ÃÀÛ BECOME A MEMBER OF THE NATURE FOUNDATION The Nature Foundation is a world-wide organization dedicated to the preservation of our natural environment. Help us by joining today, and enjoy all the benefits of membership for only $50 per year. Members receive: * Our monthly magazine, Nature World, for one year. * A weekly newsletter about upcoming events held by the Foundation. * Invitations to special lectures on natural history and environmental science. Members also get: * A 10% discount on books published by the Foundation. * A 20% discount on our other magazines like Nature Kids. * Discounted admission to national parks. If you have further questions about membership benefits, please call us at 987-555-4567 or visit our website at www.naturefoundation.org. ±Û»óÀÚ ³¡ ¨ç ÀÏ ³â¿¡ $50¸¦ ³»¸é ¸ðµç ÇýÅÃÀ» ´©¸°´Ù. ¨è ÀÏ ³â µ¿¾È ¿ù°£ ÀâÁö Nature World¸¦ ¹Þ´Â´Ù. ¨é Àç´Ü ÁÖÃÖ Çà»ç¿¡ °üÇÑ ¿ù°£ ´º½º·¹Å͸¦ ¹Þ´Â´Ù. ¨ê Àç´Ü ¹ßÇà µµ¼­ ±¸ÀÔ ½Ã 10%¸¦ ÇÒÀι޴´Ù. ¨ë ±¹¸³°ø¿ø ÀÔÀå·á¸¦ ÇÒÀι޴´Ù. 101ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 89ÂÊ 3. 3-002-225 (2014Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É AÇü 31¹ø) Harmony Youth Orchestra Auditions¿¡ °üÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ¾È³»¹®ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀº? ±Û»óÀÚ ½ÃÀÛ Harmony Youth Orchestra Auditions For the 2014 Season Audition Dates: December 16th-20th, 2013 The Harmony Youth Orchestra is for you if you wish to participate in great musical performances under Harmony's conductor. You must¡¦ * currently be a middle or high school student. * send in a completed audition application form and a recommendation from your music teacher by November 30th. * prepare to play a piece of your choice for the audition. You will¡¦ * receive an e-mail with your audition time and place about 10 days before your audition day. * be notified of the final results by e-mail about a week after the audition. Application forms can be downloaded from the Harmony Youth Orchestra website (www.hyo.org). ±Û»óÀÚ ³¡ ¨ç ¿Àµð¼Ç ±â°£Àº 2013³â 12¿ù 16ÀϺÎÅÍ 20ÀϱîÁöÀÌ´Ù. ¨è Áß¡¤°íµîÇлýµéÀÌ Áö¿øÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¨é 11¿ù 30ÀϱîÁö Áö¿ø¼­¿Í Ãßõ¼­¸¦ Á¦ÃâÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¨ê ¿Àµð¼Ç ½Ã°£°ú Àå¼Ò¸¦ À̸ÞÀÏ·Î ¹Þ´Â´Ù. ¨ë ¿Àµð¼ÇÀÇ ÃÖÁ¾ °á°ú¸¦ ÀüÈ­·Î ÅëÁö¹Þ´Â´Ù. 4. 3-002-226 (2014Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É AÇü 32¹ø/BÇü 29¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ µµÇ¥ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀº? Canadian Volunteer Rates and Hours by Age, 2007 ±Û»óÀÚ ½ÃÀÛ Age Groups: Average Annual Hours Volunteer Rates ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 15-24: 138 58 25-34: 133 40 35-44: 158 52 45-54: 170 48 55-64: 205 40 65-74: 216 40 75 Ç÷¯½º: 222 29 (Canadian Average): 166 46 ±Û»óÀÚ ³¡ The graph above shows the Canadian volunteer rates and average annual hours of seven age groups in 2007. ¨ç In these groups, the volunteer rates ranged from 29% to 58%, and the Canadian average rate was 46%. ¨è The average annual hours increased with age except for the group aged between 25 and 34, which volunteered an average of 133 hours. ¨é The 15-24 age group showed the highest volunteer rate but the second fewest average annual hours. ¨ê The 35-44 age group had fewer average annual hours than the 45-54 age group, while the 55-64 and 65-74 age groups showed the same average annual hours. ¨ë Despite their lowest rate of volunteering, seniors aged 75 and older gave more hours on average than any other age group. 102ÂÊ 5. 3-002-227 (2014Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò AÇü 29¹ø) ÀÚ¿ø ºÀ»çÀÚ ¸ðÁý¿¡ °üÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ¾È³»¹®ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀº? ±Û»óÀÚ ½ÃÀÛ GHANA NETWORK OF VOLUNTEER SERVICE Website: www.geocities.com/service_gnvs Contact: Emmanuel Odonkor Corletey(eodonkor@hice.com) The Ghana Network of Volunteer Service is looking for volunteers who are open-minded, sociable, and committed. * Starting Months: March and September * Duration of Service: 8-12 weeks * Age: 20-35 * Activities: Administration, Teaching, Translating * When to Apply: Throughout the year * Costs: $200 for the first month and $150 for each following month per person. This covers accommodations and three meals a day. * Qualifications: Volunteers must be good at using computers. ±Û»óÀÚ ³¡ ¨ç ÀÚ¿ø ºÀ»ç È°µ¿À» ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â ´ÞÀº 3¿ù°ú 9¿ùÀÌ´Ù. ¨è ÀÚ¿ø ºÀ»ç È°µ¿ ±â°£Àº 8ÁÖ¿¡¼­ 12ÁÖ±îÁöÀÌ´Ù. ¨é ±³À°°ú ¹ø¿ªÀº ÀÚ¿ø ºÀ»ç È°µ¿¿¡¼­ Á¦¿ÜµÈ´Ù. ¨ê ù ´Þ ¼÷½Ä ºñ¿ëÀº °³Àδç 200´Þ·¯ÀÌ´Ù. ¨ë ÀÚ¿ø ºÀ»çÀÚµéÀº ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ »ç¿ë¿¡ ´É¼÷ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. 6. 3-002-228 (2014Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò AÇü 30¹ø) Kids in the Kitchen¿¡ °üÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ¾È³»¹®ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº? ±Û»óÀÚ ½ÃÀÛ Kids in the Kitchen ^46,46^Kids in the Kitchen is a half-day camp for children. * Children will learn how to use a number of kitchen tools. * They can explore everything from planning to presentation of their favorite foods. * They can also take the food home and share with the entire family! INSTRUCTOR: James Smith DATES: July 22-26 FEE: $75.00 (additional charge for materials: $30.00) SCHEDULE: ¡Ø This camp is not recommended for children with food allergies. ±Û»óÀÚ ³¡ ¨ç Âü°¡ÇÏ´Â ¾î¸°À̵éÀº ÁÖ¹æ ¿ë±¸ »ç¿ë¹ýÀ» ¹è¿ìÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¨è Âü°¡ÇÏ´Â ¾î¸°À̵éÀº À½½ÄÀ» ÁýÀ¸·Î °¡Á®°¡Áö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. ¨é ¼ö°­·á¿¡ Àç·áºñ 30´Þ·¯°¡ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖ´Ù. ¨ê ¿ÀÈÄ Ä·ÇÁ´Â 7¼¼ ÀÌÇÏ ¾î¸°À̵éÀ» ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ÇÑ´Ù. ¨ë À½½Ä ¾Ë·¹¸£±â°¡ ÀÖ´Â ¾î¸°À̵éÀÇ Ä·ÇÁ Âü°¡¸¦ ±ÇÀåÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. 103ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 91ÂÊ 7. 3-002-229 (2014Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò AÇü 31¹ø) Campus Court ¾ÆÆÄÆ®¿¡ °üÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ±¤°íÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀº? ±Û»óÀÚ ½ÃÀÛ Campus Court at North Walnut 2036 North Walnut Street, Appleville, TX 22345 Come visit the new Campus Court at North Walnut! Choose from our new one-bedroom or two-bedroom apartments: * Great location for shopping and dining * Fully equipped kitchen with all electric appliances * Washer and dryer in all apartments * 24-hour recreation center (except public holidays) LOCATION Located near the university stadium on the northwest side of the campus. Two convenient entrances, one from Oxford Avenue and the other from North Walnut Street. OFFICE HOURS * Monday-Friday: 9 a.m.-6 p.m. * Saturday: 11 a.m.-3 p.m. * Sunday: Closed ±Û»óÀÚ ³¡ ¨ç ¼îÇÎÀ» Çϱâ ÁÁÀº °÷¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇØ ÀÖ´Ù. ¨è Áֹ濡 Àü±â ±â±¸°¡ ¿ÏºñµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ¨é ·¹Å©¸®¿¡ÀÌ¼Ç ¼¾ÅÍ´Â °øÈÞÀÏ¿¡µµ ÀÌ¿ë °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. ¨ê Ä·ÆÛ½º ºÏ¼­ÂÊ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ´ëÇÐ °æ±âÀå ±Ùó¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¨ë »ç¹«½ÇÀÇ Åä¿äÀÏ ¾÷¹« ¸¶°¨ ½Ã°£Àº ¿ÀÈÄ 3½ÃÀÌ´Ù. 8. 3-002-230 (2014Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò AÇü 32¹ø/BÇü 29¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ µµÇ¥ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀº? Women in Wage Employment in the Non-agricultural Sector ±Û»óÀÚ ½ÃÀÛ 2006 1990 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Latin America & Caribbean: 42 33 East Asai & Pacific: 40 36 Middle East & North Africa: 20 18 South Asia: 20 13 Sub-Saharan Africa: 30 25 ±Û»óÀÚ ³¡ (% of total employment per sector) The above graph shows the percentage of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural sector in 1990 and 2006. ¨ç In Latin America and the Caribbean, women's waged non-agricultural employment increased more than five percentage points between 1990 and 2006. ¨è In 2006, the percentage of women's waged non-agricultural employment in East Asia and Pacific countries was twice as high as that of South Asia. ¨é In that same year, the percentage of women's waged non-agricultural employment in the Middle East and North Africa was less than that of Sub-Saharan Africa by ten percentage points. ¨ê Despite the improvement between 1990 and 2006, South Asia showed the smallest increase in the percentage of women in waged non-agricultural employment. ¨ë Between 1990 and 2006, the increase in the percentage of women's waged non-agricultural employment in Sub-Saharan Africa was larger than that of the Middle East and North Africa. 104ÂÊ 9. 3-002-231 (2014Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò AÇü 29¹ø) Laketown Sports Camp 2013¿¡ °üÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ¾È³»¹®ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº? ±Û»óÀÚ ½ÃÀÛ Laketown Sports Camp 2013 June 24th-August 23rd (Monday-Friday, 9:00 a.m.-4:00 p.m.) The city of Laketown offers a sports camp for all children seven and older. * Campers take swimming lessons every afternoon. * Our weekly activities include basketball, soccer, tennis, badminton, and much more. * Campers have the option to bring their own lunch from home or purchase lunch from the snack bar. Laketown Sports Camp 2013 June 24th-August 23rd (Monday-Friday, 9:00 a.m.-4:00 p.m.) The city of Laketown offers a sports camp for all children seven and older. * Campers take swimming lessons every afternoon. * Our weekly activities include basketball, soccer, tennis, badminton, and much more. * Campers have the option to bring their own lunch from home or purchase lunch from the snack bar. Registration Information Period May 27th - June 7th Fee $125 for a week(insurance fee included) For more information, visit www.laketowncamp.com or call (310) 555-2211. ±Û»óÀÚ ³¡ ¨ç Âü°¡ÀÚÀÇ ¿¬·É Á¦ÇÑÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. ¨è Âü°¡ÀÚ´Â ¸ÅÀÏ ¿ÀÀü¿¡ ¼ö¿µ °­½ÀÀ» ¹Þ´Â´Ù. ¨é Á¡½ÉÀº Ä·ÇÁ¿¡¼­ ¹«·á·Î Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. ¨ê µî·Ï ±â°£Àº 5¿ù ¸»±îÁöÀÌ´Ù. ¨ë º¸Çè·á´Â µî·Ïºñ¿¡ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖ´Ù. 10. 3-002-232 (2014Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò AÇü 30¹ø) Wilson High School Library¿¡ °üÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ¾È³»¹®ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀº? ±Û»óÀÚ ½ÃÀÛ Wilson High School Library We are very happy to announce that our library has been selected as one of the top 10 libraries in the nation this year. Hours Monday through Friday 9:00 a.m.-8:00 p.m. Closed on weekends and holidays Check-out and Return Policy Each person is allowed to check out up to 5 books at a time. Books must be returned within 2 weeks from the check-out date. Special Events * Meet the Author (June 14th) - Come and meet Janet Oxford, the author of the bestseller The Treasure of the Desert. * Book Sale (June 21st) - All new books will be 20% off, and all used books will be 50% off. ±Û»óÀÚ ³¡ ¨ç ¿ÃÇØ 10´ë ¿ì¼ö µµ¼­°üÀ¸·Î ¼±Á¤µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¨è ÁÖ¸»°ú °øÈÞÀÏ¿¡´Â µµ¼­°üÀ» ¿­Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¨é ´ëÃâ µµ¼­´Â 2ÁÖ ³»¿¡ ¹Ý³³ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¨ê º£½ºÆ®¼¿·¯ ÀÛ°¡¿ÍÀÇ ¸¸³²ÀÌ 6¿ù¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¨ë µµ¼­ ÆǸŠÇà»ç¿¡¼­ »õ Ã¥Àº ÇÒÀιÞÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. 105ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 92ÂÊ 11. 3-002-233 (2014Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò AÇü 31¹ø) Monthly Observatory Nights¿¡ °üÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ¾È³»¹®ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀº? ±Û»óÀÚ ½ÃÀÛ Monthly Observatory Nights We offer a free educational program, ¡°Observatory Nights,¡± on the third Thursday of every month. It features a lecture and telescopic observing from the observatory roof. * Admission and parking are free. * The lectures are intended for high school students. * Seating is limited and available on a first-come basis. * Doors open at 5:00 p.m.; the program begins at 8:00 p.m. * If it is rainy on the day of the event, the program will be canceled. For more information, call the Education Affairs Office at (617) 555-2176. ±Û»óÀÚ ³¡ ¨ç ¸Å´Þ ¼Â° ¸ñ¿äÀÏ¿¡ Á¦°øµÇ´Â ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ´Ù. ¨è ÀÔÀå·á¿Í ÁÖÂ÷·á´Â ¹«·áÀÌ´Ù. ¨é °­¿¬È¸´Â °íµîÇлý ´ë»óÀÌ´Ù. ¨ê ÇÁ·Î±×·¥Àº ¿ÀÈÄ 5½Ã¿¡ ½ÃÀ۵ȴÙ. ¨ë Çà»ç ´çÀÏ¿¡ ºñ°¡ ¿À¸é ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ Ãë¼ÒµÈ´Ù. 12. 3-002-234 (2014Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò AÇü 32¹ø/BÇü 29¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ µµÇ¥ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀº? Allocated Budget vs. Actual Spending in 2012 (dollars) ±Û»óÀÚ ½ÃÀÛ Allocated Budget Actual Spending Marketing: 45,000 50,000 Development: 20,000 45,000 Customer Service: 60,000 20,000 Information Technology: 45,000 20,000 Administration: 45,000 15,000 Sales: 11,000 15,000 ±Û»óÀÚ ³¡ The above graph shows the comparison between the allocated budget and actual spending for six departments at Triton Ventures in 2012. ¨ç The Customer Service department was allocated 60,000 dollars, which was greater than the amount allocated to any other department. ¨è On the other hand, in terms of actual spending, the top two departments that spent the most were Marketing and Development. ¨é The Customer Service and Information Technology departments spent the same amount of money, which was 20,000 dollars. ¨ê The actual spending by the Administration department was less than half the allocated budget. ¨ë The Sales department showed the largest gap between the allocated budget and its actual spending among the six departments. 106ÂÊ 13. 3-002-235 (2014Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É ¿¹ºñ½ÃÇà AÇü 27¹ø) The Power of Portraits¿¡ °üÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ¾È³»¹®ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº? ±Û»óÀÚ ½ÃÀÛ The Power of Portraits Jan 14th-Feb 13th Submissions Are Open To Everyone!! Submission Deadline: December 19th We are happy to announce our first show of 2012: ¡°The Power of Portraits¡± * The submission fee is $35 for five photographs. Additional photographs are $10 per photo. * Payment may be submitted online or in person by visiting the gallery. * You can submit your photographs in person or via email at submit@phg.com. Please attach information about the photographs with your submission. * All submitted photographs are the property of the gallery and will not be returned. PHOTOHAUS GALLERY 24 East 7th Avenue, Boston ±Û»óÀÚ ³¡ ¨ç ÀÛÇ° Á¦Ãâ ¸¶°¨ÀÏÀº 2¿ù 13ÀÏÀÌ´Ù. ¨è ´Ù¼¸ ÆíÀÇ ÀÛÇ°¸¸ Á¦ÃâÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¨é ºñ¿ëÀº ¿Â¶óÀÎÀ¸·Î °áÁ¦ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ¨ê Á÷Á¢ ¹æ¹®ÇÏ¿© ÀÛÇ°À» Á¦ÃâÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¨ë Á¦ÃâµÈ ÀÛÇ°Àº Àü½Ã ÈÄ¿¡ µ¹·ÁÁØ´Ù. 14. 3-002-236 (2014Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É ¿¹ºñ½ÃÇà AÇü 28¹ø) Dolphin Swim Adventure¿¡ °üÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ¾È³»¹®ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀº? ±Û»óÀÚ ½ÃÀÛ Dolphin Swim Adventure Have you ever kissed a dolphin? Here is your chance to get close to one of the ocean's most incredible creatures. For the low cost of only $49 per person you can be a part of this unforgettable adventure. Highlights * Kiss, touch, and swim with these amazing marine mammals * Snorkel for incredible underwater views of the dolphins Boat Schedule Details Departure Point: Cancun Harbor Departure Time: Everyday at 9:00 a.m./11:30 a.m. 2:00 p.m./4:30 p.m. Additional Info * Children aged seven years and under are not allowed to participate. * Actual time spent with the dolphins is about forty minutes. * Groups of eight or more participants will receive a 10% discount. Terms and Conditions No refunds will be given if you cancel within seven days of your scheduled departure. ±Û»óÀÚ ³¡ ¨ç µ¹°í·¡¿Í ÇÔ²² ¼ö¿µÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¨è ¹è´Â ÇÏ·ç¿¡ ³× Â÷·Ê Ãâ¹ßÇÑ´Ù. ¨é Âü°¡ ¿¬·É¿¡ Á¦ÇÑÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. ¨ê µ¹°í·¡¿Í º¸³»´Â ½ÇÁ¦ ½Ã°£Àº 40ºÐ Á¤µµÀÌ´Ù. ¨ë ¿©´ü ¸í ÀÌ»óÀÇ ´ÜüÀÎ °æ¿ì ÇÒÀÎÀ» ¹Þ´Â´Ù. 107ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 93ÂÊ 15. 3-002-237 (2014Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É ¿¹ºñ½ÃÇà AÇü 29¹ø) Á¹¾÷½Ä¿¡ °üÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ¾È³»¹®ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀº? ±Û»óÀÚ ½ÃÀÛ Graduate Information Congratulations on achieving your academic goals! We're proud of you! Now it is time to prepare for your graduation ceremony and for celebrating your achievements. Preparing for the Ceremony * There is no rehearsal for the graduation ceremony. * There is no limit to the number of guests you may invite to attend. * We suggest you wear comfortable shoes. * We suggest you leave your personal belongings with your guests as there is no place to keep them during the ceremony. * All participants are required to wear a black graduation cap and gown. * There will be no separate dressing rooms for graduates. Note Don't miss out on getting your free graduation gift provided by the Student Government Association immediately following the ceremony. ±Û»óÀÚ ³¡ ¨ç ¿¹Çà ¿¬½ÀÀº ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¨è ÃÊ´ë ¼Õ´ÔÀÇ ¼ö´Â Á¦ÇÑÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. ¨é ¼ÒÁöÇ°À» µû·Î º¸°üÇÒ Àå¼Ò°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ¨ê Á¹¾÷»ýÀ» À§ÇÑ º°µµÀÇ Å»ÀǽÇÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¨ë Á¹¾÷½Ä Á÷ÈÄ¿¡ Á¹¾÷ ¼±¹°À» ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. 16. 3-002-238 (2014Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É ¿¹ºñ½ÃÇà AÇü 30¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ µµÇ¥ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀº? CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion in 2002 and 2008 (Million tons) ±Û»óÀÚ ½ÃÀÛ 2002 2008 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Canada: 533 551 France: 376 371 Italy: 435 435 Mexico: 357 404 Turkey: 192 264 ±Û»óÀÚ ³¡ The above graph shows the differences in CO2 emissions from fuel combustion measured by ton for Canada, France, Italy, Mexico, and Turkey in 2002 and 2008. ¨ç CO2 emissions from fuel combustion for Canada, Mexico, and Turkey were greater in 2008 than in 2002. ¨è Canada showed the highest amount of CO2 emissions among all five countries in both 2002 and 2008. ¨é Italy was the second largest emitter, accounting for 435 million tons in both 2002 and 2008. ¨ê France emitted less CO2 than Mexico in 2002, but this was reversed in 2008. ¨ë Turkey displayed the biggest increase from 192 million tons in 2002 to 264 million tons in 2008. * combustion: ¿¬¼Ò 108ÂÊ 17. 3-002-239 (2014Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É ¿¹ºñ½ÃÇà BÇü 29¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ µµÇ¥ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀº? Trends in the World's Biodiversity Populations from 1970 to 2000 (Population Index = 100 in 1970) ±Û»óÀÚ ½ÃÀÛ 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Land species index: 100 105 100 97 95 90 68 Marine species index: 100 103 90 90 88 83 70 Freshwater species index: 100 93 98 100 82 68 50 ±Û»óÀÚ ³¡ The graph shows the living species index from 1970 to 2000, which indicates trends in the world's biodiversity populations of species living in land, freshwater, and marine ecosystems. ¨ç Compared to 1970, all the indexes fell by 30 to 50 percent in 2000. ¨è Between 1975 and 1980, while the marine species index declined, the freshwater species index increased. ¨é In 1985 the freshwater species index was the highest, followed by the land species index and the marine species index. ¨ê The freshwater species index decreased the least compared to the other indexes between 1990 and 1995. ¨ë The marine species index, the highest among the three in 2000, indicated an increase between 1999 and 2000. 18. 3-002-240 (2013Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 32¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ µµÇ¥ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ¹®ÀåÀº? Number of Researchers in Korea ±Û»óÀÚ ½ÃÀÛ Total number of researchers (in thousands) Number of researchers per 1,000 people in EAP (economically active population) ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1997 138 4.7 1998 130 4.3 1999 135 4.6 2000 160 4.9 2001 179 6.1 2002 190 6.2 2003 198 6.6 2004 210 6.7 2005 235 7.5 2006 257 8.3 2007 289 9.2 ±Û»óÀÚ ³¡ The above graph shows the total number of researchers and the number of researchers per 1,000 people in the EAP (economically active population) of Korea from 1997 to 2007. ¨ç Compared to the previous year, both numbers recorded each year showed an increase except for the numbers recorded in 1998. ¨è The highest annual growth in the number of researchers per 1,000 people in the EAP was recorded between 2000 and 2001. ¨é From 2004 to 2007 Korea had more than 200,000 researchers each year, recording the largest number in 2007. ¨ê The number of researchers per 1,000 people in the EAP in 2007 was twice as large as that in 1999. ¨ë The annual increase in the total number of researchers was the largest between 1998 and 1999. 109ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 95ÂÊ 19. 3-002-241 (2013Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 38¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ µµÇ¥ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀº? Snow Sports Participation Trends in the U.S. (Number of Participants (thousand)) ±Û»óÀÚ ½ÃÀÛ Alpine Skiing 2006/2007: 10,100 2007/2008: 9,900 2008/2009: 10,500 2009/2010: 10,800 Snowboarding 2006/2007: 6,500 2007/2008: 7,000 2008/2009: 7,200 2009/2010: 8,000 Cross Country Skiing 2006/2007: 3,200 2007/2008: 3,500 2008/2009: 4,000 2009/2010: 4,100 Freestyle Skiing 2006/2007: 2,500 2007/2008: 2,100 2008/2009: 2,700 2009/2010: 3,000 ±Û»óÀÚ ³¡ The graph above shows the trends of snow sports participation in the four winter seasons from 2006/2007 to 2009/2010 in the U.S. ¨ç Alpine skiing had the most participants and snowboarding had the second most across all four winter seasons. ¨è Freestyle skiing, however, had the least participants in each of the four seasons. ¨é Over the four winter seasons, a steady increase was seen in the number of participants in both snowboarding and cross country skiing. ¨ê Compared to the previous season, the number of participants in both alpine skiing and freestyle skiing decreased in the 2007/2008 season. ¨ë The combined number of participants in snowboarding and cross country skiing in the 2009/2010 season was smaller than the number of participants in alpine skiing in the same season. 20. 3-002-242 (2013Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 35¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ µµÇ¥ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀº? U.S. S & E Doctoral Degree Recipients by Asian Country of Origin: 1987~2007 ±Û»óÀÚ ½ÃÀÛ 1987 Taiwan: 950 India: 500 China: 250 South Korea: 500 1989 Taiwan: 1.000 India: 700 China: 730 South Korea: 750 1991 Taiwan: 1.200 India: 750 China: 2,000 South Korea: 1,000 1993 Taiwan: 1,400 India: 1,000 China: 2,250 South Korea: 1,200 1995 Taiwan: 1,250 India: 1,250 China: 3,000 South Korea: 1,000 1997 Taiwan: 1,100 India: 1,400 China: 2,500 South Korea: 1,000 1999 Taiwan: 800 India: 950 China: 2,250 South Korea: 900 2001 Taiwan: 600 India: 800 China: 2,500 South Korea: 800 2003 Taiwan: 500 India: 800 China: 2,500 South Korea: 1,000 2005 Taiwan: 500 India: 1,250 China: 3,500 South Korea: 1,250 2007 Taiwan: 550 India: 2,100 China: 4,500 South Korea: 1,300 ±Û»óÀÚ ³¡ This graph shows the number of U.S. Science and Engineering (S & E) doctoral degrees earned by students from China, India, South Korea, and Taiwan from 1987 to 2007. ¨ç In 1987, Taiwan had the largest number of S & E doctoral degree recipients from U.S. institutions while China had the least. ¨è However, China quickly caught up to the other countries by 1990, and has since produced the most U.S. S & E doctoral degree recipients of the four Asian countries. ¨é Between 2001 and 2005, more U.S. S & E doctorates were given to South Korean students than to their Indian peers. ¨ê What is noticeable is that since the early 1990s, all four countries have consistently showed a steady increase in the number of U.S. S & E doctoral degree recipients. ¨ë From 1987 to 2007, none of the four Asian countries broke the barrier of receiving 5,000 U.S. S & E doctorates in a single year, but China came closest when it received 4,500 in 2007. 110ÂÊ 21. 3-002-243 (2012Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 36¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ µµÇ¥ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ¹®ÀåÀº? World Electricity Generation by Source of Energy in 1971 and 2007 ±Û»óÀÚ ½ÃÀÛ 1971 coal and peat: 40.1% oil: 20.9% hydro: 23.0% gas: 13.3% nuclear: 2.1% other: 0.6% 2007 coal and peat: 41.6% gas: 20.9% hydro: 15.6% nuclear: 13.8% oil: 5.6% other: 2.5% ±Û»óÀÚ ³¡ The graphs above show the percentage of world electricity generation by sources of energy for 1971 and 2007. ¨ç According to the graphs, the primary source of electricity generation in both 1971 and 2007 was coal and peat, accounting for over 40% of the total electricity generation. ¨è Oil showed the biggest decrease in electricity generation, which fell from 20.9% in 1971 to 5.6% in 2007. ¨é The source that showed the biggest increase was nuclear, which rose from 2.1% in 1971 to 13.8% in 2007. ¨ê In 1971, hydro was the second biggest source of electricity generation, but in 2007, gas was the second biggest, accounting for more than 20% of the total electricity generation. ¨ë Besides coal and peat, hydro was the only source that accounted for more than 20% of the total electricity generation in both 1971 and 2007. 22. 3-002-244 (2012Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 36¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ µµÇ¥ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ¹®ÀåÀº? Pro Sports Career Earnings and Participation Rates in the U.S. in 2008 (in Million of Dollors) ±Û»óÀÚ ½ÃÀÛ Football Median Lifetime Earnings: 1.1 Professionals Per 1,000 High School Participants: 1.6 Basketball Median Lifetime Earnings: 12.3 Professionals Per 1,000 High School Participants: 0.9 Baseball Median Lifetime Earnings: 6.4 Professionals Per 1,000 High School Participants: 1.8 Soccer Median Lifetime Earnings: 0.5 Professionals Per 1,000 High School Participants: 0.4 Golf Median Lifetime Earnings: 6.8 Professionals Per 1,000 High School Participants: 1.3 Hockey Median Lifetime Earnings: 5.0 Professionals Per 1,000 High School Participants: 4.1 ±Û»óÀÚ ³¡ The above graph shows the number of professionals per 1,000 high school participants and the median lifetime earnings for the given six sports in the United States in 2008. ¨ç Basketball had the highest median lifetime earnings and hockey had the highest number of professionals per 1,000 high school participants. ¨è Soccer had the lowest median lifetime earnings and the lowest number of professionals per 1,000 high school participants. ¨é Golf and baseball, ranked second and third in median lifetime earnings respectively, both had median lifetime earnings above 6 million dollars. ¨ê The only two sports that had median lifetime earnings less than 4 million dollars were football and soccer. ¨ë Except for hockey, which had more than 4 professionals per 1,000 high school participants, the remaining five sports all had less than 1.5 professionals per 1,000 high school participants. 111ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 96ÂÊ 23. 3-002-245 (2012Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 36¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ µµÇ¥ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀº? Q: When lookong for new information online, what type of websites do you use? ±Û»óÀÚ ½ÃÀÛ Search Engines: 37% Portals (Yahoo, MSN, AOL, etc): 34% Sites Dedicated to a Specific Area(e.g., CNET for technology): 11% Wikipedia: 9% Blogs: 5% Facebook, Myspace, Twitter, etc.: 4% Social Media(Wikipedia, Blogs, Facebook, Myspace, Twitter, etc.)=18% ±Û»óÀÚ ³¡ The graph above shows the types of websites people use when they look for new information online. ¨ç The most preferred type of websites is Search Engines, whereas the least preferred type of websites is Facebook, Myspace, Twitter, etc. ¨è The combined percentage of the two most preferred types of websites is seventy one. ¨é While there is only a three percent difference between the top two most preferred types of websites, there is more than a twenty percent gap between the second and the third most preferred types of websites. ¨ê The three least preferred types of websites are Wikipedia, Blogs, and Facebook, Myspace, Twitter, etc. ¨ë When the percentages of the types of websites in Social Media are combined, the result exceeds the percentage of Sites Dedicated to a Specific Area by ten percent. 24. 3-002-246 (2011Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 38¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ µµÇ¥ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀº? Percentage of Children Diagnosed with Asthma in Canada(From Birth to 5 Years of Age) (%) ±Û»óÀÚ ½ÃÀÛ Male Female ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Rural 2000-2001: 10.0 7.1 2002-2003: 10.0 5.9 2004-2005: 8.6 5.9 Urban 2000-2001: 12.5 8.2 2002-2003: 11.8 7.3 2004-2005: 11.5 6.3 ±Û»óÀÚ ³¡ The above graph shows the percentage of children from birth to 5 years of age by gender diagnosed with asthma in rural and urban areas in Canada for the 2000?2001, 2002?2003, and 2004?2005 periods. ¨ç For both rural and urban areas, the percentages of male children diagnosed with asthma were higher than those of female children for all the periods. ¨è During all the periods, the percentages of male children with asthma were higher in urban areas than in rural areas. ¨é Regarding female children with asthma, the lowest percentage in urban areas was greater than the highest percentage in rural areas. ¨ê In urban areas, the percentage of male children with asthma in the 2004?2005 period was lower than that of male children with asthma in the 2000?2001 period. ¨ë In rural areas, the percentages of female children with asthma were the same in the 2002?2003 period and the 2004 ?2005 period. * asthma: õ½Ä 112ÂÊ 25. 3-002-247 (2011Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 36¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ µµÇ¥ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀº? Familiarity of Five Social Media (%) ±Û»óÀÚ ½ÃÀÛ 2007 2008 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Blogging: 61 67 Podcsting: 53 30 Social Networking: 50 70 Wikis: 43 30 Video Blogging: 50 64 ±Û»óÀÚ ³¡ The bar graph above shows the familiarity of the respondents with five prominent social media in 2007 and 2008. ¨ç According to the graph, the social media that was the most familiar in 2007 was blogging. ¨è In the following year, social networking became the most familiar social media. ¨é Video blogging, which was the least familiar social media in 2007, showed the biggest increase in familiarity among the three media that showed an increase from 2007 to 2008. ¨ê Wikis showed a bigger decrease in familiarity than podcasting from 2007 to 2008. ¨ë In 2008, podcasting and wikis were the least familiar social media. 26. 3-002-248 (2011Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 35¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ µµÇ¥ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ¹®ÀåÀº? Population Growth & Rorest Loss Since 1990 ±Û»óÀÚ ½ÃÀÛ6 Population Growth Forest Loss ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Europe: 2% minus 6% North America: 17% 2% Asia: 22% 3% Oceanina: 22% 14% Latin America: 26% 34% Africa: 42% 44% ±Û»óÀÚ ³¡ The graph above shows the percentage of population growth and forest loss in the continents of the world since 1990. ¨ç Africa shows the highest percentage of population growth, whereas Europe shows the lowest percentage of population growth. ¨è Africa also shows the highest percentage of forest loss, followed by Latin America, Oceania, Asia and North America. ¨é The only continent that exhibits a negative percentage in forest loss, which translates to forest gain, is Europe. ¨ê A point of note is that while Asia and Oceania have similar percentages of population growth, Oceania displays less forest loss than Asia. ¨ë Overall, there are only two continents whose percentage of forest loss is greater than five percent. 113ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 97ÂÊ 27. 3-002-249 (2010Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 35¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ µµÇ¥ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ¹®ÀåÀº? Growth Fate of Total Output in the U.S. (Percent) ±Û»óÀÚ ½ÃÀÛ growth rate of labor productivity growth rate in the number of bonus worked ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1960-1969(4.58): 2.73 1.85 1970-1979(3.67): 1.92 1.75 1980-1989(3.12): 1.38 1.74 1990-1994(3.38): 1.82 1.56 1995-1999(4.37): 2.22 2.15 ±Û»óÀÚ ³¡ The graph above shows the growth rate of total output in the U.S. from 1960 to 1999. The growth rate of total output is equal to the growth rate in the number of hours worked plus the growth rate of labor productivity. ¨ç The 1960?1969 period displayed the highest growth rate of total output of all the periods in the graph. ¨è The growth rate of total output declined from the 1960?1969 period to the 1980?1989 period. ¨é The only period where the growth rate in the number of hours worked exceeded the labor productivity growth rate was the 1980?1989 period. ¨ê The 1990?1994 period showed an increase in the growth rate of total output from the 1980?1989 period. ¨ë The 1995?1999 period displayed the second highest growth rate of total output and the greatest labor productivity growth rate of all the time periods. 28. 3-002-250 (2010Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 36¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ Ç¥ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ¹®ÀåÀº? The learning Pyramid (Average Retention Rate After 24 Hours) ±Û»óÀÚ ½ÃÀÛ Processing Type-Verbal Processing Instructional Method Lecture: 5% Reading: 10% Processing Type-Verbal and Visual Processing Instructional Method Audiovisual: 20% Demonstration: 30% Discussion Group: 50% Processing Type-Doing Instructional Method Practioce by Doing: 75% Teach Others/Immediate Use of Learning: 90% ±Û»óÀÚ ³¡ (Source: National Training Laboratories of Bethel) The above diagram shows the average retention rate of learning after 24 hours for various instructional methods which are categorized into different processing types. ¨ç The percentage of average retention increases from the top to the bottom of the pyramid. ¨è At the top of the pyramid is Lecture which results in an average retention of 5%, followed by Reading that yields 10% average retention. ¨é Regarding the Verbal and Visual Processing type, the average percentage of retention increases from Audiovisual to Demonstration to Discussion Group. ¨ê The instructional methods, Practice by Doing and Teach Others/Immediate Use of Learning, belonging to the processing type of Doing, result in 75% and 90% average retention, respectively. ¨ë The average retention rate of Teach Others/Immediate Use of Learning is four times that of Demonstration. * retention: ±â¾ï º¸À¯·Â 114ÂÊ 29. 3-002-251 (2010Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 35¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ Ç¥ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ¹®ÀåÀº? Technology Use Among Students and Teachers in the U.S.(%) ±Û»óÀÚ ½ÃÀÛ Technology Products/Groups: Kindergarten~Grade 3 Grades 4~6 Grades 7~12 Teachers ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Desktop computer: 58 60 82 93 Laptop computer: 21 28 35 39 Cell phone: 39 49 75 60 MP3 player: 12 22 46 6 Video game player: 53 55 61 3 ±Û»óÀÚ ³¡ The above table shows the differences in technology product use on a weekly basis among grade groups of students and teachers in the U.S. ¨ç As the students go up in grade group, the percentage of technology product use also increases. ¨è The percentage of desktop computer use is the highest, immediately followed by that of video game player use by all three student groups. ¨é With respect to cell phones, 39% of the students in the kindergarten to grade 3 group use them, whereas 49% and 75% of the students in the grade 4~6 and 7~12 groups use them, respectively. ¨ê For desktop and laptop computer use, the teachers show a higher percentage than all three student groups. ¨ë The teachers have a lower percentage of MP3 player and video game player use than all three student groups. 30. 3-002-252 (2009Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 35¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ µµÇ¥ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ¹®ÀåÀº? Changes in School Enrollment Rates ±Û»óÀÚ ½ÃÀÛ Ages 3-4 1970: 20 1980: 35 1990: 43 2000: 53 2006: 56 Ages 5-6 1970: 90 1980: 98 1990: 95 2000: 95 2006: 93 Ages 7-13 1970: 100 1980: 100 1990: 100 2000: 98 2006: 100 Ages 14-17 1970: 93 1980: 92 1990: 93 2000: 94 2006: 95 Ages 18-19 1970: 48 1980: 45 1990: 52 2000: 60 2006: 68 ±Û»óÀÚ ³¡ The above graph shows changes in school enrollment rates of the population ages 3?19 by age group from 1970 to 2006. ¨ç The enrollment rates of all age groups were higher than 50 percent in 2006. ¨è Of all age groups, the enrollment rate for youth ages 7?13 was the highest during the entire period covered by the graph. ¨é Of all age groups, the enrollment rate of children ages 5?6 increased the most from 1970 to 2006. ¨ê The overall change in the enrollment rate from 1980 to 1990 was smaller for youth ages 14?17 than for youth ages 18?19. ¨ë The lowest enrollment rate is seen in children ages 3?4 among all age groups for each year. 115ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 99ÂÊ 31. 3-002-253 (2009Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 34¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ µµÇ¥ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ¹®ÀåÀº? Operating Margin and Net Profit(1999~2007) ±Û»óÀÚ ½ÃÀÛ 1999 operating margin (% of sales): 4 net profit (US $ billion): 8 2000 operating margin (% of sales): 3 net profit (US $ billion): 3 2001 operating margin (% of sales): -4 net profit (US $ billion): -13 2002 operating margin (% of sales): -2 net profit (US $ billion): -12 2003 operating margin (% of sales): -1 net profit (US $ billion): -7 2004 operating margin (% of sales): 1 net profit (US $ billion): -5 2005 operating margin (% of sales): 1 net profit (US $ billion): -3 2006 operating margin (% of sales): 2 net profit (US $ billion): -1 2007 operating margin (% of sales): 2 net profit (US $ billion): 2 ±Û»óÀÚ ³¡ The above graph shows the ¡®operating margin¡¯ represented by the line and the ¡®net profit¡¯ by the bars in the international airline industry from 1999 to 2007. ¨ç_In 1999, the operating margin reached its highest point._ ¨è_Since 1999, the operating margin decreased until 2001 and then continually increased._ ¨é_The operating margin was negative from 2001 to 2003, being the lowest in 2002._ The operating margin of 2007 was not as high as that of 1999. ¨ê_The net profit was the highest in 1999 and the lowest in 2001._ ¨ë_During the period from 2001 to 2006, the net profit was negative._ 32. 3-002-254 (2009Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 35¹ø) À¯ÀüÀÚ º¯Çü ÀÛ¹°(transgenic crop)ÀÇ ÀÌÁ¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ µµÇ¥ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ¹®ÀåÀº? THE TRANSGENIC ADVANTAGE (^35^ Áõ°¡, ^35^ °¨¼Ò, ´ÜÀ§: %) ±Û»óÀÚ ½ÃÀÛ ARGENTINA SEED COST: ^26^530 PESTICIDE COST: ^35^47 YIELD: ^26^33 REVENUE: ^26^34 PROFIT: ^26^31 MEXICO SEED COST: ^26^165 PESTICIDE COST: ^35^77 YIELD: ^26^11 REVENUE: ^26^9 PROFIT: ^26^12 CHINA SEED COST: ^26^95 PESTICIDE COST: ^35^67 YIELD: ^26^19 REVENUE: ^26^23 PROFIT: ^26^340 SOUTH AFRICA SEED COST: ^26^89 PESTICIDE COST: ^35^58 YIELD: ^26^65 REVENUE: ^26^65 PROFIT: ^26^299 ±Û»óÀÚ ³¡ The above chart shows the economic advantage of transgenic cotton farming over conventional farming in four countries in 2003. ¨ç_In all the countries, the seed cost for the transgenic crop was higher than that for the conventional one._ However, lower pesticide costs, higher yields, and higher revenues made the transgenic crop more profitable. ¨è_The profit ratio varied from country to country._ ¨é_In Argentina, the ratio of the transgenic seed cost to the cost of the conventional one was higher than that of the other countries._ ¨ê_In South Africa, the profit ratio of the transgenic crop to the conventional one was the highest, followed by China._ ¨ë_Among the nations, Mexico's crop produced the lowest ratios in yield and profit as compared to the conventional one._ * pesticide: »ìÃæÁ¦ * revenue: ÃѼöÀÍ 116ÂÊ 33. 3-002-255 (2008Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 35¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ µµÇ¥ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ¹®ÀåÀº? Top 5 Preferred Job Selection Factors for Seniors (´ÜÀ§: %) ±Û»óÀÚ ½ÃÀÛ Male Female ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Payment: 43.9 47.1 Sustainability: 20.9 14.5 Workload and Time: 11.0 18.8 Past Experience: 9.9 6.1 Commuting: 3.1 4.5 ±Û»óÀÚ ³¡ The above chart shows the top five preferred factors for male and female job seekers aged 55 to 79 in 2006. ¨ç ¡®Payment¡¯ is the most preferred factor for both male and female job seekers in this age group. ¨è As for men, ¡®sustainability¡¯ is the second most favored factor in choosing a job. ¨é As for women, ¡®workload and time¡¯ is preferred to ¡®sustainability¡¯ in their job seeking. ¨ê The percentage of women who tend to choose a job based on ¡®past experience¡¯ is higher than that of men. ¨ë ¡®Commuting¡¯ is the least considered factor for both among the top five, but still it is a more favored factor for women than for men. 34. 3-002-256 (2008Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 35¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ µµÇ¥ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ¹®ÀåÀº? Where Young Australians Turn for Advice, by age (´ÜÀ§: %) ±Û»óÀÚ ½ÃÀÛ 11~14 years 15~19 years 20~24 years ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Friends: 27.5 30.0 32.0 Parents: 30.0 25.0 23.0 Relatives: 23.0 22.5 19.5 Teachers: 7.5 6.0 5.0 Mass Media: 9.5 7.0 14.0 Other Sources: 2.0 9.5 8.0 ±Û»óÀÚ ³¡ The graph above shows the results of a survey conducted in 2005 regarding young Australians' sources of advice by age group. ¨ç Friends, parents, and relatives were the three most common sources of advice for all age groups, although their relative importance varied with age. ¨è As age increased, friends progressively became a more important source of advice, while parents and relatives became less important. ¨é Those aged from 11 to 14 turned more often to parents than friends for advice. ¨ê For young Australians aged from 15 to 19, friends was the biggest source of advice, followed by parents. ¨ë For those aged from 20 to 24, their dependence upon mass media was the lowest among the three age groups, while their dependence upon teachers was the highest. 117ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 100ÂÊ 35. 3-002-257 (2008Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 35¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ µµÇ¥ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ¹®ÀåÀº? Number of Birds and of Bird Species (Month) ±Û»óÀÚ ½ÃÀÛ Month: Number of bird species Number of birds ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 12: 50 12,000 1: 40 3,800 2: 33 2,000 3: 60 4,200 4: 120 9,500 5: 140 5,000 6: 40 1,800 7: 20 1,000 8: 50 3,200 9: 110 6,000 10: 100 6,400 11: 80 10,800 ±Û»óÀÚ ³¡ The chart above shows the changes in the number of birds and of bird species on an island off the coast of Korea from December 2005 to November 2006. ¨ç The largest number of birds was observed in December, and the largest number of species was observed in May. ¨è July contained the smallest number of both birds and species. ¨é The greatest decrease in the number of species was observed from June to July. ¨ê There was a continuous decrease in the number of birds from April to July. ¨ë In contrast, a continuous increase in the number of birds was noted from July to November. 118ÂÊ ^[07°­ ¹«°üÇÑ ¹®Àå ã±â À¯Çü ¼Ò°³ * ±ÛÀ» ÀÐÀ¸¸é¼­ ÀüüÀûÀÎ ÀÏ°ü¼ºÀ» ÆľÇÇÏ¿© ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú Àß ¸ÂÁö ¾Ê°Å³ª ÁÖÁ¦°¡ ´Ù¸¥ ¹®ÀåÀ» ã¾Æ³»´Â À¯ÇüÀÌ´Ù. * ¼ÒÀç°¡ ´Ù¸¥ ¹®ÀåÀÌ »ðÀԵǾî ÀÖ´Â À¯Çü°ú ¼ÒÀç´Â °°Áö¸¸ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ¾î¿ï¸®Áö ¾Ê´Â ¹®ÀåÀ» ã´Â À¯ÇüÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ƯÈ÷ ¼ÒÀç°¡ °°°Å³ª À¯»çÇÑ ¹®ÀåÀÌ µé¾î°¡ ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ¸¹À¸¹Ç·Î ±ÛÀÇ ³í¸®ÀûÀÎ È帧À» ÆľÇÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÇØ°á ¹æ¹ý * À¯»çÇϰųª µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ¼ÒÀ縦 »ç¿ëÇ쵂 °üÁ¡ÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ ¹®ÀåÀ» ã¾Æ³»¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±ÛÀ» ÀÐÀ¸¸ç ÇÊÀÚÀÇ °üÁ¡À» ¸íÈ®ÇÏ°Ô ÆľÇÇÏ°í ³íÁö¿¡¼­ ¹þ¾î³­ ¹®ÀåÀ» ãÀ¸·Á ³ë·ÂÇÑ´Ù. * ¸ÕÀú ù ¹®ÀåÀ» ÀÐÀ¸¸é¼­ ÇÊÀÚÀÇ ¿äÁö³ª ±ÛÀÇ ÁÖÁ¦¸¦ ÆľÇÇÏ°í µÚÀÌÀº ¹®ÀåµéÀÌ ±×¿Í ³í¸®ÀûÀ¸·Î °°Àº È帧ÀÎÁö Àо¸é¼­ ÆľÇÇÑ´Ù. * ±ÛÀÇ µÞºÎºÐ¿¡ ´äÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢Çϸé ÀǿܷΠƲ¸± °æ¿ì°¡ ¸¹´Ù. ¨ç¹øÀ̳ª ¨è¹ø¿¡ ´äÀÌ ÀÖÀ» ¼öµµ ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ÀüüÀûÀÎ È帧À» ¿°µÎ¿¡ µÎ°í Àоî¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. * ¿¬°á¾î°¡ ÀÚ¿¬½º·¯¿îÁö, Áö½Ã¾î ȤÀº ºñ±³Çϴ ǥÇöÀÌ ¾Õ¼­ ³ª¿Â ¹®Àå°ú ÀÚ¿¬½º·´°Ô ¿¬°áµÇ´ÂÁö¸¦ ÆľÇÇØ¾ß ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÇØ°áÇϱⰡ ½±´Ù. 119ÂÊÁ¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 101ÂÊ 1. 3-002-258 (2014Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É AÇü 38¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±Û¿¡¼­ Àüü È帧°ú °ü°è ¾ø´Â ¹®ÀåÀº? Life can be like riding a roller coaster. There are ups and downs, fast and slow parts, bumps and shaky parts, and even times when you're upside down. ¨ç You can't control which way the track (or in this case, life events) will take you. ¨è When you're at the bottom, you can see only what's right in front of you, but when you get to the top, you can see the whole picture a lot better. ¨é When you're starting out, accept how you feel and try to enjoy the ride. ¨ê When you design an amusement park for children, you should carefully consider the location of the roller coaster. ¨ë When it's over, you'll see that it was really cool--even if you could't see that when you first started. 2. 3-002-259 (2014Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò AÇü 38¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±Û¿¡¼­ Àüü È帧°ú °ü°è ¾ø´Â ¹®ÀåÀº? Power walking is a type of exercise that nearly anyone can do. ¨ç Many people enjoy this form of exercise because it can be done outdoors in fresh air where the scenery can be changed by altering the course of the walk. ¨è Alternatively, the exercise may be done indoors, in a climate-controlled environment, on a treadmill. ¨é People should start with a short distance on flat ground and gradually increase the distance and intensity. ¨ê Instruct people to sit on the bench and to start reading their newspapers carefully. ¨ë While power walking, people should wear shoes with a good arch support to avoid injury and wear clothes appropriate for the climate. * treadmill: ȸÀü½Ä º§Æ® À§¸¦ ´Þ¸®´Â ¿îµ¿ ±â±¸ 3. 3-002-260 (2014Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò AÇü 38¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±Û¿¡¼­ Àüü È帧°ú °ü°è ¾ø´Â ¹®ÀåÀº? People believe that ¡°good books¡± are educational and useful to academic success. However, it appears that the nature of written language itself helps increase academic achievement, regardless of a book's quality. ¨ç Even books that provide only pleasure will increase the confidence of students and encourage them to try to read more technical materials in school. ¨è Comics, magazines, audiobooks, and topics of interest on the Internet are sometimes not considered ¡°real¡± reading materials. ¨é Students should try to guess the meaning of new words while they read rather than look them up in the dictionary. ¨ê However, these materials let students enjoy the pleasure of reading and gain information, literacy skills, and more. ¨ë This ¡°light¡± reading is actually very beneficial because it is effortless reading, which improves reading fluency. 120ÂÊ 4. 3-002-261 (2014Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É ¿¹ºñ½ÃÇà AÇü 38¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±Û¿¡¼­ Àüü È帧°ú °ü°è ¾ø´Â ¹®ÀåÀº? Did you know that one of the most common fears students have is the fear of public speaking? ¨ç I have heard a number of people say that they once failed a class because they refused to give a speech. ¨è That fear was based on how they felt others would judge them or their presentation. ¨é Those who have a fear of public speaking often tell themselves that people in the crowd will silently think bad things about them. ¨ê If they want to be more relaxed during social activities, they need to interact with others in a positive way. ¨ë The truth is, however, some people in the audience aren't even listening to the presentation because they are thinking about their anxiety over their own presentations or something else altogether. 5. 3-002-262 (2013Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 41¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±Û¿¡¼­ ÀüüÀÇ È帧°ú °ü°è ¾ø´Â ¹®ÀåÀº? Apologies often fail. One reason apologies fail is that the ¡°offender¡± and the ¡°victim¡± usually see the event differently. Examining personal narratives, researchers have found that those who cause harm tend to minimize the offense--probably to protect themselves from shame and guilt. They also tend to downplay the consequences of their actions. ¨ç These tendencies can inflame the anger of the hurt person, who, in contrast, may see an offense as bigger than it really is. ¨è When sincere apologies are offered in an ordinary human relationship, they are readily accepted by the victims and reconciliations ensue. ¨é Those who are hurt tend to see the act as one with severe consequences and as part of an ongoing pattern that is inexcusable and immoral. ¨ê Each person has his or her own truth, and there is distortion on both sides. ¨ë Therefore, to apologize sincerely we must first listen attentively to how the other person really feels about what happened--not simply assert what we think happened. 6. 3-002-263 (2013Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 41¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±Û¿¡¼­ Àüü È帧°ú °ü°è ¾ø´Â ¹®ÀåÀº? Economic distance relates to the time and cost involved in traveling from the origin to the destination area and back. The higher the economic distance, the higher the resistance for that destination and, consequently, the lower the demand. ¨ç It follows, conversely, that between any origin and destination point, if the travel time or travel cost can be reduced, demand will increase. ¨è Many excellent examples of this are available, such as the introduction of the jet plane in 1959 and the introduction of the wide-bodied jets in the late 1960s. ¨é Jet planes first cut travel time between California and Hawaii, for example, from twelve hours to five hours, and demand grew dramatically. ¨ê A similar surge in demand was experienced with the introduction of the wide-bodied planes for transatlantic flights. ¨ë The agricultural products picked up from Hawaiian farms in the morning were on dinner tables in Californian homes by evening. The introduction of these planes cut the travel cost by almost 50 percent between the United States and most countries on the European continent. 121ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 102ÂÊ 7. 3-002-264 (2013Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 41¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±Û¿¡¼­ Àüü È帧°ú °ü°è ¾ø´Â ¹®ÀåÀº? According to sociologists, one of the most widespread and basic norms of human culture is embodied in the rule for reciprocation. ¨ç The rule requires that one person try to repay, in kind, what another person has provided. ¨è By obligating the recipient of an act to repayment in the future, the rule for reciprocation allows one individual to give something to another with confidence that it is not being lost. ¨é Sociologists have a desire to be consistent with their words, beliefs, attitudes, and deeds. ¨ê This sense of future obligation within the rule makes possible the development of various kinds of continuing relationships, transactions, and exchanges that are beneficial to the society. ¨ë Consequently, all members of the society are trained from childhood to follow the rule or suffer serious social disapproval. * reciprocation: º¸´ä 8. 3-002-265 (2013Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 42¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±Û¿¡¼­ Àüü È帧°ú °ü°è ¾ø´Â ¹®ÀåÀº? Several plane crashes and near crashes have been attributed to dangerous downward wind bursts known as wind shear. These wind bursts generally result from high-speed downdrafts in the turbulence of thunderstorms, but they can occur in clear air when rain evaporates high above the ground. ¨ç The downdraft spreads out when it hits the ground and forms an inward circular pattern. ¨è A plane entering the pattern experiences an unexpected upward headwind that lifts the plane. ¨é Special radar systems are being installed at major airports to detect the location of unpredictable thunderstorms. ¨ê To resist it, the pilot often cuts speed and lowers the plane's nose to compensate. ¨ë Further into the circular pattern, the wind quickly turns downward, and an airplane can suddenly lose altitude and possibly crash when it is near the ground, as upon landing. * wind shear: °©Àڱ⠹æÇâÀÌ ¹Ù²î´Â µ¹Ç³ 9. 3-002-266 (2012Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 22¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±Û¿¡¼­ Àüü È帧°ú °ü°è ¾ø´Â ¹®ÀåÀº? During the 1997 Kyoto negotiations, Brazil made a suggestion that has since become known as the Brazilian Proposal. ¨ç Its idea was that countries should now share the burden of emissions cuts according to how historically responsible they were for the problem. ¨è In other words, we should calculate what concentration of greenhouse gases each country has put into the atmosphere over time and use those figures to allocate emissions cuts. ¨é That would mean, for instance, that countries such as Germany and the United Kingdom, which have been emitting for longer than most countries, would bear a larger share than their current emissions implied. ¨ê Greenhouse gases have been known to absorb heat and hold this heat in the atmosphere, instead of reflecting it back into space. ¨ë It would also mean that big emitters that had developed their industries more recently, such as Australia, would bear less of a share. 122ÂÊ 10. 3-002-267 (2012Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 22¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±Û¿¡¼­ Àüü È帧°ú °ü°è ¾ø´Â ¹®ÀåÀº? Albert Einstein sought relentlessly for a so-called unified field theory--a theory capable of describing nature's forces within a single, all-encompassing, coherent framework. ¨ç Einstein was not motivated by the things we often associate with scientific undertakings, such as trying to explain this or that piece of experimental data. ¨è Instead, he was driven by a passionate belief that the deepest understanding of the universe would reveal its truest wonder: the simplicity and power of the principles on which it is based. ¨é As in Einstein's formulation, the two theories underlying the tremendous progress of physics were mutually incompatible. ¨ê Einstein wanted to illuminate the workings of the universe with a clarity never before achieved, allowing us all to stand in awe of its sheer beauty and elegance. ¨ë In his day, however, Einstein never realized this dream, mainly because a number of essential features of matter and the forces of nature were either unknown or, at best, poorly understood. 11. 3-002-268 (2012Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 23¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±Û¿¡¼­ Àüü È帧°ú °ü°è ¾ø´Â ¹®ÀåÀº? Since the 1980's, zoos have strived to reproduce the natural habitats of their animals, replacing concrete floors and steel bars with grass, rocks, trees, and pools of water. These environments may simulate the wild, but the animals do not have to worry about finding food, shelter, or safety from predators. ¨ç While this may not seem like such a bad deal at first glance, the animals experience numerous complications. ¨è And yet, most of the complications were settled with no delay in order to ensure the animals' health and safety. ¨é The zebras live constantly in fear, smelling the lions in the nearby Great Cats exhibit every day and finding themselves unable to escape. ¨ê There is no possibility of migrating or of storing food for the winter, which must seem to promise equally certain doom to a bird or bear. ¨ë In short, zoo life is utterly incompatible with an animal's most deeply-rooted survival instincts. * doom: Æĸê, Á¾¸» 12. 3-002-269 (2011Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 22¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±Û¿¡¼­ Àüü È帧°ú °ü°è ¾ø´Â ¹®ÀåÀº? Consider the following implication involving the role of social bonds and affection among group members. If strong bonds make even a single dissent less likely, the performance of groups and institutions will be impaired. ¨ç A study of investment clubs showed that the worst-performing clubs were built on affective ties and were primarily social, while the best-performing clubs limited social connections and focused on making money. ¨è Dissent was far more frequent in the high-performing clubs. ¨é The low performers usually voted unanimously, with little open debate. ¨ê As illustrated in the study, the high performers placed more importance on social bonds than the low performers, resulting in their high rate of success. ¨ë The central problem is that the voters in low-performing groups were trying to build social cohesion rather than to produce the highest returns. 123ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 104ÂÊ 13. 3-002-270 (2011Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 22¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±Û¿¡¼­ Àüü È帧°ú °ü°è ¾ø´Â ¹®ÀåÀº? Geothermal heat, generated inside the Earth, helps keep the temperature of the ground at a depth of several meters at a nearly constant temperature of about 10¢ªC to 20¢ªC. ¨ç This constant temperature can be used to cool and heat buildings by using a heat pump. ¨è A heat pump contains a water-filled loop of pipe, which is buried to a depth where the temperature is nearly constant. ¨é In summer, warm water from the building is pumped through the pipe down into the ground, since the underground temperature is lower than the air temperature. ¨ê However, far more use is made of geothermal energy for direct heat than any other source of energy. ¨ë The water cools and then is pumped back to the building where it absorbs more heat, and the cycle is repeated. 14. 3-002-271 (2011Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 22¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±Û¿¡¼­ Àüü È帧°ú °ü°è ¾ø´Â ¹®ÀåÀº? The famous expression, ¡°Keep your friends close, but keep your enemies even closer,¡± was exemplified well in Nelson Mandela's attempt to learn Afrikaans, the language of his enemy. ¨ç Mandela first began to learn the language of the Afrikaners, the white South Africans, in the 1960's to the disapproval of his followers. ¨è They thought it was a waste of time, but Mandela felt that it was crucial for gaining insight into the world view of the Afrikaners. ¨é By obtaining this perspective of how the Afrikaners looked at the world, he would be able to understand their strengths and weaknesses. ¨ê In many ways, Mandela's greatest contribution as president of the South Africans including the Afrikaners was the way he chose to leave the presidency. ¨ë This understanding of the Afrikaners proved to be invaluable later in successfully persuading them to accept his people's demands. 15. 3-002-272 (2010Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 23¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±Û¿¡¼­ Àüü È帧°ú °ü°è ¾ø´Â ¹®ÀåÀº? Most of you experience urges when trying to break a habit and these can be hard to resist unless you find something else to do instead, and best of all, something that uses the same part of the body--even the same muscles. ¨ç If the habit involves your hands, as when pulling out hair, then try to occupy them in some other way. ¨è Playing with a toy or opening and closing your fists for a couple of minutes might be an answer. ¨é The habit of scratching can be replaced with rubbing in some lotion or patting with the palm of the hand. ¨ê If the itches, however, do not disappear, stop scratching and take the medicine. ¨ë One 35-year-old woman who used to rub her eyes with her hands until they became sore and infected found it helpful to put on make-up when she was tempted to rub. 124ÂÊ 16. 3-002-273 (2010Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 23¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±Û¿¡¼­ Àüü È帧°ú °ü°è ¾ø´Â ¹®ÀåÀº? There are some areas of mathematics where long, unpleasant but basically routine calculations have to be done, and there are some good computer programs for doing them. ¨ç Thus, computers can be very useful time-saving devices, sometimes so much so that they enable mathematicians to discover results that they could not have discovered on their own. ¨è Nevertheless, the kind of help that computers can provide is very limited. ¨é One point that deserves to be made is that the lack of women in mathematics is another statistical phenomenon. ¨ê If it happens that your problem, or more usually sub-problem, is one of the small minority that can be solved by a long and repetitive search, then well and good. ¨ë If, on the other hand, you are stuck and need a bright idea, then, in the present state of technology, a computer will be no help whatsoever. 17. 3-002-274 (2010Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 22¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±Û¿¡¼­ Àüü È帧°ú °ü°è ¾ø´Â ¹®ÀåÀº? If you lead a busy life and are short of time, you may find that you are eating a full meal only about once a day. ¨ç From the standpoint of health, this is a bad practice. ¨è You would be treating your body with more consideration if you had several small meals instead of a single big one. ¨é A given amount of food is used more efficiently by the body if it is spaced throughout the day rather than eaten at one sitting. ¨ê Such symptoms are likely to occur in people who drink more than five cups of strong black coffee in a single day. ¨ë People who have large, infrequent meals tend to gain more weight and to have a higher level of fat in the blood than do those who eat smaller quantities (but the same total) at regular intervals. 18. 3-002-275 (2009Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 23¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±Û¿¡¼­ Àüü È帧°ú °ü°è ¾ø´Â ¹®ÀåÀº? Roman doll-makers continued to use technology developed by the Egyptians and Greeks, but in line with the artistic sensibilities of their culture, they were constantly trying to make dolls more elegant and beautiful. ¨ç One doll, found near Prati in Rome, was made of ivory and lay beside her owner who had died at the age of eighteen. ¨è The huge growth in the understanding of civilization raised awareness of other important roles of trade. ¨é Next to the doll was a small box, also made of ivory, containing tiny combs and a silver mirror. ¨ê The doll had rings on her fingers and held a tiny key, which unlocked the box. ¨ë Like children today, the younger members of Roman civilization would have dressed and undressed their dolls, and decorated their hair and fingers according to the latest fashions. 125ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 106ÂÊ 19. 3-002-276 (2009Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 22¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±Û¿¡¼­ Àüü È帧°ú °ü°è ¾ø´Â ¹®ÀåÀº? Ideally, the family is a cooperative, trouble-free unit that shelters its members from the stresses of the outside world, but real families seldom achieve this ideal. ¨ç Periodic conflicts are the rule, not the exception. ¨è Indeed, open disagreements and discussions are an excellent way of resolving the differences that inevitably develop among family members. ¨é Families that avoid conflict by ignoring unpleasant subjects or situations are weaker, not stronger, for it. ¨ê The family system is very much in tune with the social and economic institutions of modern industrialized society. ¨ë As feelings of anger build, such families are likely to turn into an empty shell, in which family members carry out the obligations of their roles but without mutual love or understanding. Thus, an open airing of disagreements is an excellent way to manage family conflict and keep it within acceptable bounds. 20. 3-002-277 (2009Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 23¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±Û¿¡¼­ Àüü È帧°ú °ü°è ¾ø´Â ¹®ÀåÀº? Doubtless, the capacity for contact has a determining influence on health. People with greater capacity for contact have a stronger immune system than those less able to establish relationships with others. ¨ç One study directly measured individuals' sociability in relation to the efficiency of their immune systems. ¨è Question-naires and interviews given to 334 people examined their sociability--the quantity and quality of their relationships in everyday life. ¨é Researchers didn't know how to obtain a representative sample of the population. ¨ê These people were then exposed to a common cold virus. ¨ë It was found that the more sociable a person was, the less subject he was to contagion. * contagion: °¨¿° 21. 3-002-278 (2008Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 23¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±Û¿¡¼­ Àüü È帧°ú °ü°è ¾ø´Â ¹®ÀåÀº? Over the years various systems of grading coins have been developed by antique coin specialists. ¨ç In America a numerical system based on a scale of 1 to 70 has been introduced, in which 1 is the lowest grade possible and 70 is perfect. ¨è The European grades, verbal descriptions, correspond roughly to every ten of the American grades. ¨é Coins reflect both a country's history and its aspirations, and it is natural that collections based on place of origin should develop. ¨ê Thus, the European grade ¡®good¡¯ corresponds to 20 of the American system, ¡®fine¡¯ to 30, ¡®very fine¡¯ to 40, ¡®extremely fine¡¯ to 50, and ¡®almost perfect¡¯ to 60. ¨ë Until recently, numerical grading has been applied only to American coins, but the intention is that eventually these numbers will be used for all types of coins from all over the world. * numerical: ¼ýÀÚ·Î ³ªÅ¸³½ 126ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 108ÂÊ 22. 3-002-279 (2008Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 23¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±Û¿¡¼­ Àüü È帧°ú °ü°è ¾ø´Â ¹®ÀåÀº? When drawing human figures, children often make the head too large for the rest of the body. A recent study offers some insight into this common imbalance in children's drawings. ¨ç As part of the study, researchers asked children between four and seven years old to make several drawings of adults. ¨è When they drew frontal views of the adults, the size of the heads was markedly enlarged. ¨é Adults tended to draw children's faces larger than their own. ¨ê However, when the children drew rear views of the adults, the size of the heads was not nearly so exaggerated. ¨ë The researchers suggest that children draw bigger heads when they know that they must leave space for facial details. 23. 3-002-280 (2008Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 23¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±Û¿¡¼­ Àüü È帧°ú °ü°è ¾ø´Â ¹®ÀåÀº? Few animals have been so mercilessly exploited for their fur as the beaver. ¨ç In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, beaver furs were worth their weight in gold. ¨è As a result, by 1896, at least 14 American states had announced that all of their beavers had been killed. ¨é By the beginning of the twentieth century, it looked as if the beaver was about to disappear from the face of the earth. ¨ê The beaver is a furry animal like a large rat with a big flat tail. ¨ë However, thanks to a beaver recovery program, which included trapping and relocating to protected areas, particularly in suburban areas of the United States, beavers have made an impressive comeback throughout the country. 127ÂÊ ^[08°­ ¿¬°á»ç Ãß·Ð À¯Çü ¼Ò°³ * ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¿¬°á»ç¿Í Á¢¼Ó¾î±¸ÀÇ ÀÇ¹Ì¿Í ±â´ÉÀ» ¾ó¸¶³ª Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´ÂÁö¸¦ ÃøÁ¤Çϱâ À§ÇÑ À¯ÇüÀ¸·Î, ±ÛÀÇ È帧À» À¯±âÀûÀ¸·Î ÆľÇÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´É·ÂÀ» ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸ñÇ¥·Î ÇÑ´Ù. * ±Û ÀüüÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ ÆľÇÇÏ´Â °Íµµ Áß¿äÇÏÁö¸¸ ¿¬°á»ç¿Í Á¢¼Ó¾î±¸¸¦ °í¸£´Â ¹®Á¦´Â ¿¬°á»ç³ª Á¢¼Ó¾î±¸°¡ µé¾î°¥ ¹®ÀåÀÇ ¾ÕµÚ °ü°è¸¦ Á¤È®È÷ ÆľÇÇØ¾ß Ç® ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÇØ°á ¹æ¹ý * ±ÛÀÇ Àü¹ÝÀûÀÎ È帧À» ÆľÇÇϱâ À§ÇØ ºü¸£°Ô Àаí, ƯÈ÷ ºóÄ­ÀÌ µé¾î ÀÖ´Â ¹®ÀåÀÇ ÀüÈÄ ÀÇ¹Ì °ü°è¸¦ ÆľÇÇÑ´Ù. * µÎ °³ Áß ÇÑ °³´Â ¿ªÁ¢ÀÇ ¿¬°á»ç°¡ ³ª¿À´Â °æ¿ì°¡ Á¾Á¾ ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ³»¿ë»ó ¿ªÁ¢ÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö´Â°¡¸¦ ƯÈ÷ ÁÖÀÇÇؼ­ »ìÆì º»´Ù. * »çÀü¿¡ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¿¬°á»ç¿Í Á¢¼Ó¾î±¸ÀÇ ¾²ÀÓ°ú Àǹ̸¦ ¼÷ÁöÇؼ­ ¹®Á¦¸¦ Ç® ¶§ È¥µ¿ÇÏÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï ÁغñÇÑ´Ù. * ¼±ÅÃÇÑ ¿¬°á»ç³ª Á¢¼Ó¾î±¸¸¦ ºóÄ­¿¡ ³ÖÀº ´ÙÀ½, ±ÛÀÇ È帧ÀÌ ÀÚ¿¬½º·¯¿î°¡¸¦ È®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù. 128ÂÊ 1. 3-002-281 (2014Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É AÇü 36¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­ (A), (B)¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Self-monitoring refers to how much people try to control the way they present themselves to others. Those who have high self-monitoring want their behavior to be socially acceptable. They adjust themselves to any social signal that indicates appropriate or inappropriate behavior. (A) ----, if they are in a meeting and see others making suggestions, they will try to make suggestions as well. They are also good at managing what others think about them. (B) ----, those who have low self-monitoring are not very sensitive to signals indicating socially acceptable behavior. They are not too concerned about behaving the right way in a specific context. For example, if they are in a meeting with the president of an organization, they may act bored. They are not deeply concerned about how others see them. (A) (B) ¨ç For example As a result ¨è For example In contrast ¨é Otherwise As a result ¨ê Meanwhile In contrast ¨ë Meanwhile Nevertheless 2. 3-002-282 (2014Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É BÇü 37¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­ (A), (B)¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Oil and gas resources are not likely to be impacted by climate change because they result from a process that takes millions of years and are geologically trapped. (A) ----, climate change may not only force the shutting down of oil-and gas-producing areas, but increase the possibility of exploration in areas of the Arctic through the reduction in ice cover. Thus, while climate change may not impact these resources, oil and gas reserves and known or potential resources could be affected by new climate conditions, since climate change may affect access to these resources. In Siberia, (B) ----, the actual exploration challenge is the time required to access, produce, and deliver oil under extreme environmental conditions, where temperatures in January range from -20¡ÆC to -35¡ÆC. Warming may ease extreme environmental conditions, expanding the production frontier. (A) (B) ¨ç On the other hand however ¨è On the other hand for instance ¨é As a result for instance ¨ê As a result however ¨ë In other words therefore 129ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 109ÂÊ 3. 3-002-283 (2014Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò AÇü 37¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­ (A), (B)¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Pride is a sense that I am better than others, I have the ultimate beauty, talent, and answers, and I alone should rule the world. Pride causes individuals to be out of touch with the reality of who they truly are and of what really brings happiness. Pride prevents individuals from experiencing their true value or the true value of others. A sense of self-worth, (A) ----, provides calmness and enjoyment when dealing with all kinds of individuals. When individuals have a true sense of self-worth, they do not need to compare themselves with others, to tear others apart or feel superior. (B) ----, there is an experience of oneness and sharing. By recognizing where one's true value lies, one simultaneously recognizes the true value of others. (A) (B) ¨ç on the other hand Instead ¨è on the other hand Unfortunately ¨é for example Moreover ¨ê for example Instead ¨ë in addition Unfortunately 4. 3-002-284 (2014Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò BÇü 37¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­ (A), (B)¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Traditionally we have assessed mathematics ability based on the number of correct answers on a page full of computational problems. Learning and memorizing facts, therefore, was the key component to the mathematics instructional program. Recently, (A) ----, many teachers have started placing a greater emphasis on mathematical understanding, problem solving, hands-on experiences, and collaborative work. This change in the instructional program can be attributed to well-informed teachers and the work of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. Now teachers should realize that their students will be using mathematics in a world where calculators, computers, and other forms of technology are readily available. Therefore, the application of mathematics, rather than mere fact acquisition, is what will be expected of them in the workplace and in life, and (B) ---- mathematics instruction should mirror this real life application. (A) (B) ¨ç however otherwise ¨è however nonetheless ¨é however consequently ¨ê moreover accordingly ¨ë moreover similarly 130ÂÊ 5. 3-002-285 (2014Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò AÇü 37¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­ (A), (B)¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? When plants were first grouped together, it was merely for convenience. Even today, plants may be categorized together in unnatural groupings in order to make them easier to identify. (A) ----, some wildflower books arrange together all white-flowered species or all yellow-flowered species. However, such groupings do not reflect natural relationships and make it difficult to recognize family characteristics. We don't infer that all persons with red hair are more closely related to each other than they are to those with dark hair; likewise, all long-haired dogs are not more closely related to each other than they are to short-haired dogs. Modern botanists, (B) ----, try to group plants according to their natural relationships. * botanist: ½Ä¹°ÇÐÀÚ (A) (B) ¨ç For example moreover ¨è For example therefore ¨é In contrast however ¨ê In contrast therefore ¨ë Nevertheless however 6. 3-002-286 (2014Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò BÇü 37¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­ (A), (B)¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? All human societies have economic systems within which goods and services are produced, distributed, and consumed. In one sense, the economic aspect of culture is simply the sum of the choices people make regarding these areas of their lives. These choices critically determine much of people's lives. (A) ----, choosing to become a farmer rather than an insurance broker may determine where you live, who you are likely to meet, the sorts of behaviors you will expect in your spouse and offspring, and so on. However, such choices are not unlimited; rather, they are limited by our cultures, traditions, and technologies. (B) ----, our environments set the boundaries within which choices about the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services are made. To the extent that economic systems are part of culture, people in different cultures have different sorts of economic behavior. (A) (B) ¨ç By contrast Consequently ¨è For example Conversely ¨é For example Furthermore ¨ê Similarly Instead ¨ë Similarly Nevertheless 131ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 110ÂÊ 7. 3-002-287 (2014Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É ¿¹ºñ½ÃÇà AÇü 37¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­ (A), (B)¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? More and more today, English is used by Korean professionals on business in Brazil, by Polish hotel staff welcoming tourists from around the world, or by Indian workers who have taken up jobs in the Gulf States. When the role of a language is to be a tool for communication between non-native speakers, we cannot rationally call it a ¡®foreign¡¯ language. Who is the foreigner, (A) ----, when a speaker from Chile interacts with a colleague from Kazakhstan, using English? In a situation like this, the concept of ¡®foreigner¡¯ and of ¡®foreign language¡¯ is not applicable. Instead, we have a situation where English is acting as a lingua franca. (B) ----, it is acting as the common language for speakers whose mother tongues are different. (A) (B) ¨ç in addition By contrast ¨è however In conclusion ¨é for example That is to say ¨ê by contrast As a result ¨ë therefore Nevertheless 8. 3-002-288 (2014Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É ¿¹ºñ½ÃÇà BÇü 37¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­ (A), (B)¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Color adds beauty to our lives, but it does more than that. Color serves important signaling functions, both natural and contrived by humans. The natural and human-made world provides many color signals that help us identify things. I know a banana is ripe when it has turned yellow and I know to stop when the traffic light turns red. (A) ----, color helps facilitate perceptual organization, the process by which small elements become grouped perceptually into larger objects. Color perception greatly facilitates the ability to tell one object from another and especially to pick out objects within scenes, an ability crucial to the survival of many species. (B) ----, consider a monkey searching for fruit in the forest. A monkey with good color vision easily detects red fruit against a green background, but a color-blind monkey would find it more difficult to find the fruit. Color vision thus enhances the contrast of objects that, if they didn't appear colored, would appear more similar. (A) (B) ¨ç In addition However ¨è In addition For example ¨é In contrast Similarly ¨ê Nonetheless Moreover ¨ë Nonetheless On the other hand 132ÂÊ 9. 3-002-289 (2013Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 29¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­ (A), (B)¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? In physics, scientists invent models, or theories, to describe and predict the data we observe about the universe. Newton's theory of gravity is one example; Einstein's theory of gravity is another. Those theories, though they describe the same phenomenon, constitute very different versions of reality. Newton, (A) ----, imagined that masses affect each other by exerting a force, while in Einstein's theory the effects occur through a bending of space and time and there is no concept of gravity as a force. Either theory could be employed to describe, with great accuracy, the falling of an apple, but Newton's would be much easier to use. (B) ----, for the calculations necessary for the satellite-based global positioning system (GPS) that helps you navigate while driving, Newton's theory would give the wrong answer, and so Einstein's must be used. (A) (B) ¨ç for example On the other hand ¨è for example As a result ¨é therefore As a result ¨ê moreover Likewise ¨ë moreover On the other hand 10. 3-002-290 (2013Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 30¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­ (A), (B)¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? While there are aesthetic and ethical reasons for preserving biodiversity, there are practical considerations as well. We depend on many other species for food, clothing, shelter, oxygen, soil fertility--the list goes on and on. In the United States, 25% of all prescriptions from pharmacies contain substances derived from plants. (A) ----, two substances effective against Hodgkin's disease and certain other forms of cancer come from the rosy periwinkle, a flowering plant native to the island of Madagascar. Madagascar alone harbors some 8,000 species of flowering plants. Unfortunately, Madagascar has lost 80% of its forests and about 50% of its native species. Madagascar's dilemma represents that of much of the developing world. The island is home to over 10 million people, most of whom are desperately poor and hardly in a position to be concerned with environmental conservation. (B) ---- the people of Madagascar as well as others around the globe could derive vital benefits from the biodiversity that is being destroyed. (A) (B) ¨ç In contrast Indeed ¨è In contrast Thus ¨é In short Finally ¨ê For instance Yet ¨ë For instance Similarly 133ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 112ÂÊ 11. 3-002-291 (2013Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 30¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­ (A), (B)¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Persuasion is the strategic use of language to move an audience. It works by appealing to our emotion as well as by appealing to our reason. Therefore, sometimes you may try to appeal to an emotion in your audience by imitating it: hysteria by being hysterical, anger by raging. (A) ----, you may try to re-create the circumstances which excited in you the emotions that you want to excite in your audience. However, the best measure is to appear calm, detached, thoroughly in control of your feelings, while you are controlling your narrative for your own purposes. Even your choice of words should be selective; you must pay attention to their nuances. If you address a labor union, (B) ----, it will make a great difference whether you refer to the members as workers, comrades, or just people. (A) (B) ¨ç In short in addition ¨è By contrast in addition ¨é Hence however ¨ê Nevertheless for example ¨ë Also for example 12. 3-002-292 (2012Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 31¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­ (A), (B)¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? The term euphemism derives from a Greek word meaning ¡®to speak with good words¡¯ and involves substituting a more pleasant, less objectionable way of saying something for a blunt or more direct way. Why do people use euphemisms? They do so probably to help smooth out the ¡®rough edges¡¯ of life, to make the unbearable bearable and the offensive inoffensive. (A) ----, euphemisms can become dangerous when they are used to create misperceptions of important issues. (B) ----, a politician may indicate that one of his statements was ¡®somewhat at variance with the truth,¡¯ meaning that he lied. Even more serious examples include describing rotting slums as ¡®substandard housing,¡¯ making the miserable conditions appear reasonable and the need for action less important. (A) (B) ¨ç However For example ¨è In short For example ¨é That is Similarly ¨ê In addition Therefore ¨ë Nevertheless Similarly 134ÂÊ 13. 3-002-293 (2012Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 30¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­ (A), (B)¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? ¡©Since most of you are working on a word processor, it seems silly to spend too much time on spelling. Your word-processing program will spell check items for you. (A) ----, spelling is not a completely lost art. There are words that are not in the spell checker's dictionary. Also, your spell checker will not help you if you misspell a word and mistakenly turn it into another word. (B) ----, when you write ¡®lightening¡¯ instead of ¡®lightning,¡¯ the program will not recognize the error. So, get in the habit of rereading your work and looking up words that the spell checker does not pick up. You need to develop the skill of knowing when words look wrong. Never hand something in until you have checked it. (A) (B) ¨ç However For example ¨è However Therefore ¨é That is Similarly ¨ê In addition For example ¨ë In addition Therefore 14. 3-002-294 (2012Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 30¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­ (A), (B)¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? We tend to consider ourselves as rational decision makers, logically evaluating the costs and benefits of each alternative we encounter. (A) ----, we are much more primitive than most assume. A team of economists looked at how consumers reacted to various pitches by banks to take out a loan. A purely rational view would have predicted that interest rates would be the only factor that had an impact. But the scientists varied more than just the interest rate; they also tested how persuasive other approaches might be. (B) ----, some letters offered a chance to win a cell phone in a lottery if the customer came in to inquire about a loan. They found that such an offer increased loan inquiries by as much as dropping the interest rate five points. For a $50,000 loan, this meant some customers were in essence willing to pay $16,000 more in interest to receive a $100 cell phone. (A) (B) ¨ç However For instance ¨è However Moreover ¨é Furthermore In contrast ¨ê Likewise In other words ¨ë Likewise Consequently 135ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 113ÂÊ 15. 3-002-295 (2011Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 33¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­ (A), (B)¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? No matter how good your product is, remember that perfection of an existing product is not necessarily the best investment one can make. (A) ----, the Erie Canal, which took four years to build, was regarded as the height of efficiency in its day. What its builders had not considered was that the advent of the railroad would assure the canal's instant downfall. By the time the canal was finished, the railroad had been established as the fittest technology for transportation. (B) ----, when the fuel cell becomes the automotive engine of choice, the car companies focusing on increasing the efficiency of the internal combustion engine may find themselves left behind. Is it time to keep making what you are making? Or is it time to create a new niche? Innovation requires noticing signals outside the company itself: signals in the community, the environment, and the world at large. * niche: Æ´»õ (A) (B) ¨ç Furthermore Nevertheless ¨è Furthermore Otherwise ¨é For example Likewise ¨ê For example However ¨ë In contrast Besides 16. 3-002-296 (2011Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 33¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­ (A), (B)¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Many grocery stores give the shopper the option of paper or plastic grocery bags. Many people instinctively say that paper is less harmful to the environment--after all, paper is biodegradable and recyclable. (A) ----, most plastic is manufactured using oil by-products and natural gas. Plastic is not always easily or economically recyclable, and once manufactured, plastic may last virtually indefinitely. Yet in the United States, paper products are the single largest component of municipal waste. Even though paper products may theoretically be biodegradable, in most landfills, they do not biodegrade. (B) ----, paper production emits air pollution, specifically 70 percent more pollution than the production of plastic bags. And consider that making paper uses trees that could be absorbing carbon dioxide. The paper bag making process also results in three times more water pollutants than making plastic bags. (A) (B) ¨ç In contrast Furthermore ¨è In contrast However ¨é As a result Likewise ¨ê For instance Nonetheless ¨ë For instance Therefore 136ÂÊ 17. 3-002-297 (2010Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 32¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­ (A), (B)¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? War seems to be part of the history of humanity. Countries, regions, and even villages were economically independent of one another in the past. Under those circumstances, the destruction of our enemy might have been a victory for us. There was a relevance to violence and war. (A) ----, today we are so interdependent that the concept of war has become outdated. When we face problems or disagreements today, we have to arrive at solutions through dialog. We must work to resolve conflicts in a spirit of reconciliation and always keep in mind the interests of others. We cannot destroy our neighbors! We cannot ignore their interests! Doing so would ultimately cause us to suffer. (B) ----, the concept of violence is now unsuitable, and nonviolence is the appropriate method. (A) (B) ¨ç However Otherwise ¨è However Therefore ¨é Nonetheless Otherwise ¨ê Similarly Therefore ¨ë Similarly In contrast 18. 3-002-298 (2010Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 32¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­ (A), (B)¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? ¡©American culture in general appears suspicious of leisure. Some people believe this may be due to the Protestant work ethic. Many Americans fill their free time with intellectually or physically demanding hobbies or volunteer work. Even on vacation, Americans stay in touch with the workplace via their cellular phones and laptop computers. (A) ----, Europeans hold leisure in high regard. A new French law gave France the shortest work week in Europe. Companies with more than twenty employees are required to cut work hours from 39 to 35 per week. Besides creating more leisure time for workers, this move is expected to help ease unemployment. In Germany, (B) ----, longer work weeks may soon be the standard. Its low birth rate has resulted in fewer workers supporting more and more retired Germans in the generous state welfare system. (A) (B) ¨ç On the other hand therefore ¨è On the other hand however ¨é Likewise indeed ¨ê Likewise however ¨ë Nevertheless therefore 19. 3-002-299 (2010Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 31¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­ (A), (B)¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? ¡©Early photography continued the trend toward the imprisonment of the subject and the object of representation. During photography's first decades, exposure times were quite long. (A) ----, the daguerreotype process required exposures of four to seven minutes in the sun and from twelve to sixty minutes indoors. Early photographs represented the world as stable, eternal, and unshakable. And when photography ventured to represent living things, they had to be immobilized. (B) ----, portrait studios universally employed various holding devices to assure the steadiness of the sitter throughout the lengthy time of exposure. The devices firmly held the person in place. In other words, a person who wanted to see his own image became a voluntary prisoner of the machine. * daguerreotype: ÀºÆÇ »çÁø¼ú (A) (B) ¨ç For instance Instead ¨è For instance Thus ¨é Otherwise Thus ¨ê Otherwise Instead ¨ë Otherwise However 137ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 115ÂÊ 20. 3-002-300 (2009Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 31¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­ (A), (B)¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Sheets of paper exist almost entirely for the purpose of carrying information, so we tend to think of them as neutral objects. We rarely interpret marks on paper as references to the paper itself. (A) ----, when we see the text, characters, and images on artifacts that serve other purposes, we generally interpret these marks as labels that do refer to their carriers. Natural objects do not come with labels, of course, but these days, most physical artifacts do. (B) ----, their designers have chosen to shift part of the burden of communication from the form and materials of the artifact itself to lightweight surface symbols. So, for example, a designer of door handles might not worry about communicating their functions through their shapes, but might simply mark them ¡®push¡¯ and ¡®pull.¡¯ * artifact: Àΰø¹° (A) (B) ¨ç However Otherwise ¨è Likewise In contrast ¨é However That is ¨ê Besides In contrast ¨ë Besides That is 21. 3-002-301 (2009Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 28¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­ (A), (B)¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? The lawyer had a unique place within American society. In a country without a landed aristocracy, lawyers formed a privileged but public-spirited class. In every town and city in America, they were the leading citizens who helped to build the museums and hospitals, formed civic institutions, and moved in and out of government at all levels. (A) ----, James C. Carter was a distinguished New York lawyer in the late 19th century. He helped to found the Bar of the City of New York and played a key role in reform movements in the city and the state, including the Citizens Union, the City Club, and the Good Government Clubs. (B) ----, his public life took up a good part of his work life. And he was not unusual. Lawyers like him could be found in New York and in every town in America. * aristocracy: ±ÍÁ·°è±Þ (A) (B) ¨ç In addition However ¨è For example However ¨é For example In other words ¨ê In contrast In other words ¨ë In addition Therefore 22. 3-002-302 (2009Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 31¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­ (A), (B)¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? We're always seeking the next opportunity for something big. If you talk to a cab driver in Manhattan, you're likely to find that he's going to school to get a better job. (A) ----, if you meet a waitress in Southern California, she's likely to tell you that she has an audition for a movie next week. The cab driver might never get out of his cab and the waitress might be serving food for the next twenty years, but the sense that they're moving toward something more glamorous is very important to them personally. (B) ----, those who fail to act, who accept the limitations of their work without complaining, are likely to feel miserable about their lives. The hopelessness of their jobs has done critical damage to their identities. (A) (B) ¨ç Likewise On the other hand ¨è Likewise To begin with ¨é On the contrary At the same time ¨ê On the contrary Therefore ¨ë As a result In other words 138ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 117ÂÊ 23. 3-002-303 (2008Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 31¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­ (A), (B)¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? One key social competence is how well or poorly people express their own feelings. Paul Ekman uses the term ¡®display rules¡¯ for the social agreement about which feelings can be properly shown when. Cultures sometimes vary tremendously in this regard. (A) ----, Ekman and his colleagues in an Asian country studied the facial reactions of students to a horrific film about a teenage Aboriginal ritual ceremony. When the students watched the film with an authority figure present, their faces showed only the slightest hints of reaction. (B) ----, when they thought they were alone (though they were being taped by a secret camera) their faces twisted into vivid mixes of uncomfortable feelings. (A) (B) ¨ç Similarly However ¨è For example Consequently ¨é Similarly Therefore ¨ê For example However ¨ë In addition Consequently 24. 3-002-304 (2008Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 30¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­ (A), (B)¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Soaring eagles have the incredible ability to see a mouse in the grass from a mile away. (A) ----, cats have the extraordinary ability to see in the dark. Through natural selection over time, these animals have developed visual systems uniquely adapted to their way of life. The human visual system has also adapted to many things well. (B) ---- our night vision is not as good as that of a cat, our color vision is excellent. This is not a bad tradeoff, since being able to enjoy a sunset's beauty seems worth an occasional fall in the dark. (A) (B) ¨ç Similarly Although ¨è Similarly Once ¨é Similarly Before ¨ê Instead Before ¨ë Instead Once 25. 3-002-305 (2008Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 30¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­ (A), (B)¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? At certain times in history, cultures have taken it for granted that a person was not fully human unless he or she learned to master thoughts and feelings. In ancient Sparta, in Republican Rome, and among the British upper classes of the Victorian era, (A) ----, people were held responsible for keeping control of their emotions. Anyone who lost his or her temper too easily was deprived of the right to be accepted as a member of the community. In other historical periods such as the one in which we are now living, (B) ----, the ability to control oneself is not always highly respected. People who attempt it are often thought to be odd. (A) (B) ¨ç for example therefore ¨è for example however ¨é for example moreover ¨ê on the contrary however ¨ë on the contrary therefore 139ÂÊ ^[09°­ ¾îÈÖ Ãß·Ð À¯Çü ¼Ò°³ * ±ÛÀÇ È帧À» °í·ÁÇÏ¿© ³×¸ð ¾È¿¡ ÁÖ¾îÁø µÎ °³ÀÇ ¾îÈÖ Áß ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀ» °í¸£´Â ¹®Ç×°ú ±×¸²À» Á¦½ÃÇÏ°í ±× ±×¸²À» ¼³¸íÇÏ´Â ±Û°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ¾îÈÖ¸¦ ã°Å³ª ±ÛÀÇ È帧¿¡ ¾î»öÇÑ ¾îÈÖ¸¦ ã´Â ¹®Ç×À¸·Î ÃâÁ¦µÈ´Ù. * Æò¼Ò ±ÛÀ» ÀÐÀ» ¶§ ¹®¸Æ ¼Ó¿¡¼­ ¾îÈÖÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ ÆľÇÇÏ´Â ÈÆ·ÃÀ» ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁÀ¸¸ç, µ¿ÀǾî, ¹ÝÀǾî, öÀÚ¸¦ È¥µ¿Çϱ⠽¬¿î ¾îÈÖ¸¦ °°ÀÌ ¾Ë¾Æ µÎ¸é¼­ ¾îÈÖ ÇнÀÀ» ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù. ÇØ°á ¹æ¹ý * ¹ÝÀǾî, ÆÄ»ý¾î, µ¿ÀǾî, öÀÚ È¥µ¿ ¾îÈÖ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±âº»ÀûÀÎ ÇнÀÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. Æò¼Ò¿¡ ¹®¸Æ ¼Ó¿¡¼­ ÀÌ·± ¾îÈÖ¸¦ ¸¸³ª¸é ÀÍÇô µÎ´Â °ÍÀÌ µµ¿òÀÌ µÈ´Ù. * ¹®¸Æ ¼Ó¿¡¼­ ÀûÀýÇÑ ¾îÈÖ¸¦ Ãß·ÐÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇϹǷΠ¾ÕµÚ ¹®ÀåÀÇ ³í¸®ÀûÀÎ °ü°è¿¡ ÁÖ¸ñÇÏ¿© ´Ü¼­¸¦ ã¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. * ¸ð¸£´Â ¾îÈÖ°¡ Á¦½ÃµÇ´õ¶óµµ ¹®¸Æ ¼Ó¿¡¼­ Ãß·ÐÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î °Ì¸ÔÁö ¸»°í ¾Æ´Â ¾îÈÖ¸¦ Áß½ÉÀ¸·Î ¼±ÅÃÁö¸¦ Á¦¿Ü½ÃÄÑ ³ª°£´Ù. * ±ÛÀÌ ´ë°³ ´ÜÀÏÇÑ ³í¸®Àû ±¸Á¶¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ±ÛÀÇ ³íÁö¸¦ ¸Þ¸ðÇϰųª ¿°µÎ¿¡ µÎ°í ÀÐ¾î ³ª°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ ¿ä·ÉÀÌ´Ù. 140ÂÊ 1. 3-002-306 (2014Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É AÇü 28¹ø) (A), (B), (C)ÀÇ °¢ ³×¸ð ¾È¿¡¼­ ¹®¸Æ¿¡ ¸Â´Â ³¹¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? As we all know, it is not always easy to get work done at the office. There is (A) (frequently/rarely) quiet time during regular business hours to sit and concentrate. Office workers are regularly interrupted by ringing phones, impromptu meetings, and chattering coworkers. This can be as frustrating for an employee as it is for the employer who is paying for this nonproductive work time. Working at home can free you from these (B) (attractions/distractions), giving you long blocks of time to focus on your work. Although your home may present its own problems, too, there are ways to deal with them. Your productivity will certainly (C) (decrease/increase), as will the quality of your work product. At the same time, you will get to enjoy the personal satisfaction of focusing on your work and getting it done. * impromptu: Áï¼®ÀÇ (A) (B) (C) ¨ç frequently distractions increase ¨è frequently attractions decrease ¨é rarely distractions increase ¨ê rarely attractions decrease ¨ë rarely distractions decrease 2. 3-002-307 (2014Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É BÇü 28¹ø) When people started to plant stored seed stock deliberately, they also began protecting their plants. This changed the evolutionary ¨ç _pressure_ that these food plants experienced, as they no longer had to survive in a natural environment. Instead, people created a new environment for them, and selected for other characteristics than nature previously had. Seeds recovered at archaeological sites clearly show that farmers selected for larger seeds and ¨è _hinner_ seed coats. Thick seed coats are often ¨é _essential_ for seeds to survive in a natural environment because the seeds of many wild plants remain dormant for months until winter is over and rain sets in. But under human management thick seed coats are unnecessary, as farmers ¨ê _evade_ responsibility for storing seeds away from moisture and predators. In fact, seeds with thinner coats were ¨ë _preferred_ as they are easier to eat or process into flour, and they allow seedlings to sprout more quickly when sown. 3. 3-002-308 (2014Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò AÇü 28¹ø/BÇü 28¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ¹ØÁ٠ģ ºÎºÐ Áß, ¹®¸Æ»ó ³¹¸»ÀÇ ¾²ÀÓÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀº? Occasionally, there are children who have trouble understanding that their clothing choice is inappropriate or even unhealthy. Some children ¨ç _follow_ the suggestion that sandals may not be the best option for a snowy day. For those kids, ¨è _experience_ may be the best teacher. For example, when Lydia was eight years old, she insisted on wearing her favorite sandals to school despite ¨é _warnings_ that the sidewalks were covered in snow and slush. Her mom ¨ê _worried_ that she would arrive at school with cold, wet feet, but Lydia would not change her mind. Of course, her mother was right. While Lydia did have some very uncomfortable toes because they became soaked and frozen on her way to and from school, she learned that sometimes fashion isn't ¨ë _worth_ the price of serious discomfort. 141ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 119ÂÊ 4. 3-002-309 (2014Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò AÇü 28¹ø/BÇü 28¹ø) (A), (B), (C)ÀÇ °¢ ³×¸ð ¾È¿¡¼­ ¹®¸Æ¿¡ ¸Â´Â ³¹¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? England's plan to establish colonies in North America, starting in the late sixteenth century, was founded on a (A) (fasle/valid) idea. It was generally assumed that Virginia, the region of the North American continent to which England laid claim, would have the same climate as the Mediterranean region of Europe, since it lay at similar latitudes. As a result, the English hoped that the American colonies, once established, would be able to supply Mediterranean goods such as olives and fruit and reduce England's (B) (dependence/restriction) on imports from continental Europe. One prospectus claimed that the colonies would provide ¡°the wines, fruit and salt of France and Spain ¡¦ the silks of Persia and Italy.¡± Similarly, (C) (abundant/scarce) timber would do away with the need to import wood from Scandinavia. In short, America was mistakenly expected to be a land of plenty that would quickly turn a profit. * latitude: À§µµ * prospectus: »ç¾÷ ¼³¸í¼­, ÅõÀÚ ¼³¸í¼­ (A) (B) (C) ¨ç false dependence abundant ¨è false dependence scarce ¨é false restriction abundant ¨ê valid restriction scarce ¨ë valid restriction abundant 5. 3-002-310 (2014Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É ¿¹ºñ½ÃÇà AÇü 32¹ø/BÇü 28¹ø) A great belt of desert stretches nearly halfway around the world. Starting in North India, it passes west through Pakistan and Afghanistan, ¨ç _continues_ through the Near East, crosses Africa as the Sahara, and leaping the Atlantic, ends in Mexico and the Southwest United States. In and near this and similar zones, perhaps one quarter of the world's population lives in buildings constructed of sun-dried mud. The desert is both ¨è _harsh_ and generous. The intense heat, cold, and scarcity of water in this environment are well known; but the desert also provides ¨é _insufficient_ means with which people can shelter themselves against these extremes. For thousands of years, earth has been used as ¨ê _building_ material in the desert and dry savannah. Mud architecture is highly ¨ë _resistant_ to temperature change and insulates against the day's heat and the night's cold. * insulate: Â÷´ÜÇÏ´Ù 6. 3-002-311 (2013Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 30¹ø)´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ¹ØÁ٠ģ ºÎºÐ Áß, ¹®¸Æ»ó ³¹¸»ÀÇ ¾²ÀÓÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀº? Researchers have suggested that maintaining good social relations depends on two ¨ç _complementary_ processes: being sensitive to the needs of others and being motivated to make amends or pay compensation when a violation does occur. In short, maintaining good social relations depends on the ¨è _capacity_ for guilt. Martin L. Hoffman, who has focused on the guilt that comes from harming others, suggests that the motivational basis for this guilt is empathetic distress. Empathetic distress occurs when people ¨é _deny_ that their actions have caused harm or pain to another person. Motivated by feelings of guilt, they are ¨ê _inclined_ to make amends for their actions. Making amends serves to repair damaged social relations and ¨ë _restore_ group harmony. 142ÂÊ 7. 3-002-312 (2013Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 31¹ø) (A), (B), (C)ÀÇ °¢ ³×¸ð ¾È¿¡¼­ ¹®¸Æ¿¡ ¸Â´Â ³¹¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Anxiety has a damaging effect on mental performance of all kinds. It is in one sense a useful response gone awry --an overly zealous mental preparation for an anticipated threat. But such mental rehearsal is (A) (disastrous/constructive) cognitive static when it becomes trapped in a stale routine that captures attention, intruding on all other attempts to focus elsewhere. Anxiety undermines the intellect. In a complex, intellectually demanding and high-pressure task such as that of air traffic controllers, for example, having chronically high anxiety is an almost sure predictor that a person will eventually fail in training or in the field. The anxious are more likely to fail even given (B) (inferior/superior) scores on intelligence tests, as a study of 1,790 students in training for air traffic control posts discovered. Anxiety also sabotages academic performance of all kinds: 126 different studies of more than 36,000 people found that the more (C) (prone/resistant) to anxieties a person is, the poorer his or her academic performance is. * go awry: ºø³ª°¡´Ù (A) (B) (C) ¨ç disastrous inferior prone ¨è disastrous superior prone ¨é disastrous superior resistant ¨ê constructive inferior resistant ¨ë constructive superior resistant 8. 3-002-313 (2013Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 31¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ¹ØÁ٠ģ ºÎºÐ Áß, ¹®¸Æ»ó ³¹¸»ÀÇ ¾²ÀÓÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀº? Over the course of the past forty years, no country on earth has cut its alcohol consumption more than France. While consumption of beer and spirits has stayed basically steady in France, the per capita consumption of alcohol from wine ¨ç _fell_ from 20 liters in 1962 to about 8 in 2001. One reason for the dwindling wine consumption is the ¨è _acceleration_ of the French meal. In 1978, the average French meal lasted 82 minutes. ¨é _Plenty_ of time for half a bottle, if not a whole bottle. Today, the average French meal has been slashed down to 38 minutes. Wine is a ¨ê _victim_ of the disappearance of the leisurely meal. It is not the target of the change, but the decline in wine consumption is a ¨ë _cause_ of the emergence of the faster, more modern, on-the-go lifestyle. * spirits: µ¶ÇÑ ¼ú 143ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 121ÂÊ 9. 3-002-314 (2013Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 32¹ø) (A), (B), (C)ÀÇ °¢ ³×¸ð ¾È¿¡¼­ ¹®¸Æ¿¡ ¸Â´Â ³¹¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? One of the most commonly cited reasons for keeping a pet animal is for the companionship it can provide. The general term companionship usually translates into partaking in shared activities, such as walking the dog, playing with the cat. However, such behavioral interactions between humans and pet animals are usually asymmetrically organized. Humans tend to interact with their pets when they feel like it, rather than (A) (consistently/occasionally) responding to the animal's demands for attention. In addition, it is often observed that once interaction between humans and pets has arisen, the termination of such interactional sequences invariably (B) (originates/separates) from the human. This suggests that activities like walking the dog and playing with the cat only arise when time can be spared from the human owner's other commitments. Therefore, if one views activity as a global concept--involving instigation, performance, and termination--labeling certain forms of human-pet interaction as shared activities may be (C) (appealing/misleading). * instigation: (¡¦Çϵµ·Ï) ºÎÃß±è (A) (B) (C) ¨ç consistently originates appealing ¨è consistently originates misleading ¨é consistently separates appealing ¨ê occasionally originates misleading ¨ë occasionally separates appealing 10. 3-002-315 (2013Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 31¹ø) (A), (B), (C)ÀÇ °¢ ³×¸ð ¾È¿¡¼­ ¹®¸Æ¿¡ ¸Â´Â ³¹¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? The growing season in the Arctic region is short as well as cool, and plants must make the most of what warmth there is. One (A) (addiction/adaptation) by many arctic plants to the short growing season is wintergreen, or semi-evergreen, leaves. They are leaves that develop late in the summer and survive through winter without drying up and dying. They remain green and can start photosynthesis as soon as the weather is warm enough in spring, before there has been time for the new season's leaves to expand and start functioning. They finally (B) (wither/prosper) after the new leaves have taken over. There are many common arctic plants with wintergreen leaves. Among them are arctic poppy, thrift, alpine saxifrage, and several kinds of chickweeds and starworts. Wintergreen leaves are not (C) (limited/accustomed) to the Arctic; many plants of the northern forests have them, too. (A) (B) (C) ¨ç addiction wither accustomed ¨è addiction prosper limited ¨é adaptation wither limited ¨ê adaptation prosper limited ¨ë adaptation prosper accustomed 144ÂÊ 11. 3-002-316 (2013Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 32¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ¹ØÁ٠ģ ºÎºÐ Áß, ¹®¸Æ»ó ³¹¸»ÀÇ ¾²ÀÓÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀº? Organic food production is growing by leaps and bounds. Many consumers are willing to pay premium prices for organic foods, convinced that they are helping the earth and eating healthier. Some experts say, however, that organic farming has some ¨ç _drawbacks_. One of the most frequent criticisms is that the crop yields of organic farms are much ¨è _lower_ than those of traditional farms. That's because organic fields suffer more from weeds and insects than ¨é _conventional_ fields. Another argument often offered by experts is that organic farming can supply food for niche markets of ¨ê _wealthy_ consumers but cannot feed billions of hungry people around the globe. Only the careful use of chemical inputs, not the costly organic methods, can help ¨ë _reduce_ food production significantly in the countries facing hunger. * niche market: Æ´»õ½ÃÀå 12. 3-002-317 (2012Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 32¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ¹ØÁ٠ģ ºÎºÐ Áß, ¹®¸Æ»ó ³¹¸»ÀÇ ¾²ÀÓÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀº? Until the 1920's, there were only three competitive swimming strokes--freestyle, backstroke, and breaststroke--and each had specific rules that described how it was to be performed. The rules of breaststroke ¨ç _stated_ that both arms must be pulled together underwater and then recovered simultaneously back to the start of the pulling position to begin the next stroke. Most people interpreted this arm recovery to mean an ¨è _underwater_ recovery. In the 1920's, however, someone ¨é _challenged_ the rules and reinterpreted this arm recovery to be an out-of-the-water recovery. Since this new breaststroke was about 15% ¨ê _slower_, people using the conventional version couldn't effectively compete. Something had to be done to solve the problem. Finally, this new stroke --now known as the ¡®butterfly¡¯--won ¨ë _recognition_ as the fourth swimming stroke, and became an Olympic event in 1956. 13. 3-002-318 (2012Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 33¹ø) (A), (B), (C)ÀÇ °¢ ³×¸ð ¾È¿¡¼­ ¹®¸Æ¿¡ ¸Â´Â ³¹¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Even those of us who claim not to be materialistic can't help but form attachments to certain clothes. Like fragments from old songs, clothes can (A) (evoke/erase) both cherished and painful memories. A worn-thin dress may hang in the back of a closet even though it hasn't been worn in years because the faint scent of pine that lingers on it is all that remains of someone's sixteenth summer. (A) (n) (B) (impractical/brand-new) white scarf might be pulled out of a donation bag at the last minute because of the promise of elegance it once held for its owner. And a ripped T-shirt might be (C) (rescued/forgotten) from the dust rag bin long after the name of the rock band once written across it has faded. Clothes document personal history for us the same way that fossils chart time for archaeologists. (A) (B) (C) ¨ç evoke impractical rescued ¨è evoke impractical forgotten ¨é evoke brand-new forgotten ¨ê erase impractical rescued ¨ë erase brand-new forgotten 145ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 123ÂÊ 14. 3-002-319 (2012Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 32¹ø) (A), (B), (C)ÀÇ °¢ ³×¸ð ¾È¿¡¼­ ¹®¸Æ¿¡ ¸Â´Â ³¹¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? From the twelve million articles on Wikipedia to the millions of free secondhand goods offered on websites, we are discovering that money is not the only motivator. (A) (Altruism/Selfishness) has always existed, but the Web gives it a platform where the actions of individuals can have global impact. In a sense, zero-cost distribution has turned sharing into an industry. From the point of view of the monetary economy it all looks free--indeed, it looks like unfair competition--but that says more about our shortsighted ways of measuring value than it does about the worth of what is created. The incentives to (B) (share/dominate) can range from reputation and attention to less measurable factors such as expression, fun, satisfaction, and simply self-interest. Sometimes the giving is (C) (conscious/unintentional). You give information to Google when you have a public website, whether you intend to or not, and you give aluminum cans to the homeless guy who collects them from the recycling bin, even if that is not what you meant to do. (A) (B) (C) ¨ç Altruism share conscious ¨è Altruism share unintentional ¨é Altruism dominate conscious ¨ê Selfishness share conscious ¨ë Selfishness dominate unintentional 15. 3-002-320 (2012Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 33¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ¹ØÁ٠ģ ºÎºÐ Áß, ¹®¸Æ»ó ³¹¸»ÀÇ ¾²ÀÓÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀº? Life is full of hazards. Disease, enemies and starvation are always menacing primitive man. Experience teaches him that medicinal herbs, valor, the most strenuous labor, often come to naught, yet normally he wants to ¨ç _survive_ and enjoy the good things of existence. Faced with this problem, he takes to any method that seems ¨è _adapted_ to his ends. Often his ways appear incredibly ¨é _crude_ to us moderns until we remember how our next-door neighbor acts in like emergencies. When medical science pronounces him ¨ê _curable_, he will not resign himself to fate but runs to the nearest quack who holds out hope of recovery. His urge for self-preservation will not down, nor will that of the illiterate peoples of the world, and in that overpowering will to live is anchored the belief in supernaturalism, which is absolutely ¨ë _universal_ among known peoples, past and present. * quack: µ¹ÆÈÀÌ ÀÇ»ç 146ÂÊ 16. 3-002-321 (2012Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 32¹ø) (A), (B), (C)ÀÇ °¢ ³×¸ð ¾È¿¡¼­ ¹®¸Æ¿¡ ¸Â´Â ³¹¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Back in the 1870's, Sholes & Co., a leading manufacturer of typewriters at the time, received many (A) (complaints/compliments) from users about typewriter keys sticking together if the operator went too fast. In response, management asked its engineers to figure out a way to prevent this from happening. The engineers discussed the problem and then one of them said, ¡°What if we (B) (turned/slowed) the operator down? If we did that, the keys would not jam together nearly as much.¡± The result was to have an inefficient keyboard configuration. For example, the letters ¡®O¡¯ and ¡®I¡¯ are the third and sixth most frequently used letters in the English language, and yet the engineers positioned them on the keyboard so that the relatively weaker fingers had to depress them. This ¡®inefficient logic¡¯ pervaded the keyboard, and (C) (triggered/solved) the problem of keyboard jam-up. (A) (B) (C) ¨ç complaints turned triggered ¨è complaints slowed triggered ¨é complaints slowed solved ¨ê compliments slowed solved ¨ë compliments turned solved 17. 3-002-322 (2012Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 33¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ¹ØÁ٠ģ ºÎºÐ Áß, ¹®¸Æ»ó ³¹¸»ÀÇ ¾²ÀÓÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀº? According to Cambodian legends, lions once roamed the countryside attacking villagers and their precious buffalo, and long before the great Khmer Empire began in the 9th century, farmers developed a fierce martial art to defend themselves against the ¨ç _predator_. These techniques became bokator. Meaning ¡®to fight a lion,¡¯ bokator is a martial art ¨è _depicted_ on the walls of Angkor Wat. There are 10,000 moves to master, ¨é _mimicking_ animals such as monkeys, elephants and even ducks. King Jayavarman VII, the warrior king who united Cambodia in the 12th century, made his army train in bokator, turning it into a ¨ê _fearsome_ fighting force. Despite its long tradition in Cambodia, bokator ¨ë _flourished_ when the Khmer Rouge took power in 1975 and executed most of the discipline's masters over the next four years. 147ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 125ÂÊ 18. 3-002-323 (2011Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 31¹ø) (A), (B), (C)ÀÇ °¢ ³×¸ð ¾È¿¡¼­ ¹®¸Æ¿¡ ¸Â´Â ³¹¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Contrary to what we usually believe, the best moments in our lives are not the passive, receptive, relaxing times--although such experiences can also be enjoyable, if we have worked hard to (A) (attain/avoid) them. The best moments usually occur when a person's body or mind is stretched to its limits in a voluntary effort to accomplish something difficult and worthwhile. (B) (Optimal/Minimal) experience is thus something that we make happen. For a child, it could be placing with trembling fingers the last block on a tower she has built, higher than any she has built so far; for a sprinter, it could be trying to beat his own record; for a violinist, mastering an (C) (uncomplicated/intricate) musical passage. For each person there are thousands of opportunities, challenges to expand ourselves. (A) (B) (C) ¨ç attain Minimal uncomplicated ¨è attain Optimal intricate ¨é attain Optimal uncomplicated ¨ê avoid Optimal intricate ¨ë avoid Minimal uncomplicated 19. 3-002-324 (2011Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 32¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ¹ØÁ٠ģ ºÎºÐ Áß, ¹®¸Æ»ó ³¹¸»ÀÇ ¾²ÀÓÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀº? Many people take numerous photos while traveling or on vacation or during significant life celebrations to ¨ç _preserve_ the experience for the future. But the role of photographer may actually detract from their ¨è _delight_ in the present moment. I know a father who devoted himself earnestly to photographing the birth of his first and only child. The photos were beautiful but, he ¨é _lamented_ afterward he felt that he had missed out on the most important first moment of his son's life. Looking through the camera lens made him ¨ê _detached_ from the scene. He was just an observer, not an experiencer. Teach yourself to use your camera in a way that ¨ë _neglects_ your ongoing experiences, by truly looking at things and noticing what is beautiful and meaningful. 20. 3-002-325 (2011Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 31¹ø) (A), (B), (C)ÀÇ °¢ ³×¸ð ¾È¿¡¼­ ¹®¸Æ¿¡ ¸Â´Â ³¹¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? When it comes to food choices, young people are particularly (A) (vulnerable/immune) to peer influences. A teenage girl may eat nothing but a lettuce salad for lunch, even though she will become hungry later, because that is what her friends are eating. A slim boy who hopes to make the wrestling team may routinely overload his plate with foods that are (B) (dense/deficient) in carbohydrates and proteins to ¡®bulk up¡¯ like the wrestlers of his school. An overweight teen may eat (C) (greedily/moderately) while around his friends but then devour huge portions when alone. Few young people are completely free of food-related pressures from peers, whether or not these pressures are imposed intentionally. * carbohydrate: ź¼öÈ­¹° (A) (B) (C) ¨ç vulnerable dense greedily ¨è vulnerable dense moderately ¨é vulnerable deficient greedily ¨ê immune deficient moderately ¨ë immune dense greedily 148ÂÊ 21. 3-002-326 (2011Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 32¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ¹ØÁ٠ģ ºÎºÐ Áß, ¹®¸Æ»ó ³¹¸»ÀÇ ¾²ÀÓÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀº? It is said that although people laugh in the same way, they don't necessarily laugh at the same things. If this is true of a single community, it is even more true of people who live in different societies, because the topics that people find amusing, and the occasions that are regarded as ¨ç _appropriate_ for joking, can vary enormously from one society to the next. Some styles of humor with silly actions are guaranteed to raise a laugh everywhere. But because of their reliance on shared assumptions, most jokes travel very ¨è _well._ This is particularly ¨é _noticeable_ in the case of jokes that involve a play on words. They are difficult, and in some cases virtually ¨ê _impossible_ to translate into other languages. Therefore, this is why people's attempts to tell jokes to ¨ë _foreigners_ are so often met with blank stares. 22. 3-002-327 (2011Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 31¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ¹ØÁ٠ģ ºÎºÐ Áß, ¹®¸Æ»ó ³¹¸»ÀÇ ¾²ÀÓÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀº? The traditional American view was that fences were out of place in the American landscape. This notion turned up ¨ç _repeatedly_ in nineteenth-century American writing about the landscape. One author after another severely ¨è _criticized_ ¡°the Englishman's insultingly inhospitable brick wall topped with broken bottles.¡± Frank J. Scott, an early landscape architect who had a large impact on the look of America's first suburbs, worked tirelessly to ¨é _rid_ the landscape of fences. Writing in 1870, he held that to narrow our neighbors' views of the free graces of Nature was ¨ê _unselfish_ and undemocratic. To drive through virtually any American suburb today, where every lawn steps right up to the street in a gesture of ¨ë _openness_ and welcoming, is to see how completely such views have triumphed. 23. 3-002-328 (2011Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 32¹ø) (A), (B), (C)ÀÇ °¢ ³×¸ð ¾È¿¡¼­ ¹®¸Æ¿¡ ¸Â´Â ³¹¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? A case of the negative impact of an innovation was reported by a researcher examining the spread of the snowmobile among the Skolt Lapps in northern Finland. The snowmobile offered considerable relative advantages to the Lapps who used reindeer sleds as their primary means of transportation. It was much faster, making trips for supplies more efficient. However, the snowmobile had (A) (beneficial/disastrous) effects on the Lapps. First, the noise of the snowmobile frightened the reindeer, who in turn exhibited health problems and produced fewer calves each year. Herd sizes were (B) (reduced/increased) further by herders who sold some of their reindeer to buy a snowmobile. With smaller herds, the Lapps found it more difficult to survive, and the snowmobile was eventually viewed as a product that drove the Lapps into (C) (poverty/wealth). (A) (B) (C) ¨ç beneficial reduced poverty ¨è disastrous reduced poverty ¨é disastrous increased wealth ¨ê disastrous increased poverty ¨ë beneficial reduced wealth 149ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 126ÂÊ 24. 3-002-329 (2010Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 30¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±×¸²¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë Áß, ¹ØÁ٠ģ ³¹¸»ÀÇ ¾²ÀÓÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀº? ±×¸² ¼³¸í: ±×¸² A¿Í B´Â À̽½Á¡ ½Àµµ°è·Î À̽½Á¡ÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô ÃøÁ¤µÇ´ÂÁö¸¦ º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. ±×¸² A¿¡¼­´Â ·¹ÀÌÀú·ÎºÎÅÍ ºûÀÌ ³ª¿Í¼­ °Å¿ï¿¡ ¹Ý»çµÇ¾î °üÂûµÈ ºûÀÇ °­µµ¸¦ ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ´Â ¼ö½Å ÀåÄ¡·Î ÇâÇÑ´Ù. °Å¿ï ¿Âµµ°¡ À̽½Á¡º¸´Ù ³ô°í Àü´ÞµÇ´Â ºûÀÌ 10mW/cm2ÀÌ¸é °üÂûµÈ ºûÀÇ °­µµ´Â µ¿ÀÏÇÏ´Ù. °Å¿ï ¿Âµµ°¡ À̽½Á¡¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ±×¸² B¿¡¼­´Â À̽½ ¹æ¿ïÀÌ °Å¿ïÀÇ Ç¥¸éÀ» µ¤´Â´Ù. Àü´ÞµÈ ºûÀÌ ±× À̽½ ¹æ¿ïµé°ú ºÎµúÄ¡¸é ±×°ÍÀº ºÐ»êµÇ¾î 1mW/cm2·Î °¨¼ÒÇßÀ½À» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Figures A and B demonstrate how dew point is measured by a dew point hygrometer. In Figure A, light is transmitted from a laser and ¨ç _reflected_ off the mirror onto a receiver that measures the intensity of the observed light. When the mirror temperature is above dew point and the intensity of the transmitted light is 10 mW/cm2, the intensity of the observed light is ¨è _the same_. In Figure B, when the mirror temperature is at dew point, dew drops cover the ¨é _surface_ of the mirror. When the transmitted light hits the dew drops, it becomes ¨ê _scattered_. As a consequence, compared to the intensity of the transmitted light, that of the observed light measured by the receiver is ¨ë _increased_. * hygrometer: ½Àµµ°è * mW/cm2: ºûÀÇ ¼¼±â ´ÜÀ§ 25. 3-002-330 (2010Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 31¹ø) (A), (B), (C)ÀÇ °¢ ³×¸ð ¾È¿¡¼­ ¹®¸Æ¿¡ ¸Â´Â ³¹¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Responses to survey questions are influenced by events, and we should consider this when reviewing the results of a survey. The reputation of an airline, for example, will be (A) (damaged/recovered) if a survey is conducted just after a plane crash. A computer company lost its reputation in company surveys just after major news coverage about a defect in its products. On the positive side, surveys by a beverage company about its image showed very (B) (hostile/favorable) public attitudes just after its massive investment in the Olympics. Consequently, surveys should be conducted when the organization is not in the news or connected to a significant event that may influence public opinion. In neutral context, a more (C) (valid/biased) survey can be conducted about an organization's reputation, products, or services. (A) (B) (C) ¨ç damaged hostile biased ¨è damaged hostile valid ¨é damaged favorable valid ¨ê recovered hostile biased ¨ë recovered favorable valid 150ÂÊ 26. 3-002-331 (2010Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 29¹ø) (A), (B), (C)ÀÇ °¢ ³×¸ð ¾È¿¡¼­ ¹®¸Æ¿¡ ¸Â´Â ³¹¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Efficiency means producing a specific end rapidly, with the (A) (least/most) amount of cost. The idea of efficiency is specific to the interests of the industry or business, but is typically advertised as a (B) (loss/benefit) to the customer. Examples are plentiful: the salad bars, filling your own cup, self-service gasoline, ATMs, microwave dinners and convenience stores which are different from the old-time groceries where you gave your order to the grocer. The interesting element here is that the customer often ends up doing the work that previously was done for them. And the customer ends up (C) (saving/spending) more time and being forced to learn new technologies, remember more numbers, and often pay higher prices in order for the business to operate more efficiently, or maintain a higher profit margin. (A) (B) (C) ¨ç least loss saving ¨è least loss spending ¨é least benefit spending ¨ê most loss saving ¨é most benefit spending 27. 3-002-332 (2010Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 30¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ µ¿ÅäÃþ ±×¸²¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë Áß, ¹ØÁ٠ģ ³¹¸»ÀÇ ¾²ÀÓÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀº? ±×¸² ¼³¸í: (±×¸² 1) ±Øµµ·Î Ãß¿î Áö¿ªÀÇ µ¿ÅäÃþ (±×¸² 2) ¿¬°£ Æò±Õ ±â¿ÂÀÌ ºùÁ¡ ÀÌÇÏ·Î ¾à°£ ¶³¾îÁö´Â Áö¿ªÀÇ µ¿ÅäÃþ (±×¸² 3) ª°í ´õ ¿ÂÈ­ÇÑ °Ü¿ïÀ» °Þ°í ÀÖ´Â Áö¿ªÀÇ µ¿ÅäÃþ The three pictures above represent a model of the effects of global warming on permafrost regions. Permafrost is frozen ground that remains at or below 0¡ÆC for more than two years. Most of the world's permafrost has been frozen for millennia, trapping massive amounts of carbon in organic material. In areas of extreme cold presented in Picture 1, permafrost is thousands of feet thick and lies ¨ç _below_ a layer of soil a few feet deep called the active layer, which freezes and thaws with the seasons. Where the average annual air temperature is slightly below freezing, permafrost is ¨è _scattered_ as in Picture 2. Compared to Picture 1, the permafrost in Picture 2 is topped by a ¨é _shallower_ active layer. In Picture 3, in permafrost regions that now experience shorter, milder winters, the area of permafrost is ¨ê _reduced_ further, compared to Picture 2. Carbon dioxide and methane are freed into the atmosphere and ¨ë _more_ trees and plants grow as in Picture 3. * thaw: ³ì´Ù 151ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 128ÂÊ 28. 3-002-333 (2010Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 28¹ø) (A), (B), (C)ÀÇ °¢ ³×¸ð ¾È¿¡¼­ ¹®¸Æ¿¡ ¸Â´Â ³¹¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? A blind spot is not the same as a simple lack of knowledge. A blind spot emerges from a (A) (resistance/connection) to learning in a particular area. At the root of many of our blind spots are a number of emotions or attitudes--fear being the most obvious, but also pride, self-satisfaction, and anxiety. A manager, for example, might have unsurpassed knowledge in the financial field, but her understanding of people management might be (B) (flooded/limited). Her people find her cold and aloof and want her to become more consultative and involved with the team. She, however, is not willing to accept feedback about her management style and refuses to even consider the (C) (prospect/retrospect) of changing her management style. * aloof: ³Ã´ãÇÑ (A) (B) (C) ¨ç resistance limited prospect ¨è resistance flooded retrospect ¨é resistance limited retrospect ¨ê connection flooded prospect ¨ë connection limited retrospect 29. 3-002-334 (2010Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 30¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±×¸²¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë Áß, ¹ØÁ٠ģ ³¹¸»ÀÇ ¾²ÀÓÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀº? ±×¸² ¼³¸í: È°°­ ½ºÅ°(ªÀº ÂÊ)¿Í Å©·Î½º ÄÁÆ®¸® ½ºÅ°(±ä ÂÊ)ÀÇ Àåºñ¿Í ±ÇÀå »çÀÌÁ º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â ±×¸² The figure above shows the equipment for downhill and cross-country skiing and their recommended sizes. As you can see, the downhill ski is ¨ç _shorter_ and wider than the cross-country ski and is about the height of the skier. The cross-country ski meets the ¨è _elbow_ when the arm is held above the head. In either case, a slightly heavier or more experienced skier might want a longer ski, and a lighter or beginning skier might prefer a shorter ski. The cross-country pole is longer than the one for downhill skiing, and its tip is ¨é _bent_. The length of the cross-country pole reaches the armpit. The downhill pole fits comfortably in the hand about two inches ¨ê below_ the armpit. The bottom of the downhill boot attaches completely to the ski, while the ¨ë _heel_ of the cross-country boot is not fastened to the ski. * armpit: °Üµå¶ûÀÌ 152ÂÊ 30. 3-002-335 (2009Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 28¹ø) (A), (B), (C)ÀÇ °¢ ³×¸ð ¾È¿¡¼­ ¹®¸Æ¿¡ ¸Â´Â ³¹¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? The first experiments in television broadcasting began in France in the 1930s, but the French were slow to employ the new technology. There were several reasons for this (A) (hesitancy/consistency). Radio absorbed the majority of state resources, and the French government was reluctant to shoulder the financial burden of developing national networks for television broadcasting. Television programming costs were too high, and program output correspondingly low. Poor (B) (distribution/description) combined with minimal offerings provided little incentive to purchase the new product. Further, television sets were priced beyond the means of a general public whose modest living standards, especially in the 1930s and 1940s, did not allow the acquisition of luxury goods. Ideological influences also factored in; elites in particular were (C) (optimistic/skeptical) of television, perceiving it as a messenger of mass culture and Americanization. (A) (B) (C) ¨ç hesitancy distribution optimistic ¨è hesitancy distribution skeptical ¨é hesitancy description optimistic ¨ê consistency description optimistic ¨ë consistency distribution skeptical 31. 3-002-336 (2009Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 29¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ¹ÙÀ̿ø° ÁÙÀÇ ±×¸²¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë Áß, ¹ØÁ٠ģ ³¹¸»ÀÇ ¾²ÀÓÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀº? ±×¸² ¼³¸í: ¹ÙÀ̿ø° ÁÙÀÇ ±×¸² A violin creates tension in its ¨ç _strings_ and gives each of them an equilibrium shape: a straight line. A tight violin string can be viewed as composed of many individual pieces that are connected in a chain as in the above two figures. When the string is ¨è _straight_, as in Figure 1, its tension is uniform, and the two outward forces on a given piece sum to zero; they have equal magnitudes and point in ¨é _opposite_ directions. With no net forces acting on its pieces, the string is in equilibrium. But when the string is ¨ê _curved_, as in Figure 2, the outward forces on its pieces no longer sum to zero. Although the string's uniform tension still gives those outward forces equal magnitudes, they now point in slightly different directions, and each piece experiences a ¨ë _zero_ net force. The net forces on its pieces are restoring forces, which will cause the string to vibrate and thus make sounds. * equilibrium: ÆòÇü * magnitude: Å©±â 153ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 130ÂÊ 32. 3-002-337 (2009Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 27¹ø) (A), (B), (C)ÀÇ °¢ ³×¸ð ¾È¿¡¼­ ¹®¸Æ¿¡ ¸Â´Â ³¹¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? It is surprising just how tolerant some cats and kittens can be with babies and young children, but this is not something you should put to the test. You must teach children not to (A) (disturb/adopt) the cat--especially by grabbing at him when he is resting in his bed. Discourage young children from picking up kittens and cats, because they may (B) (squeeze/release) them too hard around the belly and make them hate being carried for life. Instead, encourage the cat to climb on the child's lap and remain there to be petted. Show children how to stroke the cat and how to pick him up and carry him. The cat should never be held down during these (C) (substitutions/encounters); be sure that the child understands that he or she must allow the cat to walk away whenever he wishes. (A) (B) (C) ¨ç disturb release substitutions ¨è disturb squeeze encounters ¨é disturb squeeze substitutions ¨ê adopt squeeze encounters ¨ë adopt release substitutions 33. 3-002-338 (2009Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 29¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ µ¥ÀÌÁö ²É ±×¸²¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë Áß, ¹ØÁ٠ģ ³¹¸»ÀÇ ¾²ÀÓÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀº? ±×¸² ¼³¸í: ¼³»óÈ­°¡ ¹Ý»óÈ­ÀÇ ¹Ù±ùÂÊÀ» µÑ·¯½Î°í ÀÖ´Ù. The above flower spreads out into a circle when you look straight into its face. The buttonlike structure sitting right in the ¨ç _middle_ of the flower is actually formed from many tiny flowers called disk flowers. The disk flowers ¨è _include_ petals which are actually individual flowers called ray flowers. The ray flowers radiate out from the rim of the disk flowers and reach to the ¨é _edge_ of the whole flower. You can draw the flower easily with the following procedure. First, draw two dotted lines that will ¨ê _quarter_ the flower, imagining its shape. This enables you to draw the ray flowers correctly and keep track of where you are. Next, draw two circle guidelines: The inner one indicates the outline of the ¨ë _disk_ flowers, and the outer one, the extent of the ray flowers. Then, fill the inner circle with disk flowers and the outer one with ray flowers. * petal: ²ÉÀÙ * rim: °¡ÀåÀÚ¸® 154ÂÊ 34. 3-002-339 (2009Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 28¹ø) (A), (B), (C)ÀÇ °¢ ³×¸ð ¾È¿¡¼­ ¹®¸Æ¿¡ ¸Â´Â ³¹¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? The key to a successful business chain can be expressed in one word: ¡°uniformity.¡± In the early 1970s, a farm activist viewed the (A) (emerging/declining) fast-food industry as a step toward a food economy dominated by giant corporations. Much of what he worried about has come to pass. The tremendous success of the fast-food industry has caused other industries to (B) (avoid/adopt) similar business methods. The basic thinking behind fast food has become the operating system of today's economy, wiping out small business and (C) (elimingating/encouraging) regional differences. So if you walk into a world-famous fast-food restaurant anywhere in the world, you can purchase food with almost the same taste. (A) (B) (C) ¨ç emerging avoid encouraging ¨è emerging adopt eliminating ¨é emerging adopt encouraging ¨ê declining adopt encouraging ¨ë declining avoid eliminating 35. 3-002-340 (2009Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 29¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±×¸²¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë Áß, ¹ØÁ٠ģ ³¹¸»ÀÇ ¾²ÀÓÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀº? ±×¸² ¼³¸í: ³ª»ç¸øÀÇ °¢ ºÎºÐÀÇ ¸íĪ ±×¸², ³ª»ç»ê°ú ³ª»ç»ê »çÀÌÀÇ °Å¸®´Â ÇÇÄ¡ÀÌ´Ù. A screw is a simple mechanical device that multiplies effort. The force that you apply to the screw is called the effort force, whereas the force that applies to the object in response to the effort force is called the output force. The ¨ç _spiral_ ridges are the threads of the screw. The distance from ¨è _head_ to thread is called the pitch. The diagram shows how turning the head of the screw can cause the screw to ¨é _move_ into the object. The distance ¨ê _around_ the head of the screw is related to the distance the effort moves. The distance through which the output moves corresponds to the ¨ë _pitch_ of the screw. * ridge: À¶±â(µ¹ÃâºÎºÐ) 155ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 131ÂÊ 36. 3-002-341 (2008Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 28¹ø) (A), (B), (C)ÀÇ °¢ ³×¸ð ¾È¿¡¼­ ¹®¸Æ¿¡ ¸Â´Â ³¹¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? There are few people who do not react to music to some degree. The power of music is diverse and people respond in different ways. To some it is mainly an (A) (instinctive/inactive), exciting sound to which they dance or move their bodies. Other people listen for its message, or take an intellectual approach to its form and construction, (B) (appreciating/confusing) its formal patterns or originality. Above all, however, there can be hardly anyone who is not moved by some kind of music. Music (C) (covers/removes) the whole range of emotions: It can make us feel happy or sad, helpless or energetic, and some music is capable of overtaking the mind until it forgets all else. It works on the subconscious, creating or enhancing mood and unlocking deep memories. (A) (B) (C) ¨ç instinctive appreciating covers ¨è instinctive confusing removes ¨é instinctive appreciating removes ¨ê inactive appreciating covers ¨ë inactive confusing removes 37. 3-002-342 (2008Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 29¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±×¸²¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë Áß, ¹ØÁ٠ģ ³¹¸»ÀÇ ¾²ÀÓÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀº? ±×¸² ¼³¸í: A: ¿Ï¼ºµÈ ¾ó±¼ ±×¸², B: Ãʱ⠴ܰèÀÇ ¾ó±¼ ±×¸², C: ±×¸² Bº¸´Ù ÇÑ ´Ü°è ³ª¾Æ°£ ¾ó±¼ ±×¸² Object identification rarely occurs in isolation. Face perception seems to work the same way. Notice that when seen as ¨ç _part_ of a face presented in Figure A, any bump or line will be sufficient to depict a feature. However, the result may be different when the features are ¨è _separated_ from the context as shown in Figure B. The features in Figure B are basically ¨é _identical_ with those in Figure A, but, out of context, they are less identifiable. As in Figure C, we actually require a more ¨ê _simplified_ presentation than in Figure B, to identify facial features unambiguously when presented in isolation. Thus, our understanding of context compensates for ¨ë _lack_ of detail in the feature identification process. 156ÂÊ 38. 3-002-343 (2008Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 28¹ø) (A), (B), (C)ÀÇ °¢ ³×¸ð ¾È¿¡¼­ ¹®¸Æ¿¡ ¸Â´Â ³¹¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? The day of the whale is rapidly approaching its end. Some species of whales are already (A) (infinite/extinct). Others are being reduced in number faster than they can reproduce. When whales are gone, the whole chain of life in the sea, as we know it, will be (B) (upset/stable). And eventually this will have a direct effect on the life of man, too. Although there are international agreements signed by some governments, people are killing whales without considering what future (C) (conveniences/consequences) this will have. Let's save whales, friends of the earth. (A) (B) (C) ¨ç infinite stable conveniences ¨è infinite stable consequences ¨é extinct stable conveniences ¨ê extinct upset consequences ¨ë extinct upset conveniences 39. 3-002-344 (2008Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 29¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±×¸²¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë Áß, ¹ØÁ٠ģ ³¹¸»ÀÇ ¾²ÀÓÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀº? ±×¸² ¼³¸í: ¹ß·¹ ¹«¿ë°¡ÀÇ Á¡ÇÁ µ¿ÀÛÀ» ´Ü°èÀûÀ¸·Î º¸¿©ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸²ÀÇ ¶§ µÎ ¹ø° ´Ü°è¿¡¼­ ¹«¿ë°¡°¡ ´Ù¸®¸¦ ¼öÆòÀ¸·Î »¸À» ¶§, ¹«°Ô Áß½ÉÀº ¿Ã¶ó°¡Áö¸¸, ¸Ó¸®ÀÇ ³ôÀÌ´Â º¯ÇÏÁö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¸Ó¸®³¡°ú Áú·® Á߽ɰúÀÇ °Å¸®´Â ÁÙ¾îµé°Ô µÈ´Ù. When a ballet dancer leaps across the stage in a grand jump, her center of mass faithfully follows a parabolic path during the jump. The distance between the top of her head and her center of mass ¨ç _changes_ depending upon the movements of her legs. When she ¨è _stretches_ her legs out horizontally after her feet leave the stage, her center of mass moves upward. It results in an ¨é _increase_ in the distance between the top of her head and her center of mass. In contrast, when the dancer ¨ê _lowers_ her legs toward the ground, the opposite occurs. The height of the top of her head remains ¨ë _constant_ throughout the jump. The result gives the impression that the dancer is drifting through the air. 157ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 132ÂÊ 40. 3-002-345 (2008Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 28¹ø) (A), (B), (C)ÀÇ °¢ ³×¸ð ¾È¿¡¼­ ¹®¸Æ¿¡ ¸Â´Â ³¹¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº? Although we eat bananas often, few of us know much about them. The banana tree is the largest plant on earth without a woody stem. The trunk contains a large amount of water and is extremely (A) (deliberate/delicate). Though it can reach a full height of 20 feet in one year, even moderate winds can (B) (blow/glow) it down. The fruit stem or bunch is made up of seven to nine hands, each containing 10 to 20 fingers which grow slowly (C) (thorough/through) a mass of tightly packed leaf covers. Just before they ripen, they are picked, packaged, and finally delivered to our local supermarkets. (A) (B) (C) ¨ç delicate blow through ¨è delicate glow through ¨é delicate blow thorough ¨ê deliberate glow thorough ¨ë deliberate blow thorough 41. 3-002-346 (2008Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 29¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±×¸²¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë Áß, ¹ØÁ٠ģ ³¹¸»ÀÇ ¾²ÀÓÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀº? ±×¸² ¼³¸í: ÀÚÀü°ÅÀÇ °¢ ºÎºÐÀÇ ¸íĪÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ±×¸²¿¡¼­ ¸¶¸§¸ð²ÃÀÇ º»Ã¼¿¡¼­ Á¼® °üÀÌ µÚÀÇ »ï°¢Çü¿¡ ºÙ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. A bicycle is a two-wheeled steerable machine that is pedaled by the rider's feet. The wheels are ¨ç _installed_ in-line in a metal frame, with the front wheel held in a rotatable fork. The frame, which is diamond-shaped, is formed by two ¨è _triangles_ of tubes. The main triangle consists of the top tube, the seat tube, and the down tube, while the ¨é _front_ triangle consists of the seat tube, chain stays, and seat stays. The saddle fits on ¨ê _top_ of the seat tube. The rider sits on a saddle and steers by turning handlebars that are attached to the fork. The feet turn pedals ¨ë _linked_ to cranks. * steer: Á¶Á¾ÇÏ´Ù 158ÂÊ ^[10°­ ³»¿ë ÀÏÄ¡¡¤ºÒÀÏÄ¡ À¯Çü ¼Ò°³ * ÇÑ ¹®´Ü ³»¿¡¼­ ÁÖ¾îÁö´Â ¸¹Àº Á¤º¸¸¦ ºü¸£°Ô ÀÐ°í ¼±ÅÃÁö¿ÍÀÇ ÀÏÄ¡ ¶Ç´Â ºÒÀÏÄ¡ ¿©ºÎ¸¦ ÆľÇÇÏ´Â À¯ÇüÀÌ´Ù. ±ÛÀÇ ¼ÒÀç·Î ¾î¶² »ç¹°À̳ª µ¿¡¤½Ä¹°¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼³¸í¹®, °³ÀÎÀÇ Àü±â³ª ÀÏÈ­°¡ ¸¹ÀÌ Á¦½ÃµÈ´Ù. * ¼±ÅÃÁö¿¡´Â ±Û°ú °ü·ÃµÈ ¾îÈÖ³ª ³»¿ë¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Çؼ®ÀÌ ´ã°Ü ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ¸ÕÀú ¼±ÅÃÁö¸¦ Àß ÀÐ°í ±Û¿¡¼­ ÆľÇÇÒ Á¤º¸°¡ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö ¾Ë¾Æ µÎµµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. * ÁÖ·Î °´°üÀûÀÎ Á¤º¸¸¦ ºü¸£°Ô ÆľÇÇÏ´Â ´É·ÂÀ» ¹¯´Â À¯ÇüÀ̹ǷÎ, ±Û°ú ¼±ÅÃÁö¸¦ ²Ä²ÄÈ÷ ´ëÁ¶ÇØ °¡¸ç ±× ÀÏÄ¡ ¿©ºÎ¸¦ µûÁ®º¸¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ÁÖ°üÀû Ã߷к¸´Ù´Â ±ÛÀ» ¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô È®ÀÎµÈ °ÍÀ» ´äÀ¸·Î °áÁ¤ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÇØ°á ¹æ¹ý * ¸ÕÀú ¼±ÅÃÁö¸¦ Àаí, ±Û¿¡¼­ ÆľÇÇÒ ³»¿ëÀ» ¾Ë¾Æº¸¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ƯÈ÷ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°úÀÇ ºÒÀÏÄ¡¸¦ ¹¯´Â ¹®Á¦´Â ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú °ü·Ã ÀÖ´Â 4°³ÀÇ ±ÍÁßÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ ¹Ì¸® ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. * ¼±ÅÃÁö´Â ±Û¿¡¼­ ¾ð±ÞµÈ °ÍÀÌ ¼ø¼­´ë·Î Á¦½ÃµÇ¹Ç·Î ¼±ÅÃÁö¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ Á¤º¸¿¡ ÃÊÁ¡À» ¸ÂÃß°í ºü¸£°Ô ±ÛÀ» ÀÐÀ¸¸é¼­ Á¤º¸¸¦ ó¸®ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ±Û ¼ÓÀÇ ¾î·Á¿î ¾îÈÖÀÇ ¶æÀÌ ¼±ÅÃÁö¿¡ ³ª¿Í ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °Íµµ ¿°µÎ¿¡ µÎ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. * ±Û¿¡¼­ Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ ¾ð±ÞÀÌ ¾ø´õ¶óµµ Ãß·Ð °¡´ÉÇÑ »ç½ÇÀÏ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, Ç¥¸éÀûÀÎ ³»¿ë¸¸ º¸°í ´äÀ» °áÁ¤Çؼ­´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù. * ÁÖü³ª ´ë»óÀ» ¹Ù²Ù¾î ³»¿ëÀ» È¥µ¿½ÃÅ°°Å³ª ±àÁ¤°ú ºÎÁ¤ÀÇ Ç¥ÇöÀÌ µÚ¹Ù²ï °Í¿¡ ÁÖÀÇÇϸ鼭 ±ÛÀ» ÅëÇØ Á¤È®È÷ È®ÀÎµÈ °ÍÀ» ´äÀ¸·Î ¼±ÅÃÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. 159ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 134ÂÊ 1. 3-002-347 (2014Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É BÇü 30¹ø) Fourier¿¡ °üÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀº? Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier was a French mathematician and physicist. When he was eight years old, his father died, and less than a year after this tragedy, his mother passed away, leaving him an orphan. A charitable lady helped him attend a local military school. He wanted to become an officer but was not allowed to because he was the son of a tailor. In 1795, he became a teacher at the ?cole Normale in Paris. During the post-Revolution frenzy, he spoke out against the use of the guillotine, for which he almost lost his life. When Napoleon invaded Egypt in 1798, Fourier and other scholars accompanied the expedition. Having returned to France, Fourier began his research on heat conduction. His mathematical theory of heat conduction earned him lasting fame. During his stay in Egypt he contracted a strange illness that confined him to well-heated rooms for the rest of his life. On May 16, 1830, Fourier died in Paris. * guillotine: ´ÜµÎ´ë ¨ç ÇÁ¶û½ºÀÇ ¼öÇÐÀÚÀÌÀÚ ¹°¸®ÇÐÀÚ¿´´Ù. ¨è Àç´Ü»çÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀ̶ó´Â ÀÌÀ¯·Î Àå±³°¡ µÇÁö ¸øÇß´Ù. ¨é ´ÜµÎ´ë »ç¿ë¿¡ ¹Ý´ëÇÏ´Ù°¡ ¸ñ¼ûÀ» ÀÒÀ» »·Çß´Ù. ¨ê ¿­Àüµµ¿¡ °üÇÑ ¼öÇÐ ÀÌ·ÐÀ¸·Î ¸í¼ºÀ» ¾ò¾ú´Ù. ¨ë ÀÌÁýÆ®¿¡¼­ ÇÁ¶û½º·Î µ¹¾Æ¿Â ÈÄ ÀÌ»óÇÑ º´¿¡ °É·È´Ù. 2. 3-002-348 (2014Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò BÇü 30¹ø) Zelia Maria Magdalena Nuttall¿¡ °üÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀº? American archaeologist-ethnohistorian Zelia Maria Magdalena Nuttall was well known especially for her investigations of pre-Columbian culture and her studies of Mexican peoples and native Mexican plants. Nuttall was a brilliant archival researcher and self-trained archaeologist who very early carved a career for herself by pursuing independent research and publishing in scholarly journals. Before age 30 she became a member of several highly prestigious scientific societies on the basis of her work. She was the winner of three medals for the exhibits of the results of her archival work and archaeological research, which she presented in Europe and the United States. Nuttall was never a part of university teaching faculty, and indeed there is no indication that she would have accepted such a position had it been offered. Early in her career, she was appointed Honorary Assistant in Mexican Archaeology at the Peabody Museum of Harvard University, a post she held for forty-seven years. * archival: ±â·ÏÀÇ ¨ç ¸ß½ÃÄÚÀÇ ÅäÁ¾ ½Ä¹°¿¡ °üÇÑ ¿¬±¸·Î Àß ¾Ë·ÁÁ³´Ù. ¨è µ¶ÀÚÀûÀÎ ¿¬±¸¿Í ÇмúÁö ³í¹® ¹ßÇ¥¸¦ ÅëÇØ °æ·ÂÀ» ½×¾Ò´Ù. ¨é 30¼¼°¡ µÇ±â Àü¿¡ ±ÇÀ§ ÀÖ´Â ¿©·¯ ÇÐȸÀÇ È¸¿øÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¨ê ±â·Ï ÀÛ¾÷°ú °í°íÇÐ ¿¬±¸ÀÇ °á°ú¹° Àü½Ã·Î ¼¼ °³ÀÇ ¸Þ´ÞÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ¨ë Harvard ´ëÇÐÀÇ ±³¼ö·Î 47³â°£ ÇлýµéÀ» °¡¸£ÃÆ´Ù. 160ÂÊ 3. 3-002-349 (2014Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò BÇü 30¹ø) Georgia O¡¯Keeffe¿¡ °üÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀº? In her art, Georgia O¡¯Keeffe clearly showed a pioneering spirit and an intensely individual style. At age twenty-seven, while teaching art in South Carolina, O¡¯Keeffe began a series of simple, abstract charcoal drawings that expressed her own ideas and feelings. She sent these drawings to a friend in New York, who showed them to Alfred Stieglitz, the owner of the influential gallery 291. Stieglitz hailed them as the ¡°purest, finest, sincerest things.¡± O¡¯Keeffe's greatest source of inspiration was nature. Her best-known paintings are large, extreme close-ups of flowers; the simplified and magnified views compel us to look at them in a new way and to discover their inner essence. At the same time, the paintings become abstract arrangements of color and line, light and shadow. While in New Mexico, she was also fascinated by the simple geometric grace of adobe churches and the majesty of the desert. * adobe: ÈëÀ» Àç·á·Î ÇÑ °ÇÃà ¾ç½ÄÀÇ ÀÏÁ¾ ¨ç 27¼¼¿¡ South Carolina¿¡¼­ ¹Ì¼úÀ» °¡¸£ÃÆ´Ù. ¨è ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ µå·ÎÀ× ÀÛÇ°µéÀ» Stieglitz¿¡°Ô º¸³Â´Ù. ¨é ¿µ°¨À» ¾òÀº °¡Àå Å« ¿øõÀº ÀÚ¿¬À̾ú´Ù. ¨ê °¡Àå Àß ¾Ë·ÁÁø ±×¸²µéÀº Ŭ·ÎÁî¾÷ÇÑ ²É ±×¸²ÀÌ´Ù. ¨ë New Mexico¿¡¼­ »ç¸·ÀÇ Àå¾öÇÔ¿¡ ¸Å·áµÇ¾ú´Ù. 4. 3-002-350 (2014Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É ¿¹ºñ½ÃÇà BÇü 30¹ø) Thistlegorm¿¡ °üÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀº? Packed full of artifacts and lying in the clear waters of the Red Sea, the Thistlegorm is perhaps the most famous of all shipwrecks for divers. Her fame comes at a price, however, with great numbers of divers crawling through the structure every day. The Thistlegorm first came to the attention of the global diving community in the 1950s, when she was discovered and filmed by Jacques Cousteau. Her location remained a secret until 1992, when she was rediscovered by recreational divers, and she has since become the most popular diving wreck in the entire Red Sea. The Thistlegorm was a World War II armed merchant vessel, 126m in length, carrying supplies to the British 8th Army in North Africa. Packed with machinery and weapons, she was spotted in the northern Red Sea by a German bomber on the 6th October 1941. Two bombs entered her Number Four hold, causing a huge explosion that cut her in half; she sank immediately with the loss of nine souls. ¨ç Red Sea¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¨è Jacques Cousteau¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÃÔ¿µµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¨é º¸±ÞÇ°À» ¼ö¼ÛÇÏ´Â µ¶Àϱº ±ºÇÔÀ̾ú´Ù. ¨ê ±â°è·ù¿Í ¹«±â¸¦ ½Æ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¨ë Æø°ÝÀ» ¹Þ°í °¡¶ó¾É¾Ò´Ù. 161ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 135ÂÊ 5. 3-002-351 (2013Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 33¹ø) Gregorio Dati¿¡ °üÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº? Gregorio Dati was a successful merchant of Florence, who entered into many profitable partnerships dealing in wool, silk, and other merchandise. His career, however, especially early on, knew the vicissitudes characteristic of Renaissance business. For example, while he was en route to Spain as his enterprise's traveling partner, a role typical for young men, pirates robbed him of all his goods, including a consignment of pearls, and of his own clothes. His recovery from such losses followed in part from four successive marriages. Later in life, he was honored to serve a number of posts in the city government. Over the years he wrote a ¡°diary,¡± actually an occasional record in which he kept accounts of his commercial and family life. Men of his kind pioneered this form of writing about the public and private self. * vicissitudes: ÆĶõ¸¸Àå * consignment: À§Å¹ÆǸÅÇ° ¨ç Florence »óÀÎÀ¸·Î¼­ ¼º°øÇÏÁö ¸øÇß´Ù. ¨è SpainÀ¸·Î °¡´Â ±æ¿¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¿ÊÀ» Á¦¿ÜÇÑ ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ¾àÅ»´çÇß´Ù. ¨é ³× ¹øÀÇ ÀÕµû¸¥ °áÈ¥À¸·Î °æÁ¦Àû ¼Õ½ÇÀ» ÀÔ¾ú´Ù. ¨ê Àλý ÈĹݿ¡ ½Ã Á¤ºÎ¿¡¼­ ´Ù¼öÀÇ Á÷Ã¥À» ¸Ã¾Ò´Ù. ¨ë ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °¡Á·»ýÈ°À» ¸ÅÀÏ ±â·ÏÇÑ Àϱ⸦ ½è´Ù. 6. 3-002-352 (2013Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 34¹ø) Great Salt Lake¿¡ °üÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀº? The Great Salt Lake is the largest salt lake in the Western Hemisphere. The lake is fed by the Bear, Weber, and Jordan rivers and has no outlet. At the close of the Ice Age the entire region was submerged beneath a lake of meltwater, and overflow from the lake flowed into the Pacific Ocean through the Snake and Columbia rivers. The great climatic change the lake underwent and continued evaporation, exceeding the inflow of fresh water, reduced the lake to one-twentieth of its former size. The majority of salt in the Great Salt Lake is a remnant of dissolved salts that are present in all fresh water. As the water evaporated, the traces of dissolved salts were gradually concentrated in the shrinking lake. ¨ç ¼­¹Ý±¸¿¡¼­ °¡Àå Å« ¼Ò±ÝÈ£¼öÀÌ´Ù. ¨è Bear °­, Weber °­, Jordan °­¿¡¼­ ¹°ÀÌ À¯ÀԵȴÙ. ¨é Àü Áö¿ªÀÌ ¹°¿¡ Àá±ä ÀûÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¨ê ½ÉÇÑ ±âÈÄ º¯È­¿Í °è¼ÓµÈ Áõ¹ß·Î Å©±â°¡ ÁÙ¾ú´Ù. ¨ë ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¼Ò±ÝÀº ¹Ù´å¹°ÀÌ Áõ¹ßÇÏ¿© ³²Àº °ÍÀÌ´Ù. 7. 3-002-353 (2013Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 36¹ø) Macon¿¡ °üÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº? Imagine the Titanic floating overhead: That's what it would have been like to see the USS Macon fly by. Nearly 800 feet long, the airship was completed in 1933 as part of an effort to equip the U.S. Navy with airborne military bases. With an onboard hangar, Macon was capable of launching five small fixed-wing planes in midair. But it never saw action and went down off California's Big Sur coast during a storm in 1935. Rediscovered in 1980 when a fisherman caught a piece of the airship's debris in his net, the wreck was recently surveyed and mapped using sonar and remotely operated robots. Government archaeologists continue to explore the unique site, which lies in 1,500 feet of water. * hangar: °Ý³³°í ¨ç 1933³â¿¡ ¸¸µé±â ½ÃÀÛÇÑ ±º»ç ±âÁö¿´´Ù. ¨è Çػ󿡼­ ´ëÇü ºñÇà±âµéÀ» ¹ßÁø½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¨é 1935³â ÀÛÀü ¼öÇà Áß ÆødzÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿© ±ÍȯÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¨ê ÀÜÇØ°¡ ¾îºÎÀÇ ±×¹°¿¡ °É·Á¼­ ¹ß°ßµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¨ë °í°íÇÐÀڵ鿡 ÀÇÇØ Å½»öÀÌ ¿Ï·áµÇ¾ú´Ù. 162ÂÊ 8. 3-002-354 (2013Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 37¹ø) Warren McArthur¿¡ °üÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀº? Warren McArthur graduated from Cornell in 1908 with a degree in mechanical engineering. He began working in the budding field of industrial design--patenting ten lamps between 1911 and 1914. He moved to Arizona in 1913, where he and his brother opened car dealerships. Warren originally ventured into furniture design and construction as a hobby, but at age 44, he moved to Los Angeles to design and manufacture metal furniture. He was among the pioneers in the use of aluminum for furniture, and his contribution included improvements and patents to facilitate mass production. He relocated his factory back East to New York in 1933 where he designed and manufactured unique aluminum furniture. ¨ç Cornell¿¡¼­ ±â°è°øÇÐ ÇÐÀ§¸¦ ÃëµæÇß´Ù. ¨è 1911³âºÎÅÍ 1914³â »çÀÌ¿¡ ·¥ÇÁ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Æ¯Ç㸦 ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ¨é Arizona¿¡¼­ Ä£±¸µé°ú ÇÔ²² ÀÚµ¿Â÷ Á¤ºñ¼Ò¸¦ ¿­¾ú´Ù. ¨ê °¡±¸ µðÀÚÀÎÀ» óÀ½¿¡´Â Ãë¹Ì·Î Çß¾ú´Ù. ¨ë New York¿¡¼­ ¾Ë·ç¹Ì´½ °¡±¸¸¦ Á¦ÀÛÇß´Ù. 9. 3-002-355 (2013Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 36¹ø) Patience Lovell Wright¿¡ °üÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº? Patience Lovell Wright was a successful artist who specialized in creating wax figures of famous people. Although Patience had received little formal education and what she knew about art was mostly self-taught, she was very skilled, and her work quickly became popular. She was also a devoted Patriot. When the war broke out, she immediately began to work for the Continental Army. She easily picked up information not only from her clients but also from women with whom she socialized often. Patience thrived on danger. Toward the end of the American Revolution, she became deeply involved in a plot to overthrow the king. Without financial backing, the plotters were forced to abandon their plan. Patience consoled herself by recognizing the part she had played in the American Revolution as one of the Patriots' most colorful spies. * Patriot: (µ¶¸³ÀüÀï ´ç½ÃÀÇ) ¾Ö±¹´Ü¿ø ¨ç Æò¹üÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¹Ð¶ø ¸ðÇüÀ» ¸¸µå´Â ¼º°øÇÑ ¿¹¼ú°¡¿´´Ù. ¨è Á¤±Ô ±³À°À» ÅëÇØ ¿¹¼ú¿¡ °üÇÑ ´ëºÎºÐÀ» ¾Ë¾Ò´Ù. ¨é ÀüÀïÀÌ ³¡³¯ ¹«·ÆºÎÅÍ Continental Army¿¡¼­ ÀÏÇß´Ù. ¨ê Á¾Á¾ Ä£±³¸¦ ³ª´©¾ú´ø ¿©¼ºµé·ÎºÎÅÍ Á¤º¸¸¦ ½±°Ô ¾ò¾ú´Ù. ¨ë ¿ÕÀ» ÆóÀ§½ÃÅ°·Á´Â À½¸ð¿¡ °¡´ãÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. 163ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 137ÂÊ 10. 3-002-356 (2013Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 37¹ø) jerboa¿¡ °üÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀº? The small jerboa lives in deserts across the world. Jerboas have big eyes and, like many desert animals, they can see very well at night. In the late evening, they come out of their holes and look for food--mostly seeds and plants. Jerboas are very well adapted to life in the desert. Some jerboas do not need to drink, because they get water from their food. In the hot summer, some jerboas sleep under the sand for two or three months. Jerboas also live in cold deserts like the Gobi. Here, they sleep in their holes in the winter and stay away from the snow. Jerboas can move very fast across the sand. They have huge back legs and they can jump up to three meters in one move. They do this when they need to run away from other animals. ¨ç ´«ÀÌ Å©°í ¹ã¿¡ ¸Å¿ì Àß º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¨è ÁÖ·Î ¾¾¾Ñ°ú ½Ä¹°À» ¸ÔÀ̷Πã´Â´Ù. ¨é Ãß¿î »ç¸·¿¡¼­µµ »ê´Ù. ¨ê ¸ð·¡ À§¿¡¼­´Â ¿òÁ÷ÀÓÀÌ µÐÇØÁø´Ù. ¨ë Ä¿´Ù¶õ µÞ´Ù¸®¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. 11. 3-002-357 (2012Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 37¹ø) 1920³â´ë Everest µî¹Ý¿¡ °üÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº? Marking the Nepal-Tibet border, Everest looms as a three-sided pyramid of gleaming ice and dark rock. The first eight expeditions to Everest were British, all of which attempted the mountain from the northern, Tibetan, side--not because it presented the most obvious weakness in the peak's formidable defenses but because in 1921 the Tibetan government opened its borders to foreigners, while Nepal remained off limits. The first Everesters were obliged to trek 400 miles from Darjeeling across the Tibetan plateau to reach the foot of the mountain. Their knowledge of the deadly effects of extreme altitude was limited and their equipment was poor. Yet in 1924, a member of the third British expedition, Edward Felix Norton, reached an elevation of 28,126 feet--just 900 feet below the summit--before being defeated by exhaustion and snow blindness. It was an astounding achievement that was not surpassed for 28 years. ¨ç óÀ½ ¿©´ü ÆÀÀÇ µî¹Ý´ë´Â Nepal ÂÊ¿¡¼­ µî¹ÝÀ» ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ¨è ÃÖÃÊÀÇ µî¹Ý´ë´Â Tibet °í¿ø Áö´ë¸¦ ¿ìȸÇÏ¿© »ê±â½¾¿¡ µµ´ÞÇß´Ù. ¨é ÃÖÃÊÀÇ µî¹Ý´ë´Â ±ØÇÑ °íµµÀÇ Ä¡¸íÀû ¿µÇâ¿¡ °üÇÑ Áö½ÄÀÌ ÃæºÐÇß´Ù. ¨ê 1924³â¿¡ Edward Felix NortonÀÌ Á¤»óÀÇ 900ÇÇÆ® ¾Æ·¡ ÁöÁ¡±îÁö ¿Ã¶ú´Ù. ¨ë Edward Felix NortonÀÇ µî¹Ý ±â·ÏÀº À̵ëÇØ¿¡ °æ½ÅµÇ¾ú´Ù. 164ÂÊ 12. 3-002-358 (2012Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 38¹ø) Giorgio Vasari¿¡ °üÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀº? Giorgio Vasari, the Italian painter, architect, and writer, was born in Arezzo in 1511. He was considered to be more successful as an architect than a painter. But what made him truly famous was his book Lives of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors and Architects (shortened as Lives). It is not known exactly how many copies of the first edition of Lives, published in 1550, were printed, but it earned Vasari the praise of his peers. Then in a revised edition of Lives in 1568, complete with portraits of the artists, he combined biographical anecdotes with critical comment. Although the revised edition overshadowed Vasari's own achievements as a painter and architect, it made him the most respected man of the Italian art world. He was even knighted by Pope Pius V in 1571. ¨ç Arezzo¿¡¼­ ž ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ È­°¡, °ÇÃà°¡ °â ÀÛ°¡¿´´Ù. ¨è LivesÀÇ ÃÊÆǺ»À¸·Î µ¿·áµé·ÎºÎÅÍ Äª¼ÛÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ¨é LivesÀÇ °³Á¤ÆÇ¿¡ ¿¹¼ú°¡µéÀÇ Àü±âÀû ÀÏÈ­¿Í ºñÆòÀ» ÇÔ²² ½Ç¾ú´Ù. ¨ê LivesÀÇ °³Á¤ÆÇÀ¸·Î ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ ¿¹¼ú°è¿¡¼­ Á¸°æÀ» ¹ÞÁö ¸øÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¨ë 1571³â¿¡ ±³È²À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ±â»ç ÀÛÀ§¸¦ ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. 13. 3-002-359 (2012Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 37¹ø) Sveta Bogoroditsa¿¡ °üÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº? The church ¡®Sveta Bogoroditsa¡¯ (¡®Holy Virgin¡¯) in Karlovo has a handsome profile with its blue and white bell tower. The bell tower is relatively new, from 1897, but the church building, as the inscription above the western entrance tells us, dates from 1851. Before they began constructing this new building in 1847, the older church of the Holy Virgin had burned down in 1813. This latter church, about which little is known, is believed by some to have been built already at the end of the fifteenth century, at the time of the founding of the little town of Karli-ova, later Karlovo. In any case, the names of priests serving in the church have been preserved from the eighteenth century on. Although the construction was completed in 1851, the events of the Crimean War and lack of funds delayed the furnishing of the church, and its consecration did not take place until May 20, 1858. * consecration: Çå´ç(½Ä) ¨ç À±°û¼±ÀÌ ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿ì¸ç Èæ»ö Á¾Å¾À» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¨è ±³È¸ °Ç¹°º¸´Ù ¸ÕÀú ¼¼¿öÁø Á¾Å¾ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¨é Karli-ova ¸¶À»ÀÌ ¼¼¿öÁú ¹«·Æ È­Àç·Î Ÿ ¹ö·È´Ù. ¨ê ºÀÁ÷ÇÑ »çÁ¦µéÀÇ À̸§ÀÌ 18¼¼±âºÎÅÍ º¸Á¸µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ¨ë 1851³â °Ç¹° ¿Ï°ø°ú µ¿½Ã¿¡ ¸ðµç ºñÇ°À» °®Ãß¾ú´Ù. 165ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 138ÂÊ 14. 3-002-360 (2012Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 38¹ø) Edwin Armstrong¿¡ °üÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀº? Edwin Armstrong, who first discovered and developed FM radio in the 1920s and early 1930s, is often considered the most prolific and influential inventor in radio history. He alone understood the impact of De Forest's vacuum tube, and he used it to invent an amplifying system that enabled radio receivers to pick up distant signals. Armstrong's innovations rendered useless the enormous alternators used for generating power in early radio transmitters. In 1922, he sold a ¡®super¡¯ version of his circuit to Radio Corporation of America (RCA) for $200,000 and sixty thousand shares of RCA stock, making him a millionaire as well as RCA's largest private stockholder. Armstrong also worked on the major problem of radio reception--electrical interference. Between 1930 and 1933, the inventor filed five patents on FM. * alternator: ±³·ù¹ßÀü±â ¨ç ¶óµð¿À ¿ª»ç»ó °¡Àå ¿µÇâ·Â ÀÖ´Â ¹ß¸í°¡·Î ¿©°ÜÁö°ï ÇÑ´Ù. ¨è ÀüÆÄ ¼ö½Å±â·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ¿ø°Å¸® ½ÅÈ£¸¦ Àâ°Ô ÇØÁÖ´Â ÁõÆø ÀåÄ¡¸¦ ¹ß¸íÇß´Ù. ¨é ±×ÀÇ Çõ½ÅÀû ÀåÄ¡µé·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿© Ãʱâ ÀüÆÄ ¼Û½Å±â¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ´ø °Å´ëÇÑ ±³·ù¹ßÀü±â°¡ ÇÊ¿ä ¾ø¾îÁ³´Ù. ¨ê 1922³â¿¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °í¼º´É ȸ·Î¸¦ RCA¿¡ ±âÁõÇß´Ù. ¨ë 1930³âºÎÅÍ 1933³â »çÀÌ¿¡, FM¿¡ °üÇÑ 5°³ÀÇ Æ¯Ç㸦 Ãâ¿øÇß´Ù. 15. 3-002-361(2012Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 37¹ø) Guillaume de Machaut¿¡ °üÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº? Guillaume de Machaut, who was famous as both a musician and a poet, was born in the French province of Champagne. He studied theology and spent much of his life in the service of various royal families. Around 1323, he became secretary and chaplain to John, king of Bohemia, whom he accompanied on trips and military campaigns throughout Europe. In his later years he lived mainly in Reims, where he served as a church official. Machaut traveled to many courts and presented beautifully decorated copies of his music and poetry to his noble patrons. These copies make Machaut one of the first important composers whose works have survived. The decline of the church in the fourteenth century is reflected in Machaut's output, which consists mainly of courtly love songs for one to four performers. ¨ç ½ÅÇÐÀ» °øºÎÇÑ ÈÄ ÀÏ»ý µ¿¾È Æò¹ÎÀ» À§ÇØ ºÀ»çÇß´Ù. ¨è 1323³â°æ Bohemia ¿ÕÀÌ µÇ¾î ÀüÀï¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¨é Reims¿¡ »ç´Â µ¿¾È¿¡´Â ±³È¸ È°µ¿À» ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¨ê ±ÍÁ· ÈÄ¿øÀڵ鿡°Ô ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ À½¾Ç°ú ½ÃÀÇ »çº»À» ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ¨ë 14¼¼±â ±³È¸ÀÇ ºÎÈïÀÌ ±×ÀÇ ÀÛÇ° ¼Ó¿¡ ¹Ý¿µµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. 166ÂÊ 16. 3-002-362 (2012Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 38¹ø) Bloodhound Car¿¡ °üÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀº? What's faster than a speeding bullet and isn't named Superman? The answer is the Bloodhound Car, or soon will be. Now being built in England, it is expected to be completed within a year. Powered by three engines, it is designed to go 1,050 miles per hour (mph), which would blast past the current land speed record of 763 mph, set in 1997. It is 13 meters long, 1.5 meters wide and 2 meters tall, and weighs 6.4 tons. Due to its enormous weight, it won't be the quickest car in the world from 0 to 100 mph, as it will take 15 seconds. But after that, it will only take 25 seconds to go from 100 to 1,000 mph! The Bloodhound Car is scheduled to make its record-breaking attempt in 2013 at the Hakskeen Pan Desert in South Africa. ¨ç ÇöÀç England¿¡¼­ Á¦À۵ǰí ÀÖ´Ù. ¨è ½Ã¼Ó 1,050¸¶ÀÏ·Î ÁÖÇàÀÌ °¡´ÉÇϵµ·Ï ¼³°èµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ¨é Ãâ¹ß ÈÄ ½Ã¼Ó 100¸¶ÀÏ¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÏ´Â ½Ã°£ÀÌ ¼¼°è¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ªÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¨ê ½Ã¼Ó 100¸¶ÀÏ¿¡¼­ 1,000¸¶ÀÏ·Î ³ôÀÌ´Â µ¥ 25ÃÊ°¡ °É¸± °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¨ë Hakskeen Pan Desert¿¡¼­ ±â·Ï °æ½Å¿¡ µµÀüÇÒ ¿¹Á¤ÀÌ´Ù. 17. 3-002-363 (2011Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 36¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº? Around 350 B.C. there lived in Greece a very famous painter named Apelles. It was his practice to conceal himself at previews of his paintings in order to hear the public's opinions of his masterpieces. At one such preview a bootmaker criticized the shoes in a painting on which Apelles had labored long and hard. After correcting the picture the painter arranged a second preview. This time the bootmaker began to criticize the anatomy of one of the characters. Apelles was unable to restrain himself, for he knew that the criticism was unjust and the man knew nothing about anatomy. From his hiding place Apelles shouted, ¡°Bootmaker, stick to your last!¡± From that time it has been the custom to ridicule the people who act like they know what they do not with the pointed caution, ¡°Stick to your last!¡± ¨ç ±â¿øÀü 350³â°æ ±×¸®½º¿¡ Apelles¶ó´Â ¹«¸íÀÇ È­°¡°¡ »ì¾Ò´Ù. ¨è Apelles´Â ½Ã¿¬È¸¿¡¼­ ´ëÁßÀÇ ÀÇ°ßÀ» µèÁö ¾ÊÀ¸·Á°í ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¨é ±¸µÎÀåÀÌ´Â ApellesÀÇ ÀÛÇ°¿¡ ±×·ÁÁø ½Å¹ßÀ» ĪÂùÇß´Ù. ¨ê Apelles´Â ±×¸²À» ¼öÁ¤ÇÑ ÈÄ ´Ù½Ã ½Ã¿¬È¸¸¦ ¸¶·ÃÇß´Ù. ¨ë Apelles´Â ±¸µÎÀåÀÌÀÇ ÇغÎÇÐÀû Áö½ÄÀÌ Ç³ºÎÇÔÀ» ÀÎÁ¤Çß´Ù. 167ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 139ÂÊ 18. 3-002-364 (2011Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 37¹ø) bristlecone pines¿¡ °üÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀº? Bristlecone pines are unusual trees that grow in the mountain regions of western America, sometimes as high as two or more miles above sea level. They grow very slowly and range from 15 to 40 feet in height. These evergreens often live for thousands of years. Considering the habitat of these trees, such as rocky areas where the soil is poor and precipitation is slight, it seems almost incredible that they should live so long or even survive at all. The environmental adversities, however, actually contribute to their longevity. Cells that are produced as a result of these conditions are densely arranged. The densely structured wood is resistant to invasion by insects and other potential pests. Bristlecone pines grow faster in richer conditions, but die earlier and soon decay. The harshness of their surroundings, then, is a vital factor in making them strong and sturdy. ¨ç ÇØ¹ß 2¸¶ÀÏ ÀÌ»ó µÇ´Â °÷¿¡¼­ ÀÚ¶ó±âµµ ÇÑ´Ù. ¨è ³ôÀÌ´Â 15ÇÇÆ®¿¡¼­ 40ÇÇÆ® »çÀÌÀÌ´Ù. ¨é »ó·Ï¼ö·Î¼­ Á¾Á¾ ¼öõ ³â µ¿¾È »ê´Ù. ¨ê Á¶Á÷ÀÌ Á¶¹ÐÇÏ¿© ÇØÃæÀÇ Ä§ÀÔ¿¡ ÀúÇ×·ÂÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¨ë º¸´Ù ³ªÀº ȯ°æ¿¡¼­´Â ´õ »¡¸® ÀÚ¶ó°í ´õ ¿À·¡ »ê´Ù. 19. 3-002-365 (2011Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 37¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº? During the early 1980s, a team of Italian scientists carried out a series of studies under a variety of circumstances on the ticklishness of people. The researchers found that people seem to have one foot that is more ticklish than the other--and for most people it is the right. The experiment was repeated in 1998 using a special way that a pointed nylon rod was stroked across the bottom of the foot three times at intervals of a second. After applying it to thirty-four people, the researchers confirmed the original finding and pushed back the frontiers of knowledge still further by showing that males were more ticklish than females. One suggested explanation is that the left side of the brain, which detects stimuli applied to the right foot, is associated with positive emotions such as laughter. ¨ç 1980³â´ë ¸»¿¡ ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ °úÇÐÀÚµéÀÌ °£Áö·³¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¿¬±¸ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¨è ¾çÂÊ ¹ßÀÌ ¶È°°ÀÌ °£Áö·³À» Ÿ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. ¨é ³ªÀÏ·Ð ºÀÀ¸·Î ¹«¸­À» ¾²´Ùµë´Â ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ½ÇÇèÀÌ À翬µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¨ê ¿©ÀÚ°¡ ³²ÀÚº¸´Ù °£Áö·³À» ´õ ¸¹ÀÌ Å¸´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ¹àÇôÁ³´Ù. ¨ë ¿ÞÂÊ ³ú°¡ ±àÁ¤Àû °¨Á¤°ú ¿¬°üµÈ´Ù´Â ¼³¸íÀÌ Á¦½ÃµÇ¾ú´Ù. 168ÂÊ 20. 3-002-366 (2011Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 38¹ø) Buffon¿¡ °üÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀº? Buffon was a famous zoologist and botanist during the reign of the French monarch Louis XVI. Buffon stocked the park at Versailles with wild animals. He also expanded the botanical garden on the Left Bank in Paris. And with the confidence that goes with being a great collector, he began writing a comprehensive natural history of the world. In that work, Buffon expressed the biased opinion that native animals of the New World are smaller than those of Europe, that there are fewer species of animals in America, and that even domesticated species of European animals diminished in size and vigor upon crossing the Atlantic. Obviously, his opinions were not well-received and were severely criticized in America. ¨ç Louis XVI°¡ ÅëÄ¡ÇÒ ¶§ÀÇ µ¿¹°ÇÐÀÚÀÌÀÚ ½Ä¹°ÇÐÀÚ¿´´Ù. ¨è ParisÀÇ Left Bank¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ½Ä¹°¿øÀ» È®ÀåÇß´Ù. ¨é ¼¼°è ÀÚ¿¬»ç¿¡ °üÇÑ ±ÛÀ» ÁýÇÊÇϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ¨ê AmericaÀÇ µ¿¹° Á¾ÀÌ Europeº¸´Ù ¸¹´Ù´Â °ßÇظ¦ Ç¥¸íÇß´Ù. ¨ë ±×ÀÇ °ßÇصéÀº America¿¡¼­ ºñÆÇÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. 21. 3-002-367 (2011Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 36¹ø) Jaisalmer¿¡ °üÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº? Known as the Golden City, Jaisalmer, a former caravan center on the route to the Khyber Pass, rises from a sea of sand, its 30-foot-high walls and medieval sandstone fort sheltering palaces that soar into the sapphire sky. With its tiny winding lanes and hidden temples, Jaisalmer is straight out of The Arabian Nights. So little has the way of life altered here that it is easy to imagine yourself back in the 13th century. It is the only fortress city in India still functioning, with one quarter of its population living within the walls. It is just far enough off the beaten path to have been spared damage from tourists. The city's wealth originally came from the substantial tolls it placed on passing merchants. ¨ç Khyber PassÀÇ ÇÑ °¡¿îµ¥ À§Ä¡ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¨è »ýÈ° ¹æ½Ä¿¡ ¸¹Àº º¯È­¸¦ °Þ¾î ¿Ô´Ù. ¨é Àα¸ÀÇ Àý¹ÝÀÌ ¼ºº® ¾È¿¡ »ì°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¨ê °ü±¤°´À¸·Î ÀÎÇÑ ÇÇÇØ°¡ ÄÇ´Ù. ¨ë »óÀε鿡°Ô ÅëÇà·á¸¦ ºÎ°úÇß¾ú´Ù. 169ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 141ÂÊ 22. 3-002-368 (2011Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 37¹ø) Sofonisba Anguissola¿¡ °üÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀº? The best-known female artist of the sixteenth century, Sofonisba Anguissola, was born into a noble Italian family. Her mother died young, leaving her wealthy husband with five talented daughters. Unusual of the time, this liberal father gave his daughters a full classical education including painting. It was this enlightened attitude that enabled Anguissola to earn her own living as a portrait painter in the Spanish court and helped her to rise above the restrictions of her class and gender. In Three Sisters Playing Chess, Anguissola broke with tradition by concentrating on those scenes and models available to her, painting her sisters in a domestic setting. This gave the portrait an immediacy, which allowed the contemporary Italian art historian Vasari to attribute to her the development of the conversational portrait, as opposed to the formal frontal or profile portrait. ¨ç ºÎÀ¯ÇÑ ¾Æ¹öÁö¿Í Àç´ÉÀÖ´Â ÀڸŵéÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¨è ±×¸² ±×¸®±â¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ °íÀü ±³À°À» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ¨é Spain ±ÃÁ¤ÀÇ ÃÊ»óÈ­°¡·Î¼­ »ý°è¸¦ À¯ÁöÇß´Ù. ¨ê Three Sisters Playing Chess¿¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀڸŵéÀ» ±×·È´Ù. ¨ë ´ç´ëÀÇ È­°¡ Vasari¿Í ÇÔ²² Á¤¸é ÃÊ»óÈ­ ¹ßÀü¿¡ ±â¿©Çß´Ù. 23. 3-002-369 (2010Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 36¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±Û¿¡¼­ smallmouth bass¿¡ °üÇÑ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº? Like its largemouth cousin, the smallmouth bass is a native of the Mississippi drainage, which makes it a true heartland fish. Whereas the largemouth likes slow or still water with lots of food-holding weeds, the smallmouth prefers clean, rocky bottoms and swifter water, ideally in the range of 65¡Æ to 68¡ÆF. In waters warmer than 73¡ÆF, you can forget about finding one. In lakes, smallmouth often school up, which means that if you catch one, you can catch a bunch. In rivers and streams, they are more solitary. The smallmouth has a series of dark vertical bands along its sides. The dorsal fin is one continuous fin (as opposed to the separated dorsal fin of the largemouth). * dorsal fin: µîÁö´À·¯¹Ì ¨ç Mississippi °­À¸·Î À¯ÀÔµÈ ¿Ü·¡Á¾ÀÌ´Ù. ¨è ¹°ÀÇ È帧ÀÌ ´À¸° °÷À» ÁÁ¾ÆÇÑ´Ù. ¨é 73¡ÆF ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¹°¿¡¼­ ½±°Ô ã¾Æº¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¨ê È£¼öº¸´Ù °­¿¡¼­ ¶¼¸¦ Áö¾î ´Ù´Ñ´Ù. ¨ë ¸öÅëÀÇ ¿·¸é¿¡´Â °Å¹«½º¸§ÇÑ ¶ìµéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. 170ÂÊ 24. 3-002-370 (2010Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 37¹ø) Chattanooga¿¡ °üÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀº? Starting in the 1960s, people began flooding into Chattanooga, a former factory town, to explore its caves, rivers, and cliffs. Before long more than 3,800 caves surrounding the city had been discovered. The nearby Ocoee was among the most paddled rivers in the country and six major climbing sites sprang up within an hour's drive of city limits. But in spite of this boundless outdoors potential, there remained the problem of Chattanooga proper, a post-industrial wasteland that made the city the kind of place you would visit but would never want to live in. Not, that is, until lately. Over the past decade, Chattanooga has made an incredible urban comeback: electric buses, organic markets, and a 120-million-dollar riverfront restoration project completed last year. In addition, beautiful modern architecture such as the post-modern museum and the newly remodeled aquarium plays a big role in the comeback of Chattanooga. ¨ç °­, Àýº® µîÀ» ŽÇèÇϱâ À§ÇØ 1960³â´ëºÎÅÍ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¸ô·Áµé¾ú´Ù. ¨è ÁÖº¯¿¡¼­ 3,800°³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ µ¿±¼µéÀÌ ¹ß°ßµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¨é ÁÖ¿ä µî¹Ý Àå¼Ò°¡ µµ½Ã °æ°è¿¡¼­ Â÷·Î ÇÑ ½Ã°£ À̳»ÀÇ °Å¸®¿¡ »ý°å´Ù. ¨ê °­º¯Áö¿ª º¹±¸ »ç¾÷Àº ÀϾï ÀÌõ¸¸ ´Þ·¯¸¦ µé¿© ÁøÇàµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¨ë Çö´ë½Ä °ÇÃ๰µéÀÌ µµ½ÃÀÇ ¸ð½ÀÀ» µÇã´Â µ¥ Å« ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. 25. 3-002-371 (2010Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 37¹ø) the barrier at the River Scheldt¿¡ °üÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº? The barrier at the River Scheldt in the Netherlands is the world's largest tidal surge barrier. It protects Zeeland from the constant threat of flooding. Completed in 1987, it forms part of the Delta Project, a line of massive sea-defenses, which was constructed after disastrous floods in 1953. As originally planned, the barrier was to be a solid dam that, by drastically restricting tidal flows, would have destroyed much of the marine environment on the Eastern Scheldt. In 1973, however, a campaign forced the project to be suspended. The project was revived four years later in a new and greatly modified form. Instead of being permanently sealed, the redesigned barrier is now normally open to the tides, restricting their flow by only 25 percent. It is only when water levels reach 3 meters above normal that steel gates close shut, holding back even the most extreme waters. * surge: ¹ü¶÷ ¨ç 1953³â¿¡ ÀϾ È«¼ö ÇÇÇظ¦ ÁÙÀÌ´Â µ¥ µµ¿òÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¨è Á¶¼öÀÇ È帧À» ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ¸·¾Æ ÇØ¾ç »ýÅ°迡 Å« ÇÇÇظ¦ ¾ß±âÇß´Ù. ¨é °Ç¼³ »ç¾÷ÀÌ Áß´ÜµÈ Áö 5³â ÈÄ Àç°³µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¨ê Àç¼³°èµÇ¾î Æò»ó½Ã¿¡´Â Á¶¼öÀÇ È帧À» Àý¹Ý¸¸ Á¦ÇÑÇÑ´Ù. ¨ë ¹°ÀÌ Æ¯Á¤ ¼öÀ§¿¡ À̸¦ ¶§ ¼ö¹®ÀÌ ´ÝÈù´Ù. 171ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 142ÂÊ 26. 3-002-372 (2010Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 38¹ø) precocial birds¿¡ °üÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀº? The young of precocial birds belonging to the same clutch have a strong incentive to hatch as close together in time as possible. The mother and the first-hatched young will be on the move within hours; chicks left behind in the eggs will die. When the eggs of these species are incubated separately, the hatching times are spread over a period of days; but when they are kept together, hatching times are close by, within one or two hours. This coordinated hatching is achieved by sound signals exchanged by the chicks while they are still in the eggs. The most characteristic sound is a regular loud click, which is most persistent just prior to hatching. It is not caused by a tapping against the shell, but is a vocalization associated with breathing movements. * precocial: ºÎÈ­ ÈÄ °ð È°µ¿ÇÏ´Â * clutch: ÇÑ ¹èÀÇ »õ³¢µé ¨ç ÇÑ ¹èÀÇ »õ³¢µéÀº °¡´ÉÇÑ ÇÑ ¼­·Î °¡±î¿î ½Ã°£¿¡ ºÎÈ­ÇÏ·Á´Â °­ÇÑ µ¿±â°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¨è ¾î¹Ì¿Í ¸ÕÀú ºÎÈ­ÇÑ »õ³¢µéÀº ¼ö ½Ã°£ ³»¿¡ À̵¿ÇÑ´Ù. ¨é ¾ËµéÀÌ ¼­·Î ¶³¾îÁ® ºÎÈ­µÉ ¶§, ºÎÈ­´Â ¸çÄ¥¿¡ °ÉÃÄ ÀϾ´Ù. ¨ê »õ³¢µéÀº ¾Ë ¼Ó¿¡¼­ ¼Ò¸® ½ÅÈ£µéÀ» ÁÖ°í¹Þ´Â´Ù. ¨ë °¡Àå Ư¡ÀûÀÎ ¼Ò¸®´Â ²®µ¥±â¸¦ µÎµå·Á ³»´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. 27. 3-002-373 (2010Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 36¹ø) Costa Rica¿¡ °üÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº? Costa Rica means ¡®rich coast¡¯ in Spanish. It was discovered in 1502 and named by Christopher Columbus, who thought it might be a land rich with gold. However, Costa Rica has no great mineral wealth. It has, instead, rich soil and a moderate climate. While other Latin American nations suffered exploitation from outside the region and developed societies split by class conflict between rich and poor, Costa Rica developed an agricultural economy made up of numerous small farmers. There was not great wealth, but what there was was spread evenly. Costa Rica continued its unusual development after it separated from Spain in 1821, becoming the first Latin American country to abolish slavery. In 1889 the little nation held the first free election in Latin America. ¨ç ±ÝÀ» ºñ·ÔÇÑ ±¤¹° ÀÚ¿øÀÌ Ç³ºÎÇÑ ³ª¶óÀÌ´Ù. ¨è Åä¾çÀº ºñ¿ÁÇÏÁö¸¸ ±âÈÄ´Â ¿ÂÈ­ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù. ¨é ´ë±Ô¸ð ³óÀåÀ» ¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î ÇÑ ³ó¾÷ °æÁ¦°¡ ¹ß´ÞÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¨ê ¶óƾ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«¿¡¼­ ³ë¿¹ Á¦µµ¸¦ ÆóÁöÇÑ ¸¶Áö¸· ±¹°¡ÀÌ´Ù. ¨ë ¶óƾ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«¿¡¼­ ÃÖÃÊ·Î ÀÚÀ¯ ¼±°Å¸¦ ½Ç½ÃÇÏ¿´´Ù. 172ÂÊ 28. 3-002-374 (2010Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 37¹ø) TLA¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀº? In the early 1960s, Jill Norris, the mother of two sons with learning difficulties, began to exchange appropriate toys with other families; out of this she founded the Toy Libraries Association(TLA). The association opened toy libraries in community centers, clinics, schools, public libraries, and hospitals around the world. From these toy libraries parents and children could borrow toys knowing that they have been thoroughly tried and tested, not only for their play value but also for safety. Over the years, the association has involved leading professional educators and therapists, alongside parents, in the production of numerous publications on specific toys and aspects of play. In its early years, the association was opposed by the toy industry because it was likely to reduce sales of toys as children were borrowing them. ¨ç ´Ù¸¥ °¡Á·°úÀÇ Àå³­°¨ ±³È¯À» °è±â·Î ½ÃÀ۵Ǿú´Ù. ¨è ¼¼°è °÷°÷ÀÇ º´¿ø¿¡ Àå³­°¨ µµ¼­°üÀ» ¼¼¿ü´Ù. ¨é Àå³­°¨ µµ¼­°üÀÇ Àå³­°¨Àº ¾ÈÀü¼º ½ÃÇèÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ¨ê ÃâÆǹ° Á¦ÀÛ¿¡ ±³À° Àü¹®°¡¸¦ Âü¿©½ÃÄ×´Ù. ¨ë Ãʱ⿡ Àå³­°¨ ¾÷ü·ÎºÎÅÍ È¯¿µÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. 29. 3-002-375 (2009Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 36¹ø) RPC¿¡ °üÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº? The RPC, founded in 1996, describes itself as a progressive organization fighting for social change. It is a multiracial, multi-issue, international membership organization. Its mission is to move the nation and the world towards social, racial, and economic justice. It has its headquarters in Chicago, and major branches in Washington, D.C., New York, and Los Angeles. It has succeeded in registering hundreds of thousands of voters, helped elect many officials, mediated labor disputes, affected public policy in Haiti, and helped secure professional positions for minorities in a number of different fields. It also works on issues such as fair housing, gender equality, and environmental justice. ¨ç 1996³â¿¡ ¼³¸³µÈ º¸¼ö ´ÜüÀÌ´Ù. ¨è ÀÓ¹«´Â ÀÎÁ¾ ¹®Á¦¿¡ ±¹ÇѵȴÙ. ¨é º»ºÎ´Â ´º¿å°ú ·Î½º¾ØÁ©·¹½º¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¨ê HaitiÀÇ °ø°ø Á¤Ã¥¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ³¢ÃÆ´Ù. ¨ë ¾ç¼º Æòµî°ú ȯ°æ ¹®Á¦¿¡´Â °ü¿©ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. 30. 3-002-376 (2009Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 37¹ø) sacred lotus¿¡ °üÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀº? A water plant called the sacred lotus regulates its temperature in order to benefit insects that it needs to reproduce. When the plant flowers, it heats its blossoms to above 86¡ÆF for as long as four days. It does so, even when the air is as cool as 50¡ÆF. The heat releases an aroma that attracts certain insects, which fly into the flower to feed on nectar and pollen. But according to Roger Seymour and Paul Schultze-Motel of Australia's University of Adelaide, the heat does more: It rewards insects with a stable environment that enhances their ability to eat, mate, and prepare for flight. * nectar: (²ÉÀÇ) ²Ü * pollen: ²É°¡·ç ¨ç ¹ø½Ä¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °ïÃæÀ» ÀÌ·Ó°Ô Çϱâ À§ÇØ ¿Âµµ¸¦ Á¶ÀýÇÑ´Ù. ¨è °³È­ ½Ã¿¡´Â ²ÉÀ» È­¾¾ 86µµ ÀÌ»ó±îÁö µû¶æÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. ¨é È­¾¾ 50µµÀÇ ±â¿Â¿¡¼­´Â ¿­À» ³»Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¨ê ²ÉÀÇ ¿­ÀÌ °ïÃæÀ» À¯ÀÎÇÏ´Â Çâ±â¸¦ ¹ß»ê½ÃŲ´Ù. ¨ë ²ÉÀÇ ¿­ÀÌ °ïÃæÀÇ Â¦Áþ±â ´É·ÂÀ» Çâ»ó½ÃÅ°´Â ȯ°æÀ» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. 173ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 144ÂÊ 31. 3-002-377 (2009Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 35¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº? Colton, a city in California, is currently involved in a series of legal battles over how much it should be prepared to pay to save an endangered fly: the Delhi Sands Flower-loving Fly, a rather pretty insect that takes nectar from local flowers. This tiny creature has the distinction of being the first fly to be declared an endangered species in the U.S. Shortly after this fly was listed as an endangered species, construction of a hospital parking lot was stopped. The hospital had planned to construct its parking lot over seven acres of occupied fly habitat, but that suddenly became illegal. The hospital then had to spend $4 million redrawing its plans and moving its parking lot 250 feet. * nectar: °úÁó ¨ç Colton ½Ã´Â ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ ¹ýÀû ºÐÀï¿¡ °ü·ÃµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¨è Æĸ®´Â ¸êÁ¾ À§±âÁ¾À¸·Î ÁöÁ¤µÈ ÀûÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. ¨é º´¿ø ÁÖÂ÷Àå °Ç¸³ÀÌ Áß´ÜµÈ ÀûÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¨ê º´¿ø °Ç¸³À¸·Î 7¿¡ÀÌÄ¿ÀÇ Æĸ® ¼­½ÄÁö°¡ Æı«µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¨ë º´¿øÀº ¹ú±ÝÀ¸·Î 4¹é¸¸ ´Þ·¯¸¦ ÁöºÒÇß´Ù. 32. 3-002-378 (2009Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 36¹ø) Porto¿¡ °üÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀº? Once a famous merchant port of the Portuguese empire, Porto today gives the impression of a forgotten city. It was built where the slow-moving Duoro River flows to the Atlantic through the steep hills guarding the seashore. It still carries the features of a busy medieval town in a strategically important location for defense. With its magnificent castles overlooking the river and a rich history of wine making, one might expect it to be one of the most visited cities in the world. But hidden as it is in the northwest corner of the Iberian Peninsula, few tourists make the trip. ¨ç ÇѶ§´Â À¯¸íÇÑ ¹«¿ª Ç×±¸¿´´Ù. ¨è Duoro°­ÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °÷¿¡ ¼¼¿öÁ³´Ù. ¨é Áß¼¼ µµ½ÃÀÇ Æ¯Â¡À» Áö´Ï°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¨ê ¿ÍÀÎ Á¦Á¶ÀÇ Ç³ºÎÇÑ ¿ª»ç¸¦ °®°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¨ë ¸¹Àº °ü±¤°´À» ²ø¾îµéÀÌ°í ÀÖ´Ù. 33. 3-002-379 (2009Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 36¹ø) ¡°Primitive people¡±ÀÇ ¾ð¾î¿¡ °üÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº? Some people think the languages of so-called primitive peoples are so simple that they have limited vocabularies of only a few hundred words. This is not the case. Like other languages, these languages usually have only as many words as the people need to express themselves. They may lack the scientific and technical words of the more ¡°civilized¡± languages, such as English. But their words for tools, animals, plants, and other everyday things run into the thousands. Dictionaries written for the Navaho Indians, for example, list 11,000 Navaho words; for the African Zulus, 17,000; for the Dakota Indians, 19,000; for the Maya Indians of Mexico and Central America, 20,000. ¨ç ÀÚ±â Ç¥Çö¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¾îÈÖ°¡ ºÎÁ·ÇÏ´Ù. ¨è °úÇаú ±â¼ú °ü·Ã ¾îÈÖ°¡ ¿µ¾î ¸øÁö¾Ê°Ô dzºÎÇÏ´Ù. ¨é µµ±¸, µ¿½Ä¹°, ÀÏ»ó°ú °ü·ÃµÈ ¾îÈÖ ¼ö°¡ ¼öõ¿¡ ´ÞÇÑ´Ù. ¨ê ¾îÈÖ »çÀüÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¨ë ¸¶¾ß Àεð¾ðÀÇ ¾îÈÖ ¼ö°¡ °¡Àå Àû´Ù. 174ÂÊ 34. 3-002-380 (2009Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 37¹ø) Jorge Luis Borges¿¡ °üÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀº? Jorge Luis Borges, the most influential short-story writer in Latin America, was born in Buenos Aires. Prosperous but not rich, his family was respected in Latin American history, and included several famous military heroes. He did not attend school till he was nine, but he was taught at home by a British tutor. His father, who practiced law, encouraged him to read a lot. In 1921, he began publishing poems and essays. He got his first job as an assistant librarian in 1937, because he had to support his family after his father's death. Over the next 15 years he published most of the stories that would win international fame--collected in four volumes. He never attempted a novel, because his genius was best expressed through the shorter forms of literature. ¨ç ºÎÀ¯ÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê¾ÒÁö¸¸ ¸í¸ÁÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °¡¹®¿¡¼­ ž´Ù. ¨è 9¼¼±îÁö Áý¿¡¼­ ¿µ±¹ÀÎ °³ÀÎ ±³»ç¿¡°Ô ±³À°¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ¨é 1921³âºÎÅÍ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÛÇ°À» ¼¼»ó¿¡ ¹ßÇ¥Çϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ¨ê °¡Á· ºÎ¾ç ¶§¹®¿¡ º¸Á¶ »ç¼­·Î ÀÏÇÑ °æÇèÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¨ë ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ÀåÆí ¼Ò¼³Àº ±¹Á¦ÀûÀÎ ¸í¼ºÀ» ¾ò¾ú´Ù. 35. 3-002-381 (2008Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 36¹ø) ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº? Located 1,100 feet above the tiny coastal town of Amalfi, Ravello has been described as closer to heaven than to the sea. Two irresistibly romantic gardens--the Villa Rufolo and the Villa Cimbrone--justify its reputation as ¡®the place where poets go to die.¡¯ Hotel guests can hope to experience breathtaking views of the deep blue sea from Palazzo Sasso. Constructed in the 12th century, now a deluxe hotel, Palazzo Sasso is all about the view. Richard Wagner found inspiration on this site in 1880, penning a part of Parsifal during a stay here. Every summer an internationally famous classical Wagner music festival takes place in the garden of the Villa Rufolo. ¨ç Amalfi´Â »ê¾Ç Áö¿ª¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ´ëµµ½ÃÀÌ´Ù. ¨è Ravello´Â Çؼö¸éº¸´Ù ³·Àº °÷¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¨é Palazzo Sasso¿¡¼­´Â ¹Ù´Ù dz°æÀ» º¼ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ¨ê Palazzo Sasso´Â 1880³â¿¡ °ÇÃàµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¨ë Villa Rufolo¿¡¼­ ¸Å³â Wagner À½¾ÇÁ¦°¡ ¿­¸°´Ù. 36. 3-002-382 (2008Çг⵵ ´ë¼ö´É 37¹ø) Recreational tree climbing¿¡ °üÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀº? Recreational tree climbing is an evolving sport. It got its start in 1983, when Peter Jenkins began teaching all sorts of people, including children, how to climb trees safely using a rope and a harness and the recreational tree climbing technique. In the United States, it is now practiced by a thousand or so people but is rapidly growing in popularity. However, those who study rare plants are worried about recreational tree climbers. They fear that these climbers may try to climb the biggest and tallest trees if they learn their exact locations. Any contact between humans and rare plants can be disastrous for the plants. ¨ç Peter Jenkins°¡ 1983³â¿¡ °¡¸£Ä¡±â ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ¨è ¾Æµ¿µéµµ ¾ÈÀüÇÏ°Ô ¿À¸£´Â ¹ýÀ» ±³À°¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ¨é ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­ ºü¸¥ ¼Óµµ·Î Àα⸦ ¾ò¾î°¡°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¨ê Èñ±Í ½Ä¹°À» ¿¬±¸ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Àû±ØÀûÀ¸·Î Áñ±ä´Ù. ¨ë »ç¶÷°ú Èñ±Í ½Ä¹°ÀÇ Á¢ÃËÀº ½Ä¹°¿¡°Ô ÇØ°¡ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. 175ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 145ÂÊ 37. 3-002-383 (2008Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 39¹ø) artificial skin¿¡ °üÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀº? A group of researchers have recently developed an artificial skin that can detect both pressure and temperature at the same time. They inserted pressure sensors and temperature sensors in a thin plastic film to create a net-like structure. The new artificial skin is flexible enough to wrap around robot fingers and relatively inexpensive to make. This breakthrough has the potential to improve how robots will function in the real world. Future artificial skins could incorporate sensors not only for pressure and temperature, but also for light, humidity, strain or sound. ¨ç ¾Ð·Â°ú ¿Âµµ¸¦ µ¿½Ã¿¡ °¨ÁöÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¨è ¾ãÀº Çöó½ºÆ½ Çʸ§ ¼Ó¿¡ °¨Áö ÀåÄ¡°¡ »ðÀԵǾî ÀÖ´Ù. ¨é ·Îº¿ ¼Õ°¡¶ô¿¡ °¨À» ¼ö ÀÖÀ» Á¤µµ·Î À¯¿¬ÇÏ´Ù. ¨ê ½Ç»ýÈ°¿¡¼­ ·Îº¿ÀÇ ±â´ÉÀ» Çâ»ó½Ãų ÀáÀç·ÂÀ» °®°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¨ë ºû°ú ¼Ò¸®ÀÇ °¨Áö ±â´ÉÀ» ÅëÇÕÇÏÁö´Â ¸øÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. 38. 3-002-384 (2008Çг⵵ 9¿ù ¸ðÆò 40¹ø) red fox¿¡ °üÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº? The red fox often acts in ways that seem extremely crafty. Trappers seeking red foxes must clean their equipment well to rid it of human smells, or the foxes will not come near. The foxes also manage to dig up hidden traps and set them off without being caught. Red foxes have even been known to use a pedestrian underpass rather than cross a highway. On the other hand, red foxes are sometimes extremely careless. They often come running in response to an imitation of their bark, regardless of danger. They readily return to areas where they have been heavily hunted in the past. So whether or not the red fox is especially intelligent is an open question. ¨ç »ç¶÷ ³¿»õ¸¦ ¸Ã°í °¡±îÀÌ ¿Â´Ù. ¨è ¼û°ÜÁø µ£À» ÆÄÇìÄ¡±âµµ ÇÑ´Ù. ¨é °í¼Óµµ·Î À§·Î ´Ù´Ò ¸¸Å­ ´ë´ãÇÏ´Ù. ¨ê °ú°Å¿¡ ÂÑ°å´ø Áö¿ª¿¡´Â µ¹¾Æ¿ÀÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¨ë Áö´ÉÀÌ ³ôÀº °ÍÀ¸·Î ÀÔÁõµÇ¾ú´Ù. 39. 3-002-385 (2008Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 38¹ø) Oak tree¿¡ °üÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº? Oaks are kings of the forest. Most of these trees take 100 years to reach maturity. They can grow up to 150 feet high. The trees have thick trunks and large, wide-spreading branches. The leaf is usually deeply toothed, but in some species it is almost smooth at the edge. Oaks vary in appearance but are easily recognized by their fruit--a round nut set in a woody cup. Native Americans and New England pioneers boiled and ate the nuts of the white oak. Squirrels and some birds store them for winter food. Oaks grow widely throughout the mild temperature zone of the Northern Hemisphere. A few species grow at high altitudes in the tropics. * Northern Hemisphere: ºÏ¹Ý±¸ ¨ç ÃÖ´ëÇÑ 100ÇÇÆ®±îÁö ÀÚ¶ö ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¨è ÀÙÀÇ Å׵θ®°¡ ¸ðµÎ ¸Å²ô·´´Ù. ¨é µÕ±Ù ÇüÅÂÀÇ ¿­¸Å¸¦ ¸Î´Â´Ù. ¨ê ¿­¸Å´Â ½Ä¿ëÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¨ë ¿­´ë Áö¿ª¿¡ ³Î¸® ºÐÆ÷ÇÑ´Ù. 176ÂÊ Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 147ÂÊ 40. 3-002-386 (2008Çг⵵ 6¿ù ¸ðÆò 39¹ø) Maria Edgeworth¿¡ °üÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀº? Maria Edgeworth was born in Oxfordshire in 1767. On her father's second marriage in 1773, she went with him to Ireland. Her father employed her in keeping accounts and in dealing with tenants. She also acquired a familiarity with fashionable people and with poor Irish farmers, all of which was to be of use in her novels. Her father made her a confidential friend, and he also became her literary adviser. Much of her early writing was for children, and it was not until 1800 that she appeared as a novelist for adult readers with the publication of Castle Rackrent. Its detailed description of Irish characters made the book an instant success. After the publication of the book, she became one of Ireland's major female writers. * tenant: ¼ÒÀÛÀÎ ¨ç 1767³â¿¡ Oxfordshire¿¡¼­ ž´Ù. ¨è ¾Æ¹öÁö´Â Ä£±¸ÀÌÀÚ ¹®ÇÐÀû Á¶¾ðÀÚ¿´´Ù. ¨é Ãʱâ ÀÛÇ°Àº ÁÖ·Î ¾î¸°À̸¦ À§ÇÑ °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ¨ê Castle Rackrent°¡ ±×³àÀÇ Ã¹ ÀÛÇ°À̾ú´Ù. ¨ë ¾ÆÀÏ·£µåÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä ¿©·ù ÀÛ°¡ Áß ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ^[Á¤´ä°ú Çؼ³ 2ÂÊ ^[Á¤´ä ÇÑ´«¿¡ º¸±â º»¹® 5~14ÂÊ 01°­ ÁöĪ Ãß·Ð 01. ¨ê 02. ¨ç 03. ¨è 04. ¨é 05. ¨ê 06. ¨ç 07. ¨é 08. ¨ë 09. ¨ê 10. ¨è 11. ¨ç 12. ¨ë 13. ¨ê 14. ¨ç 15. ¨ê 16. ¨ç 17. ¨ê 18. ¨ç 19. ¨ê 20. ¨ç 21. ¨ê 22. ¨ë 23. ¨è 24. ¨ç 25. ¨è 26. ¨ç 27. ¨è 28. ¨ç 29. ¨ë 30. ¨ë 31. ¨é º»¹® 16~30ÂÊ 02°­ ¾î¹ý 1. ¨ê 2. ¨è 3. ¨è 4. ¨é 5. ¨ë 6. ¨è 7. ¨ë 8. ¨ê 9. ¨è 10. ¨é 11. ¨é 12. ¨ë 13. ¨ê 14. ¨ë 15. ¨ê 16. ¨ç 17. ¨ç 18. ¨ë 19. ¨ç 20. ¨ë 21. ¨ê 22. ¨é 23. ¨ë 24. ¨è 25. ¨é 26. ¨é 27. ¨ç 28. ¨é 29. ¨é 30. ¨ê 31. ¨ê 32. ¨é 33. ¨è 34. ¨ê 35. ¨é 36. ¨ë 37. ¨è 38. ¨ë 39. ¨è 40. ¨ë 41. ¨ç 42. ¨è 43. ¨è 44. ¨ê º»¹® 32~58ÂÊ 03°­ ºóÄ­ Ãß·Ð ©ç 1. ¨é 2. ¨ç 3. ¨è 4. ¨ç 5. ¨ê 6. ¨é 7. ¨é 8. ¨ë 9. ¨é 10. ¨ç 11. ¨è 12. ¨é 13. ¨ë 14. ¨è 15. ¨ê 16. ¨ç 17. ¨é 18. ¨ê 19. ¨é 20. ¨ê 21. ¨è 22. ¨ç 23. ¨ç 24. ¨é 25. ¨ç 26. ¨ç 27. ¨é 28. ¨ë 29. ¨è 30. ¨é 31. ¨è 32. ¨ç 33. ¨ç 34. ¨é 35. ¨è 36. ¨ë 37. ¨é 38. ¨é 39. ¨ë 40. ¨ç 41. ¨ç 42. ¨è 43. ¨è 44. ¨è 45. ¨é 46. ¨ê 47. ¨è 48. ¨ç 49. ¨é 50. ¨é 51. ¨ë 52. ¨ë 53. ¨ç 54. ¨ê 55. ¨ë 56. ¨é 57. ¨è 58. ¨ç 59. ¨è 60. ¨ç 61. ¨ë 62. ¨ë 63. ¨ë 64. ¨ê º»¹® 60~89ÂÊ 04°­ ºóÄ­ Ãß·Ð ©è 1. ¨ç 2. ¨é 3. ¨ê 4. ¨ç 5. ¨ë 6. ¨ë 7. ¨ê 8. ¨è 9. ¨ç 10. ¨é 11. ¨ë 12. ¨è 13. ¨è 14. ¨ë 15. ¨è 16. ¨ê 17. ¨è 18. ¨é 19. ¨ç 20. ¨ê 21. ¨ë 22. ¨ë 23. ¨é 24. ¨ê 25. ¨è 26. ¨ê 27. ¨ç 28. ¨ç 29. ¨è 30. ¨é 31. ¨ë 32. ¨ç 33. ¨ë 34. ¨ç 35. ¨ç 36. ¨é 37. ¨ç 38. ¨é 39. ¨è 40. ¨ç 41. ¨è 42. ¨ç 43. ¨è 44. ¨ë 45. ¨é 46. ¨ë 47. ¨è 48. ¨ë 49. ¨ê 50. ¨ç 51. ¨é 52. ¨è 53. ¨ç 54. ¨ç 55. ¨ê 56. ¨ê 57. ¨é 58. ¨ç 59. ¨ë 60. ¨ç 61. ¨è 3ÂÊ º»¹® 91~98ÂÊ 05°­ ±ÛÀÇ ¸ñÀû 1. ¨ë 2. ¨ë 3. ¨è 4. ¨ç 5. ¨ç 6. ¨ç 7. ¨ç 8. ¨è 9. ¨ë 10. ¨ê 11. ¨è 12. ¨ç 13. ¨ë 14. ¨ç 15. ¨ê 16. ¨ç 17. ¨è 18. ¨ç 19. ¨ê 20. ¨é 21. ¨é 22. ¨è º»¹® 100~117ÂÊ 06°­ ½Ã°¢ÀÚ·áÀÇ È°¿ë 1. ¨ë 2. ¨é 3. ¨ë 4. ¨ê 5. ¨é 6. ¨ë 7. ¨é 8. ¨ê 9. ¨ë 10. ¨ë 11. ¨ê 12. ¨ë 13. ¨ê 14. ¨é 15. ¨ê 16. ¨ê 17. ¨ê 18. ¨ë 19. ¨ë 20. ¨ê 21. ¨ë 22. ¨ë 23. ¨ë 24. ¨é 25. ¨ê 26. ¨ê 27. ¨ë 28. ¨ë 29. ¨è 30. ¨é 31. ¨é 32. ¨ê 33. ¨ê 34. ¨ë 35. ¨é º»¹® 119~126ÂÊ 07°­ ¹«°üÇÑ ¹®Àå ã±â 1. ¨ê 2. ¨ê 3. ¨é 4. ¨ê 5. ¨è 6. ¨ë 7. ¨é 8. ¨é 9. ¨ê 10. ¨é 11. ¨è 12. ¨ê 13. ¨ê 14. ¨ê 15. ¨ê 16. ¨é 17. ¨ê 18. ¨è 19. ¨ê 20. ¨é 21. ¨é 22. ¨é 23. ¨ê º»¹® 128~138ÂÊ 08°­ ¿¬°á»ç Ãß·Ð 1. ¨è 2. ¨è 3. ¨ç 4. ¨é 5. ¨è 6. ¨é 7. ¨é 8. ¨è 9. ¨ç 10. ¨ê 11. ¨ë 12. ¨ç 13. ¨ç 14. ¨ç 15. ¨é 16. ¨ç 17. ¨è 18. ¨è 19. ¨è 20. ¨é 21. ¨é 22. ¨ç 23. ¨ê 24. ¨ç 25. ¨è º»¹® 140~157ÂÊ 09°­ ¾îÈÖ Ãß·Ð 1. ¨é 2. ¨ê 3. ¨ç 4. ¨ç 5. ¨é 6. ¨é 7. ¨è 8. ¨ë 9. ¨è 10. ¨é 11. ¨ë 12. ¨ê 13. ¨ç 14. ¨è 15. ¨ê 16. ¨é 17. ¨ë 18. ¨è 19. ¨ë 20. ¨è 21. ¨è 22. ¨ê 23. ¨è 24. ¨ë 25. ¨é 26. ¨é 27. ¨é 28. ¨ç 29. ¨è 30. ¨è 31. ¨ë 32. ¨è 33. ¨è 34. ¨è 35. ¨è 36. ¨ç 37. ¨ê 38. ¨ê 39. ¨é 40. ¨ç 41. ¨é º»¹® 159~176ÂÊ 10°­ ³»¿ë ÀÏÄ¡¡¤ºÒÀÏÄ¡ 1. ¨ë 2. ¨ë 3. ¨è 4. ¨é 5. ¨ê 6. ¨ë 7. ¨ê 8. ¨é 9. ¨ê 10. ¨ê 11. ¨ê 12. ¨ê 13. ¨ê 14. ¨ê 15. ¨ê 16. ¨é 17. ¨ê 18. ¨ë 19. ¨ë 20. ¨ê 21. ¨ë 22. ¨ë 23. ¨ë 24. ¨ê 25. ¨ë 26. ¨ë 27. ¨ë 28. ¨ë 29. ¨ê 30. ¨é 31. ¨é 32. ¨ë 33. ¨é 34. ¨ë 35. ¨ë 36. ¨ê 37. ¨ë 38. ¨è 39. ¨é 40. ¨ê 4ÂÊ Answers & Explanations ^[01°­ ÁöĪ Ãß·Ð º»¹® 5~14ÂÊ 01. ¨ê 02. ¨ç 03. ¨è 04. ¨é 05. ¨ê 06. ¨ç 07. ¨é 08. ¨ë 09. ¨ê 10. ¨è 11. ¨ç 12. ¨ë 13. ¨ê 14. ¨ç 15. ¨ê 16. ¨ç 17. ¨ê 18. ¨ç 19. ¨ê 20. ¨ç 21. ¨ê 22. ¨ë 23. ¨è 24. ¨ç 25. ¨è 26. ¨ç 27. ¨è 28. ¨ç 29. ¨ë 30. ¨ë 31. ¨é 1. Çؼ®: ³» Ä£±¸ ÇÑ ¸íÀº ±×³à°¡ ´º¿åÀ¸·Î °¡´Â ºñÇà±â¸¦ Ÿ±â À§ÇØ ±â´Ù¸®´Â µ¿¾È ÀâÁöÃ¥À» ÀÐÀ¸¸é¼­ ¸¶ÀÌ¾Ö¹Ì °øÇ׿¡ ¾É¾Æ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×³à´Â ¸ÅÇ¥¼Ò¿¡¼­ ¹ú¾îÁö°í ÀÖ´Â °ÅÄ¥°í ½Ã²ô·¯¿î ´ÙÅù¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÁÖÀÇ°¡ »ê¸¸ÇØÁ³´Ù. ¡°ÇÏÁö¸¸ ³ª´Â ¿À´Ã ´º¿å¿¡ °¡¾ß¸¸ ÇØ¿ä!¡±¶ó°í _ÇÑ ¼º³­ ¿©ÀÚ°¡_ ÈïºÐÇÏ¿© Á÷¿ø¿¡°Ô ¸»Çß´Ù. ¡°¹Ì¾ÈÇÕ´Ï´Ù¸¸, ºÎÀÎ, ´õ ÀÌ»ó ÀÌ¿ë °¡´ÉÇÑ Á¼®ÀÌ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù,¡±¶ó´Â ´äº¯ÀÌ µ¹¾Æ¿Ô´Ù. ±×³à´Â ¡°±×·¸Áö¸¸ Á¦ ¿©´ü »ì µþ¾ÆÀÌ°¡ ±× ºñÇà±â¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¿ä. Àú´Â ±× ¾ÆÀÌ È¦·Î ´º¿å ½Ã¿¡ ³¯¾Æ°¡µµ·Ï ³»¹ö·Á µÑ ¼ö´Â ¾ø¾î¿ä.¡±¶ó°í ¿ÜÃÆ´Ù. ¡°Á˼ÛÇÕ´Ï´Ù, ºÎÀÎ. ºñÇà±â Á¼®ÀÌ ´Ù á½À´Ï´Ù.¡±¶ó´Â °°Àº ´äº¯ÀÌ µ¹¾Æ¿Ô´Ù. ³» Ä£±¸´Â ±×³àÀÇ °¡·ÃÇÑ À̾߱⸦ º¸°í µè°í ÀÖ¾ú±â¿¡, ±×³à´Â _±× ±«·Î¿öÇÏ´Â ¾ö¸¶_¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µ¿Á¤ÇÏ´Â ¸¶À½ÀÌ »ý°å´Ù. ±×³à´Â ¸ÅÇ¥¼Ò Á÷¿ø¿¡°Ô °¡¼­, ÀڱⰡ ³ªÁß¿¡ ºñÇà±â¸¦ Ÿ´Â °ÍÀÌ ±× ¿©ÀÚ°¡ ±×³àÀÇ µþ°ú ÇÔ²² ´º¿åÀ¸·Î °¡±â À§ÇØ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Ç¥¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù¸é, ±×·¸°Ô ÇÏ°Ú´Ù°í Á¦ÀÇÇß´Ù. Á÷¿øÀº ³» Ä£±¸ÀÇ ÇØ°áÃ¥À» ±â²¨ÀÌ ¹Þ¾Æµé¿© ¼­µÑ·¯ °»½ÅµÈ (ºñÇà±â) Ç¥¸¦ _±× ¿©ÀÚ_¿¡°Ô ¹ß±ÞÇØ ÁÖ¾ú°í, ±×¸®°í´Â ³» Ä£±¸¸¦ À§ÇØ ´Ù¸¥ ºñÇà±â ÆíÀ» ¸¶·ÃÇØ ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¨ç, ¨è, ¨é, ¨ë ´Â µþ¾ÆÀÌ¿Í ÇÔ²² ´º¿å ½Ã·Î °¥ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ºñÇà±â Ç¥¸¦ ¾òÁö ¸øÇØ ±«·Î¿öÇÏ´Â ¿©ÀÚ¸¦ °¡¸®Å°Áö¸¸, ¨ê ´Â ÇÊÀÚÀÇ Ä£±¸¸¦ °¡¸®Å²´Ù. (±¸¹®) She walked over to the ticket agent and offered to take a later flight, if _it_ meant the woman could use her ticket _to travel_ to New York with her daughter.: itÀº ³»¿ë»ó ¡®±×³à(ÇÊÀÚÀÇ Ä£±¸)°¡ ³ªÁß¿¡ ºñÇà±â¸¦ Ÿ´Â °Í¡¯À» °¡¸®Å²´Ù. to travel ¡¦ daughterÀº ¸ñÀûÀ» ÀǹÌÇÏ´Â toºÎÁ¤»ç±¸ÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * distract: (Á¤½ÅÀÌ) ÁýÁßÀÌ ¾È µÇ°Ô ÇÏ´Ù, (ÁÖÀǸ¦) µý µ¥·Î µ¹¸®´Ù * hotly: ¸Í·ÄÈ÷, ¶ß°Ì°Ô * woeful: °¡·ÃÇÑ, ¸÷½Ã ½½Ç * compassion: µ¿Á¤½É, ¿¬¹Î * distressed: ±«·Î¿öÇÏ´Â * revalidate: (Áõ¸í µîÀ») °»½ÅÇÏ´Ù, ÀçÇã°¡ÇÏ´Ù, ÀçÈ®ÀÎÇÏ´Ù * arrange: ¸¶·ÃÇÏ´Ù 2. Çؼ®: ¿ÃÇØ ÃÊ¿¡ ¾î¸Ó´Ï°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÁýÀ» ÆÈ ¶§, ³ª´Â ¿ì¸®°¡ ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ ÀÏÀ» ¶°¿Ã·È´Ù. ¾Æ¹öÁöÀÇ Çã¾àÇÑ °Ç°­ »óÅ ¶§¹®¿¡, ºÎ¸ð´ÔÀº ¾ð´Ï¿Í _±×³à_ÀÇ °¡Á·µé°ú ÇÔ²² »ì±â À§ÇØ Florida¿¡¼­ Maryland·Î ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ ÀÌÁÖÇß´Ù. ¾î¸Ó´ÏÀÇ ¿äû¿¡ ÀÇÇØ, ³ªÀÇ ³²ÀÚ ÇüÁ¦µé°ú ¿©ÀÚ ÇüÁ¦µé, ±×¸®°í ³ª´Â _±×³à_ÀÇ ¸ðµç ¹°°ÇµéÀ» ºÐ·ùÇß´Ù. _±×³à_´Â ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ¸¾¿¡ µå´Â °ÍÀº ¾î¶² °ÍÀÌµç °®°Å³ª ¹ö¸®°í ½ÍÀ¸¸é ¾î¶² °ÍÀÌ¶óµµ ¹ö¸®¶ó°í ¸»Çß´Ù. ½º½º·Î¸¦ À§ÇØ ³ª´Â ÀÚ±â Çϳª¸¸À» °¡Á³´Âµ¥, (±×°ÍÀº) ÇҾƹöÁö°¡ _±×³à_ÀÇ °áÈ¥À» À§ÇØ ¾î¸Ó´Ï¿¡°Ô »ç ÁØ ¼¼Æ®¿¡¼­ °ÅÀÇ ³²Áö ¾ÊÀº Á¢½Ã ÁßÀÇ Çϳª¿´´Ù. ³ª´Â ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ´õ ÁÁ¾Ò´ø ½ÃÀýÀÇ ±× Á¢½Ã ¼¼Æ®¸¦ ±â¾ïÇÒ ¼ö Àִµ¥, (±×°ÍÀº) ¾î´À ÀÏ¿äÀÏ ¿ÀÈÄ¿¡ ¸¹Àº ¼Õ´ÔµéÀÇ ½ÃÁßÀ» µé¾ú´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±× Á¢½Ã¿Í ÇÔ²² ÀÖ´ø Á¢½ÃµéÀº ¸ðµÎ ±úÁö°Å³ª »ç¶óÁ® ¹ö·È°í, ÀÌ Á¢½Ã°¡ ³»°¡ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â ÀüºÎÀÌ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ±úÁö±â ½±°í »öÀÌ Èñ¹ÌÇØÁ®¼­ ´õ ÀÌ»ó Á¢½Ã µÞ¸é¿¡ ÀμâµÈ ¹®¾ç À̸§À» ÀÐÀ» ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±×°ÍÀº _±×³àÀÇ_ ÈÄÇÑ Á¢´ë¸¦ ±âºÐ ÁÁ°Ô »ý°¢³ª°Ô ÇØ ÁÖ´Â ¹°°ÇÀ¸·Î¼­ ³» ½Ä´ç ¹æ¿¡ °É·Á ÀÖ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¨è, ¨é, ¨ê, ¨ë ´Â ÇÊÀÚÀÇ ¾î¸Ó´Ï¸¦ °¡¸®Å°Áö¸¸, ¨ç Àº ÇÊÀÚÀÇ ¾ð´Ï¸¦ °¡¸®Å²´Ù. (±¸¹®) For myself I kept a solitary piece of china, _one of the few remaining plates from the set my grandfather bought my mother for her wedding_.: a solitary piece of china¿Í one ¡¦ weddingÀº ÀÇ¹Ì»ó µ¿°ÝÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * remind: »ý°¢³ª°Ô ÇÏ´Ù * failing health Çã¾àÇÑ °Ç°­ »óÅ * sort through: ºÐ·ùÇÏ´Ù, ÀÚ¼¼È÷ »ìÆ캸´Ù * belongings: ¼ÒÀ¯¹°, Àç»ê * solitary: ´Ü ÇϳªÀÇ * comrade: µ¿·á, µ¿¹« * delicate: ±úÁö±â ½¬¿î * reminder: »ý°¢³ª°Ô ÇÏ´Â °Í * hospitality: ÈÄ´ë, ȯ´ë 5ÂÊ ÀÌÁýÆ®ÀÇ ÇÐÀÚµé°ú °è¼Ó °øºÎÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¸¶Ä§³», _±×³à_´Â ¿©¼º ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¸Å¿ì Àû±ØÀûÀÎ È°µ¿À» ÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç ¿©¼º Àαǿ¡ ÃÊÁ¡À» ¸ÂÃá ¼±µµÀûÀÎ ½Ã¿Í ¼öÇÊÀ» ½è´Ù. _±×³à_ÀÇ ¼öÇÊ Áß °¡Àå À¯¸íÇÑ °ÍÀº 'The Zaynab Letters'¿´´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¨ç, ¨é, ¨ê, ¨ë ´Â Zaynab Fawwaz¸¦ °¡¸®Å°Áö¸¸, ¨è ´Â Zaynab FawwazÀÇ ¿©ÁÖÀÎÀ» °¡¸®Å²´Ù. (±¸¹®) _As (she was)_ a young girl she went to Alexandria with the Egyptian family for whom she worked.: Á¢¼Ó»ç As°¡ À̲ô´Â ºÎ»çÀý¿¡´Â '´ë¸í»ç ÁÖ¾î(she)+beµ¿»ç(was)'°¡ »ý·«µÇ¾ú´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * mistress: ¿©ÁÖÀÎ * intrigued: °ü½ÉÀ» °¡Áö´Â * literate: ÇнÄ(±³¾ç)ÀÌ ÀÖ´Â, ±ÛÀ» ÀÐ°í ¾µ ÁÙ ¾Æ´Â * arithmetic: »ê¼ö * pioneering: ¼±µµÀûÀÎ 4. Çؼ®: Sarah´Â °è¼Ó °É¾î°¡´Ù°¡ °á±¹Àº È£±â½É°ú Çã±â°¡ °áÇյǾî _±×³à_´Â ÇÑ Ç㸧ÇÑ ÆíÀÇÁ¡À¸·Î µé¾î°¡°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. _±×³à_´Â ÆíÀÇÁ¡ÀÇ À¯¸®¹®À» ¹Ð¾î ¿­¾úÀ» ¶§, ´Ù½Ã ÇÑ ¹ø Áö³­ °ú°Å ½ÃÀý·Î »¡·Á µé¾î°¡°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±× °÷¿¡ À¯ÀÏÇÏ°Ô ÀÖ¾ú´ø »ç¶÷ÀÎ ÆíÀÇÁ¡ ÁÖÀÎÀº ºû±òÀÌ ¹Ù·£ ¶óº¥´õ ¹«´ÌÀÇ µå·¹½º¸¦ ÀÔÀº ÁÖ¸§Áø ¾ó±¼ÀÇ ³ëÆÄ¿´´Ù. ±×³à´Â ¾Ö½á Sarah¿¡°Ô ÀλçÇÏ·Á°í Çϱâ´ÂÄ¿³ç, SarahÀÇ ¾î¸° ½ÃÀýÀ̾ú´õ¶ó¸é ³ª¿ÔÀ» ¹ýÇÑ ÆǸŴëÀÇ ÇÑ ´õ¹ÌÀÇ Á¦Ç°µéÀ» ¹Ù¶óº¸¸é¼­ _±×³à_ÀÇ ±â·ÂÀ» ¾Æ³¢·Á´Â µí °è¼Ó °¡¸¸È÷ ¾É¾Æ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ĵµð ¿·¿¡ ºñµüÇÏ°Ô ¼¼¿öÁ® ÀÖ´Â °¡°ÝÇ¥ ¸ñ·ÏÀº _±×³à_°¡ °ú´ÙÇÏ°Ô ¼³ÅÁÀ» ³ÖÀº ÇÏ¾á »§ ÇÑ µ¢ÀÌÀÇ Àý¹ÝÀ» »ç°Å³ª, ¿øÇÑ´Ù¸é, ¾ó¸° ¿ÏµÎÄá ÇÑ ¼ù°¡¶ôÀÇ ¾çÀ» »ì ¼ö ÀÖÀ½À» ±×³à¿¡°Ô ¸»ÇØ ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ¿©±â¿¡ Sarah°¡ ¸Ô°í ½ÍÀº °ÍÀº ÀüÇô ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ±×³à´Â ±× ³ëÆÄ¿¡°Ô °í°³ ¼÷¿© ÀλçÇßÁö¸¸, ±× ³ëÆÄ´Â _±×³à_¿¡°Ô ¶Ç ´Ù½Ã ¾Æ´Â ôµµ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò°í, ±×³à´Â ±× »óÁ¡¿¡¼­ ³ª¿Ô´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¨ç, ¨è, ¨ê, ¨ë ´Â Sarah¸¦ °¡¸®Å°Áö¸¸, ¨é Àº ¹®ÀåÀÇ ÁÖ¾îÀÎ SheÀ̸ç, È帧»ó ÀÌÀü ¹®Àå¿¡ ¾ð±ÞµÈ The storekeeper¸¦ °¡¸®Å²´Ù. (±¸¹®) A price list _stuck_ up crooked beside the candy _told_ her she could buy half a loaf of oversweetened white bread, if she wanted, or a scoop of frozen peas.: stuckÀº °ú°ÅºÐ»ç·Î ¾ÕÀÇ ¸í»ç±¸ A price list¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÁÖ¾î A price listÀÇ µ¿»ç´Â toldÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * combination: °áÇÕ, Á¶ÇÕ * convenience: store ÆíÀÇÁ¡ * storekeeper: °¡°Ô ÁÖÀÎ * occupant: Á¡À¯ÀÚ, °ÅÁÖÀÚ * wrinkled: ÁÖ¸§»ìÀÌ ÀÖ´Â * faded: (»öÀÌ) ¹Ù·£ * conserve: ¾Æ³¢´Ù * stick up: À§·Î ³»¹Ð´Ù * crooked: ºñµüÇÑ, ºñ¶Ô¾îÁø * oversweeten: ¼³ÅÁ(°¨¹Ì·á)À» °ú´ÙÇÏ°Ô Ã·°¡ÇÏ´Ù * acknowledge: ¾ËÀºÃ´ÇÏ´Ù, ¾È´Ù´Â Ç¥½Ã¸¦ º¸ÀÌ´Ù 5. Çؼ®: Ellen Langer´Â ¾î¸Ó´Ï¿¡°Ô¼­ °í±â ±¸À̸¦ ÁغñÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¹è¿ü´Ù. ¾î·ÈÀ» ¶§ _±×³à_´Â ¾î¸Ó´Ï°¡ °í±â¸¦ ±¸ÀÌ¿ë ÆÒ¿¡ ³Ö±â Àü¿¡ ÇÑÂÊ ³¡À» Á¶±Ý À߶󳻴 °ÍÀ» ÁöÄѺ¸°ï Çß´Ù. ¾î¸¥ÀÌ µÇ¾î¼­ _±×³à_´Â ±×¿Í ¶È°°Àº ÀÏÀ» ´Ã µû¶óÇß´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¾î´À ³¯ _±×³à_¿¡°Ô Áú¹®ÀÌ Çϳª ¶°¿Ã¶ú´Ù. ±×³à´Â ¿Ö °í±âÀÇ ÇÑÂÊ ³¡À» Àß¶ó³»¾ß Çߴ°¡? ±×³à°¡ ¾î¸Ó´Ï¿¡°Ô ¹¯ÀÚ, ¾î¸Ó´Ï´Â ±×Àú Àڱ⠾î¸Ó´Ï·ÎºÎÅÍ ±×·¸°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¹è¿ü´Ù°í ¸»ÇÒ »ÓÀ̾ú´Ù. Langer´Â ±× ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ÇҸӴϲ² ¹°¾ú´Ù. ÇÒ¸Ó´Ï´Â ÀڱⰡ ÀþÀº ¾î¸Ó´Ï¿´À» ¶§ _ÀÚ½Å_ÀÌ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´ø À¯ÀÏÇÑ ±¸ÀÌ¿ë ÆÒÀÌ º¸ÅëÀÇ ±¸ÀÌ ¿ä¸®¸¦ Çϱ⿡´Â ³Ê¹« ª¾Æ¼­ ÆÒ¿¡ µé¾î°¡°Ô ÇÏ·Á¸é °í±â¸¦ Á¶±Ý Àß¶ó³¾ ¼ö¹Û¿¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù°í ¼³¸íÇß´Ù. ±×³à´Â ¿À·¡ Àü¿¡ ´õ Å« Å©±âÀÇ ±¸ÀÌ¿ë ÆÒµéÀ» »òÀ¸¸ç, ±× Èķδ ÇÑÂÊ ³¡À» ÀÚ¸£Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¼ö³â °£ Langer¿Í _±×³à_ÀÇ ¾î¸Ó´Ï´Â »ý°¢ ¾øÀÌ ÀÌ ÀÏÀ» ´Ã µû¶óÇß´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¨ç, ¨è, ¨é, ¨ë ´Â Ellen Langer¸¦ °¡¸®Å°Áö¸¸, ¨ê ´Â Ellen LangerÀÇ ÇҸӴϸ¦ °¡¸®Å²´Ù. (±¸¹®) She _¡¯d_ long since _gotten_ roasting pans in larger sizes and _hadn't cut_ an end off since.: She¡¯d ¡¦ gotten°ú hadn't cutÀº ¸ðµÎ °ú°Å¿Ï·á·Î, °ú°ÅÀÇ ¾î´À ½ÃÁ¡±îÁö °è¼ÓµÈ µ¿ÀÛÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * roast: ±¸¿î °í±â, ±¸ÀÌ ¿ä¸® * routine: ÆÇ¿¡ ¹ÚÈù ÀÏ, ÀÏ»óÀÇ °úÁ¤, Ʋ(±ÔÄ¢ÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÏ´Â ÀÏÀÇ Åë»óÀûÀÎ ¼ø¼­¿Í ¹æ¹ý) * long since: ¿À·¡ Àü¿¡ * mindlessly: »ý°¢ ¾øÀÌ, ºÐº° ¾øÀÌ, ¾î¸®¼®°Ô 6. Çؼ®: ¿¾³¯¿¡ ¾î¶² ¿ÕÀÌ °¶¸®¼±¿¡ ¿Ã¶óÅÀ´Ù. ³ë¿¹µé·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø ¼±¿øµéÀÇ ¹«¸®¸¦ Áö³ª°¡´Ù°¡, _±×_´Â ±×µé Áß ¸î ¸í¿¡°Ô ±×µéÀÇ ÁË°¡ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö ¹°¾ú´Ù. °ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷Àº ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¹«Á˶ó°í ÁÖÀåÇß´Ù. ±×µéÀº ´Ù¸¥ ´©±º°¡¿¡°Ô Ã¥ÀÓÀ» Àü°¡Çß´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ÇÑ ÀþÀºÀÌ´Â Å« ¼Ò¸®·Î ¸»Çß´Ù. ¡°ÆóÇÏ, _Àú_´Â ¿©±â¿¡ ÀÖ¾î ¸¶¶¥ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Àú´Â ¾à°£ÀÇ µ·À» ÈÉÃƽÀ´Ï´Ù. Àú¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°í´Â ´©±¸ÀÇ À߸øµµ ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù. Àú´Â À¯ÁËÀÔ´Ï´Ù.¡± ÀÌ ¸»À» µèÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ, ¿ÕÀº _±×_ÀÇ ¾î±ú¸¦ ºÙÀâ°í ¼Ò¸®ÃÆ´Ù. ¡°ÀÌ ³ª»Û ³ð! ¿©±â¼­ ÀÌ Á¤Á÷ÇÑ »ç¶÷µé°ú ÇÔ²² _³Ê_´Â ¹«¾ó ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´À³Ä? ±×µé°ú ÇÔ²² ÀÖÁö ¸»°í Áï½Ã ³ª°¡°Å¶ó!¡± ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© ±×´Â ¼®¹æµÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ Á˼ö°¡ ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ ¾òÀº ºñ°áÀº _±×_ÀÇ Á˸¦ ÀÎÁ¤ÇÑ °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. 6ÂÊ ¨è, ¨é, ¨ê, ¨ë ´Â ³ë¿¹ Áß¿¡ ÀÖ´ø ÀþÀºÀ̸¦ °¡¸®Å°Áö¸¸, ¨ç Àº ¿ÕÀ» °¡¸®Å²´Ù. (±¸¹®) _As_ he passed the crew of slaves, he asked several of them _what_ their offenses were.: As´Â ½Ã°£À» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ÀýÀ» À̲ô´Â Á¢¼Ó»ç·Î ¡®~ÇÒ ¶§¡¯ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀÌ°í, what ¡¦ were´Â askedÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î·Î ¾²ÀÎ Àǹ®»çÀýÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * crew: ¼±¿ø * offense: ÁË, À§¹Ý * innocent: ÁË°¡ ¾ø´Â * lay[put, place] the blame on: ~¿¡°Ô Á˸¦ ¾º¿ì´Ù * at fault: ÁË(Ã¥ÀÓ)°¡ ÀÖ¾î, À߸øÇÏ¿© * seize: Àâ´Ù * scoundrel: (ºñ¿­ÇÑ) ¾Ç´ç * set ¡¦ free: ~¸¦ ¼®¹æÇÏ´Ù * admission: ÀÎÁ¤ 7. Çؼ®: ¾Ó¸® ¸¶Æ¼½º´Â ´Ê°Ô ±×¸²¿¡ ÀÔ¹®Çߴµ¥, ±×ÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö¸¦ ±â»Ú°Ô ÇÏ·Á°í º¯È£»ç°¡ µÇ±â À§ÇÑ ¼ö·ÃÀ» Ç߱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×°¡ ¼ö¼ú¿¡¼­ ȸº¹ÇÏ¸ç º´¿ø¿¡ ÀÖÀ» ¶§, ±×ÀÇ ¾î¸Ó´Ï°¡ _±×¿¡°Ô_ ¹°°¨ ÇÑ »óÀÚ¿Í ÀÔ¹®¼­ ÇÑ ±ÇÀ» °¡Á®´ÙÁÖ¾ú´Âµ¥, ÀÌ·Î½á ¼¼»óÀº ÇÑ ¸íÀÇ º¯È£»ç¸¦ ÀÒ°í ÇÑ ¸íÀÇ È­°¡¸¦ ¾ò¾ú´Ù. ¡°¸¶Ä¡ _Á¦°¡_ ºÎ¸§À» ¹ÞÀº °Í °°¾ÒÁö¿ä.¡±¶ó°í ±×´Â ȸ°íÇß´Ù. ¡°ÀÌÈÄ·Î ³ª´Â ³» »îÀ» À̲øÁö ¾Ê¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. »îÀÌ ³ª¸¦ À̲ø¾úÁö¿ä.¡± ¸¶Æ¼½º´Â ¹Ì¼úÀ» °øºÎÇÏ·Á°í Æĸ®·Î ¶°³µ°í, ±× ¶§ ±×ÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö´Â ¡°³Í ³×°¡ ±¾¾î Á×´Â ²ÃÀ» _³»°¡_ º¸±â¸¦ ¿øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̳Ä?¡±¶ó°í ¼Ò¸®ÃÆ´Ù. ±×´Â ¾ß¼öÆÄ È­°¡µéÀÇ 1905³â Àü½ÃȸÀÇ ¸®´õ·Î¼­ ¸í¼ºÀ» ¾ò¾ú´Ù. 1917³â¿¡ ¸¶Æ¼½º´Â Vence¿¡¼­ °Ü¿ïÀ» º¸³»±â ½ÃÀÛÇß°í, ±× °÷¿¡¼­ ±×´Â _ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ_ Á÷Á¢ ¼³°èÇÑ À¯·´¿¡¼­ °¡Àå °¨µ¿À» ÁÖ´Â Á¾±³ °ÇÃ๰ Áß ÇϳªÀÎ ¿¹¹è´çÀ» Çϳª ±âÁõÇß´Ù. 1940³â´ë¿¡ ±× Áö¿ªÀÇ ¼ö³àµéÀÌ Áߺ´¿¡ °É¸° _±×¸¦_ °£È£ÇØ ÁØ ÀÌÈÄ¿¡, ÀÌ¿¡ °¨»çÇß´ø ¸¶Æ¼½º´Â ±× ¿¹¹è´çÀÇ ¸ðµç ¼¼¼¼ÇÑ ÀϵéÀ» Çå½ÅÀûÀ¸·Î ì°å´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¨ç, ¨è, ¨ê, ¨ë ´Â ¸¶Æ¼½º¸¦ °¡¸®Å°Áö¸¸, ¨é Àº ¸¶Æ¼½ºÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö¸¦ °¡¸®Å²´Ù. (±¸¹®) * Henri Matisse came late to painting, _having trained_ to be a lawyer to please his father.: having trained´Â ºÐ»ç±¸¹®À̸ç, ÁÖÀýÀÇ ÁÖ¾îÀÎ Henri Matisse¸¦ Àǹ̻óÀÇ ÁÖ¾î·Î »ï°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¹®¸Æ»ó ÀÌÀ¯ÀÇ ¶æÀ¸·Î Çؼ®ÇÒ ¼ö Àִµ¥, ÁÖÀý¿¡¼­ Ç¥ÇöÇÏ´Â ½ÃÁ¡º¸´Ù ¸ÕÀú ÀϾ ÀÏÀ» Ç¥ÇöÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¿Ï·áÇüÀÎ having trained·Î ¾²°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ÀýÀÇ ÇüÅ·ΠÀüȯÇϸé because(as) he had trainedÀÌ´Ù. * In 1917 Matisse began to spend winters in Vence, _where_ he donated a chapel of his own design _that_ is one of the most moving religious buildings in Europe.: °ü°èºÎ»ç where°¡ À̲ô´Â °ü°èÀý where ¡¦ in EuropeÀº ¼±Çà»ç Vence¸¦ º¸Ãæ ¼³¸íÇÏ°í ÀÖ°í, °ü°è´ë¸í»ç thatÀÌ À̲ô´Â °ü°èÀý that ¡¦ in EuropeÀº ¼±Çà»ç a chapelÀ» ¼ö½ÄÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * recover: ȸº¹ÇÏ´Ù * surgery: ¼ö¼ú * how-to book: ÀÔ¹®¼­ * attorney: º¯È£»ç * henceforth: ÀÌÈÄ·Î * donate: ±âºÎÇÏ´Ù * chapel: ¿¹¹è´ç * devote oneself to: ~¿¡ Çå½ÅÇÏ´Ù * detail: ¼¼¼¼ÇÑ ÀÏ, ¼¼ºÎ 8. Çؼ®: 2009³â 2¿ùÀÇ ¾î´À ³¯, Stephanie°¡ _±×³àÀÇ °¡Àå Ä£ÇÑ Ä£±¸_ÀÎ Betty¿¡°Ô ÀüÈ­¸¦ Çߴµ¥, ±×³à´Â StephanieÀÇ »ç¾÷üÀÎ Best WeddingÀÇ À¯ÀÏÇÑ Á÷¿øÀ̾ú´Ù. ´Ù½Ã ÇÑ ¹ø ±×µéÀº ȸ»çÀÇ ÁöÃâ°ú ÁÙ¾îµå´Â ¼öÀÍ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÀdzíÇß´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ À̹ø¿¡ Stephanie´Â ±×³à°¡ ¹«¾ùÀ» ÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´ÂÁö¸¦ ¾Ë¾Ò´Ù. ±×³à´Â ¿ë±â¸¦ ²ø¾î ¸ð¾Æ _±×³àÀÇ Ä£±¸ÀÌÀÚ µ¿·á_¿¡°Ô ¸»Çß´Ù. ¡°³­ ÀÌ ÀÏÀ» ¼º°ø½ÃÄÑ¾ß ÇØ. _³Ê_¸¦ ³õ¾Æ ÁÖ¾î¾ß°Ú¾î.¡± Betty´Â ¸¶À½ÀÌ ¾ÆÆÍÁö¸¸ Ưº°È÷ ³î¶óÁö´Â ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦ÀûÀÎ ¹æ½Ä¿¡¼­ ±× µÎ ¿©¼ºÀº Çì¾îÁö´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ã±â ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. Betty´Â ±×³à¸¸ÀÇ À̺¥Æ® ±âȹ »ç¾÷À» ½ÃÀÛÇÏ°í ½Í´Ù°í ¸»Çß°í, Stephanie´Â _±×³à_°¡ ±×³àÀÇ ÇöÀçÀÇ °í°´µé, ¾à°£ÀÇ »çÁø ÃÔ¿µ±â¹ý, ±×¸®°í ±×µéÀÌ ÇÔ²² Áøô½ÃŲ ¼­·ù¿Í ¾ç½ÄÀ» À¯ÁöÇϵµ·Ï ÇØÁÖ´Â °Í¿¡ µ¿ÀÇÇß´Ù. _±×³à_´Â ¶ÇÇÑ Betty¿¡°Ô µÎ ´Þ ºÐÀÇ ±Þ¿©¸¦ ÇØÁ÷ ¼ö´çÀ¸·Î ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¨ç, ¨è, ¨é, ¨ê ´Â ¸ðµÎ Betty¸¦ °¡¸®Å°Áö¸¸, ¨ë ´Â Stephanie¸¦ °¡¸®Å²´Ù. (±¸¹®) One day in February 2009, Stephanie called Betty, _her best friend_, who was the only employee of her business Best Wedding.: ÄÞ¸¶ µÚÀÇ her best friend´Â ¾Õ¿¡ ³ª¿Â Betty¿Í µ¿°ÝÀ» ÀÌ·ç°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * dwindling: ÁÙ¾îµå´Â * revenue: ¼Òµæ, ¼öÀÍ * colleague: µ¿·á * businesslike: »ç¹«ÀûÀÎ, ½ÇÁ¦ÀûÀÎ * fashion: ¹æ½Ä * figure out: ~À» »ý°¢ÇØ ³»´Ù * disengage: ¶³¾îÁö´Ù, °ü°è¸¦ ²÷´Ù * document: ¼­·ù 9. Çؼ®: ¾ÆÀÌ ¹æÀÇ ºÒÀ» ÄÑ°í¼­, EvelynÀº ¾î¸° µþ Julie°¡ ¾ÈÀýºÎÀý ¸øÇÏ°Ô µÚÄ¡¶ô°Å¸®¸é¼­ ÀÌ»óÇÑ ÀÛÀº ¿ïÀ½¼Ò¸®¸¦ ³»´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾Ò´Ù. _±×³à´Â_ Àڱ⠼ÕÀ» JulieÀÇ »´¿¡ °®´Ù ´ò´Ù. µÎ »´Àº ºÒŸ´Â µíÇß´Ù. Äï ¼Ò¸®¸¦ Áö¸£¸ç ±×³à´Â ÀÌºÒ ¹ØÀ¸·Î _ÀÚ±â_ ¾Æ±âÀÇ ÆÈÀ» µû¶ó ³»·Á°¡´Ù°¡ ¸¶Ä§³» ±×³àÀÇ ÀÛÀº ¼Õ¿¡ À̸£·¶´Ù. ¼Õ¸ñ ÂÊÀ¸·Î ¾öÁö¼Õ°¡¶ô Àüü°¡ ºÎ¾î ÀÖ¾ú°í, °¡¿îµ¥ »õ»¡°³Áø ÀÛÀº »óó°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. _±×³à_´Â ÀüÈ­±â·Î ´Þ·Á°¬´Ù. °¡Á· ÁÖÄ¡ÀÇÀÎ Foulke ¹Ú»ç´Â ÇѹãÁß¿¡ ħ´ë¿¡¼­ ÀüÈ­¸¦ ¹Þ°í¼­ ´çȲÇØÇÏ´Â °Íó·³ µé·È´Ù. ±×³à´Â ¾ÆÀÌ ¹æÀ¸·Î ´Ù½Ã ´Þ·Á°¡ µþÀ» »ìÆìºÃ´Ù. 7ÂÊ Á» ´õ ¸é¹ÐÈ÷ »ìÆ캸°í ³ª¼­, ±×³à´Â _¾Æ±â_ÀÇ ¾öÁö¼Õ°¡¶ôÀÌ ¾î´À Á¤µµ ´õ ºÎ¾îÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾Ò´Ù. _±×³à_´Â ħ´ë ¿·¿¡¼­ ¹«¸­À» ²Ý°í¼­ JulieÀÇ ¸Ó¸®Ä«¶ôÀ» ¹Ýº¹Çؼ­ °¡Áö·±È÷ µÚ·Î ³Ñ±â±â ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¨ç, ¨è, ¨é, ¨ë ´Â JulieÀÇ ¾î¸Ó´ÏÀÎ EvelynÀ» °¡¸®Å°Áö¸¸, ¨ê ´Â Julie¸¦ °¡¸®Å²´Ù. (±¸¹®) _Taking a closer look_, she found her thumb to be somewhat more swollen.: Taking a closer lookÀº ½Ã°£À» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ºÐ»ç±¸¹®À¸·Î, As she took a closer lookÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²ã ¾µ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * nursery: ¾ÆÀÌ ¹æ * toss: µÚÄ¡¶ô°Å¸®´Ù * feverishly: ¾ÈÀýºÎÀý ¸øÇÏ°Ô * odd: ÀÌ»óÇÑ * exclamation: ¿ÜÄ¡´Â ¼Ò¸® * inflamed: (»õ)»¡°³Áø * sore: (»¡°²°Ô µÈ) »óó * physician: ÀÇ»ç * check on: ~À» È®ÀÎÇÏ´Ù(»ìÆ캸´Ù) * smooth: ¸Å¸¸Áö´Ù 10. Çؼ®: LantinÀº ±×ÀÇ ¾Æ³»°¡ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Â °Íµé Áß Çϳª¿´´ø ¸ñ°ÉÀÌ·Î °áÁ¤À» Çß´Ù. ±×ÀÇ »ý°¢¿¡ _±×°Í_Àº Àû¾îµµ 7ÇÁ¶ûÀ̳ª 8ÇÁ¶ûÀÇ °¡Ä¡´Â Ʋ¸²¾øÀÌ ÀÖ¾î º¸¿´´Âµ¥, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ¸ðÁ¶Ç°Ä¡°í´Â ¼¼°øÀÌ ¾ÆÁÖ ÈǸ¢Ç߱⠶§¹®À̾ú´Ù. ±×´Â ±×°ÍÀ» ÁÖ¸Ó´Ï¿¡ ³Ö°í ¹ÏÀ» ¸¸ÇÏ°Ô º¸ÀÌ´Â º¸¼®»óÀ» ã¾Æ ³ª¼¹´Ù. ¸¶Ä§³» ±×´Â _Çϳª_¸¦ ¹ß°ßÇß°í, ±×·¸°Ô °¡Ä¡°¡ ¾ø´Â °ÍÀ» ÆÄ´Â °Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾à°£ ºÎ²ô·¯¿öÇÏ¸ç ¾ÈÀ¸·Î µé¾î°¬´Ù. ¡°¼±»ý´Ô, Á˼ÛÇÏÁö¸¸ Àú¸¦ À§Çؼ­ _ÀÌ°Í_ÀÇ °¡Ä¡¸¦ ¾Ë¾ÆºÁ ÁÖ¼ÌÀ¸¸é ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.¡±¶ó°í ±×´Â ÆÇ¸Å»ó¿¡°Ô ¸»Çß´Ù. ±× »ç¶÷Àº _±× ¹°°Ç_À» °¡Á®°¡, ±×°ÍÀ» °Ë»çÇÏ°í, µÚÁý¾î º¸°í, ¹«°Ô¸¦ ´Þ°í, È®´ë°æÀ» Áý¾î µé°í¼­ ±×°ÍÀ» ´õ ¼¼¹ÐÈ÷ »ìÆ캸¾Ò´Ù. LantinÀº ÀÌ ¸ðµç ÀýÂ÷·Î ÀÎÇØ ¾à°£ ´çȲ½º·¯¿ö, ¸· ¡°º¸¼¼¿ä, Àú´Â ±×°ÍÀÌ °ª¾îÄ¡°¡ ÀüÇô ¾ø´Ù°í È®½ÅÇØ¿ä.¡±¶ó°í ¸»ÇÏ·Á°í ÇÏ´Â ¼ø°£, ±× º¸¼®»óÀÌ ´Ü¾ðÇß´Ù. ¡°¼±»ý´Ô, Á¦ »ý°¢À¸·Î´Â ±×°ÍÀÌ 12,000ÇÁ¶û¿¡¼­ 15,000ÇÁ¶û »çÀÌÀÇ °ª¾îÄ¡°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ±×°ÍÀÇ Á¤È®ÇÑ Ãâó¸¦ ¾ËÁö ¾Ê°í´Â _ÀÌ°Í_À» ´ç½ÅÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ±¸¸ÅÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.¡± (Çؼ³) ¨ç, ¨é, ¨ê, ¨ë ´Â ³²ÀÚ°¡ ÆÈ·Á°í Çß´ø ¾Æ³»ÀÇ ¸ñ°ÉÀ̸¦ °¡¸®Å°Áö¸¸, ¨è ´Â º¸¼®»óÀ» °¡¸®Å²´Ù. (±¸¹®) The man _took_ the article, _examined_ it, _turned_ it over, _weighed_ it, and _took up_ a magnifying glass _to look at_ it more closely.: ÁÖ¾î The manÀÇ µ¿»ç took, examined, turned, weighed, took upÀÌ ³ª¿­µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. to look atÀº ¸ñÀûÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ºÎ»çÀû ¿ë¹ýÀÇ toºÎÁ¤»çÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * imitation: ¸ðÁ¶Ç°, Èä³» * workmanship: ¼¼°ø, ¼Ø¾¾ * at length: µåµð¾î, ¸¶Ä§³» * article: ¹°Ç° * take up: µé¾î(Áý¾î)¿Ã¸®´Ù * magnifying glass: È®´ë°æ * ceremony: ÀǽÄ, ½Ä * purchase: ±¸¸ÅÇÏ´Ù 11. Çؼ®: Kate¿Í JoanÀº 3°³¿ù µ¿¾ÈÀ̳ª ¼­·Î º¸Áö ¸øÇߴµ¥, JoanÀÇ ¾ÆÆÄÆ®¿¡¼­ Áñ°Ì°Ô À̾߱⸦ ³ª´©°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ªÀº ´ëÈ­ ÈÄ¿¡, JoanÀÌ Ä¿ÇǸ¦ ÁغñÇÏ·¯ °¬´Ù. °ð _±×³à_°¡ ÄÅ°ú ¹Þħ Á¢½Ã¸¦ °¡Áö°í µ¹¾Æ¿Í ±×°ÍÀ» ÀÛÀº º¸Á¶ ŹÀÚ¿¡´Ù ³õ¾Ò´Ù. JoanÀÌ Å×ÀÌºíº¸¸¦ ã°í ÀÖ´Â µµÁß¿¡, Kate´Â º®¿¡ ÀÖ´Â »çÁøµéÀ» º¸¸é¼­ ¹æ ÁÖÀ§¸¦ ¼­¼ºÀÌ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. »çÁøµé Áß Çϳª¿¡ ¿­ÁßÇϸ鼭 _±×³à_´Â ÇÑ °ÉÀ½ µÚ·Î ¹°·¯³ª´Ù°¡ ±× ÀÛÀº ŹÀÚ¿¡ ºÎµúÇû°í ±×°ÍÀ» ¾²·¯¶ß·È´Ù. ÄÅ°ú ¹Þħ Á¢½Ã ¸ðµÎ°¡ ±úÁ³´Ù. Kate´Â _ÀÚ½Å_ÀÇ ºÎÁÖÀÇ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÁËÃ¥°¨À» ´À²¼´Ù. JoanÀÌ Ä¡¿ì´Â °ÍÀ» µµ¿ì¸ç, _±×³à_´Â ±× ¼ÕÇØ¿¡ ´ëÇØ º¸»óÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» »ý°¢ÇØ ³»·Á°í Çß´Ù. ³ªÁß¿¡, JoanÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ Á¶Á÷ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â Àü½Ãȸ¿¡¼­ ÀÏÇÒ ÀÚ¿øºÀ»çÀÚ¸¦ ã°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â ¸»À» Çß´Ù. ºñ·Ï Kate´Â ±× Ưº°ÇÑ ÀÏ¿äÀÏ¿¡ ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ Áß¿äÇÑ ¹«¾ð°¡°¡ ÀÖ¾úÁö¸¸, _±×³à_ÀÇ °èȹÀ» Ãë¼ÒÇÏ°í JoanÀ» µ½±â À§ÇØ ÀÚ¿øºÀ»ç¸¦ Çϱâ·Î °á½ÉÇß´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¨è, ¨é, ¨ê, ¨ë ´Â Kate¸¦ °¡¸®Å°Áö¸¸, ¨ç Àº JoanÀ» °¡¸®Å²´Ù. (±¸¹®) (Being) _Intent on one of the pictures_, she took a step back and hit the small table, _tipping it over_.: Intent on one of the pictures´Â ¾Õ¿¡ BeingÀÌ »ý·«µÈ ºÐ»ç±¸¹®À¸·Î ¡®~Çϸ硯ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀ̸ç, tipping it over ¿ª½Ã ºÐ»ç±¸¹®À¸·Î ¡®±×¸®°í ~ÇÏ´Ù¡¯ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * chat: ´ã¼Ò¸¦ ³ª´©´Ù * cup and saucer: ¹Þħ Á¢½Ã·Î ¹ÞÄ£ ÂþÀÜ * wander: µ¹¾Æ´Ù´Ï´Ù * intent: ÁýÁßµÈ * tip over: ¾²·¯¶ß¸®´Ù * negligence: ºÎÁÖÀÇ, °ú½Ç * compensate: º¸»óÇÏ´Ù * volunteer: ÀÚ¿øºÀ»çÀÚ; ÀÚ¿øºÀ»ç¸¦ ÇÏ´Ù * fair: Àü½Ãȸ, ¹Ú¶÷ȸ * particular: ƯÁ¤ÇÑ, Ưº°ÇÑ 8ÂÊ ±×³à µÚ¿¡ ÁÙÁöÀº Â÷µéÀÌ Á¡Á¡ ´Ã¾î³ª´Â °ÍÀ» º¸°í¼­, ±×³à´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Áö°©¿¡¼­ 2´Þ·¯¸¦ ²¨³»¼­ Çö±Ý µî·Ï±â¿¡ ³Ö¾ú´Ù. ¡°³×, »ç°Ú¾î¿ä.¡± ±×³à´Â ¹Ì¼Ò¸¦ ÁöÀ¸¸ç ¸»Çß´Ù. ¡°±×¸®°í ³» »ý°¢¿¡ °¡°ÝÀÌ µü 2´Þ·¯ÀÌ°Ú±º¿ä. ¸ÂÁÒ?¡± (Çؼ³) ¨ç, ¨è, ¨é, ¨ê ´Â ¸ðµÎ ²ÉÀ» ±æ·¯¼­ ÆǸÅÇÏ´Â ¼Ò³à¸¦ °¡¸®Å°Áö¸¸, ¨ë ´Â ÅëÇà·á¸¦ ¡¼öÇÏ´Â ¿©ÀÚ¸¦ °¡¸®Å²´Ù. (±¸¹®) _~ glancing at the cars piling up behind her_, she took two dollars from her purse and rang it up on the cash register.: glancing ¡¦ her´Â ºÎ´ë»óȲÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ºÐ»ç±¸¹®À¸·Î ¡®~Çϸ鼭¡¯ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * toll booth: ÅëÇà·á ¡¼ö¼Ò * attendant: Á÷¿ø, ¾È³»¿ø * remind A of B: A¿¡°Ô B°¡ »ý°¢³ª°Ô ÇÏ´Ù * pile: ½×ÀÌ´Ù, °ãÃÄÁö´Ù * cash register: Çö±Ý µî·Ï±â 13. Çؼ®: JohnÀº ÄÚÆ®¿¡¼­ ºÐ³ë¸¦ Æø¹ß½ÃÅ°´Â °Í¸¸Å­À̳ª ±×ÀÇ Å״Ͻº ±â¼ú·Îµµ Àß ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù. ¾î´À ³¯ ¿ÀÈÄ, ³ª´Â John°ú Áß¿äÇÑ ´Ü½Ä °æ±â¸¦ ÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. °æ±â°¡ ¶æ´ë·Î µÇÁö ¾ÊÀÚ, _±×_´Â ºÒ¸®ÇÑ È帧À¸·Î °¡±â ½ÃÀÛÇÏ¿© °æ±â¿¡ ´ëÇØ ºÒÆòÀ» ÇÏ°í ½º½º·Î¿¡°Ô ¼Ò¸®¸¦ Áú·¯´ë¸ç ¶óÄÏÀ» ³»ÆØ°³ÃÆ´Ù. ¸¶Ä¡ _±×_´Â °ø°ø¿¬ÇÑ ½Å°æ ¼è¾àÁõ¿¡ °É¸° µíÇß´Ù. °á±¹, _±×_¿Í ¡°°°Àº ÄÚÆ®¿¡¼­ °æ±âÇÒ ¸¸ÇÑ ÀÚ°ÝÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´ø¡± ¼±¼ö°¡ ¼¼ ¹øÀÇ Èûµç ¼¼Æ®¿¡¼­ ½Â¸®Çß´Ù. °æ±â°¡ ³¡³­ ÈÄ, JohnÀº 27¼¼ÀÇ ³ªÀÌ¿¡ Å״Ͻº¿¡¼­ ÀºÅðÇÏ°Ú´Ù°í ¹ßÇ¥Çß´Ù. ±×´Â ¡°_±×_¿Í °°Àº ¼±¼ö¿¡°Ô °æ±â¸¦ Áö±â ½ÃÀÛÇÒ ¶§, ³ª´Â °æ±â¸¦ ÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È¿¡µµ ³»°¡ ¹«¾ùÀ» ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´ÂÁö¸¦ ´Ù½Ã »ý°¢ÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù.¡±¶ó°í ÇظíÇß´Ù. ³»°¡ ¸ð¿å°¨À» ´À²¼À» °Å¶ó°í »ý°¢Çß´Ù¸é _±×_´Â À߸ø »ý°¢ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. »ç½Ç ³ª´Â ±×°ÍÀÌ ÁÁ¾Ò´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¨ç, ¨è, ¨é, ¨ë ´Â Å״Ͻº ½Ç·ÂÀÌ ¶Ù¾î³ª¸é¼­µµ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °¨Á¤À» ÀýÁ¦ÇÏÁö ¸øÇß´ø JohnÀ» °¡¸®Å°Áö¸¸, ¨ê ´Â ÇÊÀÚ¸¦ °¡¸®Å²´Ù. (±¸¹®) When things didn't go his way, he began to go downhill, _complaining about the game, screaming at himself, and slamming his racket_.: complaining ¡¦ racketÀº ºÐ»ç±¸¹®À¸·Î, Àǹ̻óÀÇ ÁÖ¾î´Â heÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * fit: ¹ßÀÛ, (°¨Á¤ÀÇ) Æø¹ß * temper: (È­¸¦ ³»´Â) ±âÁú * singles: match ´Ü½Ä * things: don't go one's way ÀÏÀÌ ¸¶À½´ë·Î ¾È µÇ´Ù * go downhill: ÇÏÇâ¼¼¸¦ º¸ÀÌ´Ù, ºÒ¸®ÇÑ È帧À¸·Î °¡´Ù * slam: ³»ÆØ°³Ä¡´Ù * nervous breakdown: ½Å°æ ¼è¾à * insult: ¸ð¿åÇÏ´Ù 14. Çؼ®: °¡Àå ´Ü¼øÇÑ Á¤ÀÇ·Î _ÀÌ°Í_Àº ¹ýÀ¸·Î ÁýÇàµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¾à¼ÓÀÌ´Ù. ±× ¾à¼ÓÀº ¾î¶² °ÍÀ» Çϰųª, ¶Ç´Â ¾î¶² °ÍÀ» ÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó°í ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. _ÀÌ°Í_À» ¸¸µå´Â °ÍÀº µÑ ÀÌ»óÀÇ »ç¶÷À̳ª ´ÜüÀÇ »óÈ£ µ¿ÀǸ¦ ÇÊ¿ä·Î Çϴµ¥, º¸Åë ÇÑ ÂÊÀÌ Á¦¾ÈÀ» ÇÏ°í ´Ù¸¥ ÂÊÀÌ ¼ö¶ôÀ» ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ÇÑÂÊ ÆíÀÌ ±× ¾à¼ÓÀ» ÁöÅ°Áö ¸øÇÏ°Ô µÇ¸é, »ó´ëÆíÀº ¹è»óÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±Ç¸®¸¦ °¡Áø´Ù. _ÀÌ°Í_¿¡ °üÇÑ ¹ýÀº _ÀÌ°Í_ÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´ÂÁö, _ÀÌ°Í_ÀÇ Àǹ̰¡ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö, _ÀÌ°Í_ÀÌ À§¹ÝµÇ¾ú´ÂÁö, ±×¸®°í ¼ÕÇظ¦ ÀÔÀº ´ç»çÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¾î¶² ¹è»óÀÌ Ä¡·¯Á®¾ß ÇÏ´ÂÁö¿Í °°Àº ¹®Á¦¸¦ °í·ÁÇÑ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¹ýÀ¸·Î ÁýÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â »óÈ£°£ÀÇ ¾à¼ÓÀ̸ç, ±× ¾à¼ÓÀ» ÁöÅ°Áö ¸øÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾úÀ» ¶§ ¼ÕÇظ¦ ÀÔÀº ´ç»çÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¹è»óÀ» ÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¨ç ¡®°è¾à¡¯ÀÌ´Ù. (±¸¹®) The law about this considers such questions _as_ whether this exists, what the meaning of this is, whether this has been broken, and what compensation is due to the injured party.: whether this exists, what the meaning of this is, whether this has been broken, what compensation is due to the injured party°¡ ¸ðµÎ as¿¡ °É·Á ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * definition: Á¤ÀÇ * enforceable: ÁýÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â * mutual: »óÈ£ÀÇ * party: ´Üü, ´ç»çÀÚ * compensation: ¹è»ó, º¸»ó 15. Çؼ®: ¸ÚÁø ±Ý¿äÀÏ ¿ÀÈÄ¿´°í ÁÖ¸»ÀÌ ¸· ½ÃÀÛÇÏ·Á°í ÇßÀ¸³ª, RobÀº ¸¹Àº °ÍÀ» °í¹ÎÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. _±×_´Â ¿ù¿äÀÏÀÌ Á¦Ãâ ±âÇÑÀÎ È­ÇÐ º¸°í¼­¸¦ ÀÛ¼ºÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¹Ì·ç¾î ¿À°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. µµ¼­°ü¿¡¼­ Ã¥À» ¸î ±Ç ºô¸° ÈÄ¿¡ ±×´Â ÁýÀ¸·Î °¬´Ù. ±×³¯ Àú³á ´Ê°Ô, _±×_°¡ °úÁ¦¸¦ ÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ» ¶§ ±×ÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö°¡ µé¾î¿Ô´Ù. ¡°¾ê¾ß, ¹«¾ùÀ» ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ï?¡± ±×°¡ ¹°¾ú´Ù. ¡°Marie CurieÀÇ Àü±â¿ä.¡± (±×_) ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ ÀÚÆÇÀ» Ä¡¸ç RobÀº ¸ÛÇÏ´Ï ¸»Çß´Ù. ¡°Á¤¸»? ³ªµµ Çб³ ´Ù´Ò ¶§ È­ÇÐ °úÁ¦·Î ±×°ÍÀ» ÇßÁö.¡± ±×ÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö°¡ ¸»Çß´Ù. ¡°ÀúÂÊ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¹é°ú »çÀü¿¡¼­ Á¤º¸¸¦ Á» ãÁö ±×·¯´Ï?¡± _±×_´Â µ¡ºÙ¿© ¸»Çß´Ù. RobÀº ±× ¹é°ú»çÀüÀ» Áý¾ú´Ù. ºñ·Ï ±×´Â »ç½Ç»ó ž¸é¼­ºÎÅÍ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ °ÔÀÓÀ» ÇÑ °ÍÀ̳ª ´Ù¸§¾øÁö¸¸, ±×ÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö°¡ 20¿© ³â Àü¿¡ Çß´ø ¶È°°Àº °úÁ¦¸¦ _±×_°¡ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â »ý°¢À» ÇÏ¸ç ±×´Â ¿ôÀ½Áö¾ú´Ù. (Çؼ³) 9ÂÊ (±¸¹®) He _had been putting_ off doing his chemistry report which was due on Monday.: 'had been + -ing'´Â °ú°Å¿Ï·á ÁøÇàÇüÀ¸·Î, °ú°ÅÀÇ ¾î´À ½ÃÁ¡À» ±âÁØÀ¸·Î ±× ÀÌÀüºÎÅÍ ±× ½ÃÁ¡±îÁö °è¼Ó ÁøÇàµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â µ¿ÀÛÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * have ¡¦ on one's mind: ~À» ±Ù½É(°í¹Î)ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù * put off: ¹Ì·ç´Ù * assignment: °úÁ¦ * biography: Àü±â * absently: ¸ÛÇÏ´Ï, ³ÌÀ» ÀÒ°í * encyclopedia: ¹é°ú»çÀü * practically: »ç½Ç»ó, ½ÇÁ¦ÀûÀ¸·Î 16. Çؼ®: _ÀÌ°Í_Àº Á¦Ç°ÀÇ Á¦Á¶¿¡ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. _ÀÌ°Í_Àº ¿Ï¼ºÇ°»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó °¢°¢ÀÇ ºÎÇ°À» Á¦Á¶Çϱâ À§ÇÑ ÀÛ¾÷ ¼ø¼­¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¼³°èµÈ´Ù. _ÀÌ°Í_À» µû¶ó ¼öÇàµÇ´Â ¸ðµç ÀÛ¾÷ÀÌ ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÔ²² ÀÌ·ç¾îÁöµµ·Ï, ÀÏÀÇ ÇÒ´ç, ±â°èÀÇ ¼ö, ±×¸®°í »ý»êÀÇ ¼Óµµ°¡ Á¶Á¤µÈ´Ù. _ÀÌ°Í_ À§¿¡¼­ ¸ðµç ºÎÇ°ÀÇ ¿òÁ÷ÀÓÀº °Ç³Ê¶Ù±â, µÇµ¹¾Æ°¡±â, ¶Ç´Â ¹Ýº¹ÇϱⰡ ÀüÇô ¾øÀÌ ´Ü¼øÈ­µÈ´Ù. _ÀÌ°Í_Àº Á¤º¸¸¦ °ü¸®ÇÏ°í ±×¿¡ µû¶ó ºÎÇ°ÀÇ È帧À» Á¶ÀýÇÏ´Â ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Á¡Á¡ ´õ Á¶À۵ǰí ÀÖ´Ù. _ÀÌ°Í_Àº ´ë°³ ÀÛ¾÷ÀÚµéÀÌ Æ¯Á¤ÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ¼öÇàÇÏ´Â ÄÁº£ÀÌ¾î º§Æ®·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ´Ù. ¿À´Ã³¯ ÀÚµ¿È­µÈ ±â°è¿Í »ê¾÷¿ë ·Îº¿µéÀÌ ÀÌ°Í¿¡¼­ Àΰ£ ÀÛ¾÷ÀÚµéÀ» ´ë½ÅÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¿Ï¼ºÇ°°ú ºÎÇ°ÀÇ Á¦Á¶ ¼ø¼­°¡ Á¤ÇØÁö°í, ÀÏÀÇ ÇÒ´ç, ±â°èÀÇ ¼ö, »ý»ê ¼Óµµ¸¦ Á¶Á¤ÇÏ¿© ´Ü¼øÈ­µÈ ¿òÁ÷ÀÓÀ¸·Î ÀÛ¾÷À» ÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¨ç ¡®Á¶¸³ ¶óÀΡ¯ÀÌ´Ù. (±¸¹®) This usually consists of conveyor belts on _which_ workers perform specific functions.: °ü°è´ë¸í»ç whichÀÇ ¼±Çà»ç´Â conveyor beltsÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * manufacturing: Á¦Á¶ * determine: °áÁ¤ÇÏ´Ù * sequence: ¼ø¼­, ¿¬¼Ó * component: ºÎÇ°, ±¸¼º ¿ä¼Ò * assignment: ÇÒ´ç, ÁöÁ¤ * coordinate: Á¶Á¤ÇÏ´Ù * simplify: ´Ü¼øÈ­ÇÏ´Ù * cross over: °Ç³Ê¶Ù´Ù * backtrack: µÇµ¹¾Æ°¡´Ù * accordingly: µû¶ó¼­, ±×¿¡ ¸Â°Ô * take the place of: ~À» ´ë½ÅÇÏ´Ù 17. Çؼ®: 1³â µ¿¾È Danny´Â ±× À¯¸íÇÑ Pikes Peak MarathonÀ» ¿ÏÁÖÇϱâ À§ÇØ Èûµé°Ô ÈÆ·ÃÇØ ¿Ô´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ½ÇÁ¦ ¸¶¶óÅæÀ» ¶Ù¸é¼­´Â ÁöÄ¡°í ÇÇ°ïÇÔÀ» ´À³¢°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ½£À» Åë°úÇÏ´Â Á¼Àº ±æ¿¡¼­ _±×_´Â µÚ¿¡ Bob's #4¶ó°í ¾´ Ƽ¼ÅÃ÷¸¦ ÀÔÀº, ´À¸®°í ¿¬¾àÇÑ ÁÖÀÚÀÇ µÚ¿¡¼­ ¿È¦´Þ½Ï ¸øÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. _±×_´Â ±× »ç¶÷ µÚ¿¡¼­ ÁöüÇØ¾ß Ç߱⠶§¹®¿¡ ÈξÀ ´õ ÁöÃÆ´Ù. ¸¶Ä§³» ±× »ç¶÷À» Ãß¿ùÇϸ鼭 È£±â½É¿¡ _±×_´Â ¡°Bob's #4°¡ ¹¹¿¹¿ä?¡±¶ó°í ±×¿¡°Ô ¹°¾ú´Ù. ¡°³» Ä£±¸ BobÀº Æò»ý¿¡ ÀÌ ¸¶¶óÅæÀ» ³× ¹ø ¶Ù´Â ²ÞÀ» °¡Á³¾úÁö¿ä.¡± ±×°¡ ´ë´äÇß´Ù. ¡°_±×_´Â ¼¼ ¹ø ¶Ù¾úÁö¸¸ À۳⿡ Á×¾ú¾î¿ä. ±×·¡¼­ ³»°¡ ±×¸¦ À§ÇØ ±×ÀÇ ²ÞÀ» ´Þ¼ºÇϱâ·Î ¸¶À½À» ¸Ô¾úÁö¿ä. À̹øÀÌ ¹Ù·Î BobÀÇ ³× ¹ø° ¸¶¶óÅæÀÌ¿¡¿ä.¡± °©ÀÚ±â _±×_´Â °æÁÖÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È¿¡ ´À²¼´ø ¸ðµç ÇÇ°ïÇÔÀÌ »ç¶óÁ³´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¨ç, ¨è, ¨é, ¨ë ´Â Danny¸¦ °¡¸®Å°Áö¸¸, ¨ê ´Â BobÀ» °¡¸®Å²´Ù. (±¸¹®) _But when (he was) running_ the actual marathon, he was feeling weary and tired.: when µÚ¿¡ 'ÁÖ¾î(he)£«beµ¿»ç(was)'°¡ »ý·«µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ºÎ»çÀý¿¡¼­ Á־ ÁÖÀýÀÇ ÁÖ¾î¿Í °°À» ¶§, 'Á־beµ¿»ç'´Â »ý·«µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * weary: ÇÇ°ïÇÑ * stuck: ¿È¦´Þ½Ï ¸øÇÏ´Â * lag: µÚóÁö´Ù * overtake: µû¶óÀâ´Ù * out of curiosity: È£±â½É¿¡¼­, ±Ã±ÝÇؼ­ * exhaustion: ±âÁø¸ÆÁø, ¼Ò¸ð, °í°¥ 18. Çؼ®: _ÀÌ°Í_Àº ÀÏÂïÀÌ ±â¿øÀü 8,000³â¿¡ ½ÃÀ۵Ǿú´Ù. ½Å¼®±â ½Ã´ë¿¡ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Á¤ÂøµÈ ³ó¾÷ °øµ¿Ã¼·Î ÀÚ¸®¸¦ Àâ±â ½ÃÀÛÇϸ鼭, _ÀÌ°Í_ÀÌ °­È­µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¿ø·¡ ÁÖ·Î °í±â¸¦ À§ÇØ ±â¸£´ø ¾ç°ú ¿°¼Ò°¡ ¶ÇÇÑ Á¥°ú ÅÐÀ» ¾ò±â À§Çؼ­µµ ±ÍÁßÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¼Ò´Â °í±â¿Í °¡Á×À» ¾ò±â À§Çؼ­ ±×¸®°í ³ó»çÀÏÀ» ÇÏ´Â µ¿¹°·Î¼­ ±æµé¿©Á³´Ù. ±×°ÍµéÀÇ ¿ìÀ¯ »ý»êÀº ¿ª»ç»ó ÈξÀ ÈÄ¿¡ ¸¹Àº ¿ìÀ¯ »ý»êÀ» À§ÇÑ Ç°Á¾ °³·®À¸·Î ÀûÀýÇÑ Á¥¼ÒµéÀ» ¸¸µé¾î ³»°í¼­¾ß ºñ·Î¼Ò ÇϳªÀÇ ¿ä¼Ò°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¸»µéµµ ¶ÇÇÑ ±æµé¿©Á®¼­ ¿î¼ÛÀ» À§ÇØ Áß¿äÇØÁ³°í ÀüÀï¿¡¼­ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. (Çؼ³) Á¥°ú ÅÐ, °í±â, °¡Á×, ¿ìÀ¯, ³ó»çÀÏ°ú ¿î¼Û µîÀ» À§ÇØ °¡ÃàÀ» ±æ·¶´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ À̾îÁö´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸¾Æ ¹ØÁ٠ģ ºÎºÐÀÌ °¡¸®Å°´Â °ÍÀÌ ¨ç ¡®Ãà»ê¡¯ÀÓÀ» Ãß·ÐÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (±¸¹®) Their milk production was _not_ a factor _until_ much later in history when breeding for high milk production produced suitable cows.: 'not ¡¦ until ¡¦'À» Á÷¿ªÇÏ¸é ¡®¡¦ÇÒ ¶§±îÁö ~ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù¡¯ÀÌÁö¸¸ ¡®¡¦ÇÏ°í ³ª¼­¾ß ºñ·Î¼Ò ~ÇÏ´Ù¡¯·Î ÀÇ¿ªÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀÚ¿¬½º·´´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * settle into: ~¿¡ ÀÚ¸®¸¦ Àâ´Ù * intensify: °­È­ÇÏ´Ù * domesticate: ±æµéÀÌ´Ù, Áý¿¡¼­ ±â¸£´Ù * breeding: Ç°Á¾ °³·®, ¹ø½Ä * play a part: ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ´Ù * warfare: ÀüÀï 10ÂÊ ÇÔ²² µé¾î°¡ÀÚ. ³»°¡ ³ÊÀÇ ¾ö¸¶¿¡°Ô µå¸± Àå¹Ì¸¦ »ç ÁÙ°Ô.¡± _±×³à_´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¾î¸Ó´Ï¿¡°Ô º¸³¾ ²ÉÀ» ÁÖ¹®Çß°í ¼Ò³à¸¦ À§ÇØ Àå¹Ìµµ ÇÑ ¼ÛÀÌ »ò´Ù. °¡°Ô¿¡¼­ ³ª¿À¸é¼­ ±×³à´Â ¼Ò³à¿¡°Ô Å¿ö ÁÖ°Ú´Ù°í Á¦¾ÈÀ» Çß´Ù. _±×³à_´Â ¡°³×, °¡´ÉÇÏ½Ã´Ù¸é ºÎŹµå¸±°Ô¿ä. Àú¸¦ ÀúÀÇ ¾î¸Ó´Ï°¡ ÀÖ´Â °÷À¸·Î µ¥·Á´Ù ÁÖ¼¼¿ä.¡±¶ó°í ¸»Çß´Ù. ±× ¾î¸° ¼Ò³à´Â ±×³à¸¦ ¾È³»ÇØ ¹«´ýÀ¸·Î °¬°í Àå¹Ì¸¦ ¹«´ý À§¿¡ ³õ¾Ò´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ±× ¿©ÀÚÀÇ °èȹÀ» ¹Ù²Ù°Ô Çß´Ù! _±×³à_´Â ²É°¡°Ô·Î µ¹¾Æ°¡¼­ Åë½Å ÁÖ¹®À» Ãë¼ÒÇÏ°í ½Å¼±ÇÑ Àå¹Ì ÇÑ ´Ù¹ßÀ» °ñ¶ó¼­ 100¸¶ÀÏÀ» Â÷¸¦ ¸ô°í °¡ ±×³àÀÇ ¾î¸Ó´Ï¸¦ ¸¸³µ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¨ç, ¨è, ¨é, ¨ë ´Â ¾ÆÀÌ¿¡°Ô Àå¹Ì¸¦ »ç ÁØ ¿©ÀÚ¸¦ °¡¸®Å°Áö¸¸, ¨ê ´Â ¾î¸Ó´ÏÀÇ ¹«´ý¿¡ Àå¹Ì¸¦ ¹ÙÄ£ ¿©ÀÚ ¾ÆÀ̸¦ °¡¸®Å²´Ù. (±¸¹®) She _returned_ to the flower shop, _canceled_ the wire order, _picked up_ a bouquet of fresh roses, and _drove_ 100 miles to meet her mother.: µ¿»ç returned, canceled, picked up, drove°¡ µîÀ§Á¢¼Ó»ç and¿¡ ÀÇÇØ º´·Ä ±¸Á¶·Î ¿¬°áµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * wire: Àü¼ÛÇÏ´Ù; Àü½Å, ÀüÈ­ * sob: Èå´À²¸ ¿ï´Ù * place one's order: ÁÖ¹®À» ÇÏ´Ù * direct A to B: A¿¡°Ô B·Î °¡´Â ±æÀ» ¾Ë·Á ÁÖ´Ù * cancel: Ãë¼ÒÇÏ´Ù * bouquet: ²É´Ù¹ß 20. Çؼ®: »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¿©±â¼­ ¿Ê, ½Å¹ß, ȤÀº ÀÚµ¿Â÷¿Í °°Àº ¹°°ÇµéÀ» »çÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â Á¡¿¡¼­ _ÀÌ°Í_Àº ¸ðµç ´Ù¸¥ ½ÃÀåµé°ú ´Ù¸£´Ù. _ÀÌ°Í_ ´öºÐ¿¡, »ç¶÷µéÀº ½±°Ô ÇÑ ³ª¶óÀÇ µ·À» ´Ù¸¥ ³ª¶óÀÇ µ·°ú ±³È¯ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. »ç¶÷µéÀº ¸¹Àº ÀÌÀ¯¿¡¼­ ±×·¯ÇÑ ±³È¯À» Çϱ⸦ ¿øÇÑ´Ù. ¾î¶² »ç¶÷µéÀº ÇÑ ±¹°¡¿Í ´Ù¸¥ ±¹°¡ »çÀÌÀÇ »óÇ°À̳ª ¿ë¿ªÀÇ ¼öÀÔ ¶Ç´Â ¼öÃâ¿¡ °ü¿©ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÚº»À» ÇÑ Áö¿ª¿¡¼­ ´Ù¸¥ Áö¿ªÀ¸·Î À̵¿½ÃÅ°±â¸¦ ¿øÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ¶Ç ¿Ü±¹À¸·Î ¿©Çà °¡±â¸¦ ¿øÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéµµ ÀÖ´Ù. _ÀÌ°Í_Àº ±¹Á¦ °æÁ¦¿¡ ¾öû³ª°Ô Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù. _ÀÌ°Í_Àº ¼¼°è¿¡¼­ ½ÇÁ¦ ÀϾ´Â »ç°Ç¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ°í, ÇÑ ±¹°¡ÀÇ °æÁ¦¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡¸ç, ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© ±× ³ª¶óÀÇ È­Æó °¡Ä¡¸¦ ¿À¸£°í ³»¸®°Ô ¸¸µç´Ù. (Çؼ³) ÇÑ ³ª¶óÀÇ µ·À» ´Ù¸¥ ³ª¶óÀÇ µ·°ú ±³È¯ÇÏ°í, ±¹Á¦ °æÁ¦¿¡ ¾ÆÁÖ Áß¿äÇϸç, Çö½ÇÀÇ ¿©·¯ »ç°Çµé¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ°í, ÇÑ ³ª¶óÀÇ µ·ÀÇ °¡Ä¡¸¦ Áõ°¨½ÃÅ°´Â °ÍÀº ¨ç ¡®¿Üȯ½ÃÀ塯ÀÌ´Ù. (±¸¹®) This _gets_ influenced by a real world event, and _has_ an impact on ~.: µ¿»ç´Â gets¿Í hasÀÌ°í, ÁÖ¾î´Â ThisÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * in that: ~¶ó´Â Á¡¿¡¼­ * exchange: ±³È¯ÇÏ´Ù * be concerned with: ~¿¡ °ü¿©ÇÏ´Ù * import: ¼öÀÔ(¡ê export ¼öÃâ) * capital: ÀÚº» * incredibly: ¾öû³ª°Ô, ³î¶ø°Ôµµ * have an impact on: ~¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡´Ù 21. Çؼ®: ¾î´À °¡À» Àú³á ºñÇà±â¸¦ Ÿ°í Kansas ÁÖÀÇ ½Ã°ñÀ» ºñÇàÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ½Â°´ÀÎ Walt Morris¿¡°Ô´Â ±âºÐ ÁÁÀº °æÇèÀ̾ú´Ù. _±×_´Â ¹ØÀ¸·Î º¸ÀÌ´Â ³óÀå ÁÖÅÃÀÇ ¹Ý¦°Å¸®´Â ºÒºûÀ» º¸¾Ò´Ù. °©Àڱ⠺ñÇà±âÀÇ Âø·úµîÀÌ ÄÑÁ³´Ù ²¨Á³´Ù Çϸ鼭 ¹ø½À̱⠽ÃÀÛÇßÀ» ¶§ ±× Àú³áÀÇ °í¿äÇÔÀÌ ±úÁ³´Ù. ¡®¹«½¼ ÀÏÀÌ ÀϾ°í ÀÖ´Â °É±î?¡¯ _±×_´Â ÀÇÀÚÀÇ ÆÈ°ÉÀ̸¦ ²À Áã¸é¼­ ÀǾÆÇØÇß´Ù. Á¶Á¾»ç°¡ ¸· ¹æ¼ÛÀ» ÇÏ·Á°í ÇßÀ» ¶§, ¡®¹Ù·Î ±×°Å¾ß. ±×´Â Å« ¹®Á¦°¡ ÀϾ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¸»ÇÏ·Á°í ÇÏ´Â °Å¾ß.¡¯¶ó°í _±×_´Â »ý°¢Çß´Ù. ´ë½Å¿¡, _±×_´Â ½Â°´µé¿¡°Ô ¡°ºñÇà±â ¹Ù±ù¿¡¼­ ±ôºýÀÌ´Â ºÒºû¿¡ ´ëÇØ °ÆÁ¤ÇϽDZîºÁ ¸»¾¸µå¸®´Â °ÍÀε¥, Àú´Â Á¦ ¾ÆÀ̵鿡°Ô ½ÅÈ£¸¦ º¸³»°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.¡± _±×_´Â °è¼ÓµÇ´Â ¾È³» ¹æ¼ÛÀ» µè°í ¾È½ÉÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¡°Á¦ ¾ÆÀ̵éÀº Àú±â ¿ÞÂÊÀ¸·Î º¸ÀÌ´Â ¾ð´ö À§¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Áý¿¡ Àִµ¥, ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÌ Morse ºÎÈ£·Î ¡®ÁÁÀº Àú³á µÇ¼¼¿ä, ¾Æºü.¡¯¶ó´Â ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ º¸³» ¿Ô½À´Ï´Ù.¡± (Çؼ³) ¨ç, ¨è, ¨é, ¨ë ´Â Walt Morris¸¦ °¡¸®Å°Áö¸¸, ¨ê ´Â ±âÀåÀ» °¡¸®Å²´Ù. (±¸¹®) _Flying over rural Kansas in an airplane one fall evening_ was a delightful experience for passenger Walt Morris.: µ¿¸í»ç FlyingÀÌ À̲ø°í ÀÖ´Â Flying ¡¦ eveningÀÌ ¹®ÀåÀÇ ÁÖ¾î·Î ´Ü¼öµ¿»ç was°¡ À̾îÁö°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * rural: ½Ã°ñÀÇ, Àü¿øÀÇ * twinkle: ¹Ý¦°Å¸®´Ù * flash on and off: ÄÑÁ³´Ù ²¨Á³´Ù ÇÏ´Ù * grip: ²Ë Àâ´Ù, ´Ü´ÜÈ÷ Áã´Ù * armrest: (ÀÇÀÚÀÇ) ÆÈ°ÉÀÌ * in case: ~ÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡ ´ëºñÇÏ¿© * relieved: ¾È½ÉÇÑ 22. Çؼ®: _ÀÌ°Í_Àº Àü¼± ´ë½Å¿¡ ´«¿¡ º¸ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â Æĵ¿À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Â ÀüÀÚ ÀåºñÀÌ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀ» ÀÛµ¿Çϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â Àü±â³ª °ÇÀüÁö ÁßÀÇ Çϳª°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº º¸Åë ½ÅÈ£¸¦ ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌ´Â °ÍÀ» µµ¿ÍÁÖ´Â ¾ÈÅ׳ª¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. _ÀÌ°Í_Àº ¶ÇÇÑ À½·® Á¶Àý±â¿Í ¿©·¯ ¹æ¼Û±¹ÀÇ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ¹Þ±â À§ÇØ Á¶Á¤ÇÏ´Â Æ©³Ê¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡, _ÀÌ°Í_Àº ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ½Ã°£À̳ª Àå¼Ò¿¡ ÇÑÁ¤µÇÁö ¾Ê°í ±â´ÉÀ» Àß ÇÑ´Ù. _ÀÌ°Í_Àº ÇÑ ¶§ ´º½º¿Í Á¤º¸¸¦ ¾ò°í À½¾ÇÀ» µè±â À§ÇØ ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÏ°Ô »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. Áö±ÝÀº, ¸¹Àº ÀåÄ¡µéÀÌ ±×°ÍÀ» ´ë½ÅÇÏÁö¸¸, ÀϺΠ»ç¶÷µéÀº ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ±×°ÍÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ´Ù. (Çؼ³) Àü±â³ª °ÇÀüÁö·Î ÀÛµ¿µÇ°í ¾ÈÅ׳ª°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¿©·¯ ¹æ¼Û±¹ÀÇ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» °ñ¶ó¼­ µéÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀüÀÚ ÀåÄ¡´Â ¨ë ¡®¶óµð¿À¡¯ÀÌ´Ù. 11ÂÊ (±¸¹®) This is a piece of electronic equipment _that_ uses invisible waves instead of wires.: ÁÖ°Ý °ü°è´ë¸í»ç thatÀÌ À̲ø°í ÀÖ´Â that ¡¦ wires°¡ ¼±Çà»ç electronic equipment¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * equipment: Àåºñ * invisible: ´«¿¡ º¸ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â * antenna: ¾ÈÅ׳ª * reception: ¼ö¿ë, ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÓ * volume controller: À½·® Á¶Àý±â * adjust: Á¶Á¤ÇÏ´Ù, ¸ÂÃß´Ù * function: ±â´É(ÇÏ´Ù) * specific: ƯÁ¤ÇÑ 23. Çؼ®: KameronÀº ¿¹Àü¿¡ ±×ÀÇ µÚ¶ã¿¡ öµµ ħ¸ñÀ¸·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁø ´ãÀ» ½×´À¶ó ¸î ÁÖ µ¿¾È ¿­½ÉÈ÷ ÀÛ¾÷À» Çß´Ù. _±×_°¡ °ÅÀÇ ¿Ï¼ºÀ» ÇßÀ» ¶§, ±×ÀÇ ÀÌ¿ôÀÎ Brown ¾¾°¡ À¯°¨½º·´°Ôµµ ±×¿¡°Ô Á¦¹ß öµµ ħ¸ñÀ» Á¦°ÅÇÏ°í ´ë½Å¿¡ µ¹À» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´À³Ä°í ¹°¾ú´Ù. _±×_´Â ±×ÀÇ ¾Æ³»°¡ ³ª¸ÓÁö Æò»ý µ¿¾È ħ¸ñÀ¸·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁø ´ãÀ» º¸´Â °ÍÀ» ¿øÄ¡ ¾Ê´Â´Ù°í ¼ÖÁ÷ÇÏ°Ô ¼³¸íÇß´Ù. KameronÀº _±×_°¡ ´ãÀ» °ÅÀÇ ¿Ï¼ºÇßÀ» ¶§ ±×·¯ÇÑ °ÍÀ» ºÎŹÇÏ´Â ÀÌ ÀÌ¿ôÀÇ »·»·ÇÔÀ» ¹ÏÀ» ¼ö°¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ºñ·Ï ±×ÀÇ ³í¸®¸¦ ÃæºÐÈ÷ ÀÌÇØÇÏÁö´Â ¸øÇßÁö¸¸, _±×_´Â Brown ¾¾ ºÎºÎ°¡ ¿À·§µ¿¾È ±×ÀÇ ÀÌ¿ôÀ¸·Î ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾Ò´Ù. ºñ·Ï ±×°ÍÀÌ ±×¿¡°Ô ´Ù½Ã ÇÑ ÁÖÀÇ Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ ÀÛ¾÷À» ¿äÇßÁö¸¸, _±×_´Â ±× ÀÌ¿ôÀÌ ¿äûÇÑ °ÍÀ» Çß°í ħ¸ñÀ» µ¹·Î ´ëüÇß´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¨ç, ¨é, ¨ê, ¨ë ´Â KameronÀ» °¡¸®Å°Áö¸¸, ¨è ´Â Mr. BrownÀ» °¡¸®Å²´Ù. (±¸¹®) ~, his neighbor, Mr. Brown, regretfully asked him _if_ he could please take out the railroad ties and use rocks instead.: if ¡¦ instead´Â µ¿»ç askedÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î·Î »ç¿ëµÈ ¸í»çÀýÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * tie: ħ¸ñ * backyard: µÚ¶ã * regretfully: À¯°¨½º·´°Ôµµ * nerve: »·»·ÇÔ, ¿ë±â, °­½ÉÀå * reasoning: ÀÌ·Ð, ³í¸® * replace A with B: A¸¦ B·Î ´ëüÇÏ´Ù 24. Çؼ®: _ÀÌ°Í_Àº, ƯÈ÷ Á¶¼± ¿ÕÁ¶ µ¿¾È¿¡ À¯±³¿¡ ±âÀÎÇÏ´Â °¡Àå ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ¹Ì´öÀÇ ÀüºÎ¸¦ º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â ¾î¶² »ç¶÷À̶ó´Â Àǹ̿¡¼­ ¡®ÇÐÀÚ¡¯³ª ¡®Áö½ÄÀΡ¯À¸·Î ¹ø¿ªµÇ´Â °í¾îÀÌ´Ù. ±×´Â »ç½ÉÀÌ ¾ø°í ÀýÁ¦½ÉÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ÀÌ»óÀûÀÎ Àΰ£À¸·Î Á¦½ÃµÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© ±×´Â À¯±³ »çȸÀÇ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀ» À§ÇÑ µµ´öÀÇ ¸ð¹üÀ¸·Î ¶°¹Þµé¾îÁ³´Ù. ±×´Â ¶ÇÇÑ Á¤Ä¡¿Í öÇп¡¼­ ±¹°¡ÀÇ ¹ø¿µÀ» À§ÇØ Çå½ÅÇß´Ù. Çö´ë Çѱ¹ »çȸ¿¡¼­, ÇÐÀÚµéÀº ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ±×·¯ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÌ °¡Á³´ø Á¤½ÅÀ» Áö´Ïµµ·Ï ±â´ëµÈ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ½ÇÁ¦·Î ±×·¯ÇÑ ÀÌ»ó¿¡ ¸ÂÃß¾î »ç´Â °ÍÀº ¾ÆÁÖ ¾î·Æ´Ù. (Çؼ³) À¯±³ »çȸÀÇ ¹Ì´öÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â ÇÐÀÚ³ª Áö½ÄÀÎÀ̸ç, µµ´öÀûÀÎ ¸ð¹üÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ¾ú°í, Çö´ë Çѱ¹ »çȸ¿¡¼­µµ ±×µéÀÇ Á¤½ÅÀ» °®µµ·Ï ±â´ëµÇ´Â »ç¶÷Àº ¹Ù·Î ¨ç ¡®¼±ºñ¡¯ÀÌ´Ù. (±¸¹®) He was presented as the ideal human being _who_ was selfless and disciplined.: ÁÖ°Ý °ü°è´ë¸í»ç who°¡ À̲ø°í ÀÖ´Â who ¡¦ disciplined°¡ ¼±Çà»ç human beingÀ» ¼ö½ÄÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * translate: ¹ø¿ªµÇ´Ù, ¹ø¿ªÇÏ´Ù * intellectual: Áö½ÄÀÎ; Áö½ÄÀÎÀÇ * exhibit: º¸¿©ÁÖ´Ù * admirable: ÈǸ¢ÇÑ * virtue: ´ö, ¹Ì´ö * attributed to: ~¿¡ ±âÀÎÇÑ, ~ÀÇ ´öºÐÀ¸·Î »ý°¢µÇ´Â * Confucianism: À¯±³ * disciplined: ÀýÁ¦½ÉÀÌ ÀÖ´Â, Àß Åë¼ÖµÈ * hold up: ~À» (¸ð¹üÀû ¿¹·Î) µé´Ù (as) * morality: µµ´ö * be dedicated to: ~¿¡ Çå½ÅÇÏ´Ù * prosperity: ¹ø¿µ * live up to: ~¿¡ ¸ÂÃß¾î »ì´Ù 25. Çؼ®: Greg´Â Ç×»ó È¥ÀÚ¼­ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¿îµ¿À» ÁÁ¾ÆÇß´Ù. 14¼¼ ¶§, _±×_´Â ½ºÅ° Ä·ÇÁ¿¡ °¬´Ù. ±×´Â °Å±â¼­ °Ç°­À» À¯ÁöÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °¡Àå ÁÁÀº ¹æ¹ýµé Áß Çϳª°¡ ÀÚÀü°ÅŸ±â¶ó´Â ¸»À» µé¾ú´Ù. ±×¶§ ±×ÀÇ ¾Æºü´Â üÁßÀ» ÁÙÀÌ·Á°í ÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾ú°í, ±×·¡¼­ _±×_´Â ¾Æµé°ú ÇÔ²² ¸ÅÀÏ 20¸¶ÀϾ¿ ÀÚÀü°Å¸¦ ÅÀ´Ù. °ð Greg´Â ÀÚÀü°ÅŸ±â¿¡ Èï¹Ì¸¦ °¡Áö°Ô µÇ¾ú°í, 14¼¼¿Í 15¼¼ ¾ÆÀ̵éÀ» À§ÇÑ °æÁÖ¿¡ Âü°¡ÇßÀ¸¸ç, °ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç °æÁÖ¿¡¼­ ¿ì½ÂÀ» Çß´Ù. _±×_´Â ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­´Â ¸ÂºÙÀ» »ó´ë°¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­ ÀϵîÀ» ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ±×¸® Áß¿äÇÏÁö°¡ ¾Ê¾Ò´Âµ¥ ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ¸ðµç Á¤»óÀÇ ÀÚÀü°Å ¼±¼öµéÀº À¯·´¿¡¼­ °æÁÖ¸¦ Ç߱⠶§¹®À̾ú´Ù. _±×_°¡ 16¼¼°¡ µÇ¾úÀ» ¶§, Greg´Â À¯·´¿¡¼­ °æÁÖ¿¡ Âü°¡ÇØ ¿ì½ÂÇϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ±×¸®°í 25¼¼°¡ µÇ¾úÀ» ¶§, _±×_´Â ¼¼°è ÃÖ°íÀÇ »çÀÌŬ¸µ ´ëȸÀÎ Tour de France¿¡¼­ ¿ì½ÂÇÑ ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ºñ À¯·´ÀÎÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¨ç, ¨é, ¨ê, ¨ë ´Â Greg¸¦ °¡¸®Å°Áö¸¸, ¨è ´Â GregÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö¸¦ °¡¸®Å²´Ù. (±¸¹®) ¡¦ Greg started _racing_ and _winning_ in Europe.: Á¢¼Ó»ç and·Î ¿¬°áµÈ racing°ú winningÀº µ¿»ç startedÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾îÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * stay in shape: °Ç°­À» À¯ÁöÇÏ´Ù * unbeatable: ¹«ÀûÀÇ, ¸Â°Ü·ê ¼ö ¾ø´Â * count for much: ¾ÆÁÖ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù 12ÂÊ 26. Çؼ®: _ÀÌ°Í_ÀÌ ¾ø´Â ¼¼»óÀº °ÅÀÇ »ó»óÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. _ÀÌ°Í_Àº ´Ù¾çÇÑ °úÇÐÀû ºÐ¾ß¿Í »ê¾÷¿¡¼­ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº °¡Á¤ ¾îµð¿¡³ª, ÀÏÅÍ¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëµÇ°í, ±×¸®°í Á¾Á¾ ³îÀÌ¿¡µµ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. _ÀÌ°Í_ÀÇ °¡Àå Å« ÀÌÁ¡ Áß Çϳª´Â ºûÀº µé¾î¿À°Ô ÇÏ°í µ¿½Ã¿¡ ³¯¾¾·ÎºÎÅÍ º¸È£¸¦ Á¦°øÇØ Áشٴ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. _ÀÌ°Í_Àº Àϱ¤Àº µé¾î¿À°Ô Çã¿ëÇÏÁö¸¸ ÃßÀ§³ª Æødz¿ì Ä¡´Â ³¯¾¾´Â ¸·¾Æ ÁØ´Ù. Àü±¸´Â ºûÀ» Àü´ÞÇÏÁö¸¸ ¶ß°Å¿î Çʶó¸àÆ®°¡ Ÿ¹ö¸®°Ô ÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Â »ê¼Ò´Â ¸ø µé¾î¿À°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. ÅÚ·¹ºñÀü ¿µ»ó ºê¶ó¿î°üÀº ±× ºê¶ó¿î°ü ¾È¿¡ Çü¼ºµÇ´Â ¿µ»óÀ» ½ÃûÀÚµéÀÌ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇØ ÁØ´Ù. À¯¸®º´Àº ¿­Áö ¾Ê¾Æµµ ±× ³»¿ë¹°À» º¸¿©ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ºûÀº µé¾î¿À°Ô Çϸ鼭 ºñ¹Ù¶÷À» ¸·¾Æ ÁÖ°í Àü±¸³ª ÅÚ·¹ºñÀü ºê¶ó¿î°ü, º´¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â °ÍÀº ¨ç ¡®À¯¸®¡¯ÀÌ´Ù. ¨è °­Ã¶ ¨é ³ª¹« ¨ê µ¹ ¨ë °í¹« (±¸¹®) Television picture tubes _enable_ viewers _to see_ the image that is formed inside the tube.: 'enable£«A£«toºÎÁ¤»ç'´Â ¡®A°¡ ~ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÏ´Ù¡¯ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * unimaginable: »ó»óÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â * let in: ~À» µé¾î¿À°Ô ÇÏ´Ù * keep out: ¾È¿¡ µéÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Ù, ¸·¾Æ³»´Ù * transmit: Àü´ÞÇÏ´Ù * oxygen: »ê¼Ò * tube: (TVÀÇ) Áø°ø°ü, ºê¶ó¿î°ü * reveal: µå·¯³»´Ù * content: ³»¿ë, ¾Ë¸ÍÀÌ 27. Çؼ®: Àΰ£ÀÌ ¹ß¸íÇÑ ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ ¿îµ¿ Àåºñ Ç°¸ñÀº °øÀ̾ú´Ù. °í´ë ÀÌÁýÆ®¿¡¼­´Â µ¹À» ´øÁö´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÌ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Â ³îÀÌ¿´Áö¸¸, À߸ø ´øÁø µ¹ÀÌ ¾ÆÀ̸¦ ´ÙÄ¡°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ÀÌÁýÆ®ÀεéÀº ´øÁö±â¿¡ º¸´Ù ´ú À§ÇèÇÑ °ÍÀ» ã°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í _±×µé_Àº ¾î¼¸é ÃÖÃÊÀÇ °øÀÏ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» °³¹ßÇß´Ù. _±×°Íµé_Àº óÀ½¿¡ Ç®À̳ª ÀÙÀ» ²öÀ¸·Î ¹­¾î¼­ ¸¸µé¾ú°í ³ªÁß¿¡´Â µ¿¹°ÀÇ °¡Á× Á¶°¢À» ½Ç·Î ²ç¸Å¾î ºÙÀÌ°í ±× ¾È¿¡ ±êÅÐÀ̳ª °ÇÃʸ¦ ä¿ö¼­ ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. ºñ·Ï ÀÌÁýÆ®ÀεéÀÌ È£ÀüÀûÀ̱â´Â ÇÏ¿´Áö¸¸, _±×µé_Àº ÆòÈ­·Î¿î °æ±â¸¦ ÇÏ´Â ½Ã°£µµ °¡Á³´Ù. °ð ±×µéÀº °øÀ¸·Î ÇÏ´Â ¸¹Àº °æ±â¸¦ °í¾ÈÇß´Ù. ¾Æ¸¶ _±×µé_Àº Àç¹Ìº¸´Ù´Â ±³À°À» À§Çؼ­ °ø³îÀ̸¦ ÇßÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. °ø³îÀÌ´Â ÁÖ·Î ÀþÀºÀ̵鿡°Ô ÀüÀïÀ» À§Çؼ­ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¼Óµµ¿Í ±â¼úÀ» °¡¸£Ä¡´Â ÇÑ °¡Áö ¼ö´ÜÀ¸·Î »ý°¢µÇ¾ú´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¨ç, ¨é, ¨ê, ¨ë ´Â Egyptians¸¦ °¡¸®Å°Áö¸¸, ¨è ´Â the first balls¸¦ °¡¸®Å²´Ù. (±¸¹®) And they developed _what_ were probably the first balls.: whatÀº ¼±Çà»ç¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ °ü°è´ë¸í»ç·Î, what ¡¦ balls´Â µ¿»ç developedÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î·Î ¾²¿´´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * equipment: Àåºñ * pitch: ´øÁö´Ù * string: ÁÙ, ²ö * sew: ²ç¸Å´Ù(-sewed-sewn) * stuff A with B: A¸¦ B·Î ä¿ö ³Ö´Ù * warlike: È£ÀüÀûÀÎ * devise: °í¾ÈÇÏ´Ù, ¹ß¸íÇÏ´Ù * instruction: ±³À°, °¡¸£Ä§ * think of A as B: A¸¦ B·Î »ý°¢ÇÏ´Ù 28. Çؼ®: _ÀÌ°Í_Àº µ¿¹°µé, ±×µéÀÇ ¸ÔÀÌ, ³óÀå º¸±ÞÇ°, ³óÀå ±â°è ±×¸®°í ³óÀåÀÇ »ý»êÇ°À» º¸°üÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ÀÏÁ¾ÀÇ °Ç¹°À» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ¶§¶§·Î _ÀÌ°Í_Àº °ÇÃÊ¿Í °î¹°À» ÀúÀåÇϱâ À§Çؼ­µµ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. _ÀÌ°Í_ÀÇ Çʿ伺Àº Æ®·¢ÅÍ¿Í Àü±âÀÇ µµÀÔÀ¸·Î °¨¼ÒÇß´Ù. ÀüÅëÀûÀ¸·Î, _ÀÌ°Í_À» Áþ´Â µ¥´Â ¸ñÀç°¡ »ç¿ëµÇ¾úÁö¸¸ ¼¼°è Á¦2Â÷ ´ëÀü ÀÌÈķΠƯÈ÷ ºÏ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«¿Í À¯·´ ±¹°¡µéÀÇ Å« ³óÀå¿¡¼­ öÆÇ°ú ¾Ë·ç¹Ì´½ÀÌ Á¡Á¡ ´õ ÀÌ¿ëµÇ¾î ¿Ô´Ù. _ÀÌ°Í_Àº ´ë°³ ÀÌÃþÀ¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î Àִµ¥, ù ¹ø° ÃþÀº µ¿¹°µéÀ̳ª ±â°èµéÀ» º¸°üÇÏ°í, µÎ ¹ø° ÃþÀº °ÇÃʳª °î¹°À» ÀúÀåÇϱâ À§ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) µ¿¹°, ³óÀå º¸±ÞÇ°, ³óÀå ±â°è, ³óÀåÀÇ »ý»êÇ° µîÀ» º¸°üÇÏ´Â °÷Àº ¨ç ¡®Çê°£¡¯ÀÌ´Ù. ¨è ¿ÀµÎ¸· ¨é Â÷°í ¨ê dzÂ÷ ¨ë °øÀå (±¸¹®) This usually consists of two stories, _the first (story)_ to shelter animals or machines and the _second (story)_ to store hay or grain.: the first¿Í the second µÚ¿¡´Â ¹Ýº¹µÇ´Â ¸í»ç story°¡ »ý·«µÇ¾ú´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * refer to: ~À» ¸»ÇÏ´Ù, ¾ð±ÞÇÏ´Ù * shelter: º¸È£ÇÏ´Ù, ¸Ó¹°°Ô ÇÏ´Ù * supplies: º¸±ÞÇ° * machinery: ±â°è·ù * decline: ¶³¾îÁö´Ù, Ç϶ôÇÏ´Ù * sheet steel: µÎ²² 3mm ¹Ì¸¸ÀÇ ¾Ð¿¬µÈ °­ÆÇ * story: (°Ç¹°ÀÇ) Ãþ 29. Çؼ®: § °ÍÀ̵ç ÀμâÇÑ °ÍÀ̵ç, ¸ÚÁø ³ØŸÀ̴ óÀ½ºÎÅÍ ³¡±îÁö ÇϳªÀÇ ¿¹¼ú ÀÛÇ°ÀÌ´Ù. § ½ÇÅ© ³ØŸÀÌ°¡ ¸ðµç °Í Áß¿¡¼­ °¡Àå È­·ÁÇÏ´Ù. ¿À´Ã³¯¿¡´Â ´ú ÈçÇϱâ´Â ÇÏÁö¸¸, ÇѶ§ _±×°Íµé_Àº ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ ½Å»çÀÇ ÇʼöÀûÀÎ Àå½Å±¸¿´´Ù. ±×°ÍµéÀÇ ³ôÀº Á¦Á¶ ºñ¿ë ¶§¹®¿¡, § ½ÇÅ© ³ØŸÀÌ´Â ¸Å¿ì ºñ½Î´Ù. ÀÌ´Â _±×°Íµé_ÀÌ ÇöÀç ³ØŸÀÌ »ý»êÀÇ ´ÜÁö 5ÆÛ¼¾Æ®¿¡¸¸ ÇØ´çµÈ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ºÎºÐÀûÀ¸·Î ¼³¸íÇØ ÁØ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª _±×°Íµé_Àº °áÄÚ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ¾ø¾îÁöÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀ̸ç, ÁÖ±âÀûÀ¸·Î ´Ù½Ã ³ªÅ¸³¯ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀμâµÈ ½ÇÅ© ³ØŸÀÌ´Â _±×°Íµé_ÀÇ »ó´ëÀΠ§ ³ØŸÀ̺¸´Ù ÈξÀ ´õ ½Î°í ´Ü¼øÇÏ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ½ÇÅ© Àμâ´Â ³ôÀº ¼öÁØÀÇ Àü¹®ÀûÀÎ ¼÷´ÞÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÑ´Ù. (Çؼ³) 13ÂÊ ÀμâµÈ ½ÇÅ© ³ØŸÀÌ(printed silk ties)¸¦ °¡¸®Å²´Ù. (±¸¹®) This in part accounts for the fact _that_ they now represent only five percent of tie production.: that ¡¦ productionÀº Àǹ̻ó the fact¿Í µ¿°ÝÀ» ÀÌ·ç´Â ¸í»çÀýÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * luxurious: »çÄ¡½º·¯¿î, È­·ÁÇÑ * essential: ÇʼöÀûÀÎ * accessory: ¾×¼¼¼­¸®, ºÎ¼ÓÇ°, Àå½Å±¸ * account for: ¼³¸íÇÏ´Ù * fall by the wayside: ³«¿ÀÇÏ´Ù, Áßµµ¿¡¼­ ´Ü³äÇÏ´Ù * periodic: ÁÖ±âÀûÀÎ * comeback: º¹±Í * counterpart: ´ëÀÀ¹°, »ó´ë¹° * mastery: ¼÷´Þ 30. Çؼ®: Áö±¸´Â Å©°í, µÕ±Ù Ç༺ÀÌ´Ù. Áö±¸¸¦ ÀüºÎ º¸±â À§Çؼ­´Â, ¿ìÁÖ¼±À» Ÿ°í Áö±¸ ÁÖÀ§¸¦ µ¹¾Æ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, _ÀÌ°Í_ ´öºÐ¿¡, ¿ì¸®´Â ±×·¸°Ô ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Æµµ µÈ´Ù. Ã౸°øó·³ »ý±ä _ÀÌ°Í_Àº Áö±¸¸¦ ÆòÆòÇÑ ¸ð¾çÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó µÕ±Ù ¸ð¾çÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³»¸ç, ¿ìÁÖ °ø°£¿¡¼­ º¸¾ÒÀ» ¶§ Áö±¸°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô »ý°å´ÂÁö¸¦ º¸¿© ÁØ´Ù. _ÀÌ°Í_Àº °Å¸®, ¹æÇâ, ±×¸®°í Áö±¸»óÀÇ ¿©·¯ Áö¿ªµéÀÇ ¸ð¾ç°ú Å©±â¸¦ º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. _ÀÌ°Í_Àº ¶ÇÇÑ Á᫐ ºÎºÐÀ» µ¹¾Æ ¼öÆòÀ¸·Î ±×°ÍÀ» µÎ ºÎºÐÀ¸·Î ³ª´©´Â ¼±À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿© ¸¹Àº ¼±µéÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¡®ÀÌ°ÍÀº Ã౸°øó·³ »ý°Ü¼­ Áö±¸¸¦ µÕ±Û°Ô ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.¡¯, ¡®ÀÌ°ÍÀº °Å¸®, ¹æÇâ, Áö±¸»óÀÇ Áö¿ªµéÀÇ ¸ð¾ç°ú Å©±â¸¦ º¸¿© ÁØ´Ù.¡¯, ¡®ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¶ÇÇÑ Áß¾ÓÀ» °¡·ÎÁö¸£´Â ¼±À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ¼ö¸¹Àº ¼±À» °¡Áø´Ù¡¯ µîÀÇ ³»¿ëÀÌ Àü°³µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ³»¿ëÀ» Á¾ÇÕÇßÀ» ¶§ ¹ØÁ٠ģ this°¡ °¡¸®Å°´Â °ÍÀº ¨ë ¡®Áö±¸º»¡¯ÀÓÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¨ç µµÇ¥ ¨è Àú¿ï ¨é ³ªÄ§¹Ý ¨ê À§¼º (±¸¹®) _Shaped like a soccer ball_, this represents Earth as round rather than flat, ~.: Shaped ¡¦ ballÀº ºÐ»ç±¸¹®À¸·Î, Àǹ̻óÀÇ ÁÖ¾î´Â ÁÖÀýÀÇ ÁÖ¾îÀÎ thisÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * planet: Ç༺ * spacecraft: ¿ìÁÖ¼± * horizontally: ¼öÆòÀ¸·Î 31. Çؼ®: ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀº _´«¼ÛÀÌ_´Â °áºùµÈ ¹° °áÁ¤Ã¼À̱⠶§¹®¿¡ (±×°ÍÀº) ½Ç³»¿¡¼­ ¸î ºÐ ÀÌ»óÀº Áö¼ÓµÉ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ´«¼ÛÀ̸¦ Àâ¾Æ¼­ _±×°Í_À» ¿µ¿øÈ÷ º¸°üÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. È­ÇÐÀÚ Tryggvi Emlisson¿¡ µû¸£¸é, ¡®ÃÊ°­·Â Á¢ÂøÁ¦¡¯°¡ ÀÌ·± ÀÏÀ» ÇÏ´Â µ¥ »ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº _±×°Í_ÀÌ(ÃÊ°­·Â Á¢ÂøÁ¦) ´ê´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» µüµüÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µå´Â Ư¼öÇÑ ºÐÀÚµéÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â ¹±Àº Á¡¾×ÁúÀÇ Á¢ÂøÁ¦ÀÌ´Ù. ±× »ç½ÇÀ» ¿°µÎ¿¡ µÎ°í, EmlissonÀº 1979³â 1¿ù¿¡ ÇϳªÀÇ ´«¼ÛÀ̸¦ °¡Áö°í ½ÇÇèÀ» Çß´Ù. ±×´Â ´«¼ÛÀ̸¦ °¡Á®´Ù°¡ ¡®ÃÊ°­·Â Á¢ÂøÁ¦¡¯ ÇÑ ¹æ¿ï ¼Ó¿¡ _±×°Í_À» ³Ö°í ¼ö½Ê ³â µ¿¾È ±×°ÍÀ» º¸°üÇß´Ù. ÃÖ±Ù¿¡µµ ±×´Â _±×°Í_ÀÌ Àß º¸Á¸µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¨ç, ¨è, ¨ê, ¨ë ´Â ´«¼ÛÀÌ(snowflake)¸¦ °¡¸®Å°Áö¸¸, ¨é Àº ÃÊ°­·Â Á¢ÂøÁ¦(superglue)¸¦ °¡¸®Å²´Ù. (±¸¹®) He _took_ a snowflake, _locked_ it in a drop of the ¡®superglue,¡¯ and _kept_ it for decades.: µ¿»ç took, locked, kept°¡ Á¢¼Ó»ç and¿¡ ÀÇÇØ º´·Ä ±¸Á¶·Î ¿¬°áµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * superglue ÃÊ°­·Â Á¢ÂøÁ¦ * thin ¹±Àº * runny Á¡¾×ÁúÀÇ * do an experiment ½ÇÇèÀ» ÇÏ´Ù * for decades ¼ö½Ê ³â µ¿¾È * preserve º¸Á¸ÇÏ´Ù, À¯ÁöÇÏ´Ù 14ÂÊ ^[02°­ ¾î¹ý º»¹® 16~30ÂÊ 1. ¨ê 2. ¨è 3. ¨è 4. ¨é 5. ¨ë 6. ¨è 7. ¨ë 8. ¨ê 9. ¨è 10. ¨é 11. ¨é 12. ¨ë 13. ¨ê 14. ¨ë 15. ¨ê 16. ¨ç 17. ¨ç 18. ¨ë 19. ¨ç 20. ¨ë 21. ¨ê 22. ¨é 23. ¨ë 24. ¨è 25. ¨é 26. ¨é 27. ¨ç 28. ¨é 29. ¨é 30. ¨ê 31. ¨ê 32. ¨é 33. ¨è 34. ¨ê 35. ¨é 36. ¨ë 37. ¨è 38. ¨ë 39. ¨è 40. ¨ë 41. ¨ç 42. ¨è 43. ¨è 44. ¨ê 1. Çؼ®: 3°³¿ù Àü¿¡ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô °ø±ÞµÈ ¼¼Å¹±âÀÇ ¼ö¸®¿¡ ´ëÇØ Áö³­ ¿ù¿äÀÏ¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´ø ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ³íÀǸ¦ ±â¾ïÇÏ°í Àֱ⸦ ¹Ù¶ø´Ï´Ù. ±× ±â°è°¡ ´õ ÀÌ»ó ÀÛµ¿ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ¸»ÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾î À¯°¨ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¸¸³µÀ» ¶§ ÇÕÀÇÇÑ ¹Ù¿Í °°ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÑ ÇÑ »¡¸® ±×°ÍÀ» ¼ö¸®ÇÒ ¼­ºñ½º ±â»ç¸¦ º¸³» Áֽñ⠹ٶø´Ï´Ù. Á¦Ç° º¸Áõ¼­¿¡´Â ±Í»ç¿¡¼­ ¿©ºÐÀÇ ºÎÇ°°ú Àç·áµéÀº ¹«·á·Î Á¦°øÇÏÁö¸¸, ±â»çÀÇ ³ëµ¿¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â ºñ¿ëÀ» ºÎ°úÇÑ´Ù°í µÇ¾î ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ºÎ´çÇÑ °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù. Àú´Â ±â°èÀÇ °íÀåÀÌ Á¦Á¶ °áÇÔ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¹ß»ýÇÑ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¹Ï½À´Ï´Ù. óÀ½ºÎÅÍ ±×°ÍÀº ¸¹Àº ¼ÒÀ½À» ³ÂÀ¸¸ç, ³ªÁß¿¡ ±×°ÍÀº ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ÀÛµ¿À» ¸ØÃß¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. °áÇÔÀ» °íÃÄ ÁÖ´Â °ÍÀº ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î ȸ»çÀÇ Ã¥ÀÓÀ̹ǷÎ, ¼ö¸®ÀÇ ³ëµ¿·Â ºÎºÐ¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­µµ ±× ºñ¿ëÀ» ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ÁöºÒÇÏ°Ô ÇÏÁö ¸¶½Ã±â¸¦ ¹Ù¶ø´Ï´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¨ê ¹®¸Æ»ó ¡®ÀÛµ¿À» ¸ØÃß´Ù¡¯ÀÇ Àǹ̰¡ µÇ¾î¾ß ÇϹǷΠto operate¸¦ operatingÀ¸·Î °íÃÄ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. stopped to operate´Â ¡®ÀÛµ¿Çϱâ À§ÇØ ¸ØÃß´Ù¡¯·Î Çؼ®µÈ´Ù. ¨ç ¼ö½ÄÀ» ¹Þ´Â ¸í»ç(the washing machine)´Â supply°¡ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â µ¿ÀÛÀÇ ´ë»óÀ¸·Î Çؼ®µÇ¹Ç·Î °ú°ÅºÐ»ç supplied´Â ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨è thatÀº µ¿»ç saysÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾îÀÎ ¸í»çÀýÀ» À̲ô´Â Á¢¼Ó»çÀ̹ǷΠÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨é sounds´Â ÁÖ¾îÀÇ º¸Ãæ¾î¸¦ ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÏ´Â µ¿»çÀε¥, ÁÖ¾îÀÇ º¸Ãæ¾î·Î Çü¿ë»ç°¡ »ç¿ëµÇ¹Ç·Î unfair´Â ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ë make´Â »ç¿ªµ¿»ç·Î ¸ñÀû¾îÀÇ º¸Ãæ¾î¸¦ ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÏ´Â µ¿»çÀÌ´Ù. us°¡ payÀÇ ÇàÀ§ÀÚ·Î Çؼ®µÇ¹Ç·Î ¿øÇüºÎÁ¤»ç¸¦ ¸ñÀû¾îÀÇ º¸Ãæ¾î·Î »ç¿ëÇÑ °ÍÀº ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) _As it_ is wholly the company's responsibility _to correct the defect_, I hope you will not make us pay for the labor component of its repair.: As ¡¦ defect´Â ÀÌÀ¯¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ºÎ»çÀý·Î, itÀº Çü½Ä»óÀÇ ÁÖ¾îÀÌ°í to correct the defect°¡ ³»¿ë»óÀÇ ÁÖ¾îÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * servicing: ¼ö¸®, Á¤ºñ * warranty: º¸Áõ¼­, ´ãº¸ * spare: ¿©ºÐÀÇ * manufacture: Á¦Á¶ÇÏ´Ù * defect: °áÇÔ, °áÁ¡ * entirely: ¿ÏÀüÈ÷, ¾ÆÁÖ * wholly: ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î, ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ * component: ºÎºÐ, ±¸¼º ¿ä¼Ò 2. Çؼ®: Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀº ¹Ù·Î »ê¼ÒÀÌ´Ù. ¿ª¼³ÀûÀÌ°Ôµµ, ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô »ý¸íÀ» ÁÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ °á±¹ ±×°Í(»ý¸í)À» Á×ÀδÙ. ±Ã±ØÀûÀÎ »ý¸í·ÂÀº ¿ì¸®°¡ µéÀ̽¬´Â °ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç »ê¼Ò¸¦ Å¿ì´Â, ¹ÌÅäÄܵ帮¾Æ¶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â ¾ÆÁÖ ÀÛÀº ¿¡³ÊÁö ¼¼Æ÷ °øÀå¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª È£Èí¿¡´Â ´ë°¡°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ì¸®¸¦ »ì¾ÆÀÖ°Ô ÇÏ°í È°µ¿ÀûÀÎ »óÅ·ΠÀ¯Áö½ÃÄÑ ÁÖ´Â »ê¼Ò ¿¬¼Ò´Â È°¼º »ê¼Ò¶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â ºÎ»ê¹°À» ³»º¸³½´Ù. ±×°Íµé(È°¼º»ê¼Ò)Àº Áöų ¹Ú»ç¿Í ÇÏÀÌµå ¾¾ÀÇ Æ¯Â¡À» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù(¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ ÀÌÁßÀûÀΠƯ¡À» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù). ÇÑÆíÀ¸·Î, ±×°ÍµéÀº ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »ýÁ¸ º¸ÀåÀ» µ½´Â´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, °¨¿°¿ø°ú ½Î¿ö ¹°¸®Ä¡±â À§ÇØ ½Åü°¡ µ¿¿øµÉ ¶§, ±×°Í(½Åü)Àº ħÀÔÀÚµéÀ» ¸Å¿ì È¿À²ÀûÀ¸·Î Æı«Çϱâ À§ÇØ ÇѹÙÅÁ È°¼º »ê¼Ò¸¦ »ý»êÇÑ´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ ÇÑÆíÀ¸·Î, È°¼º »ê¼Ò´Â ÅëÁ¦ÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ» Á¤µµ·Î ½Åü¸¦ µ¹¾Æ´Ù´Ï¸é¼­ ¼¼Æ÷¸¦ °ø°ÝÇÏ°í, ¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ ´Ü¹éÁúÀ» ºÎ½Ä½ÃÅ°°í, ¼¼Æ÷¸·À» ¶Õ°í ¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ À¯Àü ¾ÏÈ£¸¦ º¯Áú½ÃÄÑ ¸¶Ä§³» ±× ¼¼Æ÷´Â Á¦´ë·Î ±â´ÉÀ» ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ°Ô µÇ°í ¶§·Î´Â Æ÷±âÇÏ¿© Á×¾î¹ö¸°´Ù. º¸È£ÀÚÀÎ µ¿½Ã¿¡ º¸º¹ÀÚ·Î »ý¸íüÀÇ ÀϺΰ¡ µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ÀÌ·± »ç³ª¿î È°¼º »ê¼Ò´Â ³ëÈ­ÀÇ °­·ÂÇÑ µ¿ÀÎÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¨è ¹®Àå¿¡´Â ½ÃÁ¦¿Í ¼ö, ±×¸®°í ÀÎĪÀÌ Ç¥½ÃµÇ´Â µ¿»ç°¡ ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. The combustion of oxygen ¡¦ and active°¡ ÁÖ¾îÀ̹ǷΠsendingÀ» µ¿»çÀÎ sends·Î °íÃÄ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¨ç thatÀº tiny cellular factories of energy¸¦ ¼±Çà»ç·Î ÃëÇÏ°í °ü°èÀý¿¡¼­ ÁÖ¾î ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ´Â °ü°è»çÀÌ´Ù. ¨é toºÎÁ¤»çÀÎ to fight´Â ¸ñÀûÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»¾î µ¿»ç mobilizes¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÑ´Ù. ¨ê µ¿»ç move¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇϹǷΠºÎ»çÀÎ uncontrollably¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¨ë Àǹ̻ó ÁÖ¾îÀÎ These fierce radicals´Â build°¡ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â µ¿ÀÛÀÇ ´ë»óÀ̹ǷΠ°ú°ÅºÐ»ç built¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (±¸¹®) 15ÂÊ (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * combustion: ¿¬¼Ò * mobilize: µ¿¿øµÇ´Ù * infectious agent: °¨¿°¿ø(Àü¿°º´ÀÇ º´¿øü) * burst: ÇѹÙÅÁ ÅͶ߸² * uncontrollably: ÅëÁ¦ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø°Ô * pierce: ¶Õ´Ù * genetic code: À¯Àü ¾ÏÈ£ * dysfunctional: Á¦´ë·Î ±â´ÉÀ» ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â * avenger: º¸º¹ÀÚ * agent: µ¿ÀÎ, ¿äÀÎ 3. Çؼ®: 5,000Æò¹æÇÇÆ®ÀÇ ÁýÀ» ä¿ü´ø ¹°°ÇµéÀ» 2,000Æò¹æÇÇÆ®ÀÇ °øµ¿ ÁÖÅÿ¡ ä¿ö ³ÖÀ» ¼ö´Â ¾ø´Ù. ´õ ÀÛÀº Å©±âÀÇ °øµ¿ ÁÖÅÃÀ¸·Î À̻縦 °£´Ù¸é, ±×°ÍÀº ÁÁ´Ù. »ì¸²»ìÀ̵éÀ» óºÐÇÏ°í °øµ¿ ÁÖÅÃÀ» »ç¶ó. Å« Áý¿¡¼­ Áö³­ 20¿© ³âÀ» º¸³»°í °øµ¿ ÁÖÅÃÀ» (»ç·Á°í) »ìÆ캸°í ³ª¼­ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ¸ðµç »ýÈ°À» (°í½º¶õÈ÷) ´õ ÀÛÀº Å©±âÀÇ ÅõÀÚ ´ë»ó(°øµ¿ ÁÖÅÃ)À¸·Î ¿Å±â·Á°í ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ºÎÁú¾ø´Ù. °á±¹ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ±¸ÀÔÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Â °ÍÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ °¡±¸¸¦ º¸°üÇÏ´Â °ªºñ½Ñ â°í°¡ µÇ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ±×·¸°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÈçÈ÷ ÁÂÀý°¨À¸·Î À̾îÁö¸ç, ±×°ÍÀº ´ë°³ À߸øµÈ ÅõÀÚ°¡ µÈ´Ù. »ýÈ°¹æ½ÄÀ» ¹Ù²Ù±â¸¦ ¿øÇÑ´Ù¸é, ±× °áÁ¤À¸·Î ÀÎÇÑ °á°ú¸¦ ¹Þ¾Æµé¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¹°°ÇµéÀ» ¹ö¸®´Â °ÍÀº ¿ÀÁ÷ ªÀº ±â°£ µ¿¾È¸¸ ¸¶À½ ¾ÆÇà »ÓÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) (A) objects¸¦ ¼±Çà»ç·Î ÃëÇÏ¿© ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â °ü°è´ë¸í»ç°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇϹǷΠthatÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (B) µîÀ§Á¢¼Ó»ç and¸¦ ±âÁØÀ¸·Î Get°ú º´·Ä ±¸Á¶¸¦ ÀÌ·ï¾ß ÇϹǷΠbuy°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (C) µ¿¸í»ç±¸(Throwing things out)°¡ ÁÖ¾îÀÏ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ´Ü¼ö µ¿»ç¿Í ¼ö¸¦ ÀÏÄ¡½ÃÄÑ¾ß ÇϹǷΠhurts°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) _To do so_ often leads to frustration because _what_ you wind up purchasing is an expensive warehouse for your furniture, and that is usually the wrong investment.: ¹®ÀåÀÇ ÁÖ¾î´Â To do so·Î ºÎÁ¤»ç±¸´Â ´Ü¼ö Ãë±ÞÇϹǷΠ´Ü¼ö µ¿»ç leads°¡ ¾²¿´´Ù. whatÀº ¼±Çà»ç¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â °ü°è´ë¸í»ç·Î ¡®~ÇÑ °Í¡¯ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * condominium: °øµ¿ ÁÖÅÃ, ¾ÆÆÄÆ® * belongings: ¼ÒÀ¯¹°, Àç»ê * fruitless: ¼º°ú ¾ø´Â, °á½Ç ¾ø´Â * odd: (¼ýÀÚ µÚ¿¡ ½á¼­) ¡¦ ³²ÁþÀÇ * investment: ÅõÀÚ * frustration: ÁÂÀý * wind up -ing: (°á±¹) ~ÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Ù * warehouse: â°í * consequence: °á°ú 4. Çؼ®: µ¿ÅÂÆò¾ç ºÏºÎÀÇ ¸ðÇÇ ¹°°³µéÀÌ Ä¶¸®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ¿¡¼­ ¾Ë·¡½ºÄ«±îÁö ºÏ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«ÀÇ ¿¬¾È¿¡¼­ º¸³»´Â °Ü¿ï µ¿¾È ¾îµð¿¡¼­ ±×¸®°í ¹«¾ùÀ» ¸Ô°í »ç´ÂÁö´Â ¿À·§µ¿¾È ´Ù¼Ò ºÒ°¡»çÀÇÇÑ °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×°ÍµéÀÌ ¾ó¸¶¸¸Å­À̳ª ¸¹ÀÌ Á¤¾î¸®, °íµî¾î ¶Ç´Â ´Ù¸¥ »ó¾÷ÀûÀ¸·Î Áß¿äÇÑ ¾î·ù¸¦ ¸Ô°í »ì°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â Áõ°Å´Â ¾ø´Ù. ÃßÃøÄÁ´ë(¾Æ¸¶µµ), 4¹é¸¸ ¸¶¸®ÀÇ ¹°°³µéÀÌ °°Àº ¾îÁ¾À» ³õ°í »ó¾÷À» ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÏ´Â ¾îºÎµé°ú °æÀïÀ» ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì ±×°ÍÀÌ ¾Ë·ÁÁöÁö(µå·¯³ªÁö) ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö´Â ¾øÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¸ðÇÇ ¹°°³µéÀÇ ¸ÔÀÌ¿¡ °üÇÑ ¾à°£ÀÇ Áõ°Å´Â ÀÖ°í ±×°ÍÀº ´ë´ÜÈ÷ Àǹ̽ÉÀåÇÏ´Ù. ±×µéÀÇ À§¿¡¼­ »ì¾Æ Àִ ä·Î´Â Àý´ë º» ÀûÀÌ ¾ø´Â ÇÑ Á¾ÀÇ ¹°°í±â »À°¡ ³ª¿Ô´Ù. »ç½Ç, ¹°°³µéÀÇ À§¼ÓÀ» Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°í ¾î´À °÷¿¡¼­µµ ±×°ÍÀÇ ÀÜÁ¸¹°Á¶Â÷ ¹ß°ßµÈ ÀûÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ¾î·ùÇÐÀÚµéÀº ÀÌ ¡®¹°°³ ¾î·ù¡¯°¡ ´ë·úºØ °¡ÀåÀÚ¸®¿¡¼­ ¶³¾îÁø ¾ÆÁÖ ±íÀº ¹°¿¡¼­ º¸Åë ¼­½ÄÇÏ´Â ÇÑ Áý´Ü¿¡ ¼ÓÇÑ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. (Çؼ³) (A) spendÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾îÀÎ the winter¸¦ ¼±Çà»ç·Î ÃëÇÏ´Â °ü°è»ç°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇϹǷΠ°ü°è´ë¸í»ç which°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (B) ÀüÄ¡»ç withoutÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î·Î ¸í»ç(±¸)°¡ ¿Í¾ß ÇϹǷΠbeingÀÌ ÀûÀýÇϸç the fact´Â µ¿¸í»ç±¸ being knownÀÇ Àǹ̻ó ÁÖ¾îÀÌ´Ù. (C) ÁÖ¾îÀÇ ÇÙ½ÉÀº remains·Î º¹¼ö ¸í»çÀ̹ǷΠhave¿Í ¼ö¸¦ ÀÏÄ¡½ÃÅ°´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) Their stomachs _have yielded_ the bones of a species of fish _that_ has never been seen alive.: ÇöÀç±îÁö ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡´Â °ú°ÅÀÇ µ¿ÀÛÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»±â À§ÇØ 'have£«°ú°ÅºÐ»ç'ÀÇ ÇöÀç¿Ï·á ½ÃÁ¦°¡ ¾²¿´´Ù. that has ¡¦ alive´Â ¼±Çà»ç a species of fish¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â °ü°èÀýÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * to any great extent: ¾ó¸¶¸¸Å­À̳ª ¸¹ÀÌ * sardine: Á¤¾î¸® * mackerel: °íµî¾î * presumably: ÃßÃøÄÁ´ë, ¾Æ¸¶µµ * compete: °æÀïÇÏ´Ù * significant: Àǹ̽ÉÀåÇÑ, Áß´ëÇÑ * yield: »êÃâÇÏ´Ù * remains: ÀÜÁ¸¹°, ÀÜÇØ, À¯Àû * inhabit: ~¿¡ »ì´Ù, °ÅÁÖÇÏ´Ù, ¼­½ÄÇÏ´Ù * continental shelf: ´ë·úºØ 16ÂÊ (Çؼ³) ¨ë µ¿»ç°¡ ÀüÄ¡»ç µÚ¿¡¼­ ¸ñÀû¾î·Î ¾²ÀÌ¸é µ¿¸í»çÀÇ ÇüÅ°¡ µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ find¸¦ findingÀ¸·Î °íÃÄ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¨ç Á־ itÀ̹ǷΠÁÖ¾î¿Í ¼ö°¡ ÀÏÄ¡Çϵµ·Ï ´Ü¼ö µ¿»ç becomes°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨è 'beµ¿»ç£«being£«°ú°ÅºÐ»ç'´Â ÁøÇàÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ °¡Áö´Â ¼öµ¿Å ±¸¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ¨é thatÀº ¼±Çà»ç a problemÀ» ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â °ü°èÀý(that you ¡¦ solving)À» À̲ô´Â ¸ñÀû°Ý °ü°è´ë¸í»çÀÌ´Ù. ¨ê either´Â ºÎÁ¤¹®¿¡¼­ ¡®¿ª½Ã, ¶ÇÇÑ¡¯ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. ±àÁ¤¹®¿¡¼­´Â too°¡ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. (±¸¹®) Make constant efforts until everyone _(whom) you explain your idea to_ understands it.: you explain your idea to´Â ¾Õ¿¡ ¸ñÀû°Ý °ü°è´ë¸í»ç whomÀÌ »ý·«µÈ ÇüÅ·Π¼±Çà»ç everyoneÀ» ¼ö½ÄÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * colleague: Á÷Àå µ¿·á * consumer: °í°´, ¼ÒºñÀÚ * constant: ²÷ÀÓ¾ø´Â * effort: ³ë·Â * this is all to do with: ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ~À» À§ÇØ ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ ÀüºÎÀÌ´Ù 6. Çؼ®: À½¾ÇÀÌ ½ÅüÀû, Á¤½ÅÀû ±â¼úÀ» Çâ»ó½ÃÅ°´Â °Í °°´Ù´Â Á¡À» °í·ÁÇϸé, À½¾ÇÀÌ ÀÛ¾÷ ¼öÇà¿¡ ÇØ·Î¿î »óȲÀÌ ÀÖÀ»±î? ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ »ó´çÈ÷ Áß¿äÇÑ Àǹ̸¦ °®´Â ÇÑ ¿µ¿ªÀº ÀáÀçÀûÀ¸·Î À½¾ÇÀÌ ¾ÈÀüÇÏ°Ô ¿îÀüÇÏ´Â ´É·Â¿¡ ¹ÌÄ¡´Â ÇØ·Î¿î ¿µÇâÀÌ´Ù. ½Ã²ô·´°í ºü¸¥ À½¾Ç°ú ³­ÆøÇÑ ¿îÀü »çÀÌÀÇ ¿¬°ü¼ºÀ» Á¦½ÃÇÏ´Â Áõ°Å°¡ Àִµ¥, ÀÌ·± ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ¿îÀüÇÏ´Â µ¥ ´ëÇÑ À½¾ÇÀÇ ¿µÇâ·ÂÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô ¼³¸íµÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î? ÇÑ °¡Áö °¡´É¼ºÀº ¿îÀüÀÚ°¡ À½¾Ç¿¡ À־ ¹ÚÀÚÀÇ ±ÔÄ¢¼º¿¡ ÀûÀÀÇÑ´Ù´Â °Í, ±×¸®°í ±×µéÀÇ ¼Óµµ°¡ ±×¿¡ µû¶ó ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ´Â´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ´Ù½Ã ¸»ÇØ, º¸´Ù ºü¸¥ À½¾ÇÀÌ »ç¶÷µé·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ´õ »¡¸® À½½ÄÀ» ¸Ôµµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â °Í°ú ²À ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î, º¸´Ù ºü¸¥ À½¾ÇÀº »ç¶÷µé·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý °è¼Ó ¹Ýº¹µÇ´Â À½¾Ç ±¸Á¶¿¡ Á¤½ÅÀû, ½ÅüÀûÀ¸·Î ¸Â¹°¸®¸é¼­ ´õ ºü¸¥ ¼Óµµ·Î ¿îÀüÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¨è À̾îÁö´Â ¹®ÀåÀÌ ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ±¸Á¶À̹ǷΠ°ü°è´ë¸í»ç which¸¦ °ü°èºÎ»ç where·Î °íÃÄ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¨ç ¡®ÇطοÀ̶ó´Â ¶æÀ» °¡Áö´Â Çü¿ë»ç·Î¼­ ÁÖ¾îÀÇ »óŸ¦ ¼³¸íÇÏ´Â º¸¾îÀÌ´Ù. ¨é Àǹ®»ç how°¡ À̲ô´Â Àǹ®¹®ÀÇ ÁÖ¾î´Â music's ability ¡¦ this wayÀÌ°í µ¿»ç´Â might be explainedÀÌ´Ù. Àǹ®¹®À̹ǷΠmight°¡ ÁÖ¾î ¾ÕÀ¸·Î µµÄ¡µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¨ê Á¢¼Ó»ç thatÀÌ À̲ô´Â ¸í»çÀý that their speed ¡¦ accordingly¿Í that drivers ¡¦ musicÀÌ º´·Ä ±¸Á¶¸¦ ÀÌ·ç¾î µ¿»ç isÀÇ º¸¾î·Î »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¨ë 'just as ~, so ¡¦(¡¦ÇÏ´Â °Í°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î ±×·¸°Ô ¡¦ÇÏ´Ù)' ±¸¹®ÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. (±¸¹®) _Given that_ music appears to enhance physical and mental skills, are there circumstances _where_ music is damaging to performance?: Given that ~Àº ¡®~À» °í·ÁÇϸ顯ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. °ü°èºÎ»ç where°¡ À̲ô´Â °ü°èÀý(where ¡¦ performance)Àº ¼±Çà»ç circumstances¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * enhance: Çâ»ó½ÃÅ°´Ù * domain: ºÐ¾ß * of significance: Áß¿äÇÑ * association: ¿¬°ü¼º * reckless: ³­ÆøÇÑ, ¹«¸ðÇÑ * adjust: ÀûÀÀÇÏ´Ù * regularity: ±ÔÄ¢¼º * ongoing: °è¼Ó ÁøÇà ÁßÀÎ 7. 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ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¿¬±ØÀ» ¿µÈ­È­ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¿µÈ­ÀÇ ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ µ¶Æ¯ÇÔ, Áï Ä«¸Þ¶óÀÇ °³ÀÔ, ´Ù½Ã ¸»ÇØ ±×°ÍÀÇ ½Ã°¢Àû ±âµ¿¼ºÀÇ ¹ßÀüÀ» Á¶ÀåÇÏÁö ¸øÇß´Ù. ÁٰŸ®, µîÀåÀι°, ´ëÈ­ÀÇ °ø±Þ¿øÀ¸·Î¼­ ¼Ò¼³ÀÌ ´õ ÀûÇÕÇØ º¸¿´´Ù. ¿µÈ­ÀÇ Ãʱ⠼º°øÀÛÀÇ ´Ù¼ö°¡ À¯¸í ¼Ò¼³À» °¢»öÇÑ °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. (Çؼ³) 18ÂÊ ¨ç ÁÖ¾î´Â Adapting novelsÀε¥, µ¿¸í»ç ÁÖ¾î´Â ´Ü¼ö Ãë±ÞÇϹǷΠbeµ¿»ç¸¦ is·Î ¾´ °ÍÀº ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨è º¹¼öÀÇ ¸·¿¬ÇÑ ´Ù¸¥ °ÍµéÀ» °¡¸®Å³ ¶§ 'other+º¹¼ö ¸í»ç'¸¦ ¾²´Âµ¥, ¿©±â¿¡¼­µµ ¿µÈ­¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇÑ ´Ù¸¥ À帣µéÀ» °¡¸®Å² °ÍÀ¸·Î other¸¦ ¾²´Â °ÍÀº ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ê did not encourage°¡ µ¿»çÀ̹ǷÎ, ¹®Àå¿¡ Á־ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ µ¿¸í»ç±¸ filming playsÀÇ ÇüÅ·Π¾²´Â °ÍÀº ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ë seemedÀÇ º¸¾îÀ̹ǷΠÇü¿ë»ç suitableÀ» ¾²´Â °ÍÀº ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) _Being a hybrid art as well as a late one_, film has always been in a dialogue with other narrative genres.: Being ¡¦ oneÀº filmÀ» Àǹ̻ó ÁÖ¾î·Î ÇÏ´Â ºÐ»ç±¸¹®À¸·Î, Since(As) it is ¡¦ oneÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²ã ¾µ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * take ¡¦ for granted: ~À» ´ç¿¬½ÃÇÏ´Ù * recycling: ÀçÈ°¿ë * adapt: °¢»ö(°³ÀÛ)ÇÏ´Ù; ÀûÀÀÇÏ´Ù * respectable: Á¸°æÇÒ ¸¸ÇÑ * novelization: ¼Ò¼³È­ * barbarous: »ó½º·¯¿î, ¾ß¸¸ÀûÀÎ * hybrid: È¥ÇÕ, ÀâÁ¾ * potent: À¯·ÂÇÑ, °­ÇÑ * illusionist: ¸¶¼ú»ç * correspond to: ~¿Í ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Ù * distinctive: µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ * intervention: °³ÀÔ * mobility: ±âµ¿·Â, À¯µ¿¼º * plot: ÁٰŸ® * adaptation: °¢»ö, °³ÀÛ 11. Çؼ®: óÀ½À¸·Î ÀÏÀÏ ¸¶°¨¿¡ ¸ÂÃç º¸µµÇß´ø °ÍÀÌ ¾î¶®´ÂÁö ±â¾ïÇϽʴϱî? ȤÀº óÀ½À¸·Î ½Ã °ø¹«¿øÀ» ÀÎÅͺäÇß´ø °ÍÀº¿ä? ȤÀº ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ ÃâÆÇ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ´Ù·ç±â ½ÃÀÛÇß´ø °ÍÀÌ ¾î¶²Áö¸¦ ±â¾ïÇϼ¼¿ä? ¿ì¸® ´ëÇÐÀÇ ¾ð·ÐÇÐ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ ÀÌ·± ¸¹Àº ù °æÇèµéÀÇ ¿øõÀ̾ú´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¿ì¸®´Â ¾Ë°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ÀÌ·± Áß¿äÇÑ Ã¹ °æÇèµéÀ» ÀþÀº ½ÅÁø ÀÛ°¡µé°ú ÆíÁýÀڵ鿡°Ô Á¦°øÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í ´ç½ÅÀÌ ÀÌ ÇлýµéÀÌ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ³¡³¾ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ±â²¨ÀÌ µµ¿ÍÁֱ⸦ ¹Ù¶ó°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¾Æ½Ã´Ù½ÃÇÇ, ÃÖ°í ¼öÁØÀÇ ±³À°À» Á¦°øÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ºñ¿ëÀº °è¼Ó ¿À¸£°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â (±³À°ÀÇ) ÁúÀ» ¼Õ»óÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é¼­ ºñ¿ëÀ» ¾ïÁ¦Çϱâ À§ÇØ ¿ì¸®°¡ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç ÀÏÀ» ´ÙÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯ÇÑ °Í Áß Çϳª°¡ Ưº°ÇÑ ÀçÁ¤Àû Áö¿øÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ÇлýµéÀ» À§ÇØ ÀåÇбâ±ÝÀ» ¼³¸³ÇÏ´Â ÀÏÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¿ì¸®´Â ´ç½ÅÀÌ ±× ±â±Ý¿¡ ÈÄÇÏ°Ô ±âºÎÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» °í·ÁÇØ Áֽñ⠹ٶø´Ï´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀÌ ÀÌ ºÐ¾ß¿¡¼­ ¹Ì·¡ÀÇ ÁöµµÀÚ ¾ç¼º ÈÄ¿øÀ» µ½°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Æ½Ã¸é Á¤¸» ±âºÐÀÌ ÁÁ¾ÆÁú °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. (Çؼ³) (A) ¸í»ç±¸ these firsts¿¡ ¿¬°áµÇ¹Ç·Î ¼¿ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¸í»ç ¾Õ¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¼ö·®Çü¿ë»ç many°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (B) we can (do)Àº anythingÀ» ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â °ü°èÀýÀÌ°í, ¹®Àå Àüü¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â toºÎÁ¤»ç°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇϹǷΠ¡®~Çϱâ À§Çؼ­¡¯ÀÇ Àǹ̷Π»ç¿ëÇÑ to containÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (C) ´ÙÀ½¿¡ À̾îÁö´Â ÀýÀ» ¸ñÀû¾î·Î ÃëÇϸ鼭, ÁÖÀý¿¡ ¿¬°áµÇ´Â ºÐ»ç±¸¹®ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇϹǷΠ´Éµ¿ÀÇ Àǹ̷Π»ç¿ëµÇ´Â ÇöÀçºÐ»ç knowingÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) And we're hoping you'll be willing to _help_ these students _make_ it through the program.: help´Â µÚ¿¡ '¸ñÀû¾î + (to)µ¿»ç¿øÇü'ÀÌ ¿À¸ç, ¿©±â¼­´Â make ¾Õ¿¡ to°¡ »ý·«µÈ °ÍÀ¸·Î º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * maneuver: ±âµ¿½ÃÅ°´Ù, ±³¹¦È÷ ´Ù·ç´Ù * desktop publishing program: ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ ÃâÆÇ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ * budding: ½ÅÁøÀÇ, ½ÏÀÌ Æ®´Â * compromise: ÈѼÕÇÏ´Ù, ŸÇùÇÏ´Ù * generously: ÈÄÇÏ°Ô * profession: (ƯÈ÷ ¸¹Àº ±³À°ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ Àü¹®ÀûÀÎ) Á÷¾÷, (ƯÁ¤ Á÷Á¾) Á¾»çÀÚµé, -°è(Í£) 12. Çؼ®: ¿À´Ã³¯ ±â¼ú Çõ½ÅÀÇ ¼¼°è´Â ÇÑ ¼¼±â Àü¿¡ ±×°ÍÀÌ ±×·¨´ø °Í°ú´Â ¾ÆÁÖ ´Ù¸£´Ù. È¥ÀÚ¼­ ÀÛ¾÷ÇÏ´Â °íµ¶ÇÑ ¹ß¸í°¡ÀÇ ½Ã´ë´Â Áö³ª°¬´Ù. ¸¹ÀÌ ´Ü¼øÈ­½ÃÄÑ ¸»ÇÏÀÚ¸é, ±âº»Àû ¾ÆÀ̵ð¾îµéÀº ÇÑ Áý´ÜÀÇ ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀÌ ÇÔ²² ÀÏÇÏ´Â ´ëÇаú ½ÇÇè½Ç¿¡¼­ ºÎ±Û°Å¸®¸ç ³ÑÃÄ ³ª¿Â´Ù. »ý¸íüÀÇ À¯ÀüÀÚ ±¸Á¶ÀÇ ÀÌÇØ¿Í °°Àº Áß´ëÇÑ ¹ß°ß°ú ¼öÇÐÀ̳ª ±âÃÊ È­Çп¡¼­ÀÇ Áøº¸¿Í °°Àº º¸´Ù ÀÛÀº ¹ß°ß µÑ ´Ù ±×·¸´Ù. ÀüÅëÀûÀ¸·Î ÁöÀûÀç»ê(±Ç)Àº ±âÃÊ °úÇÐÀÇ ÁõÁø¿¡ ¹Ì¹ÌÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ¿´´Ù. Çаè´Â ¡®°³¹æµÈ ±¸Á¶¡¯¿¡ ¹ÏÀ½À» µÎ°í Àִµ¥, ÀÌ´Â ¿¬±¸°¡ »êÃâÇÑ Áö½ÄÀº Çõ½ÅÀ» Àå·ÁÇϵµ·Ï °ø°³µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. À§´ëÇÑ °úÇÐÀÚµéÀº ¿ìÁÖÀÇ º»ÁúÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÏ·Á´Â ³»ÀûÀΠŽ±¸¿¡ ÀÇÇØ µ¿±â¸¦ ºÎ¿©¹Þ´Â´Ù. ±×µé¿¡°Ô °¡Àå Áß¿ä½ÃµÇ´Â ¿ÜÀçÀû º¸»óÀº µ¿·áÀÇ ÀÎÁ¤ÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¨ë ÁÖ¾îÀÎ the extrinsic reward¿¡ ¿¬°áµÇ´Â µ¿»çÀ̹ǷΠ´Ü¼ö Á־ ÀÏÄ¡½ÃÄÑ is·Î °íÃÄ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¨ç whichÀÇ ¼±Çà»ç´Â universities and laboratoriesÀÌ°í, ¡®´ëÇаú ½ÇÇè½Ç¿¡¼­¡¯ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀ̹ǷΠÀüÄ¡»ç in°ú °áÇÕÇϾî in which·Î »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¨è ¾ÕÀÇ breakthroughs¸¦ ´ë½ÅÇÏ´Â ºÎÁ¤´ë¸í»ç·Î °°Àº ´ë»óÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó °°Àº Á¾·ù¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»¸ç, ¹®¸Æ»ó º¹¼öÇüÀ̹ǷΠones´Â ¾î¹ý¿¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨é ÀüÄ¡»ç in ´ÙÀ½¿¡ µ¿¸í»ç±¸°¡ ¿ÔÀ¸¹Ç·Î ¾î¹ý¿¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ê thatÀº meaningÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ´Â ÀýÀ» À̲ø°í ÀÖ´Â Á¢¼Ó»çÀÌ´Ù. (±¸¹®) Today, the world of innovation is far different from _what_ it was a century ago.: whatÀº ¡®~ÇÑ °Í¡¯ÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ °¡Áø °ü°è»ç·Î fromÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾îÀÎ ¼±Çà»ç¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¸ç °ü°èÀý¿¡¼­´Â wasÀÇ º¸¾î ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) 19ÂÊ * oversimplify: ¸¹ÀÌ ´Ü¼øÈ­½ÃÅ°´Ù * bubble out: ºÎ±ÛºÎ±Û ³ÑÃÄ ³ª¿À´Ù * academia: Çаè * architecture: ±¸Á¶, °ÇÃà ¾ç½Ä * quest: Ž±¸ * extrinsic: ¿ÜÀçÀûÀÎ * recognition: ÀÎÁ¤, ÀÎ½Ä 13. Çؼ®: Deseada´Â ¼Ò ¾ØÆ¿¸®½º Á¦µµ¿¡ ¼ÓÇØ ÀÖ´Â ÀÛÀº ¼¶ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ¼¶Àº Å©¸®½ºÅäÆÛ ÄÝ·³¹ö½º°¡ 1493³â¿¡ ±×ÀÇ µÎ ¹ø° Ç×ÇØ¿¡¼­ À°Áö¸¦ º¸°í ½Í¾î ÇÏ´Â ¿å¸ÁÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ±× À̸§À» ¾ò°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù°í ÀÏÄþîÁø´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ±æÀÌ°¡ 12¸¶ÀÏÀ̸ç ÆøÀÌ 6¸¶ÀÏÀÌ´Ù. ºÏÂÊÀ» ¹Ù¶óº¸°í ÀÖ´Â Áö¿ªÀº ³²ÂÊÀ» ¹Ù¶óº¸°í ÀÖ´Â Áö¿ªº¸´Ù ´õ ³·´Ù. ±× ¼¶¿¡´Â À̱¸¾Æ³ª¿Í fragatas¶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â Á¾ÀÇ »õµéÀÌ ¾ÆÁÖ ¸¹´Ù. ±× ¼¶¿¡´Â ±×°÷¿¡ ¸ÅÀåµÇ¾ú´Ù°í ÃßÁ¤µÇ´Â Àεð¾ðµéÀÇ »À¿Í ¹«±â°¡ µé¾î ÀÖ´Â ±íÀº µ¿±¼ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. 1762³â¿¡ ÀÌ ¼¶Àº ¿µ±¹Àε鿡 ÀÇÇØ Á¡·ÉµÇ¾ú´Âµ¥, ±×µéÀº À̵ëÇØ¿¡ Æĸ® Á¶¾à¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ±×°ÍÀ» ÇÁ¶û½ºÀε鿡°Ô ¹ÝȯÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ±× ÀÌÈÄ·Î °è¼Ó ±×°ÍÀº ÈÄÀÚÀÇ ¼ÒÀ¯¿´´Ù. (Çؼ³) (A) ¹Ù·Î ¾Õ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â the part¸¦ ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Áö½Ã´ë¸í»ç thatÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (B) the Indians¸¦ ¼±Çà»ç·Î ¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Â °ü°è´ë¸í»ç who¿¡ À̾îÁö´Â µ¿»çÀ̹ǷΠº¹¼öÇüÀÎ were°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (C) ´ÙÀ½¿¡ µ¿»ç°¡ À̾îÁö°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î °ü°èÀý¿¡¼­ ÁÖ¾î ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ´Â °ü°è´ë¸í»ç who°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) This island _is said to have obtained_ its name from the desire Christopher Columbus felt of seeing land on his second voyage in 1493.: ÁÖ¾îÀÎ This island°¡ µ¿»ç sayÀÇ ´ë»óÀ¸·Î Çؼ®µÇ¹Ç·Î, ¼öµ¿ÅÂÀÎ is said ÇüŸ¦ ¾²°í ÀÖ´Ù. to have obtained´Â ¿Ï·áÇü ºÎÁ¤»ç·Î ¼ú¾îµ¿»çÀÎ is said°¡ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ½ÃÁ¡º¸´Ù ÀÌÀü¿¡ ÀϾ ÀÏÀ» Ç¥ÇöÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * belong to: ~¿¡ ¼ÓÇÏ´Ù * the Lesser Antilles: ¼Ò ¾ØÆ¿¸®½º Á¦µµ * voyage: Ç×ÇØ * width: Æø, ³Êºñ * abound in: ~ÀÌ ¾ÆÁÖ ¸¹´Ù * cavern: µ¿±¼ * restore: ¹ÝȯÇÏ´Ù * Peace of Paris: Æĸ® Á¶¾à * possession: ¼ÒÀ¯ 14. Çؼ®: ½º³ëŬ¸µÀ» °¡ º» ÀûÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ¿©·¯ºÐÀº Àüü ¹°°í±â ¶¼°¡ ÇϳªÀÇ ´ÜÀÏü·Î °©Àڱ⠹æÇâÀ» ¹Ù²Ù´Â ³î¶ó¿î Àå¸éÀ» º» ÀûÀÌ ÀÖÀ»Áö ¸ð¸¥´Ù. »õ ¶¼µµ ¸¶Âù°¡ÁöÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¸´Ù¸é ±×°ÍµéÀº ¸ðµÎ ÁöµµÀÚ ÇÑ ¸íÀÇ ¸í·ÉÀ» µû¸£°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀΰ¡? ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀº ÁöµµÀÚ³ª ÅëÁ¦ ¼¼·ÂÀº ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¹àÇô³Â´Ù. ¿ÀÈ÷·Á, °³°³ÀÇ ¹°°í±â³ª »õ°¡ (¹°°í±â) ¶¼³ª (»õ) ¹«¸®¿¡¼­ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÌ¿ôµéÀÇ ¿òÁ÷ÀÓ¿¡ °ÅÀÇ Áï°¢ÀûÀ¸·Î ¹ÝÀÀÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¾î¶² °³Ã¼¶óµµ ¹æÇâ Àüȯ°ú °°Àº ¿òÁ÷ÀÓÀ» ½ÃÀÛÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¡®¿òÁ÷ÀÓ ÆÄÀ塯À» ³»º¸³»´Âµ¥, ±×°ÍÀº ³î¶ó¿î ¼Óµµ·Î Áý´Ü »çÀÌ·Î ÆÛÁ® ³ª°£´Ù. °³Ã¼µéÀº Àڽŵ鿡°Ô ´Ù°¡¿À´Â ÆÄÀåÀ» º¸°Å³ª, ȤÀº °¨ÁöÇÒ ¼ö Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡, ±×·¯ÇÑ »çÀü ÅëÁö°¡ ¾ø´Ù¸é ±×·² °Íº¸´Ù ´õ »¡¸® ¹ÝÀÀÇÒ Áغñ°¡ µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô µ¿½Ã¿¡ ÀϾ´Â °Íó·³ º¸ÀÌ´Â °ÍÀÌ ½ÇÁ¦·Î´Â ´«ÀÌ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °Íº¸´Ù ´õ »¡¸® ¿òÁ÷ÀÌ´Â, ÀÏÁ¾ÀÇ ¡°ÀÌ¿ôÀ» µû¸£¶ó¡±¶ó´Â ÇൿÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¨ë µÚµû¸£´Â is°¡ ¹®ÀåÀÇ ¼ú¾îµ¿»çÀ̹ǷΠ¾ÕºÎºÐÀÌ µ¿»ç isÀÇ ÁÖ¾î ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ThatÀ» ¼±Çà»ç¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â °ü°è´ë¸í»ç WhatÀ¸·Î °íÃÄ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¨ç ¡®~ÇßÀ»Áöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù¡¯´Â ¶æÀ¸·Î °ú°Å »ç½Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÃßÃøÀ» Ç¥ÇöÇϱâ À§ÇØ 'may have + °ú°ÅºÐ»ç' ÇüÅ·Π¾²°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¨è ºÎ»ç almost´Â µÚµû¸£´Â ´Ù¸¥ ºÎ»ç instantly¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¨é any´Â Çü¿ë»ç·Î µÚµû¸£´Â ¸í»ç individualÀ» ¼ö½ÄÇÏ¿© ¡®¾î¶²(¾î´À) ~(¶ó)µµ¡¯ÀÇ ¶æÀ» Ç¥ÇöÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¨ê comingÀº ÇöÀçºÐ»ç·Î ¾Õ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â the wave¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (±¸¹®) Because individuals can see, or sense, the wave coming toward them, they are ready to react more quickly than they would without such advance notice.: would µÚ¿¡´Â µ¿»ç react°¡ »ý·«µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, than they _would_ (react) without such advance notice´Â ¡®±×·¯ÇÑ »çÀü ÅëÁö°¡ ¾ø´Ù¸é ±×·² °Í(¹ÝÀÀÇÒ °Í)º¸´Ù¡¯¶ó´Â Àǹ̷ΠÇؼ®ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * a school of fish: ¹°°í±â ¶¼ * flock: (»õ, ¾ç µûÀ§ÀÇ) ¹«¸®, ¶¼ * command: ¸í·É, ÁöÈÖ * determine: ¾Ë¾Æ³»´Ù, ¹àÈ÷´Ù * initiate: ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Ù, Âø¼öÇÏ´Ù * astounding: ¹Ï±â ¾î·Á¿î, ³î¶ó¿î * advance: »çÀüÀÇ * simultaneous: µ¿½Ã¿¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â 15. Çؼ®: 1992³â 1¿ù 10ÀÏ, °ÅÄ£ ¹Ù´Ù¸¦ Ç×ÇØÇÏ´ø ¹è ÇÑ Ã´ÀÌ 12°³ÀÇ È­¹° ÄÁÅ×À̳ʸ¦ ÀÒ¾ú´Âµ¥, ±× Áß Çϳª´Â 28,800°³ÀÇ ¹°¿¡ ¶ß´Â ¿å½Ç Àå³­°¨À» ´ã°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¹àÀº »öÀÇ ¿À¸®, °³±¸¸®, ±×¸®°í °ÅºÏÀÌ ¸ð¾çÀÇ Àå³­°¨µéÀÌ ÅÂÆò¾ç ÇÑ°¡¿îµ¥¿¡ Ç¥·ùÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. 7°³¿ù ÈÄ¿¡ À¯½ÇµÈ Àå¼Ò¿¡¼­ 3,540ų·Î¹ÌÅÍ ¶³¾îÁø ¾Ë·¡½ºÄ«ÀÇ Sitka ±Ùó Çغ¯ À°Áö¿¡ ù ¹ø° Àå³­°¨µéÀÌ µµ´ÞÇß´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ Àå³­°¨µéÀº ¾Ë·¡½ºÄ« ÇؾÈÀ» µû¶ó ±×¸®°í º£¸µ Çظ¦ °¡·ÎÁú·¯ ºÏÂÊ°ú ¼­ÂÊÀ¸·Î ¶°´Ù³æ´Ù. ¾î¶² Àå³­°¨µéÀº ¹Ù´Ù¿¡ ÈξÀ ´õ ¿À·¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×°ÍµéÀº ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ºÏÅÂÆò¾ç ÇØ·ù¸¦ µû¶ó ¶°´Ù³æ°í, °á±¹¿¡´Â Sitka·Î µÇµ¹¾Æ°¬´Ù. (Çؼ³) 20ÂÊ (B) ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ±¸Á¶ÀÇ ¹®ÀåÀÌ µÚ¿¡ À̾îÁö°í ÀÖ°í ¡®ÀÒ¾î¹ö¸° °÷¡¯À̶ó´Â ¶æÀ̹ǷΠwhere°¡ ¿Í¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (C) ¡®ÈξÀ¡¯À̶ó´Â ¶æÀ¸·Î ºñ±³±Þ longer¸¦ °­Á¶ÇÏ·Á¸é evenÀÌ ¿Í¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (±¸¹®) ~, a ship traveling through rough seas lost 12 cargo containers, one of which held 28,800 floating bath toys.: ÁÖ¾î´Â a shipÀÌ°í µ¿»ç´Â lostÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * adrift: Ç¥·ùÇÏ´Â * landfall: À°Áö µµÂø, À°Áö Á¢±Ù * float: ¶°´Ù´Ï´Ù, Ç¥·ùÇÏ´Ù * completely: ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ * current: ÇØ·ù, Á¶·ù 16. Çؼ®: ¿¬±¸¿øµéÀÌ ±â¼úÀûÀÎ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÇØ°áÇÏ·Á°í ¾Ö¾²°í ÀÖ´Â µÎ °³ÀÇ ÈÞ´ë ÀüÈ­ ȸ»ç¸¦ ¿¬±¸Çß´Ù. ÇÑ È¸»ç´Â ¡®±â¼ú ¼±¹Ý¡¯À̶ó°í ºÎ¸£´Â °ÍÀ» °³¹ßÇߴµ¥, ±×°ÍÀº ¼ÒÁý´ÜÀÇ ±â¼úÀڵ鿡 ÀÇÇØ ¸¸µé¾îÁ³°í, ±× À§¿¡´Â ÀåÂ÷ ´Ù¸¥ ÆÀÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Â °¡´ÉÇÑ ±â¼úÀûÀÎ ÇØ°áÃ¥µéÀÌ ¿Ã·ÁÁ® ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±× ȸ»ç´Â ¶ÇÇÑ ÆǸſøµé°ú µðÀÚÀ̳ʵéÀÌ ÀÚÁÖ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖ´Â ±â¼úÀÚµé °£ÀÇ Á¦ÇÑ ¾ø´Â ´ëÈ­¸¦ ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. »ç¾÷ ´ÜÀ§ °£ÀÇ °æ°è´Â ÀϺη¯ ºÒ¸íÈ®ÇÏ°Ô Çߴµ¥, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °¨À» ¾ò±â À§Çؼ­´Â ±â¼úÀûÀÎ Á¤º¸ ÀÌ»óÀÇ °ÍÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇ߱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ³ª¸ÓÁö ´Ù¸¥ ȸ»ç´Â ¹®Á¦¸¦ °¢ ºÎºÐÀ¸·Î ³ª´©¸é¼­ °ÑÀ¸·Î º¸±â¿¡´Â º¸´Ù ¸í·áÇÏ°Ô ±×¸®°í Áú¼­ ÀÖ°Ô ÀÏÀ» ÁøÇàÇß´Ù. ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ ºÎ¼­µéÀº °¢ÀÚÀÇ ¿µ¿ªÀ» º¸È£Çß´Ù. °³Àΰú ÆÀµéÀº ¼­·Î °æÀïÇϸç, Á¤º¸ °øÀ¯¸¦ ÁßÁöÇß´Ù. ±× µÎ ȸ»ç´Â °á±¹ ±â¼úÀûÀÎ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÇØ°áÇßÁö¸¸, ÈÄÀÚÀÇ È¸»ç°¡ ÀüÀÚÀÇ È¸»çº¸´Ù ¾î·Á¿òÀÌ ´õ ¸¹¾Ò´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¨ç ÁÖ¾î´Â µµÄ¡µÈ possible technical solutions·Î º¹¼öÇüÀ̹ǷΠ´Ü¼ö µ¿»ç was¸¦ º¹¼ö µ¿»ç were·Î °íÃÄ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. À̶§ µ¿»ç´Â were placed·Î ¼öµ¿ÅÂÀÌ´Ù. ¨è ÁÖ¾î It(= One company)¸¦ ÁöĪÇÏ´Â ¼ÒÀ¯°Ý ´ë¸í»ç its´Â ÀûÀýÇÑ Ç¥ÇöÀÌ´Ù. ¨é ¸ñÀûÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â toºÎÁ¤»çÀÇ ºÎ»çÀû ¿ë¹ýÀÌ´Ù. ¨ê ¹®ÀåÀÇ ÁÖ¾îÀÎ the other company¸¦ Àǹ̻óÀÇ ÁÖ¾î·Î »ïÀº ºÐ»ç±¸¹®À¸·Î ´Éµ¿ÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ Ç¥ÇöÇÏ´Â ÇöÀçºÐ»ç dividingÀº ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ë µ¿»ç¸¦ °­Á¶ÇÏ´Â Á¶µ¿»ç did ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ¿Â µ¿»ç¿øÇü solve´Â ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) One company developed _what_ it called a ¡®technology shelf,¡¯ _created_ by a small group of engineers, on which were placed possible technical solutions _that_ other teams might use in the future.: whatÀº ¡®~ÀÎ °Í¡¯À̶ó´Â Àǹ̷Π¼±Çà»ç¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â °ü°è´ë¸í»çÀÌ´Ù. created´Â ¾Õ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â a technology shelf¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â °ú°ÅºÐ»çÀÌ´Ù. thatÀº ¾Õ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â technical solutions¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â °ü°èÀýÀ» À̲ô´Â °ü°è´ë¸í»çÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * open-ended: Á¦¾à(Á¦ÇÑ)À» µÎÁö ¾ÊÀº * boundary: °æ°è * deliberately: ÀǵµÀûÀ¸·Î * ambiguous: ºÐ¸íÄ¡ ¾ÊÀº, ºÒ¸í·áÇÑ * seeming: ¿Ü°ü»óÀÇ * clarity: ¸íÈ®, ¸í·á * discipline: ±â°­, Áú¼­, ±ÔÀ² * territory: ¿µ¿ª, ¿µÅä 17. Çؼ®: ´©±º°¡°¡ °ÅÁþ¸»À» ÇÒ ¶§, ±×ÀÇ Åë»óÀûÀÎ ÆÐÅÏ¿¡¼­ ¹þ¾î³ª´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾Æä±â À§ÇØ ´ç½ÅÀº ±×ÀÇ Åë»óÀûÀÎ ÆÐÅÏ¿¡ ÁÖÀǸ¦ ¸é¹ÐÈ÷ ±â¿ï¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¶§¶§·Î ±× º¯È­´Â Àá±ñ µ¿¾ÈÀÇ Ä§¹¬Ã³·³ ¹Ì¹¦ÇÏ´Ù. ¾î¶² ¶§ ±×°ÍÀº ¸í¹éÇÏ°í °©ÀÛ½º·´´Ù. ³ª´Â ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ ¸î °¡Áö Ưº°È÷ ¹Î°¨ÇÑ È­Á¦ °Å¸®¿¡ ´ëÇØ °ÅÁþ¸»À» ÇÒ °Å¶ó°í ³»°¡ È®½ÅÇÑ, ¾Æ´Â »ç¶÷°úÀÇ ´º½º ÀÎÅͺ並 ºÃ´Âµ¥ ±×³à´Â °ÅÁþ¸»À» Çß´Ù. ÀÎÅͺäÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È ´ëºÎºÐ ±×³à´Â Â÷ºÐÇÏ°í ¼ÖÁ÷ÇßÁö¸¸ °ÅÁþ¸»À» Çϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇßÀ» ¶§, ±×³àÀÇ Åµµ´Â ±ØÀûÀ¸·Î º¯Çß´Ù. ±×³à´Â ¸Ó¸®¸¦ µÚ·Î Á¥È÷°í, ¡®ºÒ½Å¡¯ÀÇ ¿ôÀ½À» Áþ°í, ¸Ó¸®¸¦ ¾ÕµÚ·Î Èçµé¾ú´Ù. ±× Áú¹®µéÀÌ ¸Å¿ì »çÀûÀÎ È­Á¦ °Å¸®¸¦ ´Ù·é °ÍÀº »ç½ÇÀÌÁö¸¸, ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î Áú¹®ÀÌ ¾Æ¹«¸® ´Ù·ç±â Èûµç °ÍÀ̶ó ÇÒÁö¶óµµ ´©±º°¡°¡ Áø½ÇÀ» ¸»ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ±×ÀÇ Åµµ°¡ »ó´çÈ÷ ¶Ç´Â °©ÀÛ½º·´°Ô º¯ÇÏÁö´Â ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀ̶ó´Â Á¡À» ³ª´Â ¾Ë¾Ò´Ù. (Çؼ³) (A) µ¿»ç isÀÇ º¸¾î·Î Çü¿ë»ç subtleÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (B) °ü°è´ë¸í»çÀý ¾È¿¡¼­ I was certainÀÌ »ðÀÔÀý·Î ¾²¿´À¸¹Ç·Î ÁÖ°Ý °ü°è´ë¸í»çÀÎ who°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (C) thatÀý ¾È¿¡¼­ the questions¸¦ ÁÖ¾î·Î ÇÏ´Â µ¿»ç°¡ ¿Í¾ß ÇϹǷΠdealÀÇ °ú°ÅÇüÀÎ dealt°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) ¡¦ _no matter how_ touchy the question, ~: no matter how ~´Â ¡®¾ó¸¶³ª ~ÇÒÁö¶óµµ¡¯ÀÇ Àǹ̷Πhowever ~·Î ¹Ù²ã ¾µ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * deviation: ¹þ¾î³² * variation: º¯È­ * subtle: ¹Ì¹¦ÇÑ, °¨ÁöÇϱâ Èûµç * pause: ÈÞÁö * obvious: ¸í¹éÇÑ * abrupt: °©ÀÛ½º·¯¿î * acquaintance: ¾Æ´Â »ç¶÷ * sensitive: ¹Î°¨ÇÑ, ¿¹¹ÎÇÑ * deal with: ~À» ´Ù·ç´Ù * touchy: ´Ù·ç±â Èûµç * significantly: »ó´çÈ÷ 21ÂÊ ¡®À̳» ÀÚ¿¬½º·± °úÁ¤À» äÅÃÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Â ³¸¼³°í, ¶§·Î´Â ºÒÄèÇϱ⵵ Çϸç, ¶§·Î´Â °­·ÄÇÏ°Ô Èï¹Ì¸¦ À¯¹ßÇÏ´Â ¸ðÇ衯À̶ó°í ±â¼úÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×´Â °è¼ÓÇؼ­ °¡Á¤»ýÈ°ÀÇ »çÀûÀÎ ¼¼ºÎ »çÇ×µéÀ» °üÂûÇϸ鼭 ¸¶À» ±¸¼®±¸¼®À» À̸®Àú¸® µ¹¾Æ´Ù´Ï´Â ÀÏ»óÀÇ °úÁ¤¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­ ±â¼úÇÏ°í Àִµ¥, ±×°¡ ¸»ÇϵíÀÌ, ±×·¯ÇÑ °üÂûµéÀº °¡´ÉÇÏ°í (´©±¸³ª) Çغ¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °Íó·³ º¸ÀδÙ. (Çؼ³) ¨ë µÚ¿¡ the intimate details of family life¶ó´Â ¸ñÀû¾î°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î °ú°ÅºÐ»çÀÎ observed°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÇöÀçºÐ»çÀÎ observingÀ¸·Î °íÃÄ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. observingÀº ÁÖ¾îÀÎ HeÀÇ ºÎ¼öÀûÀÎ µ¿ÀÛÀ» ¼³¸íÇØ ÁÖ´Â ºÎ´ë»óȲÀÇ ºÐ»ç±¸¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ¨ç detailed´Â µÚ¿¡ ¿À´Â ¸í»ç intricacy¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â Çü¿ë»çÀÌ´Ù. ¨è in which ÀÌÇÏ´Â °ü°è´ë¸í»çÀý·Î ¾ÕÀÇ the way¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÑ´Ù. the way ´ÙÀ½¿¡ °ü°èºÎ»ç how´Â ¿Ã ¼ö ¾ø°í, °ü°èºÎ»ç ´ë½Å ¾²ÀÌ´Â thatÀÌ ¿À°Å³ª in which°¡ ¿Â´Ù. ¨é »ç¿ªµ¿»ç makeÀÇ ¸ñÀû°Ýº¸¾î·Î ¸ñÀû¾î(fieldwork)¿Í ÀÇ¹Ì °ü°è°¡ ´Éµ¿À̹ǷΠµ¿»ç¿øÇü sound°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ê ÁÖ°Ý °ü°è´ë¸í»çÀýÀÇ µ¿»çÀÇ ¼ö´Â ¾Õ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¼±Çà»ç¿Í ÀÏÄ¡ ÇÑ´Ù. ¼±Çà»ç°¡ ´Ü¼öÇüÀÎ adventureÀ̹ǷΠ´Ü¼ö µ¿»çÀÎ adopts°¡ ¿Ô´Ù. (±¸¹®) ¡¦ as he tells it, such observations _seem_ possible and accessible.: seemÀº ºÒ¿ÏÀü ÀÚµ¿»çÀ̹ǷΠµÚ¿¡ À̾îÁö´Â Çü¿ë»ç possible°ú accessibleÀÌ º¸¾î°¡ µÈ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * fieldwork: ÇöÁö(½ÇÁö) Á¶»ç * hallmark: Ư¡, ƯÁú * anthropology: ÀηùÇÐ * intricacy: ¾ôÈ÷°í ¼³Å´, º¹Àâ * anthropologist: ÀηùÇÐÀÚ * standing: ÀÔÀå * account: ¼³¸í, À̾߱â, ±â¼ú * adventuresome: ¸ðÇèÀûÀÎ * exotic: À̱¹ÀûÀÎ, À̱¹Ç³ÀÇ, »ö´Ù¸¥ * classic: ÀüÇüÀûÀÎ, ÀÏ·ùÀÇ * intensely: °­·ÄÇÏ°Ô, ¸Å¿ì, ´ë´ÜÈ÷ * adopt: äÅÃÇÏ´Ù, °ñ¶óÀâ´Ù * go on to£«µ¿»ç¿øÇü: °è¼ÓÇؼ­ ~ÇÏ´Ù * routine: ÀÏ»óÀÇ °úÁ¤ * stroll: »êÃ¥ÇÏ´Ù * intimate: »ç»ç·Î¿î, ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ, Ä£¹ÐÇÑ * accessible: Á¢±ÙÇϱ⠽¬¿î, ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â 19. Çؼ®: »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×µéÀÌ Àǽɽº·¯¿öÇÏ´Â ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¸»À̳ª ±Û·Î Áõ¾ðÀ» ÇØ´Þ¶ó°í ±ÇÀ¯¸¦ ¹ÞÀ» ¶§, Á¾Á¾ ÀڽŵéÀÇ ¼ÓÀÓ¼ö¿¡ ´ëÇØ °üÇØ ±âºÐ ³ª»Ú°Ô ´À³¥ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·³¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í, ±×µéÀº ±×µéÀÌ ¸»ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» ¹Ï±â ½ÃÀÛÇÑ´Ù. ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÇÑ ¸»¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼³µæ·Â ÀÖ´Â ¿ÜÀûÀÎ ¼³¸íÀÌ ¾øÀ» ¶§, ¸»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ °ð ¹Ï´Â °ÍÀÌ µÈ´Ù. Tory Higgins¿Í ±×ÀÇ µ¿·áµéÀº ´ëÇлýµé¿¡°Ô ¾î¶² »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¼º°ÝÀ» ±â¼úÇÑ °ÍÀ» ÀÐ°Ô ÇÏ°í, ±× ´ÙÀ½ ÀÌ »ç¶÷À» ÁÁ¾ÆÇϰųª ½È¾îÇÑ´Ù°í ¹Ï¾îÁö´Â ¾î¶² ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷À» À§ÇØ ±×°ÍÀ» ¿ä¾àÀ» Çغ¸°Ô ½ÃÄ×´Ù. ÇлýµéÀº ¿ä¾à¹®À» ¹Þ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ ±× »ç¶÷À» ÁÁ¾ÆÇßÀ» ¶§ ´õ ±àÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ±â¼úÀ» Çß´Ù. ±àÁ¤ÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ» ¸»ÇÏ°í ³­ ´ÙÀ½, ±×µé Àڽŵµ ±× »ç¶÷À» ´õ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×µéÀÌ ÀÐÀº °ÍÀ» ȸ»óÇØ º¸¶ó´Â ¿äûÀ» ¹Þ¾ÒÀ» ¶§, ±×µéÀº ¼º°Ý ±â¼úÀ» ¿ø·¡º¸´Ù ´õ ±àÁ¤ÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ¸·Î ±â¾ïÇß´Ù. ¿ä¾àÇÏÀÚ¸é, ¿ì¸®´Â µè´Â »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ¸ÂÃç ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ Á¶Á¤ÇÏ°í, ±×·¸°Ô ÇÏ°í ³­ ´ÙÀ½¿¡´Â ±× º¯°æµÈ ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ ¹Ï´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °Í °°´Ù. (Çؼ³) (A) Á¢¼Ó»ç that µÚ¿¡´Â ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ±¸Á¶ÀÇ ¹®ÀåÀÌ, °ü°è´ë¸í»ç what µÚ¿¡´Â ºÒ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ±¸Á¶ÀÇ ¹®ÀåÀÌ ¿Â´Ù. µ¿»ç sayÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ´Â °ü°è´ë¸í»ç whatÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (B) ¹®¸Æ»ó »ç¿ªµ¿»ç hadÀÇ ¸ñÀû°Ýº¸¾î read¿Í °°Àº ¿ªÇÒÀ̹ǷΠµ¿»ç¿øÇü summarize°¡ ¿Í¼­ º´·Ä ±¸Á¶¸¦ ÀÌ·é´Ù. (C) Àǹ̻óÀÇ ÁÖ¾î they°¡ ¡®¿äû¹Þ´Â¡¯ °ÍÀ̹ǷΠ°ú°ÅºÐ»ç Asked°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (Being) Asked ¡¦ read ºÐ»ç±¸¹®À¸·Î BeingÀÌ »ý·«µÈ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. (±¸¹®) * _When (they are) induced_ to give spoken or written witness to something they doubt, ~.: When µÚ¿¡´Â 'Á־beµ¿»ç'°¡ »ý·«µÇ¾ú´Ù. * _Having said_ positive things, they also then liked the person more _themselves_.: 'having£«°ú°ÅºÐ»ç'´Â ¿Ï·áÇü ºÐ»ç±¸¹®À¸·Î ÁÖÀýÀÇ ½ÃÁ¦º¸´Ù ¾Õ¼­ ÀϾ ÀÏÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. themselves´Â Á־ °­Á¶ÇÏ´Â Àç±Í´ë¸í»çÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * induce: ±ÇÀ¯ÇÏ´Ù * give witness (to): (¡¦À») Áõ¸í(Áõ¾ð)ÇÏ´Ù * deceit: ¼ÓÀÓ¼ö, »ç±â * compelling: ¼³µæ·Â ÀÖ´Â * external: ¿ÜºÎÀÇ * summarize: ¿ä¾àÇÏ´Ù * recipient: (¾î¶² °ÍÀ») ¹Þ´Â »ç¶÷ * be prone to: ~ÇÏ´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù, ~Çϱ⠽±´Ù * adjust: ¸ÂÃß´Ù * alter: º¯°æÇÏ´Ù 22ÂÊ (Çؼ³) ¨ë µ¿»ç try´Â ¹®ÀåÀÇ ÁÖ¾î·Î ¾²ÀÏ ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ÁÖ¾î ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â µ¿¸í»ç(trying) ¶Ç´Â toºÎÁ¤»ç(to try)·Î °íÃÄ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¨ç Á־ °ü°è´ë¸í»ç whatÀýÀ̹ǷΠ´Ü¼ö µ¿»ç is´Â ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨è ÁÖ¾î we°¡ ¡®°¤È÷´Â¡¯ °ÍÀ̹ǷΠ¼öµ¿ÅÂ(are trapped)°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨é to see´Â º¸¾î·Î ¾²ÀÎ ¸í»ç ¿ªÇÒÀÇ toºÎÁ¤»çÀÌ´Ù. ¨ê µ¿»ç sound(¡¦ÇÏ°Ô µé¸®´Ù)ÀÇ º¸¾î·Î Çü¿ë»ç obvious´Â ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) _What_ is required is _not_ a better diet, _but_ an alternative way _to feel_ comforted and relaxed.: °ü°è´ë¸í»ç WhatÀÌ À̲ô´Â What is required°¡ ÁÖ¾îÀ̸ç, 'not A but (B) (A°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó B)' ±¸¹®ÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. to feel ÀÌÇÏ´Â ¾ÕÀÇ ¸í»ç way¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â Çü¿ë»ç ¿ªÇÒÀÇ toºÎÁ¤»çÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * demonstrably: ¸í¹éÈ÷ * paradox: ¿ª¼³ * around: (Àå¾Ö¹°)À» ÇÇÇÏ¿© * countless: ¼ö¸¹Àº * implication: °ü·Ã, ³»Æ÷ * resolve: °á½ÉÇÏ´Ù, °áÁ¤ÇÏ´Ù * replace A with B: A¸¦ B·Î ´ëüÇÏ´Ù * leaky: ¹°ÀÌ »õ´Â * alternative: ´ë½ÅÀÇ 21. Çؼ®: ¡®¿ë±â¡¯¶ó´Â ¸»ÀÌ ¡®½ÉÀ塯À» ¶æÇÏ´Â ¶óƾ¾îÀÇ ¡®cor¡¯¿¡¼­ ÆÄ»ýµÇ¾ú´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ±â¾ïÇÑ´Ù¸é, ±× ¸»Àº Ãß°¡µÇ´Â Àǹ̸¦ Áö´Ñ´Ù. »çÀüÀº ¿ë±â¸¦ ¡®ºÒÂù¼ºÀ̳ª, ÀûÀÇ, ¶Ç´Â °æ¸êÀ» À¯¹ßÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Â ¿Ã¹Ù¸¥ ÇൿÀÇ °úÁ¤À» Ãß±¸ÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Â ƯÁú¡¯·Î Á¤ÀÇÇÑ´Ù. 300³âº¸´Ù ÀÌÀü¿¡ La Rochefoucauld´Â ±×°¡ ¡®¿ÏÀüÇÑ ¿ë±â´Â ¸ðµç »ç¶÷ ¾Õ¿¡¼­ ´ç½ÅÀÌ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Æ¹«µµ º¸Áö ¾Ê´Â °÷¿¡¼­ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù¡¯¶ó°í ¸»ÇßÀ» ¶§ ÇÑ °ÉÀ½ ´õ ³ª¾Æ°¬´Ù. ¹«°ü½ÉÀ̳ª ¹Ý´ë¿¡ Á÷¸éÇÏ¿© µµ´öÀû ¿ë±â¸¦ º¸¿©ÁÖ±â´Â ½±Áö ¾Ê´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Áø¸®¸¦ À§ÇÑ Áø½É¾î¸° ÀÔÀåÀ» ÃëÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡ ´ë´ãÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀº Á¾Á¾ ±×µéÀÇ ±â´ë¸¦ ´É°¡ÇÏ´Â °á°ú¸¦ ¼ºÃëÇÑ´Ù. ¹Ý¸é¿¡, ¸¶Áö¸øÇØ ÇÏ´Â °³ÀεéÀº ±×°ÍÀÌ ±×µé ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ º¹Áö¿Í ¿¬°üÀÌ ÀÖÀ» ¶§Á¶Â÷µµ ¿ë±â°¡ µÎµå·¯ÁöÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¸ðµç »óȲ¿¡¼­ ¿ë°¨ÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Â °ÍÀº °­ÇÑ °á´Ü·ÂÀ» ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÑ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¨ê°¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ ¹®Àå¿¡¼­ who are daring in taking a wholehearted stand for truth´Â ÁÖ¾îÀÎ persons¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ°í ÀÖ°í Á־ ¿¬°áµÇ´Â µ¿»ç°¡ ¾øÀ¸¹Ç·Î achieve·Î °íÃÄ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¨ç ¾Õ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Latin word ¡®cor¡¯¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â ÇöÀçºÐ»çÀÌ´Ù. ¨è °ü°è´ë¸í»ç which¸¦ ÀüÄ¡»ç¿Í ÇÔ²² ¾´ ±¸¹®À¸·Î a right course of actionÀ» ¼±Çà»ç·Î ÃëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¨é to show ÀÌÇÏ´Â °¡ÁÖ¾î ItÀÇ ÁøÁÖ¾îÀÌ´Ù. ¨ë their´Â ¾Õ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¸í»ç halfhearted individualsÀÇ ¼ÒÀ¯°ÝÀÌ´Ù. (±¸¹®) On the other hand, halfhearted individuals are _seldom_ distinguished for courage ~.: seldomÀº hardly, scarcely, rarely¿Í ÇÔ²² ºÎÁ¤ÀÇ ¶æÀ» Ç¥ÇöÇÑ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * derive from: ~¿¡¼­ ³ª¿À´Ù, ÆÄ»ýµÇ´Ù * disapproval: ºÒÂù¼º * hostility: ÀûÀÇ * contempt: °æ¸ê * unwitnessed: ¸ñ°ÝµÇÁö ¾ÊÀº * indifference: ¹«°ü½É, ³Ã´ã * wholehearted: ¼º½É¼ºÀÇÀÇ * take a stand: ÀÔÀåÀ» ÃëÇÏ´Ù * halfhearted: ¸¶À½ÀÌ ³»Å°Áö ¾Ê´Â * distinguished: ´«¿¡ ¶ç´Â * welfare: º¹Áö, ÈÄ»ý 22. Çؼ®: ¿ì¸®´Â ¸¶Ä¡ ¹Ì·¡°¡ ¿À´Â °ÍÀÌ ³Ê¹« ´Ê´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÏ¿© ±×°ÍÀ» ¼­µÑ·¯ ¿À°Ô ÇÏ·Á°í ¾Ö¾²°í ÀÖ´Â °Íó·³ ¹Ì·¡¸¦ ±â´ëÇÑ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ³Ê¹« °æ¼ÖÇؼ­ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ ½Ã°£ ¼Ó¿¡¼­ Çì¸Å°í ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ¼ÓÇÑ °Í¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â »ý°¢ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ¹Ì·¡¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÇöÀ縦 À¯ÁöÇÏ·Á°í ³ë·ÂÇÏ°í, ¿ì¸®°¡ µµ´ÞÇÒ È®½Ç¼ºÀÌ ¾ø´Â ½Ã°£À» À§ÇØ ÅëÁ¦ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °ÍµéÀ» Á¶Á¤ÇÏ·Á°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀÇ »ý°¢À» Á¡°ËÇØ º¸¶ó, ±×·¯¸é ´ç½ÅÀº ±×°Í(»ý°¢)µéÀÌ °ú°Å³ª ¹Ì·¡¿¡ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ »ç·Î ÀâÇô ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ÇöÀç¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â °ÅÀÇ ÀüÇô »ý°¢À» ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í, ¸¸¾à ±×·¸°Ô ÇÑ´Ù Çصµ ±×°ÍÀº ´ÜÁö ¹Ì·¡¸¦ À§ÇÑ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ °èȹÀ» ºñÃß±â À§Çؼ­ÀÏ »ÓÀÌ´Ù. °ú°Å¿Í ÇöÀç´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¼ö´ÜÀÌ°í, ¿ÀÁ÷ ¹Ì·¡¸¸ÀÌ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) (A) 'so(such) ¡¦ that ¡¦' ±¸¹®Àº ¡®³Ê¹« ~Çؼ­ ¡¦ÇÏ´Ù¡¯ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀε¥, µÚ¿¡ Çü¿ë»ç imprudent°¡ ³ª¿ÔÀ¸¹Ç·Î À̸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ºÎ»ç So¸¦ ½á¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (B) µ¿»ç try¿Í º´·Ä ±¸Á¶¸¦ ÀÌ·ç¸é¼­ ÁÖ¾îÀÎ We¿¡ ¿¬°áµÇ´Â think°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (C) 'find£«¸ñÀû¾î£«¸ñÀû°Ýº¸¾î'ÀÇ ±¸¹®À¸·Î ¸ñÀû¾îÀÎ themÀÌ occupyÀÇ ´ë»óÀ̹ǷΠ¼öµ¿ÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ Áö´Ï´Â °ú°ÅºÐ»ç occupied°¡ ¸ñÀû°Ýº¸¾î·Î ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) We anticipate the future _as if_ we found it too slow in coming and we were trying to _hurry it up_.: as if ´ÙÀ½¿¡ °¡Á¤¹ý °ú°Å°¡ ¿Í¼­ µ¿»ç°¡ °ú°ÅÇü(found, were)ÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇ¾úÁö¸¸, ÇöÀçÀÇ ÀǹÌ(¸¶Ä¡ ~ÀÎ °Íó·³)·Î Çؼ®ÇÑ´Ù. hurry ¡¦ upÀº 'µ¿»ç£«ºÎ»ç'ÀÇ ±¸Á¶À̹ǷΠ´ë¸í»ç ¸ñÀû¾î itÀº hurry¿Í up »çÀÌ¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÑ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * anticipate: ±â´ëÇÏ´Ù, °í´ëÇÏ´Ù * imprudent: Çö¸íÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ, °æ¼ÖÇÑ * belong to: ~¿¡ ¼ÓÇÏ´Ù * arrange: Á¶Á¤ÇÏ´Ù, ¹è¿­ÇÏ´Ù * certainty: È®½ÇÇÑ °Í, È®½Ç¼º * wholly: ¿ÏÀüÈ÷, ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î 23ÂÊ 23. Çؼ®: ¡®jack-of-all-trades(¸¸¹°¹Ú»ç)¡¯¶ó´Â ¸»Àº ¡®jack of all trades and master of none(¸ðµç ÀÏÀ» ´Ù ÀßÇÏÁö¸¸ Á¤¸» ÀßÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾ø´Â »ç¶÷)¡¯ÀÌ Ãà¾àµÈ ÇüÅÂÀÌ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ¼ö¸¹Àº ¾÷¹«¿¡ ´É¼÷ÇÏ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÏÁö¸¸, ±×°Íµé Áß ÇÑ °¡Áöµµ Àß ¼öÇàÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ» °¡¸®Å²´Ù. ÀÌ ¸»Àº »ê¾÷Çõ¸íÀÌ ½ÃÀÛµÉ ¶§¿¡ ¿µ±¹¿¡¼­ óÀ½ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¸¹Àº ¼öÀÇ È¿À²¼º Àü¹®°¡µéÀÌ ¸ðµç À¯ÇüÀÇ »õ·Î¿î Á¦Á¶ °úÁ¤, ¹«¿ª, »ç¾÷¿¡ ´ëÇØ Àß ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù°í ÀڽŵéÀ» ±¤°íÇϸ鼭 ·±´ø¿¡ »ç¹«¼Ò¸¦ Â÷·È´Ù. »ó´çÇÑ ¾×¼öÀÇ ºñ¿ëÀ» ¹Þ°í, ±×µéÀº ÀڽŵéÀÇ Áö½ÄÀ» °í°´µé¿¡°Ô ¾Ë·Á ÁÖ°ï Çß´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¾ó¸¶ ¾È °¡¼­ ±×µéÀÇ Áö½ÄÀº Á¦ÇѵǾî ÀÖÀ¸¸ç Çö½ÇÀûÀ¸·Î ¾Æ¹«·± °¡Ä¡°¡ ¾ø´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀÌ ºÐ¸íÇØÁ³´Ù. ÀǽÉÀ» Ç°°Ô µÈ »ý»ê¾÷ÀÚµéÀº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÚĪ Àü¹®°¡¶ó°í ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ» ¡®jacks of all trades and masters of none¡¯À̶ó°í ºÎ¸£±â ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Àü¹®°¡µéÀº ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ¿ì¸® ÁÖº¯¿¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±× °á°ú ÀÌ ¸» ¶ÇÇÑ ¿ì¸® °ç¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¨ë ¾Õ¿¡ ³ª¿Â µ¿»ç¸¦ ´ë½ÅÇÏ´Â ´ëµ¿»ç°¡ ¿Í¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¾Õ ¹®Àå¿¡ beµ¿»ç are°¡ ¾²¿´À¸¹Ç·Î, does¸¦ is·Î °íÃÄ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¨ç ºÐ»ç shortened°¡ ¸í»ç versionÀ» ¼ö½ÄÇÏ°í Àִµ¥, ¼öµ¿ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀ̹ǷΠ°ú°ÅºÐ»ç shortened¸¦ ¾²´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨è whoÀÇ ¼±Çà»ç´Â º¹¼öÇü thoseÀ̹ǷΠº¹¼ö µ¿»ç claimÀ» ¾²´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨é ºÎ´ë»óȲÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ºÐ»ç±¸¹®ÀÌ¸ç ´Éµ¿ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀ̹ǷΠÇöÀçºÐ»ç advertisingÀ» ¾²´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ê became ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ³ª¿Í¼­ Áְݺ¸¾î ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î Çü¿ë»ç evident¸¦ ¾²´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) It refers to _those who_ claim to be proficient at countless tasks, but cannot perform a single one of them well.: those who´Â ¡®~ÇÑ »ç¶÷µé¡¯ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. ÁÖ°Ý °ü°è´ë¸í»ç who¿¡ µ¿»ç claim°ú cannot performÀÌ À̾îÁö°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * jack-of-all-trades: ¸¸¹°¹Ú»ç, Æȹæ¹ÌÀÎ(½ÇÁ¦·Î´Â Àß ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾ø´Ù´Â ¶æÀÌ µé¾î ÀÖÀ½.) * proficient: ´É¼÷ÇÑ, ¼÷´ÞµÈ * knowledgeable: Áö½ÄÀÌ ÀÖ´Â, ½Ä°ßÀÌ ÀÖ´Â * substantial: »ó´çÇÑ, ½ÇÁúÀûÀÎ, ³»¿ëÀÌ Ç³ºÎÇÑ * industrialist: °ø¾÷°¡, »ý»ê¾÷ÀÚ * self-appointed: ÀÚĪÀÇ, È¥ÀÚ »ý°¢ÀÇ 24. Çؼ®: Potter ¾¾´Â ¾ÆÁÖ Å« ´ë¼­¾ç Ⱦ´Ü Á¤±â ¿©°´¼±À» Ÿ°í À¯·´À¸·Î °¡°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¹è¿¡ ÅÀÀ» ¶§, ±×´Â ´Ù¸¥ ÇÑ ¸íÀÇ ½Â°´ÀÌ ÀڽŰú ¼±½ÇÀ» ÇÔ²² »ç¿ëÇÏ°Ô µÉ °Å¶ó´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¼÷¹Ú ½Ã¼³À» »ìÆ캻 ÈÄ¿¡, ±×´Â ¼±¹ÚÀÇ »ç¹«ÀåÀÇ ÀÚ¸®·Î ¿Í¼­ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ±ÍÁßÇ°µéÀ» ¹èÀÇ ±Ý°í¿¡ º¸°üÇØ µÑ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ú´À³Ä°í ¹°¾ú´Ù. Potter ¾¾´Â Æò¼Ò¿¡´Â ±×·¯ÇÑ Æ¯±ÇÀ» ÀüÇô ÀÌ¿ëÇÏÁö ¾ÊÁö¸¸, ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¼±½Ç¿¡ °¬¾ú´Âµ¥ ´Ù¸¥ ÇÑÂÊ Ä§´ë¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ³²ÀÚ¸¦ ¸¸³µ´Ù°í ¼³¸íÇß´Ù. ±×ÀÇ ¿Ü¸ð·Î ÆÇ´ÜÇÏ°Ç´ë, ±×´ÙÁö ½Å·ÚÇÒ ¸¸ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¾Æ´ÒÁöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀÌ ±×´Â µÎ·Á¿ü´Ù. ¼±¹ÚÀÇ »ç¹«ÀåÀº ±ÍÁßÇ° º¸°ü Ã¥ÀÓÀ» ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀ̸鼭 ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¸»Çß´Ù. ¡°±¦Âú½À´Ï´Ù. ¼Õ´ÔÀ» À§Çؼ­ ±â²¨ÀÌ ±×°ÍµéÀ» º¸°üÇØ µå¸±°Ô¿ä. (¼±½ÇÀÇ) ´Ù¸¥ ÇÑ ºÐµµ ¿©±â¿¡ ¿Í¼­ ±×¿Í ¶È°°Àº ÀÌÀ¯·Î ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ±ÍÁßÇ°µéÀ» ¸Ã°Ü ³õ¾Ò´ä´Ï´Ù!¡± (Çؼ³) (A) other´Â ´Üµ¶À¸·Î ´Ü¼ö ¸í»ç¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¸ç, another´Â ´Üµ¶À¸·Î ¼ö½ÄÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. (B) ¹®¸Æ»ó ¡®~ÀÎÁö ¹°¾îº¸¾Ò´Ù¡¯¶ó´Â ¶æÀ» Ç¥ÇöÇØ¾ß ÇϹǷÎ, if(¡¦ÀÎÁö ¾Æ´ÑÁö)¸¦ ½á¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (C) accepted¿Í remarked¸¦ and°¡ ¿¬°áÇØ ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù. °ú°Åµ¿»ç µÎ °³°¡ º´·Ä ±¸Á¶¸¦ ÀÌ·ç°í ÀÖ´Ù. (±¸¹®) Mr. Potter explained that ordinarily he never availed himself of that privilege, but he _had been_ to his cabin and _had met_ the man who was to occupy the other bed.: °ú°Å ½ÃÁ¡ ÀÌÀüÀÇ °æÇèÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»±â À§ÇØ 'had£«°ú°ÅºÐ»ç'ÀÇ °ú°Å¿Ï·á¸¦ ½è´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * transatlantic: ´ë¼­¾ç Ⱦ´ÜÀÇ * liner: Á¤±â¼±(ƯÈ÷ ´ë¾ç Ç×ÇØÀÇ ´ëÇü Äè¼Ó¼±) * cabin: ¼±½Ç, °´½Ç * accommodation: ¼÷¹Ú½Ã¼³, ÆíÀǽü³ * inquire: ¹®ÀÇÇÏ´Ù, ¹¯´Ù * valuable: (º¸Åë pl.) ±ÍÁßÇ° * ordinarily: Æò»ó½Ã¿¡´Â, º¸Åë * avail oneself of: ~À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Ù 25. Çؼ®: Sherlock Holmes¸¦ ź»ý½ÃŲ Arthur Conan Doyle °æÀº ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ °¨Á¤ÀÌ °ü·ÃµÈ °æ¿ì¿¡ ´ë´ÜÈ÷ ¼¶¼¼ÇÑ °¨°¢À» Áö³æ´Ù. ±×´Â ¼Ò¼³°¡ÀÎ George Meredith¸¦ ¹æ¹®Çß´ø ÀûÀÌ Àִµ¥, ±×¶§ Meredith´Â ´Ä°í Çã¾àÇß´Ù. Meredith´Â À̵û±Ý¾¿ ¾²·¯Áö´Â Èñ±ÍÇÑ Áúº´À» ¾Î°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. Conan DoyleÀÌ ¾ÕÀåÀ» ¼± ä, ±× µÎ ³²ÀÚ´Â MeredithÀÇ ¿©¸§ º°ÀåÀ» ÇâÇØ ±æÀ» °È°í ÀÖ´ø Áß, Conan DoyleÀº ±× ³ªÀÌµç ¼Ò¼³°¡°¡ ±×ÀÇ µÚ¿¡¼­ ¾²·¯Áö´Â ¼Ò¸®¸¦ µé¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â ±× ¼Ò¸®¸¦ µè°í ³Ñ¾îÁø °ÍÀÌ ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ¹Ì²ô·¯Áø °ÍÀ̾ Meredith°¡ ´ÙÄ¡Áö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ» °Å¶ó°í ÆÇ´ÜÇß´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ±×´Â ¾Æ¹« ¼Ò¸®µµ µèÁö ¸øÇÑ °Íó·³ µÚµ¹¾Æº¸Áö ¾Ê°í °è¼Ó ¼ºÅ­¼ºÅ­ °É¾î°¬´Ù. ¡°±×´Â ¸÷½Ã ÀÚÁ¸½ÉÀÌ °­ÇÑ ³ëÀÎÀ̾ ³ª´Â º»´ÉÀûÀ¸·Î ±×°¡ ºÎÃà ¹Þ¾Æ ÀϾ´Ù´Â ±¼¿å°¨ÀÌ ³»°¡ ±×¿¡°Ô Á¦°øÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´ø ¾î¶°ÇÑ ±¸Á¦º¸´Ù ÈξÀ ´õ Ŭ °ÍÀ̶ó°í »ý°¢Çß½À´Ï´Ù.¡±¶ó°í Conan DoyleÀº ³ªÁß¿¡ ÇظíÇß´Ù. (Çؼ³) 24ÂÊ ¨ç ¡®~ÇÑ °÷(»óȲ, °æ¿ì)¡¯ÀÇ Àǹ̷ΠºÎ»çÀýÀ» À̲ô´Â Á¢¼Ó»ç where°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨è 'cause+¸ñÀû¾î+toºÎÁ¤»ç' ±¸¹®À¸·Î ¸ñÀû°Ýº¸¾î·Î ¾²ÀÎ to fallÀº ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ê ¡®Conan Doyle heard ¡¦ behind him¡¯À̶ó´Â °ú°Å »ç½Ç°ú ¹Ý´ëµÇ´Â °¡Á¤À̹ǷÎ, °¡Á¤¹ý °ú°Å¿Ï·áÀÇ ÇüÅ·Π'as if+ÁÖ¾î+had °ú°ÅºÐ»ç'¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ë ºñ±³±ÞÀ» °­Á¶ÇÏ´Â ºÎ»ç·Î far°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) ¡¦ when Conan Doyle _heard_ the old novelist _fall_ behind him.: Áö°¢µ¿»ç heardÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î the old novelist°¡ ¡®³Ñ¾îÁø(´Éµ¿)¡¯ °ÍÀ̹ǷΠº¸¾î·Î µ¿»ç¿øÇü fallÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * delicacy: ¼¶¼¼ÇÔ, Á¤±³ÇÔ * occasionally: À̵û±Ý¾¿ * summerhouse: ¿©¸§ º°Àå * stride(-strode-stridden): Å« °ÉÀ½À¸·Î °È´Ù * fiercely: ¸÷½Ã, Áöµ¶È÷ * instinct: º»´É * humiliation: ±¼¿å, ¼öÄ¡ * relief: ±¸Á¶, ±¸Á¦ 26. Çؼ®: ¾î´À ¿Üµý ¸¶À»À» ¹æ¹®ÇÑ, ÈìÀâÀ» °÷ ¾ø´Â ¿¹ÀǹüÀý·Î À¯¸íÇÑ ÇÑ ³²ÀÚ¿¡ °üÇÑ ¿¾³¯ ÀϺ»ÀÇ ÇÑ Àü¼³ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¶À» »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×¸¦ °üÂûÇÏ°í ½Í±âµµ ÇÏ°í ±×¿¡°Ô Á¸°æ½ÉÀ» Ç¥ÇöÇÏ°í ½Í±âµµ ÇÏ¿© ¿¬È¸¸¦ ÁغñÇß´Ù. ±×µéÀÌ ½Ä»çÇϱâ À§ÇØ ÀÚ¸®¿¡ ¾É¾ÒÀ» ¶§, ¸ðµç ½Ã¼±Àº ±×µéÀÇ °í±ÍÇÑ ¼Õ´Ô¿¡°Ô·Î ¸ð¾ÆÁ³´Ù. ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀº ±× »ç¶÷ÀÌ Á£°¡¶ôÀ» Áã´Â ¹æ½ÄÀ» ÃÄ´Ùº¸°í ±×¸¦ µû¶ó ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×¶§, ¿ì¿¬È÷ ºÒÇàÇÏ°Ôµµ, ±× ¿¹Àý ¹Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¹Ì²ô·¯¿î µÎºÎ Á¶°¢À» ÀÔÀ¸·Î µé¾î ¿Ã¸± ¶§, ±×ÀÇ Á£°¡¶ô¿¡ ¾ÆÁÖ ¹Ì¼¼ÇÑ Á¤µµÀÇ °úµµÇÑ ¾Ð·ÂÀ» °¡ÇÏ¿©, ±×ÀÇ µÎºÎ¸¦ °øÁßÀ¸·Î ¹Ð¾î³»¾î ¿·¿¡ ÀÖ´ø »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¹«¸­ À§¿¡ ¶³¾î¶ß¸®°í ¸»¾Ò´Ù. ±× ¿¬È¸¿¡ Âü¼®ÇÑ ¸ðµç ¸¶À» »ç¶÷µéÀº Àá±ñ ³î¶õ ÈÄ, ±×µéÀÇ ¼Õ´ÔÀÌ ¿Ïº®ÇÏ´Ù´Â ¹ÏÀ½À» À¯ÁöÇÏ°í ±×°¡ ´çȤ½º·¯¿ö ÇÏÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï Çϱâ À§ÇØ ¼­·ÎÀÇ ¹«¸­ À§¿¡ µÎºÎ¸¦ ´øÁ® ³õ±â ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. (Çؼ³) (A) the man held his chopsticks°¡ ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ±¸Á¶ÀÇ ¹®ÀåÀ̹ǷΠhow°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (B) ÁÖ¾îÀÎ he ÀÔÀå¿¡¼­ º¸¾Æ, Á£°¡¶ô¿¡ ¾Ð·ÂÀ» °¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̹ǷÎ, ´Éµ¿ÇüÀÎ placed°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (C) keepÀÇ Àǹ̻ó ÁÖ¾î´Â ÁÖÀýÀÇ ÁÖ¾îÀÎ all the villagersÀ̹ǷÎ, ¸ñÀû¾î·Î Àç±Í´ë¸í»ç himself¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. (±¸¹®) _Wanting to honor as well as observe him_, the villagers prepared a banquet.: Wanting ¡¦ himÀº Àǹ̻óÀÇ Á־ ÁÖÀýÀÇ ÁÖ¾î the villagersÀÎ ºÐ»ç±¸¹®ÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * legend: Àü¼³ * renowned: À¯¸íÇÑ * flawless: ÈìÀâÀ» µ¥ ¾ø´Â, ¿Ïº®ÇÑ * observe: °üÂûÇÏ´Ù * banquet: ¿¬È¸, ÃàÇÏ¿¬ * slippery: ¹Ì²ô·¯¿î * tofu: µÎºÎ * excess: ÃÊ°úÇÑ, ¿©ºÐÀÇ * propel: ³ª¾Æ°¡°Ô ÇÏ´Ù, ¿òÁ÷ÀÌ°Ô ÇÏ´Ù * fling: ³»´øÁö´Ù 27. Çؼ®: »õ ¾Æ±âÀÇ Åº»ýÀ» ±â´Ù¸®´Â µ¿¾È, ºÏ¹ÌÀÇ ºÎ¸ðµéÀº ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ¾Æ±âÀÇ ÀáÀÚ´Â °Åó·Î ¹æ Çϳª¸¦ ÁغñÇÑ´Ù. ¼ö½Ê ³â µ¿¾È, ¾ÆÀÌ ¾çÀ°¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Àü¹®°¡µéÀÇ Ãæ°í´Â ¹ã ½Ã°£¿¡ ¾ÆÀ̸¦ ºÎ¸ð·ÎºÎÅÍ ¶¼¾î³õ´Â °ÍÀ» Àå·ÁÇØ ¿Ô´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ¾Æ±âµéÀº »ýÈÄ 3°³¿ù ÁîÀ½¿¡´Â ÀÚ±âµé¸¸ÀÇ ¹æÀ¸·Î ¿Å°ÜÁ®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ÇÑ ¿¬±¸´Â ±ÇÀåÇÑ´Ù. ¡°»ýÈÄ 6°³¿ù±îÁö ±ÔÄ¢ÀûÀ¸·Î ºÎ¸ðÀÇ ¹æ¿¡¼­ ÀÚ´Â ¾ÆÀÌ´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹èÄ¡¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.¡±¶ó°í ±× ¿¬±¸´Â º¸°íÇÑ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ºÎ¸ð¿Í À¯¾Æ°¡ ¡®ÇÔ²² ÀÚ´Â °Í¡¯Àº ¼¼°è Àα¸ÀÇ ¾à 90ÆÛ¼¾Æ® »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô´Â Ç¥ÁØÀÌ´Ù. ÀϺ»Àεé, °úÅ׸»¶óÀÇ ¸¶¾ßÀεé, ±×¸®°í ij³ª´Ù ºÏ¼­ Áö¹æÀÇ ÀÌ´ºÀÕÁ·°ú °°Àº ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¹®È­±Ç¿¡¼­ ±×°ÍÀ» ÇàÇÑ´Ù. (Çؼ³) (A) µÚ¿¡ ¸ñÀû¾î¸¦ °¡Áú ¼ö ÀÖ´Â encouraged°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (B) °ü°è´ë¸í»ç°¡ À̲ô´Â regularly sleeps in her parents' room¿¡ Á־ ¾øÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ÁÖ°Ý °ü°è´ë¸í»çÀÎ who°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (C) 'as£«Çü¿ë»ç£«as' ±¸¹®ÀÌ ¸í»ç¸¦ µÚ¿¡¼­ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ±¸Á¶À̹ǷÎ, Çü¿ë»ç diverse°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) For example, a study _recommends_ that babies _be_ moved into their own room by three months of age.: ÁÖÀå, ¸í·É, ¿ä±¸, Á¦¾ÈÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â µ¿»çÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î·Î ¾²ÀÎ thatÀý¿¡¼­´Â '(should£«)µ¿»ç¿øÇü'ÀÌ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * await: ~À» ±â´Ù¸®´Ù * typically: ÀüÇüÀûÀ¸·Î, ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î * furnish: °®Ãß´Ù, ºñÄ¡ÇÏ´Ù * quarters: °Åó, ó¼Ò, ¼÷¼Ò * child-rearing: ¾ÆÀÌ ¾çÀ° * separation: ºÐ¸® * arrangement: ¹èÄ¡, ¹è¿­, Á¤·Ä * norm: Ç¥ÁØ, ±âÁØ, ±Ô¹ü * approximately: ´ë·« * diverse: ´Ù¾çÇÑ 25ÂÊ (Çؼ³) ¨é is capable of ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ¸ñÀû¾î°¡ and¿¡ ÀÇÇØ º´·Ä ±¸Á¶·Î ¿¬°áµÇ¾î¾ß ÇϹǷÎ, operating°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î to place¸¦ µ¿¸í»ç placingÀ¸·Î °íÃÄ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¨ç ¾Õ¿¡ ³ª¿Â space missions¸¦ ´ë½ÅÇÏ´Â ´ë¸í»ç ones´Â ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨è equipment´Â ¼¿ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ¸í»çÀ̹ǷΠmuch´Â ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ê ºÎÁ¤¾î°¡ ¹®µÎ¿¡ ¿À¸é¼­ µµÄ¡°¡ µÈ ±¸¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ÁÖ¾îÀÎ a computer°¡ ´Ü¼öÀ̹ǷΠ´Ü¼ö µ¿»ç is´Â ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ë as´Â ¡®~ÇÒ ¶§¡¯ÀÇ Àǹ̷Π¾²ÀÎ Á¢¼Ó»çÀÌ´Ù. (±¸¹®) _While_ manned space missions are more costly than unmanned ones, they are more successful.: WhileÀº Á¢¼Ó»ç·Î ¡®~ÇÏ´Â ¹Ý¸é¿¡¡¯¶ó´Â Àǹ̸¦ °¡Áø´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * manned: »ç¶÷ÀÌ Å¾½ÂÇÑ * astronaut: ¿ìÁÖºñÇà»ç * operate: ÀÛµ¿ÇÏ´Ù, Á¶ÀÛÇÏ´Ù * appropriate: ÀûÀýÇÑ * sensitive: ¹Î°¨ÇÑ * geographical: Áö¸®ÀûÀÎ * capability: ´É·Â * irrelevant: ºÎÀûÀýÇÑ, ¹«°üÇÑ 29. Çؼ®: ¿ì¸®°¡ ¹«¾ùÀ» ±¸¸ÅÇϵçÁö °£¿¡, ¿ì¸®°¡ ¼±ÅÃÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ±Ùº»ÀûÀ¸·Î »óÇ¥°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¹®È­À̰ųª ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ±× ¹®È­¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀÌ Âõ¾îÁø û¹ÙÁö¸¦ ÀÔµç, ½Ã¸¦ ¾Ï¼ÛÇϱ⸦ ÁÁ¾ÆÇϵç, ±×·¸°Ô ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ´ç½ÅÀº ¾î¶² Áý´ÜÀÇ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¼ÓÇØ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ¿ì¸®°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ÀÌ·¯Àú·¯ÇÏ´Ù°í ¹Ï´Â °ÍÀº ¿ì¸®°¡ ´©±¸¸¦ ´à°í ½Í¾î ÇÏ´ÂÁö¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÑ °á°úÀ̸ç, ±× °á°ú ¿ì¸®´Â ´Ù¾çÇÏ°íµµ ÀÚÁÖ ¹Ì¹¦ÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé°ú ´à°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ¿å¸ÁÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. ºñ·Ï ÀÌ·± °úÁ¤ÀÌ ÀÎÀ§ÀûÀ̶ó ÇÒÁö¶óµµ, ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¡®Á¤Ã¼¼º¡¯, Áï ¿ì¸®°¡ ½º½º·Î¿Í ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ±¸ºÐÇÏ´Â ¿Ü¸é»óÀÇ Â÷ÀÌÁ¡¿¡ ±â¹ÝÇÑ Á¤Ã¼¼ºÀÌ µÈ´Ù. °á±¹, ¿ì¸®´Â ÀÌ°Í, ´Ù½Ã ¸»ÇØ ÀÚ¾Æ Á¤Ã¼¼º, Áï ¿ì¸®°¡ ´©±¸ÀÎÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áö½ÄÀ» À§ÇØ ±¸¸Å¸¦ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) (A) whatever µÚ¿¡´Â ºÒ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ±¸Á¶ÀÇ ¹®ÀåÀÌ ¿Í¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. µÚ¿¡ À̾îÁö´Â ¹®ÀåÀº ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ±¸Á¶À̹ǷΠwhether°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. À̶§ whether´Â ¡®~ÀÌµç ¡¦À̵硯ÀÇ Àǹ̷Π¾çº¸ÀÇ ºÎ»çÀýÀ» À̲ö´Ù. (B) ÁÖ¾î·Î ¾²ÀÎ Àý Who we believe we are´Â ´Ü¼ö Ãë±ÞÇϹǷΠ´Ü¼ö µ¿»ç is°¡ ¿Í¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (C) ground´Â ¡®¼¼¿ì´Ù, ÀÔ°¢½ÃÅ°´Ù¡¯ÀÇ ¶æÀÌ´Ù. ¸í»ç an identity¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â ºÐ»ç·Î ÀÇ¹Ì °ü°è°¡ ¼öµ¿À̹ǷΠ°ú°ÅºÐ»ç grounded(¡¦¿¡ ±Ù°Å¸¦ µÐ)°¡ ¿Í¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. an identity (which is) grounded on ~À¸·Î 'ÁÖ°Ý °ü°è´ë¸í»ç+beµ¿»ç'°¡ »ý·«µÈ °ÍÀ¸·Î º¼ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. (±¸¹®) * _No matter what_ we are shopping for, it is _not_ primarily a brand we are choosing, _but_ a culture, or rather the people associated with that culture.: No matter whatÀº Whatever·Î ¹Ù²Ü ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¡®¿ì¸®°¡ ¹«¾ùÀ» ~ÇÒÁö¶óµµ¡¯¶ó´Â ¾çº¸ÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ °®´Â´Ù. 'not A but B' ±¸¹®ÀÇ »ç¿ë¿¡µµ À¯ÀÇÇÑ´Ù. * _Artificial as this process is_, this is what becomes our ¡®identity,¡¯ ~.: º¸¾î·Î ¾²ÀÎ Çü¿ë»ç°¡ as ¾Õ¿¡ ¿À°Ô µÇ¸é ¾çº¸ÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ °®´Â´Ù. Áï, Though this process is artificial·Î ¹Ù²Ü ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * primarily: ±Ùº»ÀûÀ¸·Î, º»·¡ * recite: ¾Ï¼ÛÇÏ´Ù * subsequently: °á°ú·Î¼­, ±× ÈÄ * demonstrate: (°¨Á¤ µîÀ») Ç¥½ÃÇÏ´Ù, Áõ¸íÇÏ´Ù, ³íÁõÇÏ´Ù * subtle: ¹Ì¹¦ÇÑ * artificial: ÀÎÀ§ÀûÀÎ * identity: µ¿ÀÏÇÔ, Á¤Ã¼¼º * superficial: ¿Ü¸éÀûÀÎ * distinguish: ±¸º°ÇÏ´Ù, ½Äº°ÇÏ´Ù 30. Çؼ®: °ÅÀÇ ¸ÅÀÏ ³ª´Â ³»°¡ ¡®Å¸ÀӸӽš¯À̶ó°í ºÎ¸£´Â °ÔÀÓÀ» È¥ÀÚ¼­ ÇÑ´Ù. ³ª´Â ³ª ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ¾ÆÁÖ È­³ª°Ô ¸¸µå´Â ¾î¶² °ÍÀÌ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù´Â ³ªÀÇ À߸øµÈ ¹ÏÀ½¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ëÀÀÀ¸·Î ±×°ÍÀ» ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. ¡®Å¸ÀӸӽš¯À» ÀÛµ¿½ÃÅ°±â À§Çؼ­ ´ç½ÅÀÌ ÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â ÀÏÀÇ ÀüºÎ´Â ´ç½ÅÀÌ ´Ù·ç°í ÀÖ´Â ¾î¶°ÇÑ »óȲµµ ´çÀåÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Áö±ÝºÎÅÍ ÀÏ ³â ÈÄ¿¡ ¹ß»ýÇÑ´Ù°í »ó»óÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ¹è¿ìÀÚ¿ÍÀÇ ³íÀï, ½Ç¼ö ¶Ç´Â ³õÃÄ ¹ö¸° ±âȸÀÏ ¼öµµ ÀÖÁö¸¸, Áö±ÝºÎÅÍ 1³â ÈÄÀÇ ´ç½ÅÀº (±×°Í¿¡) ½Å°æÀ» ¾²Áö ¾ÊÀ» °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ¾ÆÁÖ ³ô´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ´ç½ÅÀÇ »î¿¡¼­ ¶Ç ÇϳªÀÇ ¹«ÀǹÌÇÑ »ç¼ÒÇÑ ÀÏÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ´Ü¼øÇÑ °ÔÀÓÀÌ ´ç½ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÇØ°áÇÏÁö ¸øÇÒÁö¶óµµ, ±×°ÍÀº ´ç½Å¿¡°Ô ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °üÁ¡À» ´ë´ÜÈ÷ ¸¹ÀÌ ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ³ª´Â °ú°Å¿¡ ³Ê¹«µµ ½É°¢ÇÏ°Ô ¹Þ¾Æµé¿´´ø ÀÏ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¿ô¾î³Ñ±â°í ÀÖ´Â ³ª ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÑ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¨ê every´Â ´Ü¼ö ¸í»ç ¾Õ¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í, º¹¼ö ¸í»ç ¾Õ¿¡´Â ¿Ã ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î every¸¦ all·Î °íÃÄ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¨ç ¾Õ¿¡ ³ª¿Â ¸í»ç gameÀÌ ¼±Çà»çÀÎ ¸ñÀû°Ý °ü°è´ë¸í»çÀÌ´Ù. ¨è ¡®~Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿©¡¯¶ó´Â Àǹ̸¦ °®´Â ºÎ»çÀû ¿ë¹ýÀÇ toºÎÁ¤»çÀÌ´Ù. ¨é beµ¿»çÀÇ º¸¾î·Î ¡®~ÇÒ °Í °°Àº¡¯À̶ó´Â Àǹ̸¦ °®´Â Çü¿ë»çÀÌ´Ù. ¨ë Á¶µ¿»ç used to ´ÙÀ½¿¡ µ¿»ç¿øÇü take°¡ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. (±¸¹®) I made it up in response to my erroneous belief _that_ what I was all worked up about was really important.: that ÀÌÇÏ´Â my erroneous belief¿Í µ¿°ÝÀ» ÀÌ·ç´Â ¸í»çÀýÀÌ´Ù. thatÀý¿¡¼­ what ¡¦ about´Â ¼±Çà»ç¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â °ü°è´ë¸í»çwhatÀÌ À̲ô´Â ¸í»çÀý·Î µ¿»ç wasÀÇ ÁÖ¾î ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * in response to: ~¿¡ ÀÀÇÏ¿© * erroneous: À߸øµÈ, Ʋ¸° 26ÂÊ * circumstance: »óȲ * spouse: ¹è¿ìÀÚ * irrelevant: ¹«ÀǹÌÇÑ, °ü·Ã ¾ø´Â * perspective: °üÁ¡, ½Ã°¢, °ßÇØ 31. Çؼ®: Brown ¾¾´Â ±×ÀÇ ÇлýµéÀÌ ½Ç»ýÈ°ÀÇ ¸Æ¶ô¿¡¼­ ¼öÇÐÀ» ¹è¿ì±â¸¦ ¿øÇß´Ù. ±×´Â ÇлýµéÀÌ ´ÜÁö Ã¥¿¡¼­ ³ª¿Â ¹®Á¦¸¸ ÇØ°áÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÃæºÐÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù°í ´À²¼´Ù. ±×ÀÇ Çлýµé¿¡°Ô ¼öÇÐÀÌ ½ÇÁ¦·Î ¾ó¸¶³ª ±×µéÀ» µµ¿ï ¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö º¸¿©ÁÖ±â À§ÇØ, ±×´Â ÀÏ ³â¿¡ ¸î ¹øÀÇ ´ëȸ¸¦ °³ÃÖÇß´Ù. ±× ´ëȸ´Â ÇлýµéÀÌ ¼öÇÐÀ» ¿¬½ÀÇÏ°í µ·À» ¸¶·ÃÇϸ鼭 Áñ°Ì°Ô º¸³»´Â °ÍÀ» °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇØÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ÇѹøÀº ¾îÇ׿¡ °ø±êµ¹À» ä¿î ÈÄ¿¡ Çлýµé¿¡°Ô ¾ó¸¶³ª ¸¹Àº °ø±êµ¹ÀÌ °Å±â¿¡ ÀÖ´ÂÁö ÃßÃøÇØ º¸¶ó°í ÇÏ¿´°í, ¿ì½ÂÀÚ¿¡°Ô´Â °øÂ¥ Á¡½ÉÀ» »óÀ¸·Î ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ¶Ç ¾ðÁ¨°¡´Â ÇȾ÷ Æ®·°ÀÇ µÚ Ä­ÀÌ ¾ó¸¶³ª ¸¹Àº ź»êÀ½·á ĵÀ» ´ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö ÃßÃøÇØ º¸´Â ´ëȸ¿¡µµ ÇлýµéÀº Âü°¡Çß´Ù. À̱â±â À§Çؼ­, ±×µéÀº ¾î¸²ÁüÀÛÇÏ°í, °öÇÏ°í, ³ª´©°í, ±×¸®°í ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ´Â ±â¼úÀ» ¿¬½ÀÇؾ߸¸ Çß´Ù. ±×µéÀº »ó±ÝÀ¸·Î ¹ÞÀº µ·ÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀ» ¿¬¸»ÀÇ ÇöÀå ÇнÀÀ» À§Çؼ­ »ç¿ëÇß´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¨ê°¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ ¹®ÀåÀº guessÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î·Î »ç¿ëµÈ °£Á¢Àǹ®¹®À¸·Î, 'Àǹ®»ç±¸£«Á־µ¿»ç'ÀÇ ¾î¼øÀ» ÃëÇÏ°í Àִµ¥, ÁÖ¾îÀÎ the back of a pickup truckÀÌ holdÀÇ µ¿ÀÛÀ» ÇÏ´Â ÁÖüÀ̹ǷΠwas held´Â ´Éµ¿ÇüÀÎ held·Î °íÃÄ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¨ç ¾Õ¿¡ ³ª¿Â his students¸¦ ´ë½ÅÇÏ´Â ¸ñÀû°Ý ´ë¸í»ç themÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¨è allowÀÇ ¸ñÀû°Ýº¸¾î·Î toºÎÁ¤»ç°¡ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¨é ÁÖ¾î he¿¡ µ¿»ç filled, asked, awarded°¡ º´·Ä ±¸Á¶·Î ¿¬°áµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¨ë most of´Â ¸í»ç ¾Õ¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ¾î ¡®~ÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐ¡¯À̶ó´Â Àǹ̸¦ °®´Â´Ù. (±¸¹®) _Once_ he filled a fishbowl with marbles, asked the students to guess _how many marbles there were_, and awarded a free lunch to the winner.: ¿©±â¼­ Once´Â ¡®ÇѶ§´Â¡¯ ¶Ç´Â ¡®ÇѹøÀº¡¯À̶ó´Â Àǹ̸¦ °®´Â ºÎ»çÀ̸ç, ¡®ÀÏ´Ü ~Çϸ顯À̶ó´Â Á¢¼Ó»ç·Î ¿ÀÇØÇؼ­´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù. µ¿»ç guessÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î·Î °£Á¢Àǹ®¹®ÀÌ À̾îÁ³´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * context: ¹®¸Æ, ¸Æ¶ô * work out: ÇØ°áÇÏ´Ù * hold: ¿­´Ù, °³ÃÖÇÏ´Ù, ¼ö¿ëÇÏ´Ù * fishbowl: ¾îÇ× * marble: ±¸½½, ´ë¸®¼® * award: »óÀ» ÁÖ´Ù * estimate: ¾î¸²ÁüÀÛÇÏ´Ù, »êÁ¤ÇÏ´Ù * multiply: °öÇÏ´Ù 32. Çؼ®: °¡·Î¼öµéÀº Æ÷ÀåµÈ µµ·Î¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ´ÜÁö Æò¹æÇÇÆ® Å©±âÀÇ ±¸¸Ûµé¸¸ °¡Áö°í »ýÁ¸Çϱâ´Â Èûµé´Ù. ÄÜÅ©¸®Æ®¿Í ¾Æ½ºÆÈÆ®·Î µÑ·¯½ÎÀÎ °¡·Î¼öÀÇ Æò±Õ ¼ö¸íÀº 7³â¿¡¼­ 15³âÀÌ´Ù. ÁöÇÏÀÇ ¸¹Àº ¿äÀεéÀÌ °¡·Î¼ö°¡ »ì¾Æ³²À»Áö¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸¾à Åä¾çÀÌ ³Ê¹« Á¶¹ÐÇؼ­ »Ñ¸®°¡ ±× ¾ÈÀ¸·Î µé¾î°¥ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù¸é ±×°ÍÀº ºÐ¸íÈ÷ Á×À» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×°ÍµéÀÌ µé¾î°¥ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¸é »ýÁ¸¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¹°°ú ¿µ¾çºÐÀ» ¾òÀ» °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ´õ Å©´Ù. ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ¹®Á¦´Â ÀûÀýÇÑ ¹° °ø±ÞÀÌ ÀÚ¶ó°í ÀÖ´Â °÷¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÏ°í ÀÖ´À³Ä ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¹°ÀÇ ÀϺδ ÁöÇÏ ¼ö¿øÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿À°í ÀϺδ ºñ¿¡¼­ ¿À´Âµ¥, ³ª¹«°¡ ±×°ÍÀ» ¾îµð¼­ ¾ò´ÂÁö¸¦ ÆÇ´ÜÇϱâ´Â ¾î·Æ´Ù. ¹°·Ð, »Ñ¸®°¡ ¸¸¾à Çϼöµµ·Î µé¾î°£´Ù¸é ±×°ÍµéÀº ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (Çؼ³) (A) ÁÖ¾îÀÎ The average life¿¡ ¿¬°áµÇ´Â ´Ü¼ö µ¿»ç is°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (B) ¹°°ú ¿µ¾çºÐÀÌ »ýÁ¸Çϱâ À§ÇØ ¡®ÇÊ¿ä·Î µÇ´Â¡¯ °ÍÀ̹ǷΠ¼öµ¿ÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ °¡Áø °ú°ÅºÐ»ç needed°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. needed ¾Õ¿¡ which are¸¦ ³Ö¾î º¸¸é ¼ö½Ä °ü°è°¡ ´õ¿í ºÐ¸íÇØÁø´Ù. (C) µ¿»ç measureÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î ¿ªÇÒ·Î °£Á¢Àǹ®¹®ÀÌ ¿Í¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. µÚ¿¡ À̾îÁö´Â ¹®ÀåÀÌ ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ±¸Á¶ÀÇ ¹®ÀåÀ̹ǷΠÀǹ®ºÎ»ç where°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) * _It_ is hard _for_ street trees _to survive_ with only foot-square holes in the pavement.: 'It ~£«for ¡¦£«toºÎÁ¤»ç(°¡ÁÖ¾î-ÁøÁÖ¾î)' ±¸¹®ÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. À̶§ 'for ¡¦'´Â toºÎÁ¤»çÀÇ Àǹ̻óÀÇ ÁÖ¾îÀÌ´Ù. * Another question is _whether_ adequate water supplies are getting into the growing area.: whether´Â ¡®~ÀÎÁö ¾Æ´ÑÁö¡¯ÀÇ Àǹ̷Πif·Î ¹Ù²Ü ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, isÀÇ º¸¾î·Î ¾²ÀÎ ¸í»çÀýÀ» À̲ø°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * pavement: Æ÷Àå µµ·Î * factor: ¿äÀÎ, ¿ä¼Ò * make it: »ì¾Æ³²´Ù, ¼º°øÇÏ´Ù, Çس»´Ù * nutrient: ¿µ¾çºÐ * adequate: ÀûÀýÇÑ * measure: ÆÇ´ÜÇÏ´Ù, ¾î¸²Àâ´Ù * sewer: Çϼö(µµ), Çϼö±¸ 33. Çؼ®: ¸¹Àº »çȸ°úÇÐÀÚµéÀº Çѵ¿¾È Ãâ»ý ¼ø¼­°¡ ¼º°Ý°ú ¼ºÀαâÀÇ »îÀÇ ¼ºÃë¿¡ Á÷Á¢ÀûÀ¸·Î ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ£´Ù°í ¹Ï¾î ¿Ô´Ù. »ç½Ç, »ç¶÷µéÀº °ø°ÝÀûÀÎ Çൿ¶Ç´Â ¼öµ¿ÀûÀÎ ±âÁú°ú °°Àº ¼º°Ý ¿äÀÎÀ» ¼³¸íÇϱâ À§ÇØ Ãâ»ý ¼ø¼­¸¦ »ç¿ëÇØ ¿Ô´Ù. »ç¶÷µéÀº ¡°¾Æ, ³ª´Â ¼¼ ÀڸŠÁß¿¡ ¸ºÀÌ¶ó¼­ ³»°¡ °Å¸¸ÇÏ°Ô ÇൿÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾î.¡± ¶Ç´Â ¡°³ª´Â ¸·³»¶ó¼­ ÇüÀ̳ª ´©³ªº¸´Ù ´ú Àû±ØÀûÀ̾ »ç¾÷¿¡ ±×´ÙÁö ¼º°øÀûÀÌÁö ¸øÇØ.¡±¶ó°í ¸»ÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÃÖ±ÙÀÇ ¿¬±¸´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹ÏÀ½ÀÌ À߸øµÈ °ÍÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÔÁõÇØ ¿Ô´Ù. ´Ù½Ã ¸»ÇØ, Ãâ»ý ¼ø¼­°¡ °¡Á· ³»¿¡¼­ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ±ÔÁ¤ÁöÀ» ¼ö´Â ÀÖÁö¸¸, ´Ù¸¥ »çȸÀû ¿ªÇÒÀ» ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀ̸鼭 ¼ºÀαâ·Î ¼º¼÷ÇØ °¥ ¶§, Ãâ»ý ¼ø¼­´Â ´ú Áß¿äÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. (Çؼ³) 27ÂÊ Á¢¼Ó»ç thatÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (B) ¡¦ and thus (I am) less aggressiveÀÇ ¹®¸ÆÀ̹ǷΠbeµ¿»çÀÇ º¸¾î ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Çü¿ë»ç aggressive°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (C) as you accept other social roles(´ç½ÅÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ »çȸÀûÀÎ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀ̸鼭)¸¦ ºÐ»ç±¸¹®À¸·Î ¹Ù²Û ÇüÅÂÀ̹ǷΠacceptingÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) ¡¦ people have been using birth order _to account for_ personality factors _such as_ an aggressive behavior or a passive temperament.: to account for ÀÌÇÏ´Â ¸ñÀûÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ºÎ»çÀû ¿ë¹ýÀÇ toºÎÁ¤»çÀ̸ç, such as ÀÌÇÏ´Â ¾Õ¿¡ ³ª¿Â personality factorsÀÇ ¿¹¸¦ ¿­°ÅÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * birth order: Ãâ»ý ¼ø¼­ * account for: ~À» ¼³¸íÇÏ´Ù * aggressive: Àû±ØÀûÀÎ, °ø°ÝÀûÀÎ * temperament: ±âÁú * overbearing: °Å¸¸ÇÑ * define: Á¤ÀÇÇÏ´Ù * mature: ¼º¼÷ÇÏ´Ù * insignificant: Áß¿äÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº 34. Çؼ®: °¡±î¿î °Å¸®¸¦ ÀÌ»çÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ³Ê¹«³ª ½¬¿ö¼­ ÈûµéÀÌÁö ¾Ê°í Áï½Ã ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÒÁö ¸ð¸¥´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀº ÀÌ»ñÁü ȸ»çÀÇ ¼­ºñ½º¸¦ ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù°í »ý°¢Çϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ´ç½Å ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÚµ¿Â÷¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϱâ·Î °áÁ¤ÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ ´ç½ÅÀÇ »ý°¢Àº Ʋ¸± ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀº ÀÌ»ñÁüÀ» ²Ù¸± ¹°°ÇµéÀÌ ½ÇÁ¦·Î Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â °Í¸¸Å­ ¸¹Áö ¾Ê´Ù´Â À߸øµÈ »ý°¢À» °®°í ÀÖ´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀº ´ç½ÅÀÇ Â÷°¡ »ý°¢Çß´ø °Íº¸´Ù ±×´ÙÁö ¸¹ÀÌ ½Ç¾î ³ª¸£Áö ¸øÇÑ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» µÚ´Ê°Ô ±ú´Ý´Â´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ »ý°¢Çß´ø °Íº¸´Ù ´õ ¿©·¯ ¹ø »õ·Î ÀÌ»ç °¥ ÁýÀ¸·Î ÁüÀ» ½Ç¾î ¿î¹ÝÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ¹°°ÇÀ» ÈѼÕÇÒ °¡´É¼ºµµ Àִµ¥, ¹°°Çµé Áß¿¡´Â ±ÍÁßÇÑ °Íµµ ÀϺΠÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¸ðµç °ÍµéÀ» °í·ÁÇØ º»´Ù¸é, ÀÌ»ñÁü ȸ»ç¿¡ ºÎŹÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ´õ ÁÁÀ» Áöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¨ê damage´Â ÀüÄ¡»ç ofÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î ¿ªÇÒÀ» Çϸ鼭 your stuff¸¦ ¸ñÀû¾î·Î ÃëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â µ¿¸í»ç damagingÀ¸·Î °íÃÄ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¨ç effort´Â ¼¿ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ¸í»çÀ̹ǷΠlittleÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¨è ¹Ýº¹µÇ´Â have µ¿»ç ´ë½Å do°¡ ´ëµ¿»ç·Î »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¨é ºÎ»ç late(µÚ´Ê°Ô)¸¦ ´Ù¸¥ ºÎ»ç too°¡ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¨ë Àǹ̻óÀÇ Á־ ÁÖÀýÀÇ ÁÖ¾î¿Í ´Ù¸¥ µ¶¸³ ºÐ»ç±¸¹®ÀÌ´Ù. All these things¿Í ¼öµ¿ÀÇ ÀÇ¹Ì °ü°èÀ̹ǷΠ°ú°ÅºÐ»ç considered´Â ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) You are under the false impression _that_ you do not have as many items to pack as you really do.: that ÀÌÇÏ´Â ¾Õ¿¡ ³ª¿Â ¸í»ç±¸ the false impression°ú µ¿°Ý °ü°èÀ̸ç, 'as ¡¦ as' µ¿µîºñ±³ ±¸¹®ÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * in no time: Áï½Ã * with little effort: ¼Õ½±°Ô, ÈûµéÀÌÁö ¾Ê°í * be under the impression that: ¡¦ ~ÇÏ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù * pack: ²Ù¸®´Ù, ½Î´Ù * possibility: °¡´É¼º * stuff: ¹°°Ç 35. Çؼ®: ¸¸ÀÏ ´ç½ÅÀÌ À½½ÄÀ» »ç¾ß ÇÒ °æ¿ì ´ç½ÅÀÇ Áý ±Ùó¿¡ ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¿øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÆÄ´Â »óÁ¡À̳ª ¹éÈ­Á¡ÀÌ ¾Æ¸¶ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¼îÇÎÀÌ Ç×»ó ±×·¸°Ô ½¬¿ü´ø °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï¾ú´Ù. »óÁ¡µéÀº ´ÜÁö È­Æó°¡ µµÀԵǸ鼭 ½ÃÀ۵Ǿú´Ù. Ãʱ⠽ÃÀý¿¡´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀÛ¹°À̳ª ±×µéÀÌ ¸¸µç ¹°°ÇµéÀ» ±×µéÀÌ ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÏ´Â »óÇ°µé°ú ±³È¯Çß´Ù. ÃÖÃÊÀÇ »óÁ¡µéÀº ´ÜÁö °í±â¿Í »§°ú °°Àº ¼Ò¼öÀÇ »óÇ°µé¸¸ ÆȾҴÙ. 1850³â¿¡ ÇÑ ÁöºØ¾Æ·¡¼­ ¸¹Àº ´Ù¾çÇÑ Ç°¸ñµéÀ» ÆÄ´Â »óÁ¡ÀÎ ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ¹éÈ­Á¡ÀÌ Æĸ®¿¡¼­ ¹®À» ¿­¾ú´Ù. ¼¿ÇÁ¼­ºñ½º °¡°ÔµéÀº 1930³â´ë¿¡ ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­ ¹ß´ÞÇß´Ù. ±×°ÍµéÀº ¹Ì¸® Æ÷ÀåµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â »óÇ°µéÀ» ¼±¹Ý¿¡¼­ °ð¹Ù·Î ÆǸÅÇÔÀ¸·Î½á °í°´µé¿¡°Ô °³º°ÀûÀ¸·Î ¼­ºñ½ºÇÏ´ø ¿¾³¯ ¹æ½ÄÀ» ´ëüÇß´Ù. (Çؼ³) (A) sellsÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î·Î ¸í»çÀýÀÌ ¿Í¾ß Çϸç, À̾îÁö´Â Àý¿¡¼­ µ¿»ç wantÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ü°è´ë¸í»ç whatÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (B) ¼¿ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¸í»ç¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î a few°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (C) ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ¸ñÀû¾î°¡ À̾îÁö°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ´Éµ¿ÇüÀÇ µ¿¸í»çÀÎ sellingÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) ¡¦ the first department store, _a shop which sells many different items under one roof_, opened in Paris.: a shop ¡¦ roof´Â the first department store¿Í µ¿°ÝÀÌ¸ç ¹®ÀåÀÇ µ¿»ç´Â openedÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * introduction: µµÀÔ * trade: ±³È¯ÇÏ´Ù, ¹«¿ªÇÏ´Ù * item: ¹°Ç°, Ç׸ñ * replace: ´ëüÇÏ´Ù * individually: °³º°ÀûÀ¸·Î * prepackaged: ¹Ì¸® Æ÷ÀåµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â 28ÂÊ (Çؼ³) ¨ë ¸¶Áö¸· ¹®ÀåÀº as°¡ À̲ô´Â ºÎ»çÀý¸¸ ÀÖ°í ÁÖÀýÀÌ ¾ø´Â ¹®ÀåÀ̹ǷΠmakingÀ» make·Î °íÃÄ ÁÖÀýÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ´Â ¸í·É¹®ÀÌ µÇµµ·Ï ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¨ç averages´Â ÀÚµ¿»ç·Î ¾²¿© ¡®Æò±Õ ~°¡ µÇ´Ù¡¯ÀÇ Àǹ̷Π»ç¿ëµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, Á־ the temperature·Î ´Ü¼öÀ̹ǷΠ´Ü¼ö µ¿»ç°¡ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¨è ¸í»ç layers¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â ºÐ»ç·Î ¸í»ç¿ÍÀÇ ÀÇ¹Ì °ü°è°¡ ¼öµ¿À̹ǷΠ°ú°ÅºÐ»ç caused´Â ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨é as´Â Á¢¼Ó»ç·Î ¾²¿´À¸¹Ç·Î µÚ¿¡ ÁÖ¾î¿Í µ¿»ç°¡ ³ª¿Ô´Ù. ¨ê chocolateÀº ¡®º¸°üµÇ¾îÁö´Â °Í¡¯À̹ǷΠ¼öµ¿Å·Π¾´ °ÍÀº ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) ¡¦ even though it _should not_ be used for decorations ~.: Á¶µ¿»ç should notÀº ¡®~Çؼ­´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù¡¯´Â Àǹ̸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * last (ƯÁ¤ ±â°£ µ¿¾È) »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÃæºÐÇÏ´Ù(°¡´Ù) * layer: Ãþ * separation: ºÐ¸® * refrigerator: ³ÃÀå°í * freezer: ³Ãµ¿°í * take on: Áö´Ï´Ù * strike A as B: A¿¡°Ô B¶ó´Â ÀλóÀ» ÁÖ´Ù 37. Çؼ®: ³ªÀÇ ¾î¸° ½ÃÀý·ÎºÎÅÍ °¡Á®¿Â °¡Àå À¯¿ëÇÑ °ÍÀº µ¶¼­¿¡¼­ÀÇ ÀڽۨÀ̾ú´Ù. ¾ó¸¶ Àü¿¡, ³ª´Â ¾î¶»°Ô »ì¾Æ¾ß ÇÒÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü¼­¸¦ ¾òÀ¸·Á´Â Èñ¸Á¿¡¼­ ÁÖ¸»ÀÇ ÀÚ¾Æ Å½±¸ ¿¬¼ö¿¡ °¬´Ù. ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ÁÖ¾îÁø °úÁ¦µé Áß Çϳª´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »î¿¡¼­ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ 10°¡Áö »ç°ÇµéÀÇ ¸ñ·ÏÀ» ÀÛ¼ºÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. Á¦ÀÏ Ã³À½ ¸ñ·ÏÀº ¡®³ª´Â ž´Ù.¡¯¿´°í, »ç¶÷µéÀº ±× ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ±×µéÀÌ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¹«¾ùÀ̳ª ÀûÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×°Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ »ý°¢µµ Çغ¸Áö ¾Ê°í ³ªÀÇ ¼ÕÀº µÎ ¹ø° Ç׸ñÀ» Àû°í ÀÖ¾ú´Âµ¥ ±×°ÍÀº ¡®³ª´Â Àд °ÍÀ» ¹è¿ü´Ù.¡¯¿´´Ù. ¡®³ª´Â ž¼­ Àд °ÍÀ» ¹è¿ü´Ù.¡¯°¡ ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¶°¿À¸£´Â ¼ø¼­´Â ¾Æ´Ò °ÍÀ̶ó°í ³ª´Â »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ³ª´Â ³»°¡ ¸»ÇÏ°íÀÚÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ž´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ³ª¿¡°Ô ÀϾ ¾î¶² ÀÏÀ̾úÁö¸¸, ³» ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »îÀº ³»°¡ óÀ½À¸·Î ¹®ÀåÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ ÀÌÇØÇßÀ» ¶§ ½ÃÀ۵Ǿú´Ù. (Çؼ³) (A) ÁÖ¾îÀÎ One¿¡ À̾îÁö´Â ´Ü¼ö µ¿»ç was°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (B) À̾îÁö´Â ¹®ÀåÀÌ ºÒ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ±¸Á¶ÀÇ ¹®ÀåÀ̹ǷΠwhatever(¡¦ÇÏ´Â °Í(ÀÏ)Àº ¹«¾ùÀ̵ç)°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (C) ¼ö½ÄÀ» ¹Þ´Â somethingÀÌ µ¿»ç doÀÇ ´ë»óÀ̹ǷΠ¼öµ¿ÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ Áö´Ñ °ú°ÅºÐ»ç doneÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) I went on a weekend self-exploratory workshop, in the hope _of getting a clue about how to live_.: ÀüÄ¡»ç of ÀÌÇÏ´Â ¾Õ¿¡ ³ª¿Â the hope¿Í µ¿°ÝÀ¸·Î, getting ¡¦ live´Â the hope¸¦ ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀ¸·Î ¼³¸íÇØ ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * confidence: Àڽۨ * self-exploratory: ÀÚ¾Æ Å½±¸ÀÇ * workshop: ¿¬¼ö * sequence: ¼ø¼­ * occur to: ~¿¡°Ô ¶°¿À¸£´Ù * make out: ÀÌÇØÇÏ´Ù 38. Çؼ®: ÁÖÀ¯¼Ò´Â »ç¶÷ »çÀÌ¿¡ Á¢ÃËÀ» ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ¹æ½ÄÀ» Àß º¸¿© ÁÖ´Â »ç·ÊÀÌ´Ù. ¸¹Àº ÁÖÀ¯¼Ò¿¡¼­, Á¾¾÷¿øµéÀÌ ÈÖ¹ßÀ¯ ÁÖÀ¯¸¦ Áß´ÜÇϱâ±îÁö Çß´Ù. ÀÚµ¿Â÷ ¿îÀüÀÚµéÀº Á¾¾÷¿øÀÌ µ·À» ¹Þ±â À§ÇÑ Á¢½Ã°¡ ÀÖ´Â À¯¸® ºÎ½º ¾È¿¡ °¤Çô ÀÖ´Â ÁÖÀ¯¼Ò¿¡ Â÷¸¦ ´í´Ù. ¿îÀü»ç´Â Â÷¿¡¼­ ³»·Á, ÈÖ¹ßÀ¯¸¦ ÁÖÀ¯ÇÏ°í, µ·À» ³»±â À§ÇØ ºÎ½º·Î °É¾î°¡¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¿£Áø¿¡ ¹®Á¦°¡ Àְųª È÷ÅÍ°¡ ÀÛµ¿ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °í°´µéµµ º¸Åë ¿îÀÌ ¾ø´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿ÖÀϱî? ¸¹Àº ÁÖÀ¯¼ÒµéÀÌ ±Ù¹« ÁßÀÎ Á¤ºñ°øµéÀ» ¾ø¾Ö ¹ö·È±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ¼Ø¾¾ ÁÁÀº Á¤ºñ°øÀº ÀÚµ¿Â÷¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÀüÇô ¾ËÁö ¸øÇÏ°í ÀüÇô °ü½ÉÀÌ ¾ø´Â Á¦º¹À» ÀÔÀº ½Ê´ëµé·Î ´ëüµÇ¾ú´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¨ë ¼±Çà»ç´Â a uniformÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó a teenagerÀ̹ǷΠwhich¸¦ who·Î °íÃÄ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¨ç ÁÖÀ¯¸¦ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀ̹ǷΠstop ´ÙÀ½¿¡ µ¿¸í»ç°¡ ¹Ù¸£°Ô ¾²¿´´Ù. ¨è Á¾¾÷¿øÀÌ ¡®µÑ·¯½Î¿©¡¯ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ̹ǷΠ¼öµ¿Å·Π¾´ °ÍÀº ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨é Á¶µ¿»ç must¿¡ ¿¬°áµÇ¾î µ¿»ç¿øÇüÀÌ ³ª¿­µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¨ê ºóµµºÎ»ç°¡ beµ¿»ç ´ÙÀ½¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÑ °ÍÀº ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) The skillful mechanic _has been replaced_ by a teenager in a uniform ~.: ÇöÀç¿Ï·á ¼öµ¿Å ±¸¹®À¸·Î ´Éµ¿Å·Π°íÄ¡¸é A teenager in a uniform ¡¦ has replaced the skillful mechanic.ÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * impersonal: ºñÀΰÝÀûÀÎ * attendant: Á¾¾÷¿ø * pull up to: (Â÷¸¦) ~¿¡ ´ë´Ù * enclose: ¿¡¿ö½Î´Ù, µÑ·¯½Î´Ù * non-functioning: ÀÛµ¿ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â * get rid of: ~À» Á¦°ÅÇÏ´Ù * on-duty: ±Ù¹« ÁßÀÎ * mechanic ¼ö¸®°ø * replace: ´ëüÇÏ´Ù 39. Çؼ®: ÀÌ Á¤¿ø¿¡ µé¾î¿ÀÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ ³»°¡ óÀ½ ¾Ë¾ÆÂ÷¸° °ÍÀº ¹ß¸ñ ³ôÀÌÀÇ Ç®ÀÌ ¿ïŸ¸® ¹Ý´ëÆíÀÇ Ç®º¸´Ù ´õ Ǫ¸£´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¹«¼öÈ÷ ´Ù¾çÇÑ Ç°Á¾ÀÇ ¾ß»ýÈ­ ¼ö½Ê ±×·ç°¡ ±æ ¾çÆíÀ¸·Î ¶¥À» µ¤°í ÀÖ´Ù. µ¢±¼ ½Ä¹°µéÀº À±ÀÌ ³ª´Â ÀººûÀÇ ´ë¹®À» µ¤°í ÀÖ°í °ÅÇ°À» ³»¸ç È帣´Â ¹°¼Ò¸®°¡ ¾îµð¿¡¼±°¡ µé·Á¿Â´Ù. ¾ß»ýÈ­ Çâ±â´Â °ø±â Áß¿¡ °¡µæÇÏ°í Ç®Àº »êµé¹Ù¶÷¿¡ ÃãÀ» Ãá´Ù. Ç®ÀÌ µé¾î ÀÖ´Â Å« ¹Ù±¸´Ï°¡ ¼­ÂÊ ¿ïŸ¸®¿¡ ±â´ë¾î ³õ¿© ÀÖ´Ù. ³ª´Â ÀÌ Á¤¿øÀ¸·Î °É¾îµé¾î ¿Ã ¶§¸¶´Ù ¡®³«¿ø¿¡ »ç´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾î¶² °ÍÀÎÁö¸¦ ÀÌÁ¦¾ß ¾Ë°Ú¾î.¡¯¶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù. (Çؼ³) 29ÂÊ (B) º¹¼öÇü ¸í»ç ¾ÕÀ̹ǷΠboth°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. either ´ÙÀ½¿¡´Â ´Ü¼öÇü ¸í»ç°¡ ¿Â´Ù. (C) ÁÖ¾îÀÎ The perfume¿¡ ¿¬°áµÇ´Â ´Ü¼ö µ¿»ç fills°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) The first thing I notice _upon entering_ this garden ~.: 'upon(on)£«-ing'´Â ¡®~ÇÏÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ¡¯¶ó´Â Àǹ̸¦ °®´Â Ç¥ÇöÀ¸·Î, as soon as I enter·Î ¹Ù²ã ¾µ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * ankle-high: ¹ß¸ñ ³ôÀÌÀÇ * countless: ¼ö¸¹Àº * variety: Ç°Á¾, º¯Á¾ * polish: Ç°À§ ÀÖ°Ô ÇÏ´Ù, À±ÀÌ ³ª´Ù * bubble: °ÅÇ°À» ³»¸ç È帣´Ù * perfume: Çâ±â * breeze: »êµé¹Ù¶÷ 40. Çؼ®: ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ¾î¶² ½Ã±â¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ±â¾ï·ÂÀº ±×°ÍÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¸Ö¾îÁü¿¡ µû¶ó ¹Ýµå½Ã ¾àÇØÁø´Ù. »ç¶÷µéÀº °è¼ÓÇؼ­ »õ·Î¿î »ç½ÇÀ» ¹è¿ì¸ç, ¿¾³¯ °ÍÀº »õ·Î¿î °Íµé¿¡ ÀÚ¸®¸¦ ¾çº¸Çϱâ À§ÇØ ¶³¾îÁ® ³ª°¡¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. 20»ì ¶§, ³ª´Â Áö±ÝÀº ÀüÇô ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÒ Á¤È®¼ºÀ¸·Î ³» ÇÐâ ½ÃÀýÀÇ ¿ª»ç¸¦ ±Û·Î ¿Å±æ ¼öµµ ÀÖ¾úÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª »ç¶÷ÀÇ ±â¾ï·ÂÀº ±ä ½Ã°£ÀÌ °æ°úÇÑ ÈÄ¿¡µµ ÈξÀ ´õ ³¯Ä«·Î¿öÁö´Â ÀÏÀÌ ¶ÇÇÑ ÀϾ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº »õ·Î¿î ´«À¸·Î °ú°Å¸¦ º¸°í ÀÌÀü¿¡´Â ¼ö¸¹Àº ´Ù¸¥ °Íµé »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ ±¸º°µÇÁö ¾ÊÀº ä·Î Á¸ÀçÇß´ø »ç½ÇµéÀ» ºÐ¸®½ÃÅ°°í, ¸»ÇÏÀÚ¸é ±× »ç½Çµé¿¡ ÁÖ¸ñÇÒ ¼ö Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ¾î¶² Àǹ̿¡¼­ ³»°¡ ±â¾ïÇßÁö¸¸ ¾ÆÁÖ ÃÖ±Ù±îÁö ³ª¿¡°Ô ÀÌ»óÇϰųª Èï¹Ì·Ó°Ô ´Ù°¡¿ÀÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´ø ÀϵéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¨ë whatÀº ¾Õ¿¡ ¼±Çà»çÀÎ things°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î which·Î °íÃÄ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. which´Â rememberedÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¼±Çà»ç things¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â °ü°è´ë¸í»ç ÀýÀÌ µÎ °³ ¿¬°áµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â ±¸Á¶ÀÌ´Ù. ¨ç as´Â Á¢¼Ó»ç·Î ¡®~ÇÔ¿¡ µû¶ó¡¯¶ó´Â Àǹ̸¦ °®´Â´Ù. ¨è to make way for themÀº ¸ñÀûÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ºÎ»çÀû ¿ë¹ýÀÇ toºÎÁ¤»çÀÌ´Ù. ¨é ºñ±³±ÞÀ» ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â ºÎ»ç´Â much, far, still µîÀÌ´Ù. ¨ê because´Â Á¢¼Ó»ç·Î¼­ ÀýÀ» À̲ø°í ÀÖ´Ù. (±¸¹®) ¡¦ _one_ is looking at the past with fresh eyes and can isolate and, as it were, notice facts _which_ previously existed undifferentiated among a mass of others.: ÁÖ¾î´Â oneÀ̸ç, µ¿»ç´Â is looking°ú can isolate (notice)ÀÌ´Ù. which´Â ÁÖ°Ý °ü°è´ë¸í»ç·Î ¾Õ¿¡ ³ª¿Â facts¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÑ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * weaken: ¾àÇØÁö´Ù * make way for: ~¿¡ ÀÚ¸®¸¦ ¾çº¸ÇÏ´Ù * accuracy: Á¤È®¼º * passage: °æ°ú * isolate: ºÐ¸®½ÃÅ°´Ù * undifferentiated: ±¸ºÐµÇÁö ¾ÊÀº * recently: ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ 41. Çؼ®: ³»°Ô´Â °¡¸£ÃÄ¾ß ÇÒ 20¸íÀÇ ½Ã°ñ ¼Ò³àµéÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Âµ¥, ±×µé Áß ¸î ¸íÀº ³Ê¹«³ª °­ÇÑ ½Ã°ñ »çÅõ¸®¸¦ »ç¿ëÇؼ­ ±×µé°ú °ÅÀÇ ÀÇ»ç¼ÒÅëÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ´ÜÁö 3¸í¸¸ÀÌ ÀÐÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú°í ¾µ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷Àº ÀüÇô ¾ø¾î¼­ ù³¯ÀÌ ³¡³¯ ¹«·Æ ³ª´Â ³» ¾Õ¿¡ ³õ¿© ÀÖ´Â Èûµç ÀÏÀ» »ý°¢Çϸ鼭 ¾ÆÁÖ ¸¶À½ÀÌ ¿ïÀûÇß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ³ª´Â ³»°¡ ´ÙÇàÈ÷µµ ¾î¶² ÀϰŸ®¸¦ °¡Á³À¸¸ç, ¸Å¿ì °¡³­Çϱâ´Â ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¿µ±¹¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ÁÁÀº °¡Á¤ Ãâ½ÅÀÇ ¾ÆÀ̵鸸ŭ ÂøÇÏ°í ¿µ¸®ÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Â ÀÌ·± ¼Ò³àµéÀ» °¡¸£Ä¡´Â µ¥ Ʋ¸²¾øÀÌ Àͼ÷ÇØÁú °Å¶ó°í ³ª Àڽſ¡°Ô »ó±â½ÃÄ×´Ù. (Çؼ³) (A) 'such a/an£«Çü¿ë»ç£«¸í»ç£«that ¡¦(³Ê¹«³ª ~Çؼ­ ¡¦ÇÏ´Ù)' ±¸¹®À̹ǷΠÁ¢¼Ó»ç thatÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (B) ¡®¸¶À½ÀÌ ¿ïÀûÇÏ´Ù¡¯´Â feel depressed·Î Ç¥ÇöÇÑ´Ù. depressingÀº ¡®¿ïÀûÇÏ°Ô Çϴ¡¯ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀ̹ǷΠÀûÀýÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù. (C) 'get used to£«-ing(¡¦¿¡ Àͼ÷ÇØÁö´Ù)'ÀÇ Ç¥ÇöÀ̸ç, ÇÊÀÚ°¡ °¡¸£Ä¡´Â µ¥ Àͼ÷ÇØÁø´Ù´Â ¹®¸ÆÀ̹ǷΠ´Éµ¿ÇüÀÎ teachingÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) I reminded _myself_ that I was fortunate to have any sort of job, and that I would certainly ~.: ÁÖ¾î¿Í ¸ñÀû¾î°¡ µ¿ÀÏÀÎÀ̹ǷΠÀç±Í´ë¸í»ç myself¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿´°í, Á÷Á¢¸ñÀû¾î·Î that Àý µÎ °³°¡ º´·Ä ±¸Á¶·Î ¿¬°áµÇ¾ú´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * accent: »çÅõ¸®, °­¼¼ * at the (very) thought of: ~À» »ý°¢¸¸ Çصµ * remind: »ó±â½ÃÅ°´Ù * fortunate: ¿îÀÌ ÁÁÀº 42. Çؼ®: ¿ì¸®°¡ ºùÇ϶ó°í ºÎ¸£´Â À̵¿ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ¾óÀ½ µ¢¾î¸®´Â ÀÚ¿¬ÀÇ º¼°Å¸®µé Áß¿¡¼­µµ °¡Àå Àå°üÀ» ÀÌ·é´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº Á¶¹ÐÇÏ°Ô ¹¶ÃÄÁø ´«¿¡¼­ »ý°Ü³­´Ù. ½Ã³»¿Í ´Þ¸®, ºùÇÏ´Â ¿òÁ÷ÀÌ´Â °ÍÀ» º¼ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ÃøÁ¤ÇØ º¸¸é ±×°ÍÀÌ ¿òÁ÷ÀÌ°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ºùÇÏ¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ±â¹Ý¾ÏÀÇ Ä§½Ä°ú ħ½ÄµÈ ¹°ÁúÀÇ ÅðÀû¹°Àº µ¶Æ¯ÇÏ°í ½±°Ô ¾Ë¾Æ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×°ÍµéÀÇ ºÐÆ÷´Â ¿À·¡µÇÁö ¾ÊÀº °ú°Å¿¡ ºùÇÏ°¡ ¿À´Ã³¯º¸´Ù ÈξÀ ´õ ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÏ°Ô ÆÛÁ® ÀÖ¾ú´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» Ãß·ÐÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇØ ÁØ´Ù. µ¿½Ã¿¡, ÀÌ·± Áõ°Å´Â ¡®ºùÇϽô롯ÀÇ ¿øÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹®Á¦¸¦ Á¦±âÇß´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¨è°¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ ¹®ÀåÀº ´Éµ¿ÅÂÀÎ Unlike a stream, we cannot see a glacier move.¸¦ ¼öµ¿Å·Π¹Ù²Û ¹®ÀåÀε¥, Áö°¢µ¿»ç ¶§¹®¿¡ »ç¿ëµÈ ¿øÇüºÎÁ¤»ç move´Â ¼öµ¿Å°¡ µÇ¸é toºÎÁ¤»ç·Î ¹Ù²î¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ Unlike a stream, a glacier cannot be seen to move.°¡ µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. to move ´ë½Å¿¡ ÇöÀçºÐ»çÀÎ movingÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ¨ç Á־ the bodies·Î º¹¼öÀ̹ǷΠµ¿»ç·Î are°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨é Çü¿ë»ç¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â ºÎ»ç·Î easily°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ê ¾Õ¿¡ ºñ±³±ÞÀÌ ³ª¿ÔÀ¸¹Ç·Î thanÀº ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. 30ÂÊ (±¸¹®) Their distribution _enables_ us _to infer that_ in the recent past glaciers have been far more extensive ~.: µ¿»ç´Â 'enable£«A£«toºÎÁ¤»ç'À̸ç, thatÀýÀº µ¿»ç inferÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î·Î »ç¿ëµÈ ¸í»çÀýÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * glacier: ºùÇÏ * spectacular: Àå°üÀÇ, ±¸°æ°Å¸®°¡ µÇ´Â * feature: Ư¡, º¼ ¸¸ÇÑ °Í * densely: ¹ÐÁýÇÏ°Ô, »ª»ªÀÌ * measurement: ÃøÁ¤ * erosion: ħ½Ä * bedrock: ±â¹Ý¾Ï * deposit: ÅðÀû¹° * recognizable: ¾Ë¾Æº¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â * distribution: ºÐÆ÷ * infer: Ãß·ÐÇÏ´Ù * extensive: ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÑ * evidence: Áõ°Å 43. Çؼ®: °£´ÜÈ÷ ¸»Çϸé öÇÐÀ̶õ »ç°íÀÇ ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, Á» ´õ Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ±×°ÍÀº ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ Á¤½ÅÀûÀÎ µµ±¸µéÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×·¯ÇÑ »ç½ÇÀº ¿Ö ¿ì¸®°¡ öÇÐÀ» °øºÎÇϴ°¡ÀÇ ¹®Á¦¿Íµµ Á÷Á¢ÀûÀ¸·Î ¿¬°áµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ´ÜÁö ¿ì¸®µé ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ½É¿ÀÇÑ »ý°¢À¸·Î Ä£±¸µéÀ» ³î¶ó°Ô Çϰųª ¿¹±âÄ¡ ¸øÇÑ Áú¹®À¸·Î ±×µéÀ» È¥¶õ½º·´°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ñµ¥, ÇÏÁö¸¸ ÀϺΠ´ëÇлýµéÀº öÇÐ °ú¸ñÀ» ¼ö°­ÇÒ ¶§ ±×·± °¡´É¼ºÀ» °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÏ°Ô ¿©±æ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â öÇÐÀÌ Á¤½ÅÀûÀÎ ±â¼úÀ» °³¹ßÇÏ´Â µ¥ µµ¿òÀ» Áֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ öÇÐÀ» °øºÎÇÑ´Ù. (Çؼ³) (A) ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ÁÖ¾î¿Í ¸ñÀû¾î°¡ ÀÖ´Â ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ±¸Á¶ÀÇ ¹®ÀåÀÌ À̾îÁö¹Ç·Î Àǹ®´ë¸í»ç whatÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Àǹ®ºÎ»ç why°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (B) ¸í»ç ¾ÕÀ̹ǷΠÇü¿ë»çÀÎ unexpected°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (C) µÚ¿¡ ÀýÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¸í»ç±¸°¡ À̾îÁö¹Ç·Î because of°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. it helps us develop´Â mental skills¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â °ü°è´ë¸í»çÀýÀÓ¿¡ À¯ÀÇÇÑ´Ù. (±¸¹®) ¡¦ some college students may value _that_ possibility the most in taking philosophy courses.: thatÀº Á¢¼Ó»ç°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Áö½ÃÇü¿ë»ç·Î¼­ ¸í»ç possibility¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÑ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * simply put °£´ÜÈ÷ Ç¥ÇöÇϸé * accurately Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô * mental Á¤½ÅÀûÀÎ * amaze ³î¶ó°Ô ÇÏ´Ù * profound ½É¿ÀÇÑ * confuse È¥¶õ½ÃÅ°´Ù * possibility °¡´É¼º * take a course °ú¸ñÀ» ¼ö°­ÇÏ´Ù 44. Çؼ®: ´ëÇÐ »ýÈ°Àº ¹Ù»Ú´Ù. ÀÏÁ¤À» °èȹÇÒ ¶§ °í·ÁÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍµéÀÌ ³Ê¹«³ª ¸¹´Ù. È°µ¿, Ä£±¸, ±×¸®°í ¿À¶ô µîÀº ÄÚ¾Õ¿¡ ´ÚÄ£ ½ÇÁúÀûÀÎ ÀÏÀ» ¼öÇàÇϴµ¥ ¾à°£ÀÇ ¾î·Á¿òÀ» ¾ß±âÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¹ßÇ¥, º¸°í¼­ ¸¶°¨ ½Ã°£, ȤÀº ½ÃÇè¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¾Ðµµ´çÇÏ´Â ´À³¦ÀÌ µé ¶§, ¾Æ¸¶µµ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±ä±ÞÇÑ ÀϵéÀ» ó¸®Çϱâ À§ÇØ °øºÎÇÏ´Â µ¥ ¸ðµç ½Ã°£À» »ç¿ëÇÏ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÈÞ½ÄÀ» À§ÇÑ ½Ã°£ÀÇ ºÎÁ·Àº °øºÎ¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ¸¹Àº °ÍÀ» ¾ò´Â °ÍÀ» ¾î·Æ°Ô ¸¸µé °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¾Æ¹«¸® ÇÒ ÀÏÀÌ ¸¹´õ¶óµµ Ç×»ó ÇÏ·ç Àú³áÀº ¿ÂÀüÈ÷ ½¬µµ·Ï Àڽſ¡°Ô ¾à¼ÓÇ϶ó. ÈÞ½ÄÀ» À§Çؼ­ ½Ã°£À» ³½´Ù¸é ÀÏÀ» ´õ Àß ÇÏ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¨ê°¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ ¹®Àå¿¡¼­ °¡¸ñÀû¾î itÀÌ °¡¸®Å°´Â Áø¸ñÀû¾î ¿ªÇÒÀÇ ¸í»ç±¸(Àý)°¡ µÞºÎºÐ¿¡ ¿Í¾ß ÇϹǷΠgetÀ» to getÀ¸·Î °íÃÄ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¨ç ÀüÄ¡»ç inÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î·Î µ¿¸í»ç°¡ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. À̶§ your´Â µ¿¸í»çÀÇ Àǹ̻óÀÇ ÁÖ¾îÀÌ´Ù. ¨è ¡®¾Ðµµ´çÇϴ¡¯ °ÍÀ̹ǷΠ¼öµ¿ÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ Áö´Ñ °ú°ÅºÐ»ç´Â ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨é ¸ñÀûÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ºÎ»çÀû ¿ë¹ýÀÇ toºÎÁ¤»ç°¡ ¾²¿´´Ù. ¨ë µ¿»ç promiseÀÇ ÁÖ¾î¿Í ¸ñÀû¾î°¡ µ¿ÀÏÇϹǷÎ, Àç±Í´ë¸í»ç ÇüÅÂÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î°¡ ¾²¿´´Ù. (±¸¹®) ¡¦ _no matter how much work you have_, you will always relax during one full evening.: 'no matter how£«Çü/ºÎ£«Á־µ¿»ç ~'·Î ¡®¾Æ¹«¸® ~ÇÒÁö¶óµµ¡¯¶ó´Â Àǹ̸¦ °®´Â ±¸¹®À¸·Î, no matter how´Â however·Î ¹Ù²Ü ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * demand: ¿ä±¸»çÇ×, ÇÊ¿ä»çÇ× * pastime: ¿À¶ô, ±âºÐÀüȯ * perform: ¼öÇàÇÏ´Ù * at hand: ¹Ù·Î °¡±îÀÌ¿¡ * overwhelm: ¾ÐµµÇÏ´Ù * presentation: ¹ßÇ¥ * pressure: ¾Ð¹Ú, ±ä±Þ 31ÂÊ ^[03°­ ºóÄ­ Ãß·Ð ©ç º»¹® 32~58ÂÊ 1. ¨é 2. ¨ç 3. ¨è 4. ¨ç 5. ¨ê 6. ¨é 7. ¨é 8. ¨ë 9. ¨é 10. ¨ç 11. ¨è 12. ¨é 13. ¨ë 14. ¨è 15. ¨ê 16. ¨ç 17. ¨é 18. ¨ê 19. ¨é 20. ¨ê 21. ¨è 22. ¨ç 23. ¨ç 24. ¨é 25. ¨ç 26. ¨ç 27. ¨é 28. ¨ë 29. ¨è 30. ¨é 31. ¨è 32. ¨ç 33. ¨ç 34. ¨é 35. ¨è 36. ¨ë 37. ¨é 38. ¨é 39. ¨ë 40. ¨ç 41. ¨ç 42. ¨è 43. ¨è 44. ¨è 45. ¨é 46. ¨ê 47. ¨è 48. ¨ç 49. ¨é 50. ¨é 51. ¨ë 52. ¨ë 53. ¨ç 54. ¨ê 55. ¨ë 56. ¨é 57. ¨è 58. ¨ç 59. ¨è 60. ¨ç 61. ¨ë 62. ¨ë 63. ¨ë 64. ¨ê 1. Çؼ®: ´«--½Ã¼± ÇൿÀÌ ¿¬±¸µÇ¾î ¿Â ¸ðµç ¹®È­¿¡¼­ °úÇÐÀº ±Ç·ÂÀÌ ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×°Í(´«--½Ã¼± Çൿ)À» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¶§ ´õ ¸¹Àº _ÀÚÀ¯_¸¦ °®´Â´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÔÁõÇØÁØ´Ù. º»ÁúÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×µéÀÌ ¿øÇÏ´Â °÷Àº ¾îµðµçÁö º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±ÇÇÑÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ÇϱÞÀÚµéÀº ±×µéÀÌ ¾îµð¸¦ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ°í ¾ðÁ¦ ±×·² ¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö¿¡ À־ ´õ Á¦ÇÑÀûÀÌ´Ù. °â¾çÀº ±³È¸¿¡¼­¿Í ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î ¿ÕÁ·ÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °÷¿¡¼­ °í°³°¡ ¼÷¿©Áöµµ·Ï Áö½ÃÇÑ´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ÇϱÞÀÚµéÀº Áö¹èÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ» ¸Ö¸®¼­ ¹Ù¶óº¸´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ¹Ý¸é, Áö¹èÀÚµéÀº ÇϱÞÀÚµéÀ» ½Ã°¢ÀûÀ¸·Î ¹«½ÃÇÏ´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çؼ­, ´õ ³·Àº Á÷±ÞÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×µéÀÇ ½Ã¼±¿¡ ½Å°æÀ» ¾²µµ·Ï ¿ä±¸¹Þ´Â ¹Ý¸é, ´õ ³ôÀº Á÷±ÞÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀº ¹«°ü½ÉÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ÕÀº ±×°¡ ¿øÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷Àº ´©±¸³ª ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô ÃÄ´Ùº¸Áö¸¸, ¸ðµç ½ÅÇϵéÀº ¹æ¿¡¼­ µ¹¾Æ ³ª¿Ã ¶§Á¶Â÷µµ ¿Õ ÂÊÀ» ÇâÇÑ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ±Ç·ÂÀÌ ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº ¿øÇÏ´Â °÷Àº ¾îµðµçÁö º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±ÇÇÑÀÌ ÀÖÁö¸¸ ÇϱÞÀÚµéÀº ¾îµð¸¦ º¸°í, ¾ðÁ¦ ºÁ¾ß Çϴ°¡¿¡ ´õ Á¦ÇÑÀûÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ ±ÛÀÇ ¿äÁö´Ù. ±Ç·ÂÀ» °¡Áø »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ´«°ú ½Ã¼±À» »ç¿ëÇÑ Çൿ¿¡¼­ ´õ ¸¹Àº ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ °®´Â °ÍÀ̹ǷÎ, ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨é ¡®freedom(ÀÚÀ¯)¡¯ÀÌ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ç ºÒ¾È°¨ ¨è °¥µî ¨ê ¸¶À½¿¡ ³»Å°Áö ¾ÊÀ½ ¨ë Ã¥ÀÓ (±¸¹®) In all cultures [ _in which_ eye-gaze behavior has been studied], science confirms [that those _who_ are dominant have more freedom in using it].: ù ¹ø° [ ]·Î Ç¥½ÃµÈ ºÎºÐÀº ¼±Çà»çÀÎ all cultures¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â °ü°èÀýÀε¥, in which´Â °ü°èºÎ»ç where·Î ¹Ù²ã ¾µ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. µÎ ¹ø° [ ]·Î Ç¥½ÃµÈ ºÎºÐÀº confirmsÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾îÀÎ ¸í»çÀýÀε¥, who are dominant´Â thatÀýÀÇ ÁÖ¾îÀÎ those¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â °ü°èÀýÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * gaze: ÀÀ½Ã, ½Ã¼± * dominant: ±Ç·ÂÀÌ ÀÖ´Â, ¿ì¼¼ÇÑ * subordinate: ÇϱÞÀÚ, ºÎÇÏ * restricted: Á¦ÇѵÈ, ÇÑÁ¤µÈ * humility: °â¾ç, °â¼Õ * dictate: Áö½ÃÇÏ´Ù, ¸í·ÉÇÏ´Ù * attentive: ½Å°æÀ» ¾²´Â, ÁÖÀǸ¦ ±â¿ïÀÌ´Â * face: ÇâÇÏ´Ù, ¸¶ÁÖº¸´Ù * back: µÚ·Î ¹°·¯¼­´Ù 2. Çؼ®: °úÇÐÀÇ Á߿伺Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¡®°´°ü¼º¡¯ÀÌ ¼¼»óÀ» ¹Ù¶óº¸´Â ÃÖ¼±ÀÇ ¹æ¹ýÀ̶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. Áï ¾î¶² °¨Á¤µµ ¾øÀÌ »ç¹°À» º¸°Ô ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Àΰ£ÀÇ °üÁ¡¿¡¼­ º¼ ¶§, °´°ü¼ºÀº ´ÜÁö ¶Ç ÇϳªÀÇ Åµµ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº °íÀÇÀûÀ¸·Î ¿ì¸®ÀÇ °¨Á¤À» ¹«½ÃÇÏ´Â Çؼ®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº °úÇÐÀû ÃøÁ¤ÀÌ Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö°Ô ÇÏ´Â °Í µîµîÀ» È®½ÇÇÏ°Ô Çϱ⿡ À¯¿ëÇÏÁö¸¸, »î¿¡ °üÇÑ ÇÑ ±×°ÍÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» Èæ¹éÀ¸·Î º¸µµ·Ï ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ TV¿¡¼­ »ö»óÀ» Â÷´ÜÇÏ¸ç ±×°ÍÀÌ ´õ Áø½ÇÇÑ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¸»ÇÏ´Â °Í°ú ´Ù¼Ò °°´Ù. ±×°ÍÀÌ ´õ Áø½ÇÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ´ÜÁö »îÀÇ Ç³¼ºÇÔÀ» ÁÙÀÌ´Â ÇÊÅÍÀÏ »ÓÀÌ´Ù. °¨Á¤À» °ÅºÎÇÒ ¶§ ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¶ÇÇÑ Áñ°Å¿òÀÇ °¡´É¼ºÀ» °ÅºÎÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) °úÇÐÀÇ Á߿伺ÀÌ °¨Á¤À» ¹èÁ¦ÇÏ°í °´°üÀûÀ¸·Î ¼¼»óÀ» º¸´Â °ÍÀÌ ÃÖ»óÀ̶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé¾úÁö¸¸ ±×°ÍÀº TVÀÇ »ö»óÀ» Â÷´ÜÇÏ°í Èæ¹éÀ¸·Î ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» º¸´Â °Í °°´Ù°í ¸»ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. Áï °¨Á¤À» °ÅºÎÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº »î¿¡¼­ Áñ°Å¿òÀ» ¾òÀ» °¡´É¼ºÀ» °ÅºÎÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̹ǷΠºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨ç ¡®richness of life(»îÀÇ Ç³¼ºÇÔ)¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨è Àΰ£ÀÇ ÀÜÀμº ¨é TV ½ºÅ©¸°ÀÇ Å©±â ¨ê ÀÌ·ÐÀÇ ºÎÁ¤È®ÇÔ ¨ë °úÇÐÀû ¹ß°ß¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºñÆÇ (±¸¹®) It is very useful [ _to ensure_ that scientific measurements are taken accurately and so on], but as far as life is concerned, it is a bit like [ _turning_ the color off on your TV _so that_ you see everything in black and white] and then [ _saying_ that is more truthful].: ù ¹ø° [ ]·Î Ç¥½ÃµÈ ºÎºÐÀº Á¤µµ¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â toºÎÁ¤»ç±¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇ¾î ¡®~Çϱ⿡¡¯·Î Çؼ®µÈ´Ù. µÎ ¹ø° [ ]¿Í ¼¼ ¹ø° [ ]·Î Ç¥½ÃµÈ ºÎºÐÀº ÀüÄ¡»ç likeÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î·Î and¿¡ ÀÇÇØ º´·Ä ±¸Á¶·Î ¿¬°áµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, so that ¡¦ white´Â ¸ñÀûÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ºÎ»çÀýÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * objectivity: °´°ü¼º * interpretation: Çؼ® * deliberately: °íÀÇÀûÀ¸·Î * ensure: È®½ÇÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Ù, º¸ÀåÇÏ´Ù 32ÂÊ * as far as ¡¦ concerned: ~¿¡ °üÇÑ ÇÑ * turn down: °ÅºÎÇÏ´Ù (Çؼ³) (A) µÚ¿¡ ¾ð±ÞµÇ´Â confirmation bias(È®ÁõÆíÇâ)¶ó´Â ¿ë¾îÀÇ °³³ä°ú CrowºÎÁ· »ç¶÷µéÀÇ »ý°¢Àº ¿À·£ ¼¼¿ù µ¿¾È »ç¶÷µéÀÇ µÎ³ú°¡ µÎ °¡Áö »ó¹ÝµÈ »ý°¢À» µ¿½Ã¿¡ ´ã°í ÀÖ´Â °Í°ú´Â ¡®¹Ý´ë(opposite)¡¯ ¹æÇâÀ¸·Î ¸ÂÃß¾îÁ³À½À» ¼³¸íÇÏ´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ´Ù. (B) CrowºÎÁ· »ç¶÷µéÀÌ µé¼Ò°¡ »ç¶óÁø °Í ¶§¹®¿¡ Àý¸Á°¨¿¡ ºüÁ® Çì¾î³ªÁö ¸øÇÑ °ÍÀº Á¤»óÀûÀÎ ÀÏ»ó»ýÈ°ÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù´Â Áõ°Å¸¦ ³ú°¡ ¡®°ÅºÎÇß´Ù(rejected)¡¯´Â °ÍÀ» ¼³¸íÇÑ´Ù. (±¸¹®) It does this by [ _overvaluing_ evidence _that_ confirms what we already think or feel] and [ _undervaluing_ or simply _disregarding_ evidence _that_ refutes it].: ù ¹ø° [ ]¿Í µÎ ¹ø° [ ]´Â ¸ðµÎ ÀüÄ¡»ç byÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ´Â µ¿¸í»ç±¸Àε¥, and¿¡ ÀÇÇØ º´·Ä ±¸Á¶·Î ¿¬°áµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. that ¡¦ feel°ú that ¡¦ itÀº °¢°¢ ¼±Çà»çÀÎ evidence¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â °ü°èÀýÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * first-rate: ÃÖ»óÀÇ * function: Á¦ ±â´ÉÀ» ¼öÇàÇÏ´Ù * bias: ÆíÇâÀû ½É¸®, Æí°ß * confront: Á÷¸éÇÏ´Ù * contradiction: ¸ð¼ø, ¹Ý´ë * overvalue: °ú´ëÆò°¡ÇÏ´Ù * disregard: ¹«½ÃÇÏ´Ù * refute: ¹Ý¹ÚÇÏ´Ù * testimony: Áõ¾ð * fall to the ground: ¸÷½Ã ³«´ãÇÏ´Ù * despair: Àý¸Á * warrior: Àü»ç, ¿ë»ç 4. Çؼ®: Áö³­¹ø¿¡ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ºÕºñ´Â ³¯¿¡ ¼îÇθô¿¡¼­ ÁÖÂ÷ °ø°£À» ã¾ÒÀ» ¶§, ¾ÆÀ̵éó·³ Áñ°Å¿òÀ» ´À²¼´ø °æÇèÀ» ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ±â¾ïÇÏ°í Àִ°¡? ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¼îÇÎÀ» ³¡³ÂÀ» ¶§, Ưº°È÷ ´Ù¸¥ ´©±º°¡°¡ ±× ÁÖÂ÷ °ø°£À» ±â´Ù¸®°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù¸é, ¾Æ¸¶µµ ¾î´À Á¤µµ ÁÖÀúÇϸ鼭 ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ±× °ø°£À» ¶°³µÀ»Áöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù. ¿¬±¸¿¡ µû¸£¸é ºñ·Ï »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×·¸Áö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¿¹»óÇÒÁö¶óµµ, ±×µéÀº ´Ù¸¥ ¿îÀüÀÚ°¡ ±â´Ù¸®°í ÀÖÀ» ¶§ ÁÖÂ÷ °ø°£À» ¶°³ª´Â µ¥ ´õ ¿À·£ ½Ã°£ÀÌ °É¸°´Ù. ¸¶Ä¡ ±× °ø°£Àº ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¿øÇÒ ¶§ °©Àڱ⠴õ °¡Ä¡°¡ ÀÖ°Ô µÇ´Â °Í °°´Ù. ¾ö°ÝÈ÷ ¸»ÇÏÀÚ¸é, ±×°÷À» ¶°³ª´Â »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ±×°÷Àº ´õ ÀÌ»ó °¡Ä¡°¡ ¾ø´Ù. °á±¹, ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ³ú´Â ¸Å¿ì _¼Õ½Ç¿¡ ¹Î°¨Çؼ­_ ÀÏ´Ü ¾î¶² °ÍÀ» ¾ò°Ô µÇ¸é, ¿ì¸®´Â ±×°ÍÀ» Æ÷±âÇÏ´Â µ¥ ÁÖÀúÇÏ´Â °Í °°´Ù. (Çؼ³) ºÕºñ´Â ³¯ ¼îÇθô¿¡¼­ ÁÖÂ÷ °ø°£À» ¹ß°ßÇÏ°í ±â»µÇϸç ƯÈ÷ ´©±º°¡°¡ ±â´Ù¸®°í ÀÖÀ» ¶§ ÁÖÂ÷ °ø°£¿¡¼­ ´õ õõÈ÷ ¶°³ª´Â ¿¹¸¦ µé¸ç, ÀÏ´Ü ¾î¶² °ÍÀÌ ÁÖ¾îÁö¸é ±×°ÍÀ» Æ÷±âÇÏ´Â µ¥ ÁÖÀúÇÑ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸¾Æ, ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨ç ¡®sensitive to loss(¼Õ½Ç¿¡ ¹Î°¨Çؼ­)¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨è Áö½Ã¿¡ ÀúÇ×Çؼ­ ¨é »õ·Î¿î ¾ÆÀ̵ð¾î¸¦ ¼ö¿ëÇؼ­ ¨ê Áúº´¿¡ ½±°Ô ³ëÃâµÇ¾î¼­ ¨ë ½Ã°£À» ´Ù·ç±â ²¨·ÁÇؼ­ (±¸¹®) Studies have shown that people take longer to leave a parking spot when another driver is waiting, even though they predict they _will not_.: will not ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ¹Ýº¹À» ÇÇÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¾Õ¿¡ ³ª¿Â take longer to leave a parking spotÀÌ »ý·«µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * childlike: ¾î¸°¾Ö °°Àº * parking spot: ÁÖÂ÷ °ø°£ * hesitation: ÁÖÀúÇÔ * particularly: ƯÈ÷ * predict: ¿¹»óÇÏ´Ù * strictly speaking: ¾ö¹ÐÈ÷ ¸»Çϸé * hesitant: ÁÖÀúÇÏ´Â * give up: Æ÷±âÇÏ´Ù 5. Çؼ®: ¸ñÀç´Â ȯ°æ ģȭÀûÀ̶ó°í ³Î¸® ÀÎÁ¤¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Â ÀÚÀçÀÌ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ÁýÀ» ÁöÀ» ¶§ ½Ã¸àÆ®³ª º®µ¹ ´ë½Å, ´ëüÀç·Î¼­ ¿À·§µ¿¾È ȯ¿µ¹Þ¾Æ ¿Ô´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¸ñÀç¿Í °°Àº ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ÀÚÀç°¡ ´Ù¸¥ °Íµéº¸´Ù ¶Ù¾î³­ _»ó´ëÀûÀÎ ÀåÁ¡À» Æò°¡ÇÏ´Â_ °ÍÀÌ ¹Ýµå½Ã ½¬¿î ÀÏÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ¸¶È£°¡´Ï¿Í Ƽũ¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿© ¸¹Àº Á¾ÀÇ ³ª¹«µéÀÌ ÀÌÁ¦ ¸êÁ¾ À§±â¿¡ ³õ¿© ÀÖ°í, ƯÈ÷, ¿­´ë ¿ì¸²ÀÇ »ï¸² ¹úä´Â Áö¿ª »çȸ»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÅäÂø ½Ä¹°°ú ¾ß»ý µ¿¹°¿¡µµ ½É°¢ÇÑ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÃÆ´Ù. ¸ñÀç°¡ äÃëµÇ°í ¼¼»óÀ» ¹ÝÀ̳ª °¡·ÎÁú·¯ ¿î¹ÝµÇ´Â °æ¿ì, °ü·Ã ¿¡³ÊÁö ºñ¿ëÀÌ Áõ°¡ÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾î, ȯ°æ¿¡ ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ£´Ù. °Ô´Ù°¡ ³ª¹«°¡ ³»È­¼º(Ò±ûýàõ)°ú ³»Ã漺À» Çâ»ó½ÃÅ°±â À§ÇØ È­ÇÐ ¹°Áú·Î ¾àÇ° 󸮵Ǵ °æ¿ì, °Ç°­¿¡ À¯ÀÍÇÑ ¸ñÀçÀÇ ¼ºÁúÀÌ ¼Õ»óµÈ´Ù. (Çؼ³) 33ÂÊ °æ¿¡ ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ¿µÇâ µîÀ» ÅëÇØ ¸ñÀç°¡ ´Ù¸¥ Àç·á¿¡ ºñÇØ »ó´ëÀûÀÎ ÀåÁ¡À» °¡Á³´Ù°í º¼ ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨ê ¡®evaluate the relative merits(»ó´ëÀûÀÎ ÀåÁ¡À» Æò°¡ÇÏ´Ù)¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ç ³»ÀçÀûÀÎ ÀúÇ×À» Áõ°¡½ÃÅ°´Ù ¨è È­ÇÐÀû Ư¼ºÀ» ¼±È£ÇÏ´Ù ¨é ÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀÎ ¼­½ÄÁö¸¦ Áö¹èÇÏ´Ù ¨ë ºñ¿ëÀÇ ÀÌÁ¡À» ºÎÀÎÇÏ´Ù (±¸¹®) _Where_ wood is harvested and then transported halfway across the globe, the associated energy costs are high, _causing a negative impact on the environment_.: Where ¡¦ the globe´Â ºÎ»çÀý·Î ¡®~ÇÑ °æ¿ì(»óȲ)¡¯ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. causing ¡¦ environment´Â ¿¬¼ÓµÇ´Â µ¿ÀÛÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ºÐ»ç±¸¹®ÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * alternative: ´ë¾ÈÀûÀÎ * endangered: ¸êÁ¾ À§±â¿¡ À̸¥ * teak: Ƽũ(°¡±¸ Àç·á·Î ¾²ÀÌ´Â ¸ñÀç) * deforestation: »ï¸² ¹úä * tropical rainforest: ¿­´ë ¿ì¸² * fire- and pest-resistance: ³»È­¼º°ú ³»Ã漺 * inherent: ³»ÀçÀûÀÎ, °íÀ¯ÀÇ 6. Çؼ®: ºñ·Ï ³óºÎµéÀº ´ç½Ã¿¡ ±×°ÍÀ» ±ú´ÝÁö ¸øÇßÁö¸¸, ³óºÎµé°ú Àç¹è(»çÀ°)µÇ´Â ½Ä¹° ¹× µ¿¹°µéÀº Ä¿´Ù¶õ Çù»óÀ» Çß´Ù. ¿Á¼ö¼ö¿¡ ´ëÇØ »ý°¢ÇØ º¸ÀÚ. (¿Á¼ö¼öÀÇ) Àç¹è´Â ±×°ÍÀ» Àΰ£¿¡°Ô ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ Àΰ£°úÀÇ ¿¬°üÀº ¶ÇÇÑ ¿Á¼ö¼ö·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý º°·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁöÁö ¾ÊÀº ¸ß½ÃÄÚÀÇ Ç®·Î¼­ÀÇ ±â¿øÀ» ÈξÀ ´õ ¸Ö¸® ¶Ù¾î³Ñ°Ô ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ÀÌÁ¦´Â Áö±¸»ó¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ³Î¸® Àç¹èµÇ´Â ³óÀÛ¹° Áß Çϳª°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÇÑÆí, Àΰ£ÀÇ °üÁ¡¿¡¼­ º¸¸é ¿Á¼ö¼öÀÇ Àç¹è´Â dzºÎÇÑ »õ·Î¿î ½Ä·®¿øÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇØÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±×°ÍÀÇ Àç¹è´Â (´Ù¸¥ ½Ä¹°µéÀÇ °æÀÛ°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î) »ç¶÷µé·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ³ó»ç¿¡ ±â¹ÝÀ» µÐ »õ·Î¿î »ýÈ°¾ç½ÄÀ» ÅÃÇϵµ·Ï Ã˱¸Çß´Ù. Àΰ£ÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀ» À§Çؼ­ ¿Á¼ö¼ö¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ°í Àִ°¡, ¾Æ´Ï¸é ¿Á¼ö¼ö°¡ »ç¶÷À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ°í Àִ°¡? »çÀ°À̳ª Àç¹è´Â _¾ç¹æÇâ ±³Åë·Î_ÀÎ °Í °°´Ù. (Çؼ³) ³óÀÛ¹°ÀÇ Àç¹è³ª µ¿¹°ÀÇ »çÀ°Àº Àΰ£¿¡°Ô¸¸ ÀÌÀÍÀÌ µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Àΰ£°ú µ¿½Ä¹° ¸ðµÎ¿¡°Ô ÀÌÀÍÀÌ µÇ´Â Ãø¸éÀ» Áö´Ñ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÇ ±ÛÀ̹ǷÎ, ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨é ¡®a two-way street(¾ç¹æÇâ ±³Åë·Î)¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °Í °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ç °ñÄ©°Å¸® ¨è ºÒ°øÁ¤ÇÑ Èñ»ý ¨ê µµ¿ò ¿äû ¨ë Á¦·Î¼¶ °ÔÀÓ(°ÔÀÓ À̷п¡¼­ Âü°¡ÀÚ °¢°¢ÀÇ À̵æ°ú ¼Õ½ÇÀÇ ÇÕÀÌ Á¦·Î°¡ µÇ´Â °ÔÀÓÀ¸·Î, ´©±º°¡ ÀÌÀÍÀ» º¸¸é ´Ù¸¥ ÆíÀÌ ¼Õ½ÇÀ» º»´Ù´Â ÀǹÌ) (±¸¹®) But its cultivation (like _that_ of other plants) prompted people to adopt a new lifestyle based on farming.: ¾Õ¿¡ ³ª¿Â ¸í»ç cultivationÀÇ ¹Ýº¹À» ÇÇÇϱâ À§ÇØ ´ë¸í»ç thatÀÌ ¾²¿´´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * domesticate: Àç¹èÇÏ´Ù, »çÀ°ÇÏ´Ù(n. domestication Àç¹è, »çÀ°) * bargain: Çù»ó, ÈïÁ¤ * abundant: dzºÎÇÑ * prompt: Ã˱¸ÇÏ´Ù, ÀÚ±ØÇÏ´Ù * pain in the neck: °ñÄ©°Å¸®, ¾ÆÁÖ ±ÍÂúÀº °Í * zero-sum game: Á¦·Î¼¶ °ÔÀÓ 7. Çؼ®: ³Ê¹«³ªµµ ÀÚÁÖ, ¿ì¸®´Â »ç¼ÒÇÑ ÀÏ¿¡ »ç·ÎÀâÈ÷´Âµ¥, ±×°ÍÀº ÀϽÃÀûÀÎ ³ë»ó Àå¾Ö¹°ÀÏ ¼öµµ ÀÖÁö¸¸ ±×º¸´Ù´Â ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ÄÜÅ©¸®Æ®·Î µÈ »ê¿¡ ´õ °¡±õ°Ô ´À²¸Áö´Â ÁøÀú¸®³ª´Â °ñÄ©°Å¸®¿Í °ï¶õÇÔÀÌ´Ù. ¸ñ À§ÀÇ ±ÙÀ°À¸·Î ÀÏÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé(Áï, ÁöÀû ³ëµ¿ÀÚ)Àº ½º½º·Î¿¡°Ô ¿Â°® Á¾·ùÀÇ ½ºÆ®·¹½º¸¦ À¯¹ß½ÃŲ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¿© ÁÖ´Â ¸¹Àº ¿¬±¸°¡ ÀÖÁö¸¸, ¸ÅÀÏ ¸ÅÀÏÀÇ ¹®Á¦¸¦ Á» ´õ ¿ëÀÌÇÏ°Ô °ü¸®ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷Àº ¹Ù·Î ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÏÀ»(¡®¹«¾ù¡¯À» ÇÏ´ÂÁö¿Í ¡®¾î¶»°Ô¡¯ ÇÏ´ÂÁö°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó) ¡®¿Ö¡¯ ÇÏ´ÂÁö¿¡ ÃÊÁ¡À» µÎ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ´Ù. Áï, ¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÀÏ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸ñÀûÀ» Á¤ÀÇÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í ¿©·¯ºÐ ȸ»çÀÇ °ú¾÷¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿­Á¤À» ´À³¥ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ À̸ÞÀÏ ¼ö½ÅÇÔ¿¡ ÁöÀåÀ» ÁÖ´Â °¡²ûÀÇ ¼­¹ö °ü¸®¸¦ ÈξÀ ´õ ¿ëÀÌÇÏ°Ô ´Ù·ê ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±× ¹Ý´ë´Â ¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °¡Ä¡°ü°ú ¸ÂÁö ¾Ê´Â ¾î´À ºÐ¾ß(¶Ç´Â ȸ»ç)¿¡¼­ ÀÏÀ» ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ¸ðµç »ç¼ÒÇÑ °ÍµéÀÌ _´«µ¢ÀÌó·³ Ä¿Á® ¸ÅÀÏ ¸ÅÀÏÀÇ Àç¾ÓÀ̶ó´Â °Å´ëÇÑ °øÀÌ µÈ´Ù_. (Çؼ³) ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÏ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸ñÀûÀ» Á¤ÀÇÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, ȸ»çÀÇ °ú¾÷¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿­Á¤À» °¡Áø »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¸ÅÀÏ ¸ÅÀÏÀÇ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ´õ ¿ëÀÌÇÏ°Ô °ü¸®ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇßÀ¸¹Ç·Î ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °¡Ä¡°ü°ú ¸ÂÁö ¾Ê´Â ÀÏÀ» ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô´Â »ç¼ÒÇÑ ÀϵéÀÌ ½×¿©¼­ Å« Àç¾ÓÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ È帧»ó ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨é ¡®snowballs into a big ball of daily disasters(´«µ¢ÀÌó·³ Ä¿Á® ¸ÅÀÏ ¸ÅÀÏÀÇ Àç¾ÓÀ̶ó´Â °Å´ëÇÑ °øÀÌ µÈ´Ù)¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ç ¡®¹«¾ù¡¯°ú ¡®¾î¶»°Ô¡¯¸¦ °æ½ÃÇϸ鼭 ¡®¿Ö¡¯¿¡ ÁýÁßÇÑ´Ù ¨è ÀÏ»óÀÇ °¨¿Á¿¡¼­ ¿©·¯ºÐÀ» Çعæ½ÃŲ´Ù ¨ê ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ È¸»ç¿¡¼­ ½ÂÁøÇÏ´Â ±æÀ» ´Û¾Æ ÁØ´Ù ¨ë ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ °¡Ä¡¸¦ Á¶¸íÇØ ÁØ´Ù. (±¸¹®) 34ÂÊ À» À̲ô´Â Á¢¼Ó»çÀÌ´Ù. ÁÖÀý¿¡ 'it's ¡¦ who ¡¦' °­Á¶±¸¹®ÀÌ µé¾îÀÖ´Â ÇüÅ·Î, the people who focus on the why of their jobs (as opposed to the what and the how)°¡ °­Á¶µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * tedious: ÁøÀú¸®³ª´Â * annoyance: °ñÄ©°Å¸® * struggle: Èûµç ÀÏ, ºÐÅõ * roadblock: ³ë»ó Àå¾Ö¹° * as opposed to: ~ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ~¿Í´Â ´ëÁ¶ÀûÀ¸·Î * maintenance: °ü¸®, Á¤ºñ * disrupt: ÁöÀåÀ» ÁÖ´Ù, ¹æÇØÇÏ´Ù * flip side: ´Ù¸¥ ¸é, À̸é * align with: ~¿Í ÀÏÁ÷¼±À¸·Î ¸ÂÃß´Ù * belittle: °æ½ÃÇÏ´Ù, ÀÛ°Ô ÇÏ´Ù 08. Çؼ®: ¼±ÅÃÀ» ÇÑ ÈÄ¿¡, ±× °áÁ¤Àº °á±¹ ¿ì¸®°¡ ÃßÃøÇÏ´Â Áñ°Å¿òÀ» º¯È­½ÃÅ°¸ç, ±× ¼±ÅÃÇÑ ¼±ÅûçÇ×À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾òÀ» °ÍÀ¸·Î ±â´ëµÇ´Â Áñ°Å¿òÀ» Çâ»ó½ÃÅ°°í °ÅºÎÇÑ ¼±ÅûçÇ×À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾òÀ» °ÍÀ¸·Î ±â´ëµÇ´Â Áñ°Å¿òÀ» °¨¼Ò½ÃŲ´Ù. ¿ì¸®°¡ ¼±ÅÃÇÑ °Í°ú ÀÏÄ¡Çϵµ·Ï ¼±ÅÃÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÇ °¡Ä¡¸¦ À绡¸® »õ·Ó°Ô ÇÏ·Á ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é, ¿ì¸®´Â µÚ´Ê°Ô ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ºñÆÇÇÏ¿© ¹ÌÄ¥ Áö°æÀ¸·Î ¸ô°í °¥ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ű¹º¸´Ù´Â ±×¸®½º¸¦, Ä¿ÇǸÞÀÌÄ¿º¸´Ù´Â Å佺Å͸¦, Micheleº¸´Ù´Â Jenny¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇØ¾ß Çß¾ú´ø °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï¾ú´ÂÁö Àڽſ¡°Ô °è¼Ó µÇÇ®ÀÌÇÏ¿© ¹°¾îº¼ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î µÚ´Ê°Ô ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ºñÆÇÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÀÏ»óÀûÀÎ ±â´ÉÀ» ¹æÇØÇÒ °ÍÀÌ°í ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀÎ °á°ú¸¦ ÃËÁøÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ºÒ¾ÈÇÏ°í È¥¶õ½º·¯¿ö ÇÒ °ÍÀ̸ç, ÈÄȸÇÏ¸ç ½½ÆÛÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¸®°¡ ¿ÇÀº ÀÏÀ» ÇÑ °ÍÀϱî? ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¸¶À½À» ¹Ù²ã¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀΰ¡? ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »ý°¢µéÀº ¿µ±¸ÀûÀÎ Á¤Áö »óŸ¦ ÃÊ·¡ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ±×¾ß¸»·Î ¿È¦´Þ½Ï ¸øÇϸ鼭, ¿ìÀ¯ºÎ´ÜÇÔ¿¡ »ç·ÎÀâÇô ¾ÕÀ¸·Î ³ª¾Æ°¡Áö ¸øÇÏ´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¸ð½ÀÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÏ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¹Ý¸é¿¡, °áÁ¤À» ³»¸° ÈÄ¿¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¼±ÅÃÀ» ÀçÆò°¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ±× ÃëÇÑ Çൿ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Çå½ÅÀ» Áõ°¡½ÃÅ°¸ç ¿ì¸®¸¦ ¾ÕÀ¸·Î ³ª¾Æ°¡°Ô ÇØ ÁØ´Ù. (Çؼ³) (A) ¾î¶² °ÍÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÑ ÈÄ¿¡ ±× ¼±Åÿ¡ ¸Â°Ô ±×°ÍÀÇ °¡Ä¡¸¦ »õ·Ó°Ô Á¶Á¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̹ǷÎ, ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¡®update(»õ·Ó°Ô ÇÏ´Ù)¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (B) ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¼±Åðú ÀÏÄ¡Çϵµ·Ï ±×°ÍÀÇ °¡Ä¡¸¦ »õ·Ó°Ô ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é µÚ´Ê°Ô ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ºñÆÇÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾î, ´Ù¸¥ °ÍÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇØ¾ß Çß´ø °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ò±î, ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¼±ÅÃÀÌ ¿ÇÀº °ÍÀ̾úÀ»±î, ¸¶À½À» ¹Ù²Ù¾î¾ß ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ»±î ÇÏ´Â »ý°¢À¸·Î ¿È¦´Þ½Ï ¸øÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù°í ÇßÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¡®indecision(¿ìÀ¯ºÎ´ÜÇÔ)¡¯ÀÌ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) On the other hand, _reevaluating_ our alternatives after making a decision _increases_ our commitment to the action taken and _keeps_ us moving forward.: ¹®ÀåÀÇ ÁÖ¾î´Â reevaluating ¡¦ a decisionÀ¸·Î µ¿¸í»ç±¸´Â ´Ü¼ö Ãë±ÞÇϹǷΠ´Ü¼ö µ¿»ç increases¿Í keeps°¡ ¾²¿´´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * option: ¼±ÅÃ, ¿É¼Ç * concur with: ~¿Í ÀÇ°ßÀ» °°ÀÌ ÇÏ´Ù(ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Ù) * second-guess: »çÈÄ¿¡(µÚ´Ê°Ô) ºñÆÇÇÏ´Ù * insanity: Á¤½Å ÀÌ»ó * interfere with: ~À» ¹æÇØÇÏ´Ù, ~¿¡ ÁöÀåÀ» ÁÖ´Ù * halt: ¸ØÃã, Áß´Ü * reevaluate: ÀçÆò°¡ÇÏ´Ù, ´Ù½Ã °í·ÁÇÏ´Ù * commitment: Àü³ä, Çå½Å * indecision: ¿ìÀ¯ºÎ´ÜÇÔ, (°áÁ¤À» ¸ø ³»¸®°í) ¸Á¼³ÀÓ * update: °»½ÅÇÏ´Ù, »õ·Ó°Ô ÇÏ´Ù 9. Çؼ®: »ç¶÷µéÀº ¾î¶² ÁÖ¾îÁø ½Ã°£¿¡ ó¸®ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Á¤º¸ÀÇ ¾ç¿¡ ÀÖ¾î ±ØÈ÷ Á¦ÇѵǾî ÀÖ´Ù°í ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù. ÁÖÀÇ ÁýÁß¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ãʱâ À̷е鿡¼­ ÈçÈ÷ ÀÖ´Â ÇϳªÀÇ ÀºÀ¯´Â º´¸ñÀÇ °³³äÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ÀºÀ¯´Â ÁÖÀÇ ÁýÁß¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÀÌÇØ¿¡ µé¾î¸Â±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ƯÈ÷ Èï¹Ì·Ó´Ù. º´ÀÇ Á¼Àº ¸ñÀº º´À¸·Î Èê·¯µé¾î°¡°Å³ª ³ª¿À´Â °ÍÀ» Á¦ÇÑÇÑ´Ù. Á¼Àº Åë·Î ¼Ó¿¡¼­ÀÇ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Á¾·ùÀÇ È帧Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Á¤º¸¸¦ ó¸®ÇÏ´Â ¹æ½Ä°ú À¯»çÇÏ´Ù. ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çؼ­, ÀÌ º´¸ñÀº ¿ì¸®°¡ ÁÖÀǸ¦ ±â¿ïÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Á¤º¸ÀÇ ¾çÀ» ÇÑÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ÇϳªÀÇ ¸Þ½ÃÁö°¡ ÇöÀç º´¸ñÀ» Åë°úÇØ Èê·¯°¡°í ÀÖÀ» ¶§, ´Ù¸¥ ¸Þ½ÃÁö´Â µÚ¿¡ ³²¾ÆÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ù ¹®Àå¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³­ ±ÛÀÇ ¿äÁö people are extremely limited in the amount of information that they can process at any given timeÀ» ¡®º´¸ñ(bottleneck)¡¯¿¡ ºñÀ¯ÇÏ¿© ¼³¸íÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ºóÄ­¿¡´Â amount¸¦ ´ë½ÅÇÏ´Â ¨é ¡®quantity(¾ç)¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ç °¡Ä¡ ¨è Ãâó ¨ê ½Å·Úµµ ¨ë Ä£¼÷ÇÔ (±¸¹®) _It_ is known _that_ people are extremely limited in the amount of information _that_ they can process at any given time.: °¡ÁÖ¾î(It)¿Í ÁøÁÖ¾î(that people are ~)·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø ±¸¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ÁøÁÖ¾î ¼ÓÀÇ ¸ñÀû°Ý °ü°è´ë¸í»ç thatÀÌ À̲ô´Â °ü°èÀý(that ¡¦ time)Àº ¼±Çà»ç informationÀ» ¼ö½ÄÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * limited: Á¦ÇÑµÈ * bottleneck: º´¸ñ * appealing: ¸Å·ÂÀûÀÎ, Èï¹Ì·Î¿î * restrict: Á¦ÇÑÇÏ´Ù * passageway: Åë·Î 35ÂÊ ½±´Ù. ȸ»ç´Â ȸ»ç¿¡ ¼ÓÇØ ÀÖ´Â ±¸¼º¿ø ´ë½Å¿¡ ȸ»ç ÀÚü¿¡ ¹ýÀûÀΠåÀÓÀ» ºÎ¿©Çϵµ·Ï ¼³¸³µÇ¾î Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ Áý´Ü ȯ°æ¿¡¼­ÀÇ °³ÀÎÀû Ã¥ÀÓÀÌ °¨¼ÒµÇ´Â À̾߱⿡ ´ëÇØ º¹À⼺À» ÇÑ Ãþ ´õ ´õÇÑ´Ù. °³ÀÎ ±¸¼º¿øÀÌ ÈçÈ÷ º¯È­¸¦ ÀÏÀ¸Å°´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¿µÇâ·ÂÀ̳ª ´É·ÂÀ» È®½ÅÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â ´Ù¸¥ º¹ÀâÇÑ Á¶Á÷µéµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·± Á¾·ùÀÇ ¹®È­¿¡¼­, ¡°´Ù¸¥ ´©±º°¡°¡ ÇÏ°ÚÁö.¡±¶ó´Â °ÍÀº ÈçÇÑ º¯¸íÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) Áý´Ü ȯ°æ¿¡¼­´Â °³ÀÎÀÇ Ã¥ÀÓÀÌ °¨¼ÒÇÑ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀ̹ǷÎ, ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨ç ¡®lost in groups(Áý´Ü ¼Ó¿¡¼­ »ç¶óÁú)¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨è ½±°Ô ÀÎÁöµÉ ¨é ½ºÆ®·¹½º¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °¨¼ÒµÉ ¨ê ¹ý¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °­È­µÉ ¨ë ¾î·ÈÀ» ¶§ Çü¼ºµÉ (±¸¹®) Consider _how often you¡¯ve passed_ someone _who_ is pulled over on the side of the road with car trouble.: how ¡¦ passed´Â 'Àǹ®»ç±¸(how often)+ÁÖ¾î(you)+µ¿»ç(have passed)'·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø °£Á¢Àǹ®¹®À¸·Î, µ¿»ç ConsiderÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. °ü°è´ë¸í»ç who°¡ À̲ô´Â °ü°èÀý(who ¡¦ trouble)Àº ¼±Çà»ç someoneÀ» ¼ö½ÄÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * pull over: ±æ ÇÑ ÂÊÀ¸·Î Â÷¸¦ ´ë´Ù * justify: Á¤´çÈ­ÇÏ´Ù * corporation: ȸ»ç, ¹ýÀÎ * set up: ¼³¸³ÇÏ´Ù, ¼¼¿ì´Ù * assign: ºÎ¿©ÇÏ´Ù, ÇÒ´çÇÏ´Ù * organization: Á¶Á÷ * individual: °³ÀÎÀÇ * excuse: º¯¸í, Çظí 11. Çؼ®: ·¯½ºÆ® º§Æ®(¹Ì±¹ ºÏºÎÀÇ »ç¾çÈ­µÈ °ø¾÷Áö´ë)´Â °ø±â ÁúÀÌ ÁÁÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀ¸·Î ¾Ç¸íÀÌ ³ô´Ù. ¼ö½Ê ³â µ¿¾È ¼®Åº °øÀå, ö°­ »ý»ê, ÀÚµ¿Â÷ ¹è±â°¡½º´Â Ȳ»ê¿° °°Àº ºÐÁøÀ» ¹Ì±¹ µ¿ºÎÁö¿ª ´ë±â·Î »Õ¾î³Â´Ù. ƯÈ÷ °ø±â Áú(°ú °ü·ÃµÈ) ¹ý¾ÈÀÌ 1970³â´ë¿¡ µîÀåÇϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇϱâ Àü¿¡ ºÐÁøÀ¸·Î µÈ ¿À¿°¹°ÁúÀº »ê¼ººñ, È£Èí±â Áúȯ, ¿ÀÁ¸ Æı« µÚ¿¡ °¡·ÁÁ® ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ÇϹöµå ´ëÇÐÀÇ »õ·Î¿î ¿¬±¸´Â ·¯½ºÆ® º§Æ®ÀÇ ºÐÁøÀ¸·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø ¾È°³°¡ ƯÈ÷ °¡Àå µÎÅÍ¿ï ¶§, ±âÈÄ º¯È­ÀÇ ¿µÇâÀ» ´ÊÃß´Â µ¥ µµ¿òÀÌ µÇ¾úÀ» ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ½Ã»çÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. 20¼¼±â ³»³» Áö±¸ÀÇ ¿Âµµ´Â µü ¼·¾¾ 1µµ ¹Ì¸¸À¸·Î »ó½ÂÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¹Ì±¹ µ¿ºÎ¿Í ÁߺÎÀÇ ÁÖµéÀº °°Àº ¿ÂµµÀÇ »ó½ÂÀ» º¸ÀÌÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. »ç½Ç ±×°÷ÀÇ ¿Âµµ´Â °°Àº ±â°£¿¡ ½ÇÁ¦·Î ¶³¾îÁ³´Ù. ±× ÀÌÀ¯´Â ºÐÁøÀ¸·Î µÈ ¿À¿°¹°ÁúÀÎ °Í °°´Ù. ÀÌ»êȭź¼Òó·³ ´ë±â¿¡ µû¶æÇÑ °ø±â¸¦ °¡µÎ´Â °Í ´ë½Å¿¡ Ȳ»ê¿°°ú °°Àº ¹Ì¼¼ÇÑ ÀÔÀÚµéÀº žçÀÇ ºû°ú ¿­À» ¹Ý»ç½ÃŲ´Ù. ±×°ÍµéÀº ¹°±â°¡ ¸¹Àº ±¸¸§ÀÇ ÀÛÀº ¹°¹æ¿ï°ú ¹«¸®¸¦ Áö¾î ¸ðÀ̱⵵ Çϸç, ±×°ÍÀº °°Àº ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. ±× °á°ú´Â _Àüü Áö¿ª¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÃÖÁ¾ÀûÀÎ ³Ã°¢_ÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ·¯½ºÆ® º§Æ®¿¡ ¼ÓÇÑ Áö¿ª¿¡¼­ ºÐÁøÀ¸·Î µÈ ¿À¿°¹°ÁúÀÌ Å¾çÀÇ ºû°ú ¿­À» ¹Ý»ç½ÃÄÑ ÀÌ Áö¿ªÀÇ ±â¿ÂÀ» ³·Ãß¾ú´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ ±ÛÀÇ ÁÖµÈ ³»¿ëÀ̹ǷÎ, ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨è ¡®a net cooling across entire regions(Àüü Áö¿ª¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÃÖÁ¾ÀûÀÎ ³Ã°¢)¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ç ÀÌ»êȭź¼ÒÀÇ ÃàÀû ¨é Áö±¸ ¿Â³­È­ÀÇ ±Þ°ÝÇÑ °¡¼ÓÈ­ ¨ê °ø±âÁúÀÇ »ó´çÇÑ °³¼± ¨ë ´À¸®Áö¸¸ ²ÙÁØÇÑ ¿ÂµµÀÇ »ó½Â (±¸¹®) _Instead of_ trapping warm air in the atmosphere _like_ carbon dioxide, fine particles _like_ sulfate reflect the sun's light and heat.: ÀüÄ¡»ç±¸ Instead of(¡¦´ë½Å¿¡)ÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î·Î µ¿¸í»ç trappingÀÌ ¾²¿´´Ù. ÀüÄ¡»ç like´Â ¡®~°°Àº, ~󷳡¯ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * notorious: ¾Ç¸í ³ôÀº * emission: ¹è±â°¡½º * sulfate: Ȳ»ê¿° * respiratory: È£Èí±âÀÇ * depletion: °í°¥, ¼Ò¸ð * particle: ¹Ì¼¼ÇÑ ÀÔÀÚ * droplet: ÀÛÀº ¹°¹æ¿ï 12. Çؼ®: ¸ðÂ÷¸£Æ® À½¾ÇÀ» µéÀ¸¸é ¾ÆÀÌ°¡ ´õ ¿µ¸®ÇØÁø´Ù´Â ¼ÒÀ§ ¸ðÂ÷¸£Æ® È¿°ú´Â, ¿¬±¸ Á¶»ç¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Á¤´ç¼ºÀ» ºÎ¿©¹ÞÁö ¸øÇÑ °ú´ë ±¤°í¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¹æ¼Û ¸Åü¿¡ ÀÇÇØ _¿Ö°îµÈ °úÇÐÀû ¹ß°ß_ÀÇ ÇÑ °¡Áö ÁÁÀº ¿¹ÀÌ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ¼øÀüÈ÷, ¼±°îÇÑ ¸ðÂ÷¸£Æ® À½¾Ç¿¡ ³ëÃâµÈ ÈÄ¿¡ ´ëÇлýµéÀÌ Á¶°¢ ±×¸² ¸ÂÃß±â¿Í °°Àº °úÁ¦¿¡¼­ ¾à 10ºÐ µ¿¾È °ø°£ Ã߸® ´É·ÂÀÌ »ó½ÂÇÔÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ¾ú´Ù°í ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀÌ º¸°íÇßÀ» ¶§ ½ÃÀ۵Ǿú´Ù. ¿ì¼± ±× ¿¬±¸°¡ ¾ÆÀÌ°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ ´ëÇлýÀ» ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ÇàÇØÁ³°í ¶Ç ±× È¿°ú´Â ¸Å¿ì ª¾ÒÀ½À» ÁÖ¸ñÇ϶ó. »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ±×¿Í ¶È°°Àº ¿¬±¸¸¦ ¹Ýº¹ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´ø »ç¶÷Àº ¾Æ¹«µµ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. °ø°£ Ã߸® ´É·ÂÀÇ »ó½ÂÀº Å×½ºÆ®¸¦ ¹Þ´Â µ¿¾È »ç¶÷µéÀÇ Á¤½Å È°µ¿À» ±â¹ÎÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç û°¢ ÀÚ±Ø(¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ªÀº À̾߱⳪ ´Ù¸¥ ÇüÅÂÀÇ À½¾ÇÀ» µè´Â °Í)¿¡ ÀÇÇØ »ý±æ ¼ö ÀÖÀ½ÀÌ ¹àÇôÁö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ÀÌ Áß ¾î´À °Íµµ ºñÀ±¸®ÀûÀΠȸ»ç°¡ ÇàÇÏ´Â ±×·²µíÇÑ ÁÖÀå¿¡ ÀÚ±ØÀ» ¹ÞÀº ¿­¼ºÀûÀÎ ºÎ¸ðµéÀÌ Àڱ⠾ÆÀ̵éÀ» À§ÇØ ¸ðÂ÷¸£Æ®ÀÇ À½¹ÝÀ» »ç´Â °ÍÀ» ¸·Áö´Â ¸øÇß´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¸ðÂ÷¸£Æ® À½¾ÇÀ» µé·ÁÁØ ¿¬±¸ ´ë»óÀº ¾ÆÀ̵µ ¾Æ´Ï¾ú°í, °á°úÀÇ È¿°ú´Â ª¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, ±× ¿¬±¸¸¦ ¹Ýº¹ÇÒ ¼öµµ ¾ø¾ú°í, ´Ù¸¥ û°¢Àû Àڱؿ¡ ÀÇÇؼ­µµ ºñ½ÁÇÑ È¿°ú°¡ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹àÇôÁö°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀ¸·Î, ¸ðÂ÷¸£Æ® È¿°ú´Â ºñÀ±¸®ÀûÀΠȸ»çµéÀÇ ±×·²µíÇÑ ÁÖÀå, ´Ù½Ã ¸»ÇØ, ¿¬±¸ Á¶»ç¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Á¤´ç¼ºÀ» ºÎ¿©¹ÞÁö ¸øÇÏ°í °ú´ë ±¤°í¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¨é ¡®a scientific finding being distorted(¿Ö°îµÈ °úÇÐÀû ¹ß°ß)¡¯ÀÇ ¿¹¶ó°í º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¨ç °úÀåµÈ ºÎ¸ð¿Í ÀÚ³àÀÇ À¯´ë ¨è ¹ö·ÁÁø ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ °úÇÐÀû Çõ½Å ¨ê ¹«½ÃµÈ Ã߷аú À½¾ÇÀÇ »ó°ü°ü°è ¨ë °¡´ÉÇØÁø À½¾Ç°ú »ý¸®ÇÐÀÇ À¶ÇÕ (±¸¹®) However, none of this has _stopped_ eager parents--spurred on by fantastic claims from unethical companies-- _from_ purchasing Mozart CDs for their babies.: 'stop+¸ñÀû¾î+from -ing'´Â ¡®~ÀÌ ¡¦ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ±×¸¸µÎ°Ô ÇÏ´Ù¡¯¶ó´Â ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * warrant: Á¤´çÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé´Ù * selection: ¼±°î, ¼±Åà * spatial reasoning: °ø°£ Ã߸®(´É·Â) * jigsaw: Á¶°¢ ¸ÂÃß±â * replicate: ¹Ýº¹ÇÏ´Ù, º¹Á¦ÇÏ´Ù * stimulation: ÀÚ±Ø * spur: ÀÚ±ØÇÏ´Ù, ¹ÚÂ÷¸¦ °¡ÇÏ´Ù 13. Çؼ®: ¾î¶² ȸ»ç°¡ ½ÅÁ¦Ç°À» Ãâ½ÃÇÒ ¶§, ±× ȸ»çÀÇ °æÀï»çµéÀº ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ±× Á¦Ç°ÀÌ ÀڽŵéÀÇ ÆǸŸ¦ Àá½ÄÇÒ °¡´É¼ºÀ» _ÁÙÀ̱â_ À§ÇØ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀº ¹«¾ùÀ̵ç Çϸ鼭 ¹æ¾î ż¼¸¦ ÃëÇÑ´Ù. (±×µéÀÇ) ´ëÀÀµé¿¡´Â ¸¶ÄÉÆÿ¡ ³ë·ÂÀ» ´õ ±â¿ïÀÌ´Â °Í, À¯Åë ü°è Çù·ÂÀڵ鿡°Ô ÇÒÀÎ Á¦°øÇϱâ, ±×¸®°í ½ÉÁö¾î´Â °æÀï»çÀÇ (°Å·¡ÀÇ) È®ÀåÀ» ¹æÇØÇÒ ¹ý±Ô¸¦ À§ÇØ ·ÎºñÇÏ´Â °Í±îÁöµµ Æ÷Ç﵃ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¸Áö¸¸, ¸¹Àº °æ¿ì ±×·¯ÇÑ Á¶Ä¡µéÀº À߸øµÈ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. °æÀï»çÀÇ (½ÅÁ¦Ç°) Ãâ½Ã°¡ (ÀÚ»çÀÇ) ÀÌÀÍ¿¡ Ÿ°ÝÀ» ÁÙ °ÍÀ̶ó´Â »çȸÀû Åë³äÀÌ ÈçÈ÷ ¸Â±âµµ ÇÏÁö¸¸, ³»°¡ ¿¬±¸ÇÑ ¹Ù¿¡ µû¸£¸é °æÀï»ç°¡ (½ÅÁ¦Ç°À») Ãâ½ÃÇÑ ÈÄ¿¡ ¶§·Î´Â ȸ»çÀÇ ÀÌÀÍÀÌ Áõ°¡Çϱ⵵ ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. ±× ±âÀú¿¡ ±ò¸° ¸ÞÄ¿´ÏÁòÀº ¾ÆÁÖ ´Ü¼øÇѵ¥, ¾î¶² ȸ»ç°¡ ½ÅÁ¦Ç°À» Ãâ½ÃÇϸé, ±× ȸ»ç´Â ÈçÈ÷ ±âÁ¸ Á¦Ç°µéÀÇ °¡°ÝÀ» ¿Ã¸°´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ½ÅÁ¦Ç°ÀÌ _´õ Àú·ÅÇØ_ º¸ÀÌ°í, µû¶ó¼­ (±âÁ¸ Á¦Ç°µé°ú) ºñ±³ÇÏ¿© (½ÅÁ¦Ç°ÀÌ) ´õ ¸Å·ÂÀûÀ¸·Î º¸ÀÌ°Ô ÇÏ·Á°í ÀǵµµÈ °ÍÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±× ȸ»ç°¡ °¡°ÝÃ¥Á¤À» Á¶Á¤ÇÒ ¶§, °æÀï»çµéµµ °í°´ ÀÌÅ» À§Çè ¾øÀÌ °¡°Ý¿¡ ´ëÇØ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ÀÏÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (Çؼ³) (A) ¾î¶² ȸ»ç°¡ ½ÅÁ¦Ç°À» Ãâ½ÃÇÒ ¶§ ¹æ¾î ż¼¸¦ ÃëÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº °æÀï»çµéÀÌ ±× Á¦Ç°ÀÌ ÀڽŵéÀÇ ÆǸŸ¦ Àá½ÄÇÒ °¡´É¼ºÀ» ¡®ÁÙÀ̱⡯ À§ÇØ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ÇÑ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀ̹ǷÎ, ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¡®reduce(ÁÙÀÌ´Ù)¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (B) ¾î¶² ȸ»ç°¡ ½ÅÁ¦Ç°À» Ãâ½ÃÇÑ ÈÄ, ±âÁ¸ Á¦Ç°µéÀÇ °¡°ÝÀ» ¿Ã¸®°Ô µÇ¸é ½ÅÁ¦Ç°ÀÌ »ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Î ¡®´õ Àú·ÅÇØ¡¯ º¸ÀÌ°Ô µÇ¹Ç·Î, ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¡®cheaper(´õ Àú·ÅÇÑ)¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) When a company comes out with a new product, its competitors typically go on the defensive, doing _whatever_ they can to reduce the odds _that_ the offering will eat into their sales.: whatever´Â º¹ÇÕ°ü°è´ë¸í»ç·Î anything that(¡¦ÇÑ ¸ðµç(¾î¶²) °Í)ÀÇ ¶æÀÌ´Ù. Á¢¼Ó»ç thatÀÌ À̲ô´Â Àý that ¡¦ sales´Â the odds¿Í µ¿°ÝÀÇ °ü°èÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * product: »ý»êÇ°, Á¦ÀÛ¹° * competitor: °æÀïÀÚ, °æÀï »ó´ë * on the defensive: ¹æ¾îÀûÀΠŵµ(¹æ¾î ż¼)¸¦ ÃëÇÏ´Â * odds °¡´É¼º, È®·ü * offering: ÆÈ ¹°°Ç, ¸Å¹° * channel: À¯Åë ü°è, °æ·Î * expansion: È®Àå * misguided: À߸øµÈ, ¿ÀµµµÈ * conventional wisdom: »çȸÀû(ÀϹÝÀû) Åë³ä * underlying: ¹Ø¿¡ ÀÖ´Â, ±âÃÊ°¡ µÇ´Â * by comparison: ºñ±³ÇØ º¸¸é, ±×¿¡ ºñÇØ * adjust: Á¶Á¤ÇÏ´Ù 14. Çؼ®: »ç¾÷ ÁöµµÀÚµéÀÌ ½Å·Ú°¨À» ½×´Â °úÁ¤À» ½ÃÀÛÇϱ⿡ ÀûÀýÇÑ È¯°æÀº Á÷¿øµé¿¡°Ô ´õ _´«¿¡ Àß º¸ÀÌ´Â_ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. »ç¹«½Ç ¹ÛÀ¸·Î ³ª¿Í Á÷¿øµé°ú ÇÔ²² ¾î¿ï¸®´Â °ÍÀº ¸Å¿ì ÈçÇÑ ½Å·Ú°¨ ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °£´ÜÇÑ ÇØ°áÃ¥ÀÌ´Ù. Á¶Á÷ °³¼± ¿öÅ©¼ó¿¡¼­ ¿ì¸®´Â Á¾Á¾ ¡°¿©·¯ºÐ°ú ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ °ü¸®ÀÚ °£ÀÇ ÀÇ»ç¼ÒÅë°ú ½Å·Ú°¨ Çâ»ó¿¡ °¡Àå Å« ÇϳªÀÇ Àå¾Ö´Â ¹«¾ùÀԴϱî?¡±¶ó´Â Áú¹®À» ÇÑ´Ù. ¸¹Àº °æ¿ì¿¡ ù ¹ø° ÀÀ´äÀº ¡°Àú´Â ±×³à¸¦ ÀüÇô ¸¸³ª º¸Áö ¸øÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×³à´Â Ç×»ó ȸÀÇ ÁßÀÔ´Ï´Ù.¡±ÀÌ´Ù. ½ÉÁö¾î »ó»çµéÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô »ý°å´ÂÁö¸¦ ¸ð¸£´Â »óȲ¿¡¼­ Á÷¿øµéÀÌ »ó»çµé¿¡°Ô °¡Áö´Â ½Å·Ú°¨¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀνÄÀ» ÁÁ¾ÆÁö°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ÁöµµÀÚµéÀÌ »ç¹«½Ç¿¡¼­ Á»Ã³·³ ³ª¿ÀÁö ¾Ê°í, ´ë½Å¿¡ À̸ÞÀÏÀ» ÅëÇØ ÀÇ»ç¼ÒÅëÇϱ⸦ ¼±ÅÃÇÑ´Ù¸é, ±×µéÀº ´õ ÀÌ»ó ±× Á¶Á÷ÀÇ ÀϺΰ¡ µÇÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. (Çؼ³) »ç¾÷ ÁöµµÀڵ鿡°Ô Á÷¿øµé°úÀÇ ÀÇ»ç¼ÒÅë°ú ½Å·Ú°¨ Çâ»óÀÇ Àå¾Ö°¡ µÇ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î, ÀüÇô ¸¸³ªº¸Áö ¸øÇÏ´Â °Í(I never see her.)À» ù ¹ø° ÀÀ´ä »ç·Ê·Î ¼­¼úÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. À̸¦ ¹Ù²Ù¾î ¸»ÇÑ´Ù¸é ½Å·Ú°¨À» ½×À¸·Á¸é Á÷¿øµé¿¡°Ô ´õ ¸¹ÀÌ ´«¿¡ º¸ÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â ÀǹÌÀ̹ǷÎ, ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨è ¡®visible(´«¿¡ Àß º¸ÀÌ´Â)¡¯ÀÌ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ç À¯»çÇÑ ¨é ¼ÖÁ÷ÇÑ ¨ê °¨»çÇÏ´Â ¨ë ÁÖ°üÀûÀÎ (±¸¹®) _Getting_ out of the office and _mixing_ with employees is a simple solution to a very common trust problem.: µ¿¸í»ç±¸°¡ ¿¬°áµÇ¾î ÁÖ¾î ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ°í ÀÖ°í ´ÜÀÏ °³³äÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»¹Ç·Î, ´Ü¼ö µ¿»ç is°¡ ¾²¿´´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * employee: Á÷¿ø, »ç¿ø * organizational: Á¶Á÷ÀÇ * barrier to: ~ÀÇ À庮, Àå¾Ö(¹°), ¹æÇØ * perception: ÀνÄ(·Â), Áö°¢(·Â) * higher-up: »ó»ç, »ó°ü 37ÂÊ Àû´ë°¨À» ´À³¢°Ô µÇ´Â ¾î¶² »ý°¢À» ´©±º°¡°¡ Á¦¾ÈÇÑ´Ù¸é ½º½º·Î ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ» ¸»Çϵµ·Ï Çã¿ëÇϱâ Àü¿¡ ±×°Í¿¡ °üÇØ ¸»ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¼¼ °¡Áö ÀåÁ¡À» ÀǵµÀûÀ¸·Î ã¾Æº½À¸·Î½á ±×°ÍÀ» ±âÃÊ·Î »ï¾Æ¶ó. ¸¸¾à ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÁöÁö °ßÇØ°¡ ºñÆÇÀûÀÎ °ßÇغ¸´Ù ´õ ºñÁßÀÌ Å©´Ù¸é »ó´ë¹æÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »ý°¢À» °í·ÁÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â Á¡¿¡ ¾È½ÉÇÏ¿© ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¸»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ´õ Àß ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀ̱⠽±´Ù. (Çؼ³) ºóÄ­ µÚ¿¡¼­ Àû´ë°¨À» ´À³¢°Ô µÇ´Â »ý°¢À» ´©±º°¡°¡ Á¦¾ÈÇÏ´õ¶óµµ ±×°Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ¸»À» Çϱâ Àü¿¡ ¸ÕÀú ¼¼ °¡Áö ÀåÁ¡À» ÀǵµÀûÀ¸·Î ã¾Æº¸¶ó°í ÇßÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨ê ¡®look on the positive side(±àÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ¸éÀ» ¹Ù¶óº¸´Ù)¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ç ´ç½ÅÀÇ ¼Óµµ¸¦ °è¼Ó º¯È­½ÃÅ°´Ù ¨è Áý´ÜÀÇ Çʿ並 ÃæÁ·½ÃÅ°´Ù ¨é ¾àÁ¡À» ¹ß°ßÇÏ´Ù (±¸¹®) If your supporting comments outweigh the critical ones, the other person _will feel_ reassured that you're considering their idea and _is_ likely to be more receptive to what you say.: ÁÖ¾î the other personÀÇ µ¿»ç´Â will feel°ú isÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * reject: °ÅºÎÇÏ´Ù * normal: Á¤»óÀûÀÎ * avenue: ¹æ¹ý, ¼ö´Ü * squash: (Á¦¾È µîÀ») ¹°¸®Ä¡´Ù, °ÅºÎÇÏ´Ù * defensively: ¹æ¾îÀûÀ¸·Î * argument: ³íÀÇ, ³íÀï * hostile: Àû´ëÀûÀÎ * deliberately: °íÀÇ·Î, ÀǵµÀûÀ¸·Î * negative: ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀÎ * supporting: ÁöÁöÇÏ´Â, ÈÄ¿øÇÏ´Â * outweigh: ´õ ºñÁßÀÌ Å©´Ù, ´õ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù * receptive to: ~À» Àß ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌ´Â 16. Çؼ®: ¸¸ÀÏ ¹Ì·ïÁø´Ù¸é ¸¹Àº »ý°¢°ú °áÁ¤ÀÌ ´ç¿¬È÷ Çâ»óµÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ï½ÃÇÏ´Â Áö¿¬¿¡ °üÇÑ ±æ°í ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ÀÌ·ÂÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. °áÁ¤À» ³»¸®´Â °ÍÀ» ¹Ì·ç´Â °Í ±× ÀÚüµµ ÇϳªÀÇ °áÁ¤À̶ó´Â °ÍÀº ÀÏÁ¾ÀÇ ÀÚ¸íÇÑ ÀÌÄ¡ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÇȸÀÇ °úÁ¤Àº º»ÁúÀûÀ¸·Î ¿¬±â¿Í ÇùÀÇÀÇ Ã¼°èÀÌ´Ù. ±×·± ¹®Á¦¿¡ °üÇؼ­´Â À§´ëÇÑ ±×¸², ȤÀº ¿ä¸®, ȤÀº Ã¥, ȤÀº Marlborough °øÀÛÀÇ °ÇÃà°¡µé°ú Àϲ۵éÀÌ °ÇÃàÇÏ´Â µ¥ 15³âÀÌ °É¸° Blenheim ±ÃÀü°ú °°Àº °Ç¹°ÀÇ Ã¢Á¶ ¶ÇÇÑ ±×·¯ÇÏ´Ù. ±× °úÁ¤ ¼Ó¿¡¼­ °èȹÀÌ ¹«¸£ÀÍ¾î ºÎµå·¯¿öÁú ¼ö ÀÖ°í ¾ç³äÀå¿¡ Àç¿öÁø °Íó·³ dz¹Ì°¡ ´õÇØÁú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Á¤¸»·Î, _¼­µÎ¸§_Àº ¿ì¾ÆÇÔÀÇ ÀÚ°´ÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Sword in the StoneÀÇ ÀúÀÚÀÎ T.H. White°¡ ÇѶ§ ½è´ø °Íó·³, ½Ã°£Àº ¡°ÇÑ ½Ã°£ ȤÀº ÇÏ·ç ¾È¿¡ »ïÄѹö·ÁÁö´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¼¶¼¼ÇÏ°Ô Á¡ÁøÀûÀ¸·Î ¼­µÎ¸£Áö ¾Ê°í ¼ÒºñµÇ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.¡± ´Ù¸¥ ¸»·Î ÇÏÀÚ¸é, ¿À´Ã ¹Ýµå½Ã ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Æµµ µÇ´Â °ÍÀº ºÎµð ³»ÀϱîÁö ¹Ýµå½Ã ¹Ì·ç¾î¶ó. (Çؼ³) °áÁ¤À» ¹Ì·ç¸é ÀÌÁ¡ÀÌ ÀÖÁö¸¸ ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ¼­µÎ¸£°Ô µÇ¸é ¿ì¾ÆÇÔÀ» ÀÒ¾î¹ö¸± ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÇ ±ÛÀ̹ǷÎ, ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨ç ¡®hurry(¼­µÎ¸§)¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) So, for that matter, is the creation of a great painting, or an entr^4,15^e, or a book, or a building like Blenheim Palace, _which_ took the Duke of Marlborough's architects and laborers 15 years to construct.: °ü°è´ë¸í»ç whichÀÇ ¼±Çà»ç´Â Blenheim PalaceÀ̸ç À̾îÁö´Â Àý ¼Ó¿¡¼­ ÁÖ¾î ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * honorable: ÈǸ¢ÇÑ * procrastination: Áö¿¬ * may well: ~ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ´ç¿¬ÇÏ´Ù * parliamentary: ÀÇȸÀÇ * deliberation: ÇùÀÇ, ¼÷°í * entr^4,15^e: ¾ÓÆ®·¹(¿µ±¹: »ý¼±ÀÌ ³ª¿Â ´ÙÀ½ ±¸¿î °í±â°¡ ³ª¿À±â Àü¿¡ ³ª¿À´Â ¿ä¸®; ¹Ì±¹: ÁÖ¿ä ¿ä¸®) * mellow: (¿¬·ûÀÌ ½×¿©) ºÎµå·¯¿öÁö´Ù * marinate: (°í±â, »ý¼± µîÀ») ¾ç³äÀå(marinade)¿¡ Àç¿ö µÎ´Ù * assassin: ÀÚ°´, ¾Ï»ìÀÚ * devour: °Ô°É½º·´°Ô ¸Ô´Ù, »ïÄѹö¸®´Ù * by all means: ¹Ýµå½Ã, ºÐ¸íÈ÷ 17. Çؼ®: ¿ì¸®°¡ ºÐ³ë¿Í ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀÎ »ý°¢°ú °¨Á¤À» ¾ïÁ¦ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¿ì¸® ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °¨Á¤À» ºÎÁ¤ÇØ¾ß ÇÔÀ» ÀǹÌÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ºÎÀΰú ÀÚÁ¦ »çÀÌ¿¡´Â ±¸ºÐÇØ µÎ¾î¾ß ÇÒ Áß¿äÇÑ Â÷ÀÌÁ¡ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ÈÄÀÚ´Â ±×·¸°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Á®¿À´Â ÀÌÁ¡µéÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÏ´Â ¹ÙÅÁ¿¡¼­ ÀǵµÀûÀÌ°í ÀÚ¹ßÀûÀ¸·Î ÃëÇØÁø ÀýÁ¦·Î ¿©°ÜÁø´Ù. ÀÌ´Â °ÑÀ¸·Î´Â ÀÚ±â ÅëÁ¦¸¦ º¸ÀÏ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù°í ´À²¸¼­, ȤÀº ´Ù¸¥ À̵éÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô »ý°¢ÇÒÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µÎ·Á¿ò¿¡¼­ ºÐ³ë¿Í °°Àº °¨Á¤À» ¾ïÁ¦ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÇ °æ¿ì¿Í´Â ¸Å¿ì ´Ù¸£´Ù. ±×·¯ÇÑ ÇൿÀº ¿©ÀüÈ÷ °¨¿°µÈ »óó¸¦ ºÀÇÕÇÏ´Â °Í°ú °°´Ù. ±ÔÀ² Áؼö¿¡ °üÇؼ­ À̾߱âÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ºÎÀΰú ¾ï¾ÐÀÌ ÀϾ´Â °÷¿¡¼­, ±×·¸°Ô ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ±× »ç¶÷ÀÌ ºÐ³ë¿Í ºÐÇÑ ¸¶À½À» _½×¾Æ ³õ´Â_ À§Ç輺ÀÌ ¿À±â ¸¶·ÃÀÌ´Ù. ¿©±â¼­ ¹®Á¦´Â ¹Ì·¡ÀÇ ¾î´À ½ÃÁ¡¿¡ À̸£°Ô µÇ¸é ±×µéÀÌ ´õ´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °¨Á¤À» ¾ï´©¸£°í ÀÖÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ºóÄ­ÀÌ µé¾î ÀÖ´Â ¹®ÀåÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» ¸¶Áö¸· ¹®Àå¿¡¼­ ´õ ÀÚ¼¼È÷ ¼³¸íÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¸¶Áö¸· ¹®Àå¿¡¼­ ¾ð±ÞÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ¡®contain¡¯°ú °°Àº Àǹ̰¡ Àִ ǥÇöÀÌ ¿Í¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ¨é 38ÂÊ ¡®stores up(½×¾Æ ³õ´Ù)¡¯ÀÌ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ç Á¡Â÷ È帴ÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Ù ¨è ~¿¡ ´ëóÇÏ´Ù ¨ê ÁøÁ¤½ÃÅ°´Ù (±¸¹®) Where denial and suppression occur, _there comes the danger_ that in doing so the individual stores up anger and resentment.: here³ª there°¡ ¹®µÎ¿¡ ÀÖ°í, Á־ ´ë¸í»ç°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¸é ÁÖ¾î¿Í µ¿»ç°¡ µµÄ¡µÈ´Ù. ¿©±â¼­µµ the danger°¡ ÁÖ¾î·Î, µ¿»ç comes¿Í µµÄ¡µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, that ¡¦ resentment´Â the danger¿Í ÀÇ¹Ì»ó µ¿°ÝÀÎ ¸í»çÀýÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * curb: ¾ïÁ¦ÇÏ´Ù * restraint: ÀÚÁ¦, ±ÔÁ¦, ÅëÁ¦ * constitute: ~·Î ¿©°ÜÁö´Ù, ±¸¼ºÇÏ´Ù * adopt: ÃëÇÏ´Ù, ¼±ÅÃÇÏ´Ù * discipline: ÀýÁ¦·Â, ±ÔÀ² * suppress: ¾ï¾ÐÇÏ´Ù * infect: °¨¿°½ÃÅ°´Ù * resentment: ºÐÇÔ, ¾ï¿ïÇÔ 18. Çؼ®: ´©±º°¡ °³¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­ ¡°À½, ±× °³´Â ¸Å¿ì ¼º°øÇÑ »îÀ» »ì°í ÀÖ°í ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î Áý¿¡¼­ »ì°í ÀÖÁö¸¸, ±×´ÙÁö ÇູÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê¾Æ.¡±¶ó°í ¸»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» µé¾î º» ÀûÀÌ Àִ°¡? ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ °³°¡ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ »ç¶÷º¸´Ù ÈξÀ ´õ ÇູÇÑ ÇÑ °¡Áö ÀÌÀ¯´Â °³°¡ ¿ì¸®(Àΰ£)ó·³ ¿ÜºÎ ȯ°æÀÇ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÞÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ³ª´Â ½ÉÁö¾î ¹Û¿¡ ºñ°¡ ¾ï¼ö°°ÀÌ ½ñ¾ÆÁú ¶§Á¶Â÷µµ, ³»°¡ Å°¿ì´Â °³ÀÎ Blue¿Í Celeste´Â ¿©ÀüÈ÷ »êÃ¥ÇÏ·¯ ³ª°¡°í ½Í¾î ¾È´ÞÀ̶ó´Â Á¡¿¡ ÁÖ¸ñÇÑ´Ù. ³»°¡ ¹ÛÀ» ³»´Ùº¸±â À§ÇØ ¾Õ¹®À» ¿­ÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ, ±×°ÍµéÀº ¼ø½Ä°£¿¡ ³» ¿·¿¡ ¿Í¼­´Â ¸ðÇèÀ» Áñ±æ Áغñ°¡ µÈ »óÅ·Π±â´ë¿¡ Â÷ ¼­ ÀÖ´Ù. ³ª´Â º¸ÅëÀº ½ñ¾ÆÁö´Â ºñ°¡ ±×Ä¡±â¸¦ ±â´Ù¸®°í, ±×·¯¸é(ºñ°¡ ±×Ä¡¸é) ¿ì¸®´Â ¸ðµÎ ÇÔ²² ±ÞÈ÷ ¶ÙÃijª°£´Ù. ¶¥ÀÌ Á¥¾î ÀÖ°í ÁøÈë ¿õµ¢ÀÌ°¡ ¿©±âÀú±â Èð¾îÁ® ÀÖ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀº _±× °³µé¿¡°Ô ¾Æ¹«·± ¹®Á¦°¡ µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù._ ³»°¡ Á¥Àº °÷À» ÇÇÇØ Á¶½ÉÇؼ­ °È°í ÀÖ´Â µ¿¾È, ±× °³µéÀº ±× ¿õµ¢À̸¦ Áñ°Ì°Ô ÷º¡°Å¸®¸ç Áö³ª°£´Ù. ±×°ÍµéÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¹ßÀÌ ´õ·¯¿öÁö´Â °ÍÀ» µÎ·Á¿öÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. (Çؼ³) ºñ°¡ ¿Â ÀÌÈÄÀÇ Á¥Àº ¶¥°ú ÁøÈë ¿õµ¢À̸¦ ÇÊÀÚ´Â Á¶½ÉÇؼ­ °ÈÁö¸¸, °³µéÀº ±× ¿õµ¢ÀÌ¿¡¼­ Áñ°Ì°Ô ÷º¡°Å¸®¹Ç·Î, ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨ê ¡®means nothing to the dogs(±× °³µé¿¡°Ô ¾Æ¹«·± ¹®Á¦°¡ µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù)¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ç ¿ì¸®°¡ ´õ ª°Ô »êÃ¥À» Çϵµ·Ï µ¿±â¸¦ ºÎ¿©ÇÑ´Ù ¨è ³ª¸¦ ¸Å¿ì ½ÅÀÌ ³ª°Ô ÇÑ´Ù ¨é °³µéÀ» °ï°æ¿¡ óÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù (±¸¹®) _The fact_ that the ground is wet and there are mud puddles dotting the landscape _means_ nothing to the dogs.: ¹®ÀåÀÇ ÁÖ¾î´Â The factÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ´Ü¼ö Á־ µ¿»çÀÇ ¼ö¸¦ ÀÏÄ¡½ÃÄÑ means¸¦ ½è´Ù. that ¡¦ landscape´Â The fact¿Í ÀÇ¹Ì»ó µ¿°ÝÀÎ ¸í»çÀýÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * affect: ¿µÇâÀ» ³¢Ä¡´Ù * external: ¿ÜºÎÀÇ * circumstance: (º¸Åë pl.) ȯ°æ, »óȲ * in a flash: ¼ø½Ä°£¿¡ * dash out: ±ÞÈ÷ ¶ÙÃijª°¡´Ù * puddle: ¿õµ¢ÀÌ * splash: ÷º¡°Å¸®´Ù 19. Çؼ®: Àΰ£ Ž¿åÀÇ °á°ú·Î °øµ¿ÀÇ ÀÚ¿ø¿¡ ÀϾ´Â ÀÏÀ» ¼³¸íÇϱâ À§ÇØ Garrett HardinÀº ¸ðµç °¡Ãà ¼ÒÀ¯ÁÖµéÀÌ ¹«·á·Î ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °¡ÃàµéÀ» ¹æ¸ñÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï Çã¿ëµÇ´Â ¸ñÃÊÁöÀÇ ¿¹¸¦ »ç¿ëÇß´Ù. °¢°¢ÀÇ °¡Ãà ¼ÒÀ¯ÁÖµéÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÌÀÍÀ» _±Ø´ëÈ­Çϱâ_¸¦ Ãß±¸Çϸç, ±×·¸°Ô ÇÒ ¶§, °¡ÃàÀ» ÇÑ ¸¶¸® ´õ ¹«¸®¿¡ Ãß°¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÇ Àå´ÜÁ¡À» °í·ÁÇÑ´Ù. ÀåÁ¡Àº °¡Ãà ¼ÒÀ¯ÁÖ°¡ Ãß°¡µÇ´Â °¡ÃàÀÇ ÆǸſ¡¼­ ³ª¿À´Â ÀÌÀÍ Àüü¸¦ °¡Áø´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ´ÜÁ¡Àº Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ ¹æ¸ñÀº ¸ñÃÊÁö ¾ÇÈ­ÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀÌ µÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±× ´ÜÁ¡Àº ¸ñÃÊÁö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç °¡Ãà ¼ÒÀ¯ÁÖµé »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ °øÀ¯µÇ±â¿¡, °³º° ¼ÒÀ¯ÁÖ´Â ´ÜÁ¡ÀÇ ºÒ°ú ÀϺθ¸À» °Þ°Ô µÈ´Ù. °á°úÀûÀ¸·Î, ÀåÁ¡ÀÌ ´ÜÁ¡À» _ÃÊ°úÇÏ°Ô_ µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î Á¡Á¡ ´õ ¸¹Àº °¡ÃàÀÌ ¸ñÃÊÁö·Î ¸ô·Á³ª¿Í °á±¹ °úµµÇÑ ¹æ¸ñÀÌ ¸ñÃÊÁö¸¦ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ¸ÁÄ¡°Ô µÇ´Â ÀÏÀº ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. (Çؼ³) (A) °¡Ãà ¼ÒÀ¯ÁÖ´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÌÀÍÀ» ¡®±Ø´ëÈ­ÇÑ´Ù¡¯´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹®¸Æ»ó ÀÚ¿¬½º·¯¿ì¹Ç·Î ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¡®maximize¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (B) ¸Á°¡Áö´Â ¸ñÃÊÁö´Â ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷°ú °øÀ¯µÇ´Â ´ÜÁ¡ÀÌ°í, ÀåÁ¡(°¡Ãà ÆǸŠÀÌÀÍ)Àº È¥ÀÚ °¡Áö°Ô µÇ¹Ç·Î ÀåÁ¡ÀÌ ´ÜÁ¡º¸´Ù ´õ Å©´Ù°í ÇØ¾ß ¹®¸Æ»ó ÀÚ¿¬½º·´´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¡®ÃÊ°úÇÏ´Ù¡¯¶ó´Â ÀǹÌÀÇ ¡®exceed¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) _To describe what_ happens to common resources as a result of human greed, Garrett Hardin used the example of an area of pasture _on which_ all the cattle-owners are permitted to graze their animals free of charge.: To describe ¡¦ greed´Â ¸ñÀûÀÇ Àǹ̷Π¾²ÀÎ toºÎÁ¤»ç±¸·Î ¡®~Çϱâ À§Çؼ­¡¯ÀÇ ¶æÀ¸·Î Çؼ®ÇÑ´Ù. what ¡¦ greed´Â ¼±Çà»ç¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â °ü°èÀý·Î ¡®~ÇÑ ÀÏ(°Í)¡¯·Î Çؼ®ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. on which ÀÌÇÏ´Â an area of pasture¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â °ü°èÀýÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * greed: Ž¿å * pasture: ¸ñÃÊÁö * graze: ¹æ¸ñÇÏ´Ù * charge: ¿ä±Ý * deterioration ¾ÇÈ­ * fraction: ÀϺΠ* consequently: °á°úÀûÀ¸·Î * inevitable: ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â * maximize: ±Ø´ëÈ­ÇÏ´Ù * exceed: ÃÊ°úÇÏ´Ù 20. Çؼ®: ¿ì¸®°¡ ºñÀ̼ºÀûÀ¸·Î ÇൿÇÒ ¶§, ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÇൿÀº ´ë°³ Àڽſ¡°Ô Ÿ´çÇÑ °Íó·³ º¸ÀδÙ. ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ÀÌÀÇ°¡ Á¦±âµÇ¸é, ¸¶À½Àº (½º½º·Î¿¡°Ô) ¡°¿Ö ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ³ª¿¡°Ô Èûµç ½Ã°£À» ÁÖ´Â °ÍÀΰ¡? ³ª´Â ÀÌÄ¡¿¡ ¸Â´Â ÀÏÀ» ÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ» »ÓÀε¥. ´©±¸µç À̼ºÀûÀÎ »ç¶÷Àº ÀÌ°ÍÀ» ¾Ë ÅÙµ¥!¡±¶ó°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ¿äÄÁ´ë, ¿ì¸®´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »ç°í°¡ ¿Ïº®È÷ Á¤´çÇÏ´Ù°í ÀÚ¿¬½º·´°Ô »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù. 39ÂÊ ÇÑ, ¿ì¸®´Â ¿Ç°í ÀûÀýÇÏ°í ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ» ÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ» »ÓÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¸®°¡ Ʋ·ÈÀ»Áö ¸ð¸¥´Ù°í ¾Ï½ÃÇÏ´Â ¾î¶°ÇÑ ¼ø°£ÀûÀÎ »ý°¢µµ ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ´õ °­ÇÑ ÀÚ±â ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀÎ »ý°¢À¸·Î _±Øº¹µÈ_´Ù. ¡°³ª´Â Çظ¦ ³¢Ä¥ Àǵµ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¾ú¾î. ³ª´Â Á¤´çÇØ! ³ª´Â °øÁ¤ÇØ! Ʋ¸° °ÍÀº ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀ̾ß.¡± Àΰ£ ¸¶À½ÀÇ ÀÌ·± ¼ºÇâÀ» ¡®ÀÚ¿¬½º·¯¿î »óÅ¡¯¶ó°í ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù. ´Ù½Ã ¸»ÇØ, Àΰ£Àº ÀÚ±â ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀÌ°í, ÀÚ±â ÀÕ¼ÓÀ» Â÷¸®¸ç, Àڱ⠱⸸ÀûÀÎ »ç°í¿Í ÇൿÀ» ¹è¿ï ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ÀÌ·± ÇüŵéÀº ¿ì¸® ¸ðµÎ¿¡°Ô À־ Ÿ°í³­ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¿ì¸®°¡ Ʋ·ÈÀ»Áö ¸ð¸¥´Ù´Â »ý°¢µµ ´õ °­ÇÑ ÀÚ±â ÇÕ¸®È­¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ­ ±Ý¹æ ÀØÇôÁø´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀ̹ǷÎ, ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨ê ¡®overcome(±Øº¹µÈ)¡¯ÀÌ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) [Any fleeting thoughts suggesting that we might be at fault] typically _are overcome_ by more powerful self-justifying thoughts ~.: Any ¡¦ fault°¡ ÁÖ¾îÀ̹ǷΠµ¿»ç´Â thoughts¿¡ ¼ö¸¦ ÀÏÄ¡½ÃÄÑ are·Î ½è´Ù. are overcomeÀº ¼öµ¿Å·Π»ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * irrationally: ºñÀ̼ºÀûÀ¸·Î * reasonable: ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀÎ * challenge: ÀÌÀǸ¦ Á¦±âÇÏ´Ù, µµÀüÇÏ´Ù * make sense: ÀÌÄ¡¿¡ ¸Â´Ù * justify: Á¤´çÈ­ÇÏ´Ù * fleeting: ¼ø°£ÀûÀÎ * at fault: À߸øÇÏ¿©, ÁË(Ã¥ÀÓ)°¡ ÀÖ¾î * typically: ÀüÇüÀûÀ¸·Î * recognize: ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ´Ù * self-serving: ÀÚ±â ÀÕ¼ÓÀ» ì±â´Â * self-deceptive: Àڱ⠱⸸ÀûÀÎ * innate: Ÿ°í³­, ¼±ÃµÀûÀÎ 21. Çؼ®: ¾î´À ½ÃÁ¡¿¡¼­, ¿äÁò, ºÎ¸ð´Â ±×ÀÇ ¾ÆÀÌ°¡ ¿ÞÂÊÀ¸·Î ÆíÁߵǴ °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ±ú´Ý´Â´Ù. ºÎ¸ð´Â ´çȲÇÑ´Ù. ¾ÆÀÌ°¡ ³î¸²À» ¹ÞÀ»±î? ±ÛÀ» ¾²´Â µ¥ ÈûÀÌ µé±î? ¹èÁ¦´çÇÒ±î? °ú°Å¿¡ ºÎ¸ð´Â ÀÌ·± °æÇâÀ» ¸ô¾Æ³»±â À§Çؼ­ °¡´ÉÇÑ ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ÇßÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿À´Ã³¯ ´õ¿í ´õ ¸¹Àº ºÎ¸ð°¡ ±×°ÍÀº ±¦ÂúÀ¸¸ç ½ÉÁö¾î Ưº°ÇÑ °ÍÀÏÁö ¸ð¸¥´Ù°í ¸»Çϸ鼭 ¾î±ú¸¦ À¸¾³ÇÑ´Ù. ¶Ç´Â ±×°ÍÀ» ¸»¸®´Â ±×µéÀÇ ½Ãµµ´Â ´õ ¿ÂÈ­ÇÏ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº °í¸³µÈ ¹ÝÀÀÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº _¾ÆÀ̵éÀÇ °³º°¼ºÀ» ¾ï´©¸£±âº¸´Ù´Â ÃàÇÏÇÏ´Â_ ÂÊÀ¸·ÎÀÇ ´õ Ä¿´Ù¶õ Ãß¼¼ÀÇ ÀϺÎÀÌ´Ù. ¾ÆÀ̵鿡°Ô À¯Ä¡¿ø»ýÀ¸·Î ¹ß´ÞÇÒ Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ ½Ã°£À» ÁÖ´Â °Í¿¡¼­ºÎÅÍ ±×µéÀÇ Ã¤½ÄÁÖÀÇÀûÀÎ ÀÔ¸ÀÀ» ¼ö¿ëÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡ À̸£±â±îÁö, ¿À´Ã³¯ ºÎ¸ðµéÀº, ±× ¹Ý´ë ¹æ½ÄÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ, ¾ÆÀ̵鿡°Ô¼­ ´Ü¼­¸¦ ã¾Æ³½´Ù. ¿Þ¼ÕÀâÀÌ´Â ºù»êÀÇ ÀÏ°¢¿¡ ºÒ°úÇÏ´Ù. ¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ ¼¼»ó¿¡¼­, À°¾Æ´Â ¾ÆÀ̵é·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ±× ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀΰÝü·Î ¹ßÀüÇϵµ·Ï ³öµÎ´Â °ÍÀ̸ç, ȹÀÏÀûÀΠƲ·Î Âï¾î³»·Á°í ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¿¹Àü¿¡´Â ºÎ¸ð°¡ ¾ÆÀ̵éÀ» ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé°ú ¶È°°Àº ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ¼ºÀåÇϵµ·Ï ¾çÀ°ÇßÁö¸¸, ¿À´Ã³¯¿¡´Â ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÇ °³º°¼ºÀ» Á¸ÁßÇÏ´Â ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ¾çÀ°ÇÑ´Ù°í Çß´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨è ¡®celebrating, rather than suppressing, individuality in kids(¾ÆÀ̵éÀÇ °³º°¼ºÀ» ¾ï´©¸£±âº¸´Ù´Â ÃàÇÏÇÏ´Â)¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ç °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ ÀÚÁúÀ» Çâ»ó½ÃÅ°±âº¸´Ù´Â ¹«½ÃÇÏ´Â ¨é ºÎ¸ðÀÇ °¨µ¶À» °ü¸®Çϱ⺸´Ù´Â ´Ü³äÇÏ´Â ¨ê ±×µé ¾ÆÀÌÀÇ (³ª»Û) Àå³­À» °£°úÇϱ⺸´Ù´Â ºÐ¼®ÇÏ´Â (±¸¹®) Today, more and more parents shrug their shoulders, _saying it's okay, maybe even something special_.: saying ¡¦ specialÀº ºÎ´ë»óȲÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ºÐ»ç±¸¹®À¸·Î, Àǹ̻ó ÁÖ¾î´Â more and more parentsÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * tend: °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù * panic: ´çȲÇÏ´Ù * shrug one's shoulders: ¾î±ú¸¦ À¸¾³°Å¸®´Ù * discourage: ¾ï´©¸£´Ù * isolated: °í¸³µÈ * kindergartener: À¯Ä¡¿ø»ý * accommodate: ¼ö¿ëÇÏ´Ù * vegetarian: ä½ÄÁÖÀÇÀÇ * cue: ÈùÆ® * stamp: Âï¾î³»´Ù * mold: Ʋ * conformity: ȹÀϼº 22. Çؼ®: ÇÏ·ç´Â 17¼¼±â öÇÐÀÚÀÎ Thomas Hobbes°¡ ·±´øÀÇ °Å¸®¸¦ °É¾î°¥ ¶§, µ·À» ±¸°ÉÇÏ´Â ´Ä°í º´µç »ç¶÷°ú ¸¶ÁÖÃÆ´Ù. Hobbes´Â ¸¶À½ÀÌ ¿òÁ÷¿©¼­ Áï°¢ ±×¿¡°Ô ÈÄÇÑ µ·À» ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×ÀÇ Ä£±¸°¡ °¡³­ÇÑ »ç¶÷À» µ½´Â °Í¿¡ °üÇÑ Á¾±³ÀûÀÎ ±Ý¾ðÀ̳ª öÇÐÀûÀÎ ¿øÄ¢ÀÌ ¾ø´õ¶óµµ °°Àº ÀÏÀ» Çß°Ú´À³Ä°í ¹¯ÀÚ, Hobbes´Â ±×·² °ÍÀ̶ó°í ´ë´äÇß´Ù. ±× ³²ÀÚÀÇ ºñÂüÇÔÀ» º¸¾ÒÀ» ¶§, ±×´Â ½º½º·Î ¾à°£ÀÇ _°íÅë_À» ´À²¼°í, ±×·¡¼­ ±× ³²ÀÚ¿¡°Ô µ·À» ÁÖ´Â °ÍÀº ±× ³²ÀÚÀÇ °íÅë ÀϺθ¦ °æ°¨½ÃÅ°´Â °Íó·³ ±×°ÍÀº ¶ÇÇÑ ¡°³ª¸¦ Æí¾ÈÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù¡±¶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ ±×ÀÇ ¼³¸íÀ̾ú´Ù. ÀÌ À̾߱â´Â ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ºñÂüÇÔÀ» °æ°¨½ÃÅ°´Â µ¥ À־ ¿ì¸®´Â ¾à°£ÀÇ ÀÚ±â ÀÌÀÍÀ» ÃëÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ï½ÃÇÑ´Ù. HobbesÀÇ µÚ¸¦ À̾, Çö´ëÀÇ °æÁ¦ ÀÌ·ÐÀÇ ÇÑ ÇÐÆÄ°¡ ÁÖÀåÇϱ⸦, »ç¶÷µéÀº ÀÚ¼±À» º£Çª´Âµ¥ ±× ºÎºÐÀûÀÎ ÀÌÀ¯´Â ±×µéÀÌ ÀÌ·Ó°Ô ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ À§¾ÈÀ̳ª ±×µéÀÇ µ¿Á¤ÀûÀÎ °íÅëÀ» °æ°¨½ÃÅ°´Â µ¥¼­ ¾ò¾îÁö´Â ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ À§¾ÈÀ» »ó»óÇϸ鼭 ±×µéÀÌ ¾ò°Ô µÇ´Â Áñ°Å¿ò ¶§¹®À̶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù. (Çؼ³) °íÅë¹Þ´Â ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀ» µ½´Â ÀÌÀ¯´Â ±× »ç¶÷ÀÇ °íÅëÀ» °æ°¨½ÃÅ°¸é¼­ ¶ÇÇÑ ±× »ç¶÷ÀÇ °íÅëÀ» º¸°í ´À³¤ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °íÅëÀ» °æ°¨½ÃÅ°±â ¶§¹®À̶ó´Â ³»¿ëÀÇ ±ÛÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ºóÄ­ (A)¿¡´Â ¡®pain(°íÅë)¡¯ÀÌ, (B)¿¡´Â ¡®pleasure(Áñ°Å¿ò)¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (±¸¹®) 40ÂÊ (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * philosopher: öÇÐÀÚ * come upon: ¿ì¿¬È÷ ¸¸³ª´Ù * generous: °ü´ëÇÑ * dictum: ±Ý¾ð * principle: ¿øÄ¢ * relieve: °æ°¨ÇÏ´Ù * give to charities: ÀÚ¼±À» º£Ç®´Ù 23. Çؼ®: žçÀÌ ±× ÇÙÀÌ ¼öÃàÇÏ°í °¡¿­µÇ¸é¼­ ¼­¼­È÷ ´õ ¹à¾ÆÁö°í ÀÖ´Ù. 10¾ï ³â ÈÄ¿¡´Â žçÀÌ ¿À´Ãº¸´Ù ¾à 10ÆÛ¼¾Æ® ´õ ¹à¾ÆÁ®¼­ ºÒÆíÇÒ Á¤µµ±îÁö Áö±¸¸¦ °¡¿­ÇÏ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ´ë¾çÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ Áõ¹ßÇÏ´Â ¹°Àº Áö±¸¸¦ ½ÀÇÑ ÇüÅÂÀÇ ±Ý¼ºÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²Ù°Ô µÇ´Â ÅëÁ¦ ºÒ´ÉÀÇ ¿Â½Ç È¿°ú¸¦ À¯¹ßÇÏ¿©, (Áö±¸°¡) µÎ²¨¿î Èò ±¸¸§ ¸·¿¡ ¿µ¿øÈ÷ µÑ·¯½Î¿© ÀÖ°Ô ÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ȤÀº °¥¼ö·Ï ´õ ¹«´õ¿öÁö´Â ±¸¸§ ³¤ ´ë±â°¡ Çѵ¿¾ÈÀº ¹Ì»ý¹° »ý¸íü¸¦ º¸È£ÇØ ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ±× º¯È­°¡ ¾î´À Á¤µµ ½Ã°£ÀÌ °É¸®°í ´ú ½ÉÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ¾î´À ÂÊÀÌ µÇ¾úµçÁö, ¹°Àº ¼ºÃþ±Ç ¼ÓÀ¸·Î ´Þ¾Æ³ª Àڿܼ±¿¡ ÀÇÇØ »ê¼Ò¿Í ¼ö¼Ò·Î ºÐÇØµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. »ê¼Ò´Â ¼ºÃþ±Ç¿¡ ³²¾Æ¼­ ¾î¼¸é ¿Ü°èÀεéÀÌ Áö±¸¿¡ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ »ý¸íü°¡ »ì°í ÀÖ´Ù°í Âø°¢À» ÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé ¼öµµ ÀÖÁö¸¸, ¼ö¼Ò´Â °¡º­¿ö¼­ ¿ìÁÖ °ø°£À¸·Î ´Þ¾Æ³ª°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¹°Àº Á¡Â÷ _»õ¾î ¾ø¾îÁö°Ô_ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) žçÀÌ Á¡Á¡ ´õ ¶ß°Å¿öÁö¸é¼­ ´ë¾çÀÇ ¹°ÀÌ ´ë±â ¼ÓÀ¸·Î »ç¶óÁ® °£´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀ̹ǷÎ, ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨ç ¡®leak away(»õ¾î ¾ø¾îÁö°Ô)¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) Water evaporating from the oceans may set off a runaway greenhouse effect that turns Earth into a damp version of Venus, _wrapped_ permanently in a thick, white blanket of cloud.: °ú°ÅºÐ»ç ÇüÅ·Π¾²ÀÎ wrapped´Â ºÐ»ç±¸¹®À» À¯µµÇÏ°í Àִµ¥, ¾Õ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Earth¸¦ Àǹ̻óÀÇ ÁÖ¾î·Î »ï°í ÀÖ´Ù. Earth°¡ µ¿»ç wrapÀÇ ´ë»óÀÌ µÇ¹Ç·Î ¼öµ¿ÀÇ ¶æÀ» Ç¥ÇöÇÏ´Â °ú°ÅºÐ»ç¸¦ ¾²°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * core: ÇÙ, Á߽ɺΠ* contract: ¼öÃàÇÏ´Ù * degree: Á¤µµ * evaporate: Áõ¹ßÇÏ´Ù * runaway: ÅëÁ¦ ºÒ´ÉÀÇ * damp: ½ÀÇÑ, ÃàÃàÇÑ * permanently: ¿µ±¸ÀûÀ¸·Î * blanket: ¸·, ´ã¿ä * transformation: º¯È­, º¯Çü * shelter: º¸È£ÇÏ´Ù * break down: ºÐÇØÇÏ´Ù, ºÎ¼ö´Ù 24. Çؼ®: Àýº® ¾Æ·¡¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Çغ¯¿¡¼­ ³î°í ÀÖ´Â ÇÑ ¾ÆÀ̸¦ »ó»óÇØ º¸¶ó. ±× ¾ÆÀÌ´Â µ¿±¼ Çϳª¸¦ ¹ß°ßÇÏ°í ÀÜ¶à µé¶á ¸¶À½À¸·Î ¾ÈÀ¸·Î µé¾î°£´Ù. °©ÀÚ±â ±× ¾ÆÀÌ´Â °øÆ÷°¨¿¡ »ç·ÎÀâÈù´Ù. µ¿±¼ÀÇ ±íÀº ¾îµÒ ¼Ó¿¡¼­ ±× ¾ÆÀÌ´Â ¾Õ¿¡ ³õÀÎ ±æÀ» º¼ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ±×¸¦ µÎ·Æ°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾ÏÈæÀÇ ¸Õ °÷±îÁö »¸¾î ÀÖ´Â ¹ÌÁöÀÇ °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´À³¦ÀÌ´Ù. (¿ì¸®ÀÇ) °ÆÁ¤µµ ÀÌ¿Í °°À» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ºÒ¾È°¨Àº ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀÎ ¾î¶² °Í¿¡ °üÇÑ °ÍÀ̶ó±âº¸´Ù´Â ¹ÌÁöÀÇ ºÒÈ®½ÇÇÑ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ º¸ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â »óÅ·Π¸Ö¸® ¾Õ¿¡ ÀÖÀ»Áöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù´Â ´À³¦°ú ´õ °ü·ÃÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ÀÌ·± °ÆÁ¤µéÀÌ ÀÚ¶óÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï ¸·À» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. °­·ÂÇÑ È¶ºÒÀ̳ª ¼ÕÀüµîÀÌ ±× ¾ÆÀÌ¿¡°Ô µ¿±¼ÀÇ ÇѰ踦 º¸¿© ÁÖ¾úÀ» ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ¡°ÀϾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÃÖ¾ÇÀÇ °ÍÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡?¡±¶ó°í Áú¹®ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á _¿ì¸®ÀÇ °ÆÁ¤¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÇÑ°è¼±À» ¼³Á¤ÇÒ_ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÚÁÖ, ¿ì¸®°¡ µÎ·Á¿öÇÏ´Â ÃÖ¾ÇÀÇ °ÍÀº ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Èñ¹ÌÇÏ°í ºÒºÐ¸íÇÑ µÎ·Á¿òº¸´Ù ÈξÀ ´ú ²ûÂïÇÏ´Ù. ¿ì¸®°¡ ÃÖ¾ÇÀÇ °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÇ¸é ¿ì¸®´Â ±×°Í¿¡ Á÷Á¢ ¸Â¼­ ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ ÀÏÀ» ´õ ºÐº° ÀÖ°Ô ÇØ ³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¡°ÀϾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÃÖ¾ÇÀÇ °ÍÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡?¡±¶ó´Â Áú¹®ÀÌ ¹Ù·Î ¿ì¸®°¡ ÇÏ´Â °ÆÁ¤¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÇÑ°è¼±À» ¼³Á¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̹ǷΠºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨é ¡®place limits on our worries(¿ì¸®ÀÇ °ÆÁ¤¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÇÑ°è¼±À» ¼³Á¤ÇÒ)¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ç ¿ì¸®ÀÇ µÎ·Á¿òÀ» ¼û±æ ¨è ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ºÒÈ®½Ç¼ºÀ» Áõ°¡½Ãų ¨ê ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀÎ °ÆÁ¤°Å¸®¸¦ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé°ú °øÀ¯ÇÒ (±¸¹®) Our anxiety is _not_ about something specific, _but_ more of a sense _tha_ unknown and uncertain possibilities may be out of sight far ahead.: ¡®A°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó BÀÌ´Ù¡¯´Â ¶æÀÇ 'not A, but B' ±¸¹®ÀÌ ¾²¿´´Ù. that ¡¦ far ahead´Â a sense¿Í ÀÇ¹Ì»ó µ¿°ÝÀÎ ¸í»çÀýÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * cliff: Àýº® * seize: »ç·ÎÀâ´Ù * specific: ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀÎ * out of sight: ´«¿¡ º¸ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â * torch: ȶºÒ * vague: Èñ¹ÌÇÑ * unarticulated: ºÒºÐ¸íÇÑ * sensibly: ºÐº° ÀÖ°Ô 25. Çؼ®: ÇÑ »ç¶÷À» Æò°¡ÇÏ´Â µ¥ À־ °¡Àå Å« ½Ç¼ö´Â ±× »ç¶÷ÀÇ ºÎ¸ð¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö´Âµ¥, ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ »ç½ÇÀ̱ä ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±×°ÍÀ» ¾î¶»°Ô ¼³¸íÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î? ºÎ¸ð´Â Àڳ࿡ ´ëÇؼ­ ³Ê¹« ¸¹Àº °æÇèÀÌ Àִ°¡ ±×¸®°í ºÎ¸ð´Â ´õ ÀÌ»ó ±×°ÍÀ» Çϳª·Î ÅëÇÕÇؼ­ ±¸¼ºÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â°¡? ¿ì¸®´Â ³¸¼± ¶¥¿¡¼­ ¿©ÇàÀ» ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×°÷ ÁÖ¹ÎÀÇ º¸ÆíÀûÀÌ°í µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ Æ¯¼ºÀ» ±×µéÀÌ ¸Ó¹«´Â ±â°£ÀÇ Ãʱ⿡¸¸ Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ÆľÇÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» º¸°Ô µÇ´Âµ¥, ±×µéÀÌ ÇÑ Áֹε鿡 ´ëÇØ ´õ ¸¹ÀÌ ¾Ë°Ô µÇ¸é µÉ¼ö·Ï ±×µéÀº ±× ÁֹεéÀÇ ÀüÇüÀûÀÌ°í µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ °ÍÀ» º¸°Ô µÇ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ´õ ¸¹ÀÌ Àؾî¹ö¸®°Ô µÈ´Ù. °¡±îÀÌ ´Ù°¡°¡¼­ º¸°Ô µÇ´Â ¼ø°£ ±×µéÀº ¸Ö¸®¼­ Á¶¸ÁÇÏ´Â ½Ã°¢À» ÀÒ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ¾ÆÀ̵é·ÎºÎÅÍ ÇÑ ¹øµµ ÃæºÐÈ÷ ¸Ö¸® ¶³¾îÁ® º» ÀûÀÌ ¾ø±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ºÎ¸ðµéÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¾ÆÀ̵éÀ» À߸ø Æò°¡ÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Â °ÍÀϱî? »ó´çÈ÷ ´Ù¸¥ ¼³¸íÀÌ ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ °ÍÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀε¥, »ç¶÷µéÀº Àڽŵ鿡°Ô °¡Àå °¡±îÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °Í¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â »ý°¢Çϱ⸦ ¸ØÃß°í ±×°ÍµéÀ» ±×³É ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌ´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ºÎ¸ðµéÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÚ³àµé¿¡ ´ëÇØ Æò°¡ÇØ º¸µµ·Ï ¿ä±¸ ¹ÞÀ» ¶§ ±×µéÀÌ ±×·¸°Ô Ʋ¸®°Ô²û Æò°¡ ÂÊ41ÂÊ Çϵµ·Ï ¸¸µå´Â °ÍÀº ¾î¼¸é ±×µéÀÇ ¸ö¿¡ ¹ê ¹«½ÉÇÔ ¶§¹®ÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¿ì¸®´Â °¡±îÀÌ¿¡¼­ ¿À·¡ Á¢ÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â ½±°Ô ±×µéÀÇ ¸ð½ÀÀ» ±×³É ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌ´Â °æÇâÀÌ À־ ÀüÇüÀûÀÌ°í ƯÀÌÇÑ °ÍÀ» º¸°Ô µÇ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¡®Àؾî¹ö¸®°Ô¡¯ µÇ°í, ºÎ¸ð°¡ ÀڽĿ¡ ´ëÇؼ­ À߸øµÈ ÆÇ´ÜÀ» Çϱ⠽¬¿î °Íµµ ÀÚ½ÄÀÌ ´Ã °ç¿¡ ÀÖ¾î ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ±×³É ±×´ë·Î ¡®¹Þ¾ÆµéÀ̱⡯ ¶§¹®À̶ó´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ºóÄ­ (A)¿¡´Â ¡®forget¡¯ÀÌ (B)¿¡´Â ¡®accept¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (±¸¹®) * ¡¦ _the more_ they get to know a people, _the more_ they forget how to see _what_ is typical and distinctive about _it_.: ¡®~Çϸé ÇÒ¼ö·Ï, ´õ¿í ¡¦ÇÏ´Ù¡¯¶ó´Â ÀǹÌÀÇ 'the + ºñ±³±Þ (^26^ ÁÖ¾î + µ¿»ç), the + ºñ±³±Þ(^26^ ÁÖ¾î + µ¿»ç)' ±¸¹®ÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. whatÀº ¼±Çà»ç¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â °ü°è´ë¸í»çÀÌ°í, ¸¶Áö¸·ÀÇ itÀº a peopleÀ» °¡¸®Å²´Ù. * When parents are required to judge their children, _it is_ perhaps their customary thoughtlessness _that makes_ them _judge_ so mistakenly.: 'it is ¡¦ that ¡¦' °­Á¶±¸¹®ÀÌ ¾²¿´´Ù. Áï, ¿ø·¡ perhaps their customary thoughtlessness _makes_ them _judge_ so mistakenly¶ó´Â ¹®Àå¿¡¼­ perhaps their customary thoughtlessness¸¦ °­Á¶Çϱâ À§ÇØ 'it is ¡¦ that ¡¦' °­Á¶±¸¹®ÀÌ ¾²¿´´Ù. ¶Ç, makes°¡ »ç¿ªµ¿»çÀ̹ǷΠ¸ñÀû°Ýº¸¾î·Î ¿øÇüºÎÁ¤»çÀÎ judge°¡ ¿Ô´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * notice: º¸´Ù, ¾Ë¾Æä´Ù, ÁÖÀÇÇÏ´Ù * grasp: ÀÌÇØÇÏ´Ù, ¿òÄÑÀâ´Ù * distinctive: µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ, ±¸º°µÇ´Â * trait: Ư¼º, ±â»ö, Àλó, ÇüÁú * up close: ¹Ù·Î °¡±îÀ̼­, ¹Ù½Ï ´Ù°¡¿Í * farsighted: ¸Õ µ¥¸¦ Àß º¸´Â, ¼±°ßÁö¸íÀÌ ÀÖ´Â * thoughtlessness: ¹«½ÉÇÔ 26. Çؼ®: Àú³á½Ä»ç ÈÄ 15ºÐ¿¡¼­ 30ºÐ ÈÄ¿¡ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ¹°Áú´ë»ç¿¡ °­·ÂÇÑ ½ÅÈ£¸¦ º¸³½´Ù. ½Ä»ç ÈÄ¿¡ _È°µ¿ÀûÀÎ_ »óÅ¿¡ ÀÖ°Ô µÇ¸é üÁß °¨·®ÀÇ ÀÌÀÍ°ú ´õºÒ¾î Àú³á ½Ã°£ ³»³» ´õ ¸¹Àº È°·ÂÀ» ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Áغñ¸¦ °®Ãß°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸¹Àº °¡´ÉÇÑ È°µ¿ Áß¿¡¼­ °È±â°¡ ½ÄÈÄ¿¡ ¸î ºÐ°£ ¿îµ¿ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °¡Àå ¼Õ½¬¿î ¹æ¹ý Áß ÇϳªÀÌ´Ù. »ç½Ç, ¿¬±¸¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¸é ½ÄÈÄ¿¡ °ÉÀ¸¸é ¶È°°Àº ½Ã°£, °Å¸®, °­µµ¸¦ ºó¼ÓÀ¸·Î °ÉÀ» ¶§º¸´Ù 15%³ª ´õ ¸¹Àº Ä®·Î¸®¸¦ ¼Ò¸ðÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ºóÄ­ÀÇ µÚ¿¡ È°µ¿ÀûÀÎ ¿îµ¿ ÁßÀÇ ÇÑ ¿¹·Î °È±â°¡ ¼Ò°³ µÇ°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨ç ¡®active(È°µ¿ÀûÀÎ)¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) _What_ you do in the 15 to 30 minutes after eating your evening meal _sends_ powerful signals to your metabolism.: °ü°è´ë¸í»ç WhatÀÌ À̲ô´Â ¸í»çÀýÀÌ ¹®ÀåÀÇ ÁÖ¾î·Î ¾²¿´°í ¸í»çÀý ÁÖ¾î´Â ´Ü¼ö Ãë±ÞÇϹǷΠµ¿»ç¸¦ ´Ü¼öÇüÀÎ sends·Î ¾²°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * metabolism: ¹°Áú´ë»ç * set the stage: ÁغñÇÏ´Ù * vigor: È°·Â * intensity: °­µµ, ¼¼±â 27. Çؼ®: »ç½ÇÀº ´©±¸³ª À̾߱⸦ Áö´Ï°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¸®°¡ ¸¸³ª´Â ¸ðµç »ç¶÷Àº ¿ì¸®°¡ ¿ì¸® ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »îÀÇ À̾߱⸦ »ç´Â µ¿¾È ¾î¶² ¸é¿¡¼±°¡ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô Á¤º¸¸¦ Á¦°øÇØÁÖ°í µµ¿òÀ» ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â À̾߱⸦ Áö´Ï°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ì¸®°¡ ÀÌ »ç½ÇÀ» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ°í ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀ» _¼ÒÁßÇÑ Á¤º¸ÀÇ ÀáÀçÀû ¿øõ_À¸·Î ¹Ù¶óº¸±â ½ÃÀÛÇÏ°Ô µÉ ¶§, ¿ì¸®´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »î¿¡ ÀÖ´Â »õ·Î¿î °¡´É¼ºµé¿¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀ» Ȱ¦ ¿­¾î³õ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ½ÇÀº, ¿ì¸®¿Í °¡Àå ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¾Æ¸¶µµ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô °¡¸£Ä¥ °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ¸¹´Ù. ¿ì¸®¿Í ¶È°°°í, ¿ì¸®¿Í ¶È°°Àº °ßÇظ¦ Áö´Ï°í, ¶È°°Àº °¡Ä¡¸¦ °øÀ¯ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µé·Î ¿ì¸® ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ¿¡¿ö½Î¸é ½Ò¼ö·Ï ¿ì¸®´Â Àΰ£À¸·Î¼­ ¼ºÀåÇϱ⺸´Ù´Â ¼öÃàµÉ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ´õ¿í ´õ Ä¿Áö°Ô µÈ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¿ì¸®°¡ ¸¸³ª´Â ¸ðµç »ç¶÷ÀÇ »îÀÇ À̾߱Ⱑ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô µµ¿òÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, ƯÈ÷ ¿ì¸®¿Í °ßÇسª °¡Ä¡°üÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ÅëÇؼ­ ´õ ¸¹Àº °ÍÀ» ¹è¿ï ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ ±ÛÀÇ ÇÙ½É ³»¿ëÀ̹ǷÎ, ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨é ¡®potential sources of valuable information(¼ÒÁßÇÑ Á¤º¸ÀÇ ÀáÀçÀû ¿øõ)¡¯ÀÌ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ç ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ´ëÇ×ÇÏ¿© °æÀïÇÏ´Â ´ëÇ×ÀÚ ¨è ¼øÀÀÀ» À§ÇÑ ¹ÏÀ½Á÷ÇÑ Áöħ ¨ê µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ÀÌÀÍ Áý´ÜÀÇ ±¸¼º¿ø (±¸¹®) ~, we _open ourselves up_ to new possibilities in our lives.: µ¿»ç¿Í ºÎ»ç·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø À̾»çÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î·Î Àç±Í´ë¸í»çÀÇ ÇüÅ°¡ À§Ä¡ÇÑ ±¸¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌó·³ À̾»çÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î·Î ´ë¸í»ç°¡ ¿Ã °æ¿ì¿¡´Â 'µ¿»ç£«¸ñÀû¾î£«ºÎ»ç'ÀÇ ¾î¼øÀ» ÃëÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * inform: ¾Ë·ÁÁÖ´Ù * acknowledge: ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ´Ù, ½ÂÀÎÇÏ´Ù * surround ¿¡¿ö½Î´Ù, µÑ·¯½Î´Ù * likelihood: °¡´É¼º * shrink: ¿À±×¶óµé´Ù, ¼öÃàÇÏ´Ù 42ÂÊ ºñ¿ÁÇÔÀÌ ÁÙ¾îµé°í ³óÀÛ¹°ÀÇ »êÃâÀÌ °¨¼ÒÇÑ µ¥ ÀÖ´Ù. ·Î¸¶ÀÇ Áö¹è°¡ ½ÃÀÛµÉ ¶§ ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ´Â ½£ÀÌ »ª»ªÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ·Î¸¶ÀÇ ÅëÄ¡ ¸»±â¿¡´Â, ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ¸¦ µ¤°í ÀÖ´ø »ê¸²ÀÌ ¹úäµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¸ñÀç°¡ ÀÏ¹Ý ½ÃÀå¿¡¼­ ÆǸŵǾú°í, (»ê¸²ÀÌ ¹úäµÈ) ±× ¶¥Àº ³ó°æÁö¿Í ¸ñÃÊÁö·Î ¹Ù²î¾ú´Ù. °³°£µÈ Åä¾çÀº ¹Ì³×¶ö°ú ¿µ¾çºÐÀÌ Ç³ºÎÇÏ¿´°í »ó´çÇÑ ¾çÀÇ ³óÀÛ¹°À» »êÃâÇÏ¿´´Ù. À¯°¨½º·´°Ôµµ, »ê¸² ¹úä´Â Åä¾çÀÌ °ÅÄ£ ³¯¾¾¿¡ ³ëÃâµÇ°Ô Çß´Ù. ¹Ù¶÷ÀÌ ¸Þ¸¶¸¥ dz°æÀ» °¡·ÎÁú·¯ ºÒ¾ú°í, ¹°Àº »ê²À´ë±â¿Í »êºñÅ»·ÎºÎÅÍ Èê·¯³»¸®¸ç ÈëÀ» ¾µ¾î°¡ ¹ö·È´Ù. °¡ÃàÀ» Áö³ªÄ¡°Ô ¹æ¸ñÇÑ °á°ú ÅäÁú ¾ÇÈ­°¡ ´õ ½ÉÈ­µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±× °á°ú, ·Î¸¶ÀÇ ³ó¾÷ »ý»êÀº ·Î¸¶ÀÇ »çȸ ±â¹Ý°ú ½Ã¹ÎµéÀÇ º¹Áö¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÒ ¸¸Å­ ÃæºÐÇÑ ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ Á¦°øÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù. (Çؼ³) ·Î¸¶ ÅëÄ¡ ¸»±â¿¡´Â »ê¸² ¹úä·Î Åä¾çÀÌ ¼Ò½ÇµÇ°í Áö³ªÄ£ ¹æ¸ñÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ÅäÁú ¾ÇÈ­°¡ ´õ ½ÉÈ­µÇ¾î, ³ó¾÷ »ý»êÀÌ ·Î¸¶¿¡ ÃæºÐÇÑ ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ Á¦°øÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÇ ±ÛÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨ë ¡®agricultural production(³ó¾÷ »ý»ê)¡¯ÀÌ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) By the end of the Roman Imperium, however, Italy _had been stripped_ of forest cover.: ¸»ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ½ÃÁ¡(By the end of the Roman Imperium)ÀÌ °ú°ÅÀÌ°í ±× ÀÌÀü¿¡ ÀϾ ÀÏÀ» Ç¥ÇöÇϱâ À§ÇØ °ú°Å¿Ï·á ½ÃÁ¦¸¦ ¾²°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * numerous: ¼ö¸¹Àº * explanation: ¼³¸í * fall: ¸ô¶ô, ¸ê¸Á * fertility: ºñ¿Á, ±â¸§Áü * yield: »êÃâ, ¼öÈ®·® * imperium: ÁÖ±Ç, ÅëÄ¡±Ç * strip: ¹þ±â´Ù * convert: ¹Ù²î´Ù * pastureland: ¸ñÀå, ¸ñÃÊÁö * clear: (ÅäÁö µûÀ§¸¦) °³°£ÇÏ´Ù * deforestation: »ê¸²¹úä * barren: (¶¥ÀÌ) ¸Þ¸¶¸¥ * deterioration: (Áú, °¡Ä¡) ÀúÇÏ * infrastructure: ±â¹Ý ±¸Á¶ 29. Çؼ®: µÎ °³ÀÇ »çȸÀû ¸Æ¶ô¿¡¼­ Ç¥ÇöµÈ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ³»¿ëÀÇ ÁÖÀåÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ (ÁÖÀåÀ») ¼ö½Ä¾î¸¦ °¡Áú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Ä£±¸µé »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ ¸»À» ÇÒ ¶§, ´ç½ÅÀº ¡°Luc^4,15^°¡ ¼¼°è ÃÖ°íÀÇ ½Ä´çÀ̾ß.¡±¶ó°í ¸»ÇÒÁöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù. ÇÁ¶û½º ¿ä¸®»ç Áý´Ü¿¡ ¸»ÇÒ ¶§, ´ç½ÅÀº ¡°Luc^4,15^°¡ ÇÁ¶û½º¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ÁÁÀº ¸î¸î ½Ä´çµé¿¡ °ßÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ½Ä´çÀ̾ß.¡±¶ó°í ¸»ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÏ°Ô µÉÁöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù. ¿Ö ´ç½ÅÀº ±×°ÍÀ» ´Ù¸£°Ô ¸»Çߴ°¡? ¾Æ¸¶ ´ç½ÅÀÌ ±× µÎ Áý´Ü¿¡¼­ ´Ù¸¥ Á¤µµÀÇ ºñÆÇÀûÀÎ ¸é¹ÐÇÑ °ËÅ並 ±â´ëÇ߱⠶§¹®ÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¾î¼¸é ´ç½ÅÀÇ _ÁÖÀå¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Àڽۨ_ÀÌ Ä£±¸µé¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â ÃæºÐÈ÷ °­ÇÏÁö¸¸, °¡Àå ½Ä°ßÀÌ ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µé »çÀÌ¿¡¼­´Â ±×·¸°Ô °­ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò±â ¶§¹®ÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. °¢°¢ÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡, ´ç½ÅÀº Á¦ÇÑÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ¹üÀ§±îÁö ÁÖÀåÀ» µå·¯³Â´Âµ¥, ±× ÁÖÀå¿¡ ´ëÇØ ±â²¨ÀÌ Ã¥ÀÓÁú ¹üÀ§¸¦ Á¦ÇÑÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ½º½º·Î¸¦ º¸È£Çϱâ À§Çؼ­ÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) Ä£±¸µé¿¡°Ô ¸»ÇÒ ¶§º¸´Ù Àü¹®°¡µé¿¡°Ô ¸»ÇÒ ¶§ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ³»¿ëÀÇ ÁÖÀåÀ̶ó ÇÒÁö¶óµµ ´õ ¾àÇÏ°Ô Ç¥ÇöÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Âµ¥, ±× ÀÌÀ¯´Â ÀڽŠÀÖ°Ô Ã¥ÀÓÁú ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹üÀ§ ³»·Î ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÁÖÀåÀÇ ¹üÀ§¸¦ ÇÑÁ¤ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ÀÚ½ÅÀ» º¸È£ÇÏ·Á Çϱ⠶§¹®À̶ó´Â ³»¿ëÀÇ ±ÛÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­, ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨è ¡®confidence in the claim(ÁÖÀå¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Àڽۨ)¡¯ÀÌ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ç ¿ìÁ¤À» ÀïÃëÇÏ·Á´Â ¿å¸Á ¨é ÇÁ¶û½º ¿ä¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±âÈ£ ¨ê ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÀÇ°ß¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áö¿ø (±¸¹®) In each instance, you communicated the extent _to which_ you wanted to qualify your claim, to guard yourself by restricting the extent _to which_ you are willing to be held accountable for the claim.: 'ÀüÄ¡»ç£«°ü°è´ë¸í»ç'ÀÇ ÇüÅ·Π¾²ÀÎ µÎ °³ÀÇ to which´Â ¸ðµÎ ¾Õ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â the extent¸¦ ¼±Çà»ç·Î »ï¾Æ À̸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â Çü¿ë»çÀýÀ» À̲ø°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * identical: µ¿ÀÏÇÑ, ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Â * context: ¹®¸Æ, »óȲ * chef: ¿ä¸®»ç * comparable: ÇÊÀûÇÏ´Â * scrutiny: (¸é¹ÐÇÑ) Á¶»ç * knowledgeable: ½Ä°ßÀÌ ÀÖ´Â * qualify: (Ç¥Çö µîÀ») ÇÑÁ¤(Á¦ÇÑ)ÇÏ´Ù, ¿ÏÈ­½ÃÅ°´Ù 30. Çؼ®: °úÇÐÀº ¹Ì·¡¸¦ ¸¸µé°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¿©·¯ ±¹°¡µéÀÌ ¹Ì·¡ÀÇ °úÇÐÀÚµéÀ» ¾ç¼ºÇÏ´À¶ó ºÐÁÖÇÏ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÅõÀÚ¸¦ ÅëÇØ ³ª¿À´Â °úÇÐÀÌ ´õ ¸¹À¸¸é ¸¹À»¼ö·Ï ¿ì¸®°¡ ÃæºÐÈ÷ ÀÌÇØÇϸ鼭 °úÇÐÀÇ ÇÙ½ÉÀ» µû¶ó¾ß ÇÒ Çʿ伺Àº ´õ¿í ´õ Ä¿Áø´Ù. ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çؼ­, ¿ì¸® ÀϹÝÀεéÀÌ °úÇаú º¸Á¶¸¦ ¸ÂÃß¾î ³ª°¡·Á¸é, ¿ì¸®´Â º¸´Ù ¸¹Àº °úÇÐ ÀÛ°¡µé°ú ¸í·áÇÏ°í, ½½±â·Î¿ì¸ç ¼³µæ·ÂÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ±×¸®°í ÀÐÈú ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Â ´õ ¸¹Àº °úÇÐ °ü·Ã ±Û ÀÛÇ°ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. »ç¶÷µéÀº °úÇÐÀÚµéÀÌ ÇÏ´Â ÀÏÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÏ´Â µ¥´Â ³ôÀº ÇÐÀ§°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù°í ±»°Ô ¹Ï°í¼­´Â Á¾Á¾ °úÇп¡¼­ ¹èÁ¦µÈ ´À³¦À» °®´Â´Ù. ±× °á°ú, ±×µéÀº ¹æ¾îÀûÀ¸·Î (°úÇаú °ü·ÃµÈ) ±× ¸ðµç ÀÏÀ» ±×µéÀÇ »î°ú´Â °ÅÀÇ °ü·ÃÀÌ ¾ø´Â ¹èŸÀû ¿µ¿ªÀ¸·Î °£ÁÖÇÏ¿© ¹«½ÃÇعö¸°´Ù. °úÇÐ ¹®¸Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °¡Àå È®½ÇÇÑ Ä¡·á¹ý ÁßÀÇ Çϳª´Â ¾ÆÁÖ ÁÁÀº °úÇй®Çå, Áï ±â¼úÀûÀÎ ¿ë¾îµéÀ» ½¬¿î ¿µ¾î·Î ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ¹ø¿ªÇϰųª º¹ÀâÇÑ °³³äÀ» °£´ÜÈ÷ ¼³¸íÇÏ´Â µ¥¸¸ ±×Ä¡Áö ¾Ê´Â ±ÛÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) °úÇп¡ ´ëÇØ °ü½ÉÀÌ Àû°í °úÇÐÀû Áö½ÄÀÌ ¾ø´Â »óŸ¦ ¾ø¾Ö±â À§ÇÑ Ä¡·á¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼³¸íÀ̹ǷÎ, ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨é ¡®illiteracy(¹®¸Í)¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) In other words, if we the ordinary people _are to keep_ pace with science, we need more science writers, and more science writing _that_ is clear, wise and eloquent, and _that_ demands to be read.: 'be£«toºÎÁ¤»ç'´Â ¡®~À» ÇÏ·Á ÇÏ´Ù¡¯ÀÇ Àǹ̷Π¿©±â¼­´Â ¡®°úÇаú º¸Á¶¸¦ ¸ÂÃß·Á ÇÏ´Ù¡¯·Î Çؼ®ÇÑ´Ù. that is ~¿Í that demands ~´Â ¸ðµÎ ¾Õ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â more science writingÀ» ¼±Çà»ç·Î ÃëÇÏ´Â °ü°è´ë¸í»çÀýÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * gist: ¿äÁ¡, ¿äÁö, ±Ùº» * sufficient: ÃæºÐÇÑ * keep pace with: ~¿Í º¸Á¶¸¦ ¸ÂÃß´Ù * eloquent: ´Éº¯ÀÎ, ¼³µæ·Â ÀÖ´Â * exclude: Á¦¿ÜÇÏ´Ù, ¹èÁ¦ÇÏ´Ù * defensively: ¹æ¾îÀûÀ¸·Î, º¯·ÐÇϵí * shrug off: ¹«½ÃÇÏ´Ù, °ú¼ÒÆò°¡ÇÏ´Ù * exclusive: ¹èŸÀûÀÎ * realm: ¹üÀ§, ¿µ¿ª, ºÎ¹® * relevance: °ü·Ã, ÀûÀý * term: ¿ë¾î * plain: ½¬¿î, ÆòÀÌÇÑ * complicated: º¹ÀâÇÑ, ³­ÇØÇÑ 31. Çؼ®: ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ ¿¬·É Áý´ÜÀÇ ¼ÒºñÀÚµéÀº ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ¾ÆÁÖ ´Ù¸¥ ÇÊ¿ä¿Í ¿å±¸¸¦ Áö´Ï°í ÀÖ´Ù. ºñ·Ï µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ¿¬·É Áý´Ü¿¡ ¼ÓÇØ ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ´Ù¸¥ Ãø¸é¿¡¼­ Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ÀÖ±ä ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±×µéÀº Æò»ý µ¿¾È ÀڽŵéÀÌ Áö´Ï°Ô µÇ´Â ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ °¡Ä¡°ü°ú °øÅëµÈ ¹®È­Àû °æÇèÀ» °øÀ¯ÇÏ´Â °æÇâÀÌ Á¤¸»·Î ÀÖ´Ù. ¾î¶² °æ¿ìµé¿¡ À־ ¸¶ÄÉÆà ´ã´çÀÚµéÀº óÀ½¿¡´Â ÇÑ ¿¬·É Áý´ÜÀ» ²ø¾îµéÀ̱â À§ÇØ ÇÑ °¡Áö Á¦Ç°À» °³¹ßÇÏ°í ±×·± ´ÙÀ½¿¡ _³ªÁß¿¡ °¡¼­_ _±×°ÍÀÇ ¸Å·ÂÀ» ³ÐÈ÷·Á°í_ ³ë·ÂÇÑ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀÌ ¹Ù·Î °­·ÂÇÑ ¿¡³ÊÁö À½·áÀÎ Reddox°¡ ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±× ȸ»ç´Â ±× Á¦Ç°ÀÇ ÇÙ½É ¾ÖÈ£°¡ÀÎ ÀþÀºÀ̵鿡°Ô ¼úÁý°ú ³ªÀÌƮŬ·´ ±×¸®°í üÀ°°ü¿¡¼­ ±× Á¦Ç°À» °ø°ÝÀûÀ¸·Î ¼Ò°³Çß´Ù. ½Ã°£ÀÌ Áö³ª¸é¼­ ±× Á¦Ç°Àº ´Ù¸¥ »óȲ¿¡¼­µµ Àα⸦ ´©¸®°Ô µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ±× ȸ»ç´Â Á¦Ç°ÀÇ ¹üÀ§¸¦ ³ë³â °ñÆ۵鿡°Ô±îÁö È®ÀåÇϱâ À§ÇØ PGA European Tourµµ ÈÄ¿øÇϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ±× ȸ»ç´Â ¶ÇÇÑ ±æ¿¡¼­ ¸¼Àº Á¤½Å »óŸ¦ À¯ÁöÇÏ°Ô ÇØÁÖ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ̶ó°í È«º¸Çϱâ À§ÇØ Åë±ÙÀÚµé°ú Åýà ¿îÀü¼öµé ±×¸®°í ·»ÅÍÄ« ´ë¸®Á¡µé¿¡°Ô ¹«·á ĵ À½·á¸¦ ³ª´©¾îÁØ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ºóÄ­ µÚ¿¡´Â Reddox¶ó´Â À½·á°¡ óÀ½¿¡´Â ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ÇÑ Áý´ÜÀ» ¸ñÇ¥·Î °³¹ßµÇ¾ú´Ù°¡ ±× ¼ÒºñÀÇ Àúº¯À» Á¡Á¡ È®´ëÇØ ³ª°¡´Â °úÁ¤¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­ ±â¼úÇÏ´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ ³ª¿À¹Ç·Î, ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨è ¡®broaden its appeal later on(³ªÁß¿¡ °¡¼­ ±×°ÍÀÇ ¸Å·ÂÀ» ³ÐÈ÷·Á°í)¡¯ÀÌ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ç ±×°ÍÀÇ ¼Ò¸Å °¡°ÝÀ» ÀλóÇÏ·Á°í ¨é ´Ù¸¥ ¿¬·ÉÃþÀ» À§Çؼ­ ±×°Í(ÀÇ Ç°Áú)À» ÇÑ ´Ü°è ³ôÀÌ·Á°í ¨ê °ø±ÞÀ» Á¦ÇÑÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¼ö¿ä¸¦ ´Ã¸®·Á°í (±¸¹®) Although people _who_ belong to the same age group _differ_ in many other ways, they do tend to share a set of values and common cultural experiences that they carry throughout life.: who ¡¦ groupÀº peopleÀ» ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â °ü°è´ë¸í»çÀýÀ̸ç, ÁÖ¾î people¿¡ À̾îÁö´Â µ¿»ç´Â differÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * marketer: ¸¶ÄÉÆà ´ã´çÀÚ * initially: óÀ½¿¡, ½ÃÀÛºÎÅÍ * aggressively: °ø°ÝÀûÀ¸·Î * bar: ¼úÁý * core: ÇÙ½É, Áß½É, ¾Ë¸ÍÀÌ * audience: ÃßÁ¾ÀÚ, ¾ÖÈ£ÀÚ * context: ȯ°æ, »çÁ¤, ¹è°æ, »óȲ, ¹®¸Æ * hand out: ³ª´² ÁÖ´Ù * commuter: Åë±ÙÀÚ * cab driver: Åýà ¿îÀü¼ö * alert: ±â¹ÎÇÑ, Á¤½ÅÀ» ¹Ù¦ Â÷¸° 32. Çؼ®: Áö¼ÓÀûÀΠŹ¿ù¼º°ú Ãæ°ÝÀûÀΠâÀǼº µÑ ´Ù¸¦ Ãß±¸ÇÏ´Â ¿¹¼ú°¡Ã³·³, ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ±â¾÷Àº Áö¼Ó¼º°ú º¯È­ »çÀÌÀÇ _±äÀå_À» Á¶¼ºÇÑ´Ù. ±×µéÀº ÇÑÆíÀ¸·Î´Â ¾ÖÃÊ¿¡ ¼º°øÀ» °ÅµÑ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´ø ¿øÄ¢µéÀ» °í¼öÇÏÁö¸¸, ´Ù¸¥ ÇÑÆíÀ¸·Î´Â âÀÇÀûÀÎ °³¼±°ú Áö´ÉÀûÀÎ ÀûÀÀÀ¸·Î ÀڽŵéÀÇ Á¢±Ù¹ýÀ» ¼öÁ¤ÇÏ¸ç ²÷ÀÓ¾øÀÌ ÁøÈ­ÇÑ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¿©±â¼­ ¸»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¡°¸î¸î ±â¾÷µéÀº º¯È­ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ½ÇÆÐÇß´Ù¡±¿Í °°ÀÌ ´Ü¼øÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê´Ù. ²÷ÀÓ¾øÀÌ º¯È­ÇÏÁö¸¸ ÀÏ°üµÈ ¿ø¸®°¡ ¾ø´Â ±â¾÷Àº ÀüÇô º¯È­ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ±â¾÷¸¸Å­À̳ª È®½ÇÈ÷ _ºØ±«Çϱâ_ ¸¶·ÃÀÌ´Ù. ƯÁ¤ÇÑ °üÇà°ú Àü·«À» °í¼öÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ º»ÁúÀûÀ¸·Î Ʋ¸° °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ´ç½ÅÀº ±×·¯ÇÑ °üÇà µÚ¿¡ ¼ûÀº ¡°¿Ö¡±¸¦ ÀÌÇØÇØ¾ß ÇÏ°í, ±×·¸°Ô ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¾ðÁ¦ ±×°ÍµéÀ» ÁöÅ°°í ¾ðÁ¦ º¯È­½Ãų °ÍÀÎÁö ¾Ë¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ±â¾÷Àº °ú°Å¿¡ ¼º°øÀ» °ÅµÑ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´ø ¿øÄ¢À» °í¼öÇϸ鼭 µ¿½Ã¿¡ âÀÇÀûÀ¸·Î »õ·Î¿î º¯È­¸¦ ½ÃµµÇÑ´Ù°í ÇÏ¿´À¸¹Ç·Î, Áö¼Ó¼º°ú º¯È­ »çÀÌ¿¡ ¡®±äÀ塯À» Á¶¼ºÇϸç, ¹Ý¸é¿¡ º¯ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°Å³ª º¯Çصµ ÀÏ°üµÈ ¿ø¸®°¡ ¾ø´Â ±â¾÷Àº ºØ±«ÇÑ´Ù°í ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ºóÄ­ (A)¿¡´Â ¡®tension¡¯ÀÌ, (B)¿¡´Â ¡®collapse¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) Companies that change constantly but without any consistent rationale will collapse just as surely as _those that_ change not at all.: ´ë¸í»ç those´Â ¾Õ¼­ ³ª¿Â companies ´ë½Å ¾²¿´´Ù. that ¡¦ allÀº those¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â °ü°è´ë¸í»çÀýÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * pursue: Ãß±¸ÇÏ´Ù * enduring: Áö¼ÓÇÏ´Â, ¿µ¼ÓÀûÀÎ * foster: Á¶ÀåÇÏ´Ù, À°¼ºÇÏ´Ù * adhere: °í¼öÇÏ´Ù, ÁýÂøÇÏ´Ù * evolve: ÁøÈ­ÇÏ´Ù * modify: ¼öÁ¤ÇÏ´Ù * adaptation: ÀûÀÀ * rationale: ¿ø¸®, ÀÌ·ÐÀû ¼³¸í * inherently: º»ÁúÀûÀ¸·Î * practice: °üÇà 44ÂÊ ±×·¨´ø °Íº¸´Ù ÁÖ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÇ °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ ¼¼½ÉÇÔÀÌ ´ú µå·¯³ª Àֱ⠶§¹®À̾ú´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ±×°ÍµéÀº »ó¡ÀûÀÎ ¸é¿¡¼­ Ä£¹ÐÇÔÀÌ ´úÇß´Ù. ÀÌ·± »ó¡ÀûÀÎ °¡Ä¡ÀÇ ¼Õ½ÇÀ» À§ÀåÇÏ°í, ´ë·®»ý»êµÈ ¹°°Çµé¿¡ °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ ¼Õ±æÀÌ µé¾î°£ ´À³¦À» ´õÇϱâ À§ÇØ, ¼Ò¸Å»óµéÀº ¼Õ´Ôµé¿¡°Ô ±¸ÀÔÇÑ ¹°°ÇµéÀ» Æ÷ÀåÇϵµ·Ï ±ÇÇß´Ù. Waits°¡ ¿¹¸®ÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé¾î ³½ ¿ë¾îÀÎ ¼±¹°Æ÷ÀåÀº ¼±¹°¿¡¼­ ¡®»ç°íÆÄ´Â ¹°°ÇµéÀÇ ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ À¯Å롯À̶ó´Â °³³äÀ» ¾ø¾Ö°í ¼±¹°À» °Ý½ÄÀ» °®Ãá ÇѼø°£ µ¿¾È »ó¾÷¼ºº¸´Ù´Â ¿ÀÈ÷·Á _Ä£¹Ð¼º_ÀÇ »ó¡À¸·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁØ ¡®Á¤È­ ÀåÄ¡¡¯°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù. (Çؼ³) ±â°è·Î »ý»êµÇ´Â ¹°°ÇµéÀº ¼±¹°À» ÁÖ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÇ °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ ¼¼½ÉÇÔÀÌ ´ú µå·¯³ª Ä£¹ÐÇÔÀÌ ´úÇÏ´Ù°í ¸»Çϸç, ÀÌ°ÍÀ» À§ÀåÇÏ°í °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ ¼Õ±æÀÌ µé¾î°£ ´À³¦À» ´õÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¼Õ´Ôµé¿¡°Ô ¼±¹° Æ÷ÀåÀ» ±ÇÇÑ´Ù°í ÇßÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î ¨ç ¡®intimacy(Ä£¹Ð¼º)¡¯°¡ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) Gift-wrapping, in Waits's acute term, became a ¡®decontaminating mechanism¡¯ _that removed_ the presents from the ¡®normal flow of bought-and-sold goods¡¯ and _made_ them, for a single ceremonial moment, emblems of intimacy rather than commerce.: a ¡®decontaminating mechanism¡¯À» ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â ÁÖ°Ý °ü°è´ë¸í»ç that µÚ¿¡ µ¿»ç removed¿Í made°¡ º´·Ä ±¸Á¶·Î ¿¬°áµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * give way to: ~¿¡°Ô ¾çº¸ÇÏ´Ù, ²ªÀÌ´Ù * manufacturer: Á¦Á¶¾÷ÀÚ, »ý»êÀÚ * precisely: ¾ö¹ÐÈ÷ * intimate: Ä£¹ÐÇÑ * disguise: À§ÀåÇÏ´Ù * invest: Áö´Ï°Ô ÇÏ´Ù, ºÎ¿©ÇÏ´Ù(with) * retailer: ¼Ò¸Å»ó * decontaminate: ¿À¿°À» Á¦°ÅÇÏ´Ù, Á¤È­ÇÏ´Ù 34. Çؼ®: ¾î¶² »ç¶÷µéÀº ¹Ù»Úµç ¹Ù»ÚÁö ¾ÊµçÁö °£¿¡ ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ´Ê´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ´Ê´Â °ÍÀ» ¾ø¾Ö±â À§Çؼ­ ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀº ¸ðµç »óȲ¿¡¼­ ½Ã°£À» ÁöÅ°´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾î¶² ´Ù¸¥ °í·Á ´ë»óº¸´Ùµµ ÃÖ¿ì¼±ÀÏ °ÍÀ̶ó°í °áÁ¤ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á µ¿±â¸¦ ¹Ù²Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. §! ´ç½ÅÀº ÀÌÁ¦ Àý´ë ºñÇà±â¸¦ Ÿ±â À§ÇØ ¶Ù¾î°¡°Å³ª ¾à¼ÓÀ» ¾î±â°Ô µÉ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾øÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ Æò»ý Áö°¢»ýÀ̾ú´ø ³»°¡ ³ª ÀÚ½ÅÀ» °íÄ£ ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌÁ¦ _½Å¼ÓÇÔ_ÀÌ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù°í °áÁ¤À» ³»¸®°í ³ª´Ï, ³ª´Â ¡°³»°¡ Ä¡°ú¿¡ °¡±â Àü¿¡ À⹫¸¦ ÇÑ °¡Áö ´õ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î¡± ¶Ç´Â ¡°³»°¡ Áö±Ý °øÇ×À¸·Î Ãâ¹ßÇØ¾ß Çϳª¡±¿Í °°Àº Áú¹®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ë´äÀÌ ÀÚµ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î ³ª¿À´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ´ë´äÀº Ç×»ó ¡®¾Æ´Ï¡¯ ±×¸®°í ¡®±×·¡¡¯ÀÌ´Ù. ½Ã°£À» Àß ÁöÅ°±â·Î ¼±ÅÃÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ´ç½ÅÀÇ »ýÈ°»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó °¡Á·, Ä£±¸, µ¿·áÀÇ »ýÈ°±îÁö ÈξÀ ´õ ¼ö¿ùÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé °ÍÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¸ðµç »óȲ¿¡¼­ ½Ã°£À» Àß ÁöÅ°´Â °ÍÀ» ¾ðÁ¦³ª ÃÖ¿ì¼± ¼øÀ§·Î »ý°¢ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á Áö°¢ ½À°üÀ» °íÄ¥ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇÊÀÚ´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °æÇèÀ» ¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î ÁÖÀåÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ´Ê´Â °ÍÀ» °íÄ£ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ¿©·¯ Áú¹®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ë´äÀÌ ÀÚµ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î ³ª¿À°Ô ÇÑ ¿¹¸¦ ±Ù°Å·Î, ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î ¨é ¡®promptness(½Å¼ÓÇÔ)¡¯°¡ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) To stop _being_ late, all one has to do is change the motivation by _deciding_ that in all circumstances _being_ on time is _going_ to have first priority over any other consideration.: µ¿»ç stopÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î·Î µ¿¸í»ç±¸(being late)°¡, ÀüÄ¡»ç byÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î·Î µ¿¸í»ç±¸(deciding ~)°¡ »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. thatÀýÀÇ ÁÖ¾î¿Í º¸¾î ¿ª½Ã °¢°¢ being on time, going ¡¦ considerationÀÇ µ¿¸í»ç±¸°¡ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * as a general rule: ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î, º¸ÅëÀ¸·Î * motivation: µ¿±â (ºÎ¿©), ÀÚ±Ø * priority: ¿ì¼±±Ç * presto: §, ¾ß¾Ñ(¸¶¼ú µûÀ§ÀÇ ±âÇÕ ¼Ò¸®) * lifelong: Æò»ý µ¿¾ÈÀÇ, ÀÏ»ýÀÇ * latecomer: Áö°¢»ý, ´Ê´Â »ç¶÷ * squeeze in: Æ´»õ¸¦ ºñÁý°í ³¢¿ö ³Ö´Ù * enormously: ¾öû³ª°Ô, ´ë´ÜÈ÷, ¸Å¿ì 35. Çؼ®: ¾î¶² »ç¶÷µéÀº _ÀÚ¼±À» º£Çª´Â °Í_ÀÌ ¾î¶² ¸é¿¡¼­´Â ¿ì¸® Àηù¿¡°Ô À̷ӱ⠶§¹®¿¡ »ý°Ü³ª°Ô µÈ ÀÏÁ¾ÀÇ º»´ÉÀ̶ó°í ¹Ï°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¾ð¶æ, ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÀÌ»óÇÑ »ý°¢Ã³·³ º¸À̴µ¥, ´ÙÀ©ÀÇ ÁøÈ­·ÐÀº °³Ã¼µéÀº Àüü·Î¼­ÀÇ Á¾Á·ÀÇ ÀÌÀÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ, ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÌÀÍÀ» º¸È£Çϱâ À§ÇØ ÇൿÇÑ´Ù°í ÃßÁ¤Çϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿µ±¹ÀÇ ÁøÈ­»ý¹°ÇÐÀÚÀÎ Richard Dawkins´Â ÀÚ¿¬¼±ÅÃÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇؼ­ °íÅë ¹Þ´Â Å¸ÀÎÀ» ÃøÀºÈ÷ ¿©±â´Â ´É·ÂÀÌ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô »ý°Ü³µ´Ù°í ¹Ï´Â´Ù. Àΰ£ÀÌ ¼Ò±Ô¸ðÀÇ ¾¾Á· ´ÜÀ§·Î »ì¾ÒÀ» ¶§´Â, ¾î·Á¿ò¿¡ óÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÌ Ä£Ã´À̰ųª ȤÀº ³ªÁß¿¡ ÀºÇý¸¦ °±À» ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷À̾úÀ¸¹Ç·Î ŸÀÎÀ» ÃøÀºÈ÷ ¿©±â´Â °ÍÀÌ °á±¹¿¡´Â Àڽſ¡°Ô À̵æÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. Çö´ë »çȸ´Â ¼­·ÎÀÇ °ü°è°¡ ÈξÀ ´ú ±ä¹ÐÇÏ¸ç ¿ì¸®´Â ÀÚ¼±¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áø½É¾î¸° È£¼Ò¸¦ º¼ ¶§Á¶Â÷µµ, ¾Æ¸¶µµ °íÅëÀ» ¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Â ±× »ç¶÷À» °áÄÚ ¸¸³ªÁöµµ ¸øÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖÁö¸¸, ÃøÀºÈ÷ ¿©±â´Â °¨Á¤Àº ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ¿ì¸® À¯ÀüÀÚ ¼Ó¿¡ ³²¾Æ ÀÖ´Ù. (Çؼ³) °íÅë ¹Þ´Â Å¸ÀÎÀ» ÃøÀºÈ÷ ¿©±â´Â °¨Á¤ÀÌ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ À¯ÀüÀÚ ¼Ó¿¡ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ³²¾Æ ÀÖ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÇ ±ÛÀÌ´Ù. ºóÄ­ÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ¹®ÀåÀÇ instinct¿Í ¸¶Áö¸· ¹®ÀåÀÇ genesÀ» ¿¬°áÇØ º¸¸é °íÅë ¹Þ´Â Å¸ÀÎÀ» ÃøÀºÈ÷ ¿©±â´Â ´É·Â, Áï ¨è ¡®giving to charity(ÀÚ¼±À» º£Çª´Â °Í)¡¯°¡ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ç °íÅë ¹Þ±â¸¦ ¿øÄ¡ ¾Ê´Â °Í ¨é ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô µ¿Á¤ ¹Þ´Â °Í ¨ê ´ë¾ÈÀ» ã´Â °Í 45ÂÊ (±¸¹®) Modern societies are _much_ less close-knit and ~.: much´Â ºñ±³±ÞÀ» °­Á¶Çϴ ǥÇöÀ̸ç, °ü°è°¡ ´ú ±ä¹ÐÇÑ Modern societies(Çö´ë »çȸµé)¿ÍÀÇ ºñ±³ ´ë»óÀº ¾Õ ¹®Àå¿¡¼­ ¾ð±ÞÇÑ When humans lived in small clan-based groups(Àΰ£ÀÌ ¼Ò±Ô¸ðÀÇ ¾¾Á· ´ÜÀ§·Î »ì¾ÒÀ» ¶§)ÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * theory: ÀÌ·Ð * presume: ÃßÁ¤ÇÏ´Ù, °¡Á¤ÇÏ´Ù * evolutionary: ÁøÈ­ÀÇ, ¹ß´ÞÀÇ * natural selection: ÀÚ¿¬ ¼±ÅÃ, ÀÚ¿¬ µµÅ * feel pity for: ~À» ÃøÀºÈ÷(ºÒ½ÖÈ÷) ¿©±â´Ù(= take pity on) * clan: ¾¾Á· * pay back: µ¹·ÁÁÖ´Ù, °±´Ù * good turn: ¼±Çà, È£ÀÇ * close-knit: °ü°è°¡ ±ä¹ÐÇÑ * charity: ÀÚ¼± (ÇàÀ§) * chances are (that): ¡¦ ¾Æ¸¶ ~ÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù 36. Çؼ®: °¡´ÉÇÑ ÃÖ»óÀÇ µþ±â ÀëÀ» ã¾Æ³»·Á°í ½Ä·áÇ°Á¡¿¡¼­ Á¦Ç°À» °í¸£°í ÀÖÀ» ¶§, ´ç½ÅÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Áñ°Å¿òÀ» ÃÖ´ëÈ­ÇÏ·Á°í ³ë·ÂÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ÁßÀÌ´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀÌ Áß¿äÇÑ À¯ÀÏÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÌ¸ç ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¸¸Á·½ÃÅ°°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¹Ù·Î ´ç½ÅÀÇ ±â»ÝÀÇ Äè°¨ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·± °æ¿ì¿¡´Â _À̱â½É_ÀÌ ÀÌ»óÀûÀÎ Àü·«ÀÌ´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀº ´ç½ÅÀÌ Á¤¸»·Î ¿øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö¸¦ ´ç½Å¿¡°Ô ¾Ë·ÁÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Â ³ú ¼¼Æ÷µéÀÇ ¸»¿¡ ±Í¸¦ ±â¿ï¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ´ç½ÅÀÌ µµ´öÀûÀÎ °áÁ¤À» ³»¸®·Á ÇÒ ¶§´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÚ±âÁß½ÉÀû Àü·«Àº ½ÇÆÐÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. µµ´öÀû °áÁ¤À» ³»¸®´Â µ¥´Â ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °í·Á°¡ ¿ä±¸µÈ´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀº Ž¿å½º·± ¾ß¼öó·³ ÇൿÇϰųª °ÈÀâÀ» ¼ö ¾øÀ» Á¤µµ·Î ºÐ³ë¸¦ Ç¥ÃâÇؼ­´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù. ¿ÇÀº °ÍÀ» ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ³¸¼± »ç¶÷µéÀÇ °¨Á¤µéÀ» ºñÃ纸±â À§ÇØ °¨Á¤ÀÇ ³ú¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© _´Ù¸¥ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷_¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. À̱â½ÉÀº ¾î´À Á¤µµÀÇ ÀÌŸ½É¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ±ÕÇüÀÌ ¸ÂÃçÁú ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. (Çؼ³) (A) Á¦Ç°À» °í¸¦ ¶§´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¿ÀÁ÷ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ »ç¶÷À̶ó »ý°¢ÇÏ¸ç ±â»ÝÀÇ Äè°¨À» ¸¸Á·½ÃÅ°°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù´Â °Í°ú ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ÀÚ±âÁß½ÉÀû Àü·«À̶ó´Â ³»¿ëÀ» ±Ù°Å·Î, ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¡®selfishness(À̱â½É)¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (B) µµ´öÀû °áÁ¤À» ³»¸± ¶§ ÀÌ·± Àü·«Àº ½ÇÆÐÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀ» °í·ÁÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¿ä±¸µÈ´Ù°í ÇßÀ¸¹Ç·Î ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¡®everybody else(´Ù¸¥ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷)¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) You are the only person _that_ matters; _it is_ your sense of pleasure _that_ you are trying to please.: ¼±Çà»ç°¡ the only personÀ̾ °ü°è´ë¸í»ç thatÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. 'it is ¡¦ that ¡¦' °­Á¶±¸¹®À¸·Î µ¿»ç pleaseÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾îÀÎ your sense of pleasure°¡ °­Á¶µÇ¾ú´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * maximize: ÃÖ´ëÈ­ÇÏ´Ù * strategy: Àü·«, ÀÛÀü * egocentric: ÀÚ±âÁß½ÉÀÇ * take ¡¦ into account: ~À» °í·ÁÇÏ´Ù, ÂüÀÛÇÏ´Ù * greedy: Ž¿å½º·¯¿î * brute: Áü½Â, ¾ß¼ö * get out of control: Á¦¾îÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù * selfishness: À̱âÀûÀÓ * selflessness: »ç½ÉÀÌ ¾øÀ½, ÀÌŸ½É 37. Çؼ®: ½Ê ³â¿¡ °ÉÄ£ ÀüÇüÀûÀÎ ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­ »ý¹°ÇÐÀÚ Gerald WilkinsonÀº ÈíÇ÷ ¹ÚÁã°¡ ¾ß°£ ¸ÔÀÌ »ç³ÉÀ» ¼º°øÇÏ°í Áý´Ü °ÅÁÖÁö·Î µ¹¾Æ¿Ã ¶§, ±×µéÀº ÀÚÁÖ ÇǸ¦ ÅäÇؼ­ Ç÷Á·ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ ¹ÚÁ㸦 ºñ·ÔÇØ °°Àº °ÅÁÖÁöÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ¹ÚÁãµé°ú ±×°ÍÀ» ³ª´«´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ¾Ë¾Æ³Â´Ù. ¹àÇôÁø ¹Ù·Î´Â ±× ÀÌÀ¯´Â ÇǸ¦ ³ª´©´Â °ÍÀÌ °³º° ¹ÚÁãÀÇ »ýÁ¸À²À» ¸Å¿ì ³ô¿©Áֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌƲ ¹ãÀ» ¸ÔÁö ¸øÇÑ ¹ÚÁã´Â Áױ⠽±´Ù. WilkinsonÀº ÇǸ¦ ÁÖ´Â ¹ÚÁãµéÀº ´ë°³ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ À׿©ºÐÀ» ³ª´©¾î ÁÖ°í ±×·¯´Â °¡¿îµ¥ ±¾¾î Á×À» Áö°æÀÌ µÈ ¸ÔÀ̸¦ ãÁö ¸øÇÑ ¹ÚÁ㸦 ±¸ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¿© ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯¸é ºñ¿ëÀº »ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Î ³·°í À̵æÀº »ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Î ³ô´Ù. ¾î¶² ¹ÚÁãµµ ¾î´À ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ¹ãÀÇ ¼º°øÀ» È®½ÅÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ÇǸ¦ ÁÖ´Â ¹ÚÁã´Â Àڽŵµ ±Ã±ØÀûÀ¸·Î´Â °°Àº °ÅÁÖÁöÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ¹ÚÁã·ÎºÎÅÍ µµ¿òÀ» ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦ ÈíÇ÷ ¹ÚÁã´Â ÀÏÁ¾ÀÇ _»óÈ£ º¸Àå ü°è_¸¦ ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. (Çؼ³) »ý¹°ÇÐÀÚ Gerald WilkinsonÀÌ ¿¬±¸ÇÑ ÈíÇ÷ ¹ÚÁãÀÇ ½À¼º¿¡ °üÇÑ ±Û·Î, ¾î¶² ÈíÇ÷ ¹ÚÁãµµ ¸ÔÀ̸¦ ã´Â µ¥ ½ÇÆÐÇÒ ¼ö Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ¸ÔÀ̸¦ ãÀº ³¯¿¡´Â µÕÁö¿¡ »ç´Â ´Ù¸¥ ¹ÚÁãµé°ú ±×°ÍÀ» ÇÔ²² ³ª´«´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÇ ±ÛÀÌ´Ù. °ð ¼­·Î º¸ÇèÀ» µå´Â °Í°ú ¸¶Âù°¡ÁöÀ̹ǷÎ, ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨é ¡®mutual insurance system(»óÈ£ º¸Àå ü°è)¡¯ÀÌ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ç º¹ÀâÇÑ »çȸÀÇ °è±Þ Á¦µµ ¨è »ýÅ°èÀÇ ´Ù¾ç¼º ¨ê ±â»ý °ü°è (±¸¹®) ¡¦ biologist Gerald Wilkinson found _that_, when vampire bats return to their communal nests from a successful night's foraging, they frequently vomit blood and share it with other nest-mates, including even non-relatives.: biologist Gerald WilkinsonÀÌ ¹®ÀåÀÇ ÁÖ¾îÀÌ°í found°¡ µ¿»çÀε¥, Á¢¼Ó»ç thatÀÌ À̲ô´Â ÀýÀº µ¿»ç foundÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. thatÀý ¾È¿¡ when vampire bats return ~, they frequently vomit ~ÀÇ '½Ã°£ ºÎ»çÀý£«ÁÖÀý'ÀÇ ±¸Á¶°¡ µé¾î°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * communal: °øµ¿ÀÇ, °øµ¿ »çȸÀÇ * frequently: ÀÚÁÖ * vomit: ÅäÇÏ´Ù, ³»¹ñ´Ù * nestmate: °°Àº ±¼¿¡¼­ »ç´Â »õ * donor: ±âÁõÀÚ, Á¦°øÀÚ 46ÂÊ * starvation: ±¾ÁÖ¸² * relatively: ºñ±³Àû, »ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Î * it is likely that: ¡¦ ~ÇÒ °Í °°´Ù * eventually: µåµð¾î, ¸¶Ä§³» 38. Çؼ®: ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ½Ç¼ö¿Í ½ÇÆд Àΰ£ÀÇ ¸ðµç ¼³°èµéÀ» ¸ø ¾²°Ô ¸¸µç´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦·Î ÀÚµ¿Â÷ ¿£Áø ºÎÇ° Áß ´Ü Çϳª¸¸ÀÌ¶óµµ °íÀå ³ª¸é ´ç½ÅÀº °ßÀÎ Æ®·°À» ºÒ·¯¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ È¸·ÎÀÇ ¹è¼±¿¡ À־ ÀÛÀº ½Ç¼ö ¶§¹®¿¡ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ Àüü¸¦ ³»¹ö·Á¾ß ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ÀÚ¿¬°è´Â ´Ù¸£´Ù. Áö±¸ ¿ª»ç Àüü¿¡ °ÉÃļ­ 300¸¸¿¡¼­ 1¾ï¿¡ À̸£´Â Á¾ÀÌ »ç¶óÁ³´Ù°í Ãß»êµÇ¸ç, ÀÌ´Â ¿ÃÇØ¿¡µµ ¾îµò°¡¿¡¼­ 3¿¡¼­ 100¿¡ À̸£´Â Á¾ÀÌ »ç¶óÁú °ÍÀÓÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×·¯ÇÑ ÀÚ¿¬ÀÇ ¸êÁ¾Àº °ÅÀÇ Çظ¦ ³¢Ä¡Áö ¾Ê´Â °Í °°´Ù. ¼ö¹é ¸¸ ³â¿¡ °ÉÃÄ »ýÅ°è´Â ½Ç¼ö¿Í À߸ø¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³î¶ó¿ï Á¤µµÀÇ _¹«°¨°¢_À» ¹ßÈÖÇÏ¿©, ¼ö¸¸ Á¾À» Æĸê½ÃÄ×´ø À¯Ä«Åº¿¡ ¶³¾îÁø ¿î¼®ÀÇ Ãæ°Ý °°Àº ±Ø´ÜÀûÀÎ »ç°Ç¿¡¼­µµ »ì¾Æ³²¾Ò´Ù. (Çؼ³) Àΰ£ÀÌ ¸¸µé¾î ³õÀº °ÍÀº ¾à°£ÀÇ ½Ç¼ö¿¡µµ ¿¹¹ÎÇÏ°Ô ¹ÝÀÀÇÏ¿© °íÀåÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å°Áö¸¸, ÀÚ¿¬Àº ¼ö¸¹Àº »ý¸íüÀÇ ¸êÁ¾À» °ÞÀ¸¸é¼­µµ Àß °ßµ® ¿Ô´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÇ ±ÛÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ÀÚ¿¬ÀÇ Æ¯¼ºÀ» Àß Ç¥ÇöÇÑ ¨é ¡®insensitivity(¹«°¨°¢)¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) Throughout Earth's history, an estimated 3 million to 100 million species _have_ disappeared, _which_ means that this year somewhere between three and a hundred species will vanish.: µ¿»ç have disappearedÀÇ ÁÖ¾î´Â 3 million to 100 million speciesÀ̹ǷΠº¹¼ö Ãë±ÞÇÏ¿© have¸¦ ½è´Ù. °è¼ÓÀû ¿ë¹ýÀÇ °ü°è´ë¸í»ç whichÀÇ ¼±Çà»ç´Â ¾Õ ¹®ÀåÀÇ ³»¿ëÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * corrupt: Ÿ¶ô½ÃÅ°´Ù, ¸ø ¾²°Ô ÇÏ´Ù * component: ±¸¼º¿ä¼Ò, ºÎÇ° * tow truck: °ßÀÎ Æ®·° * wiring: ¹è¼± * circuit: ȸ·Î * vanish: »ç¶óÁö´Ù * extinction: ¸êÁ¾ * ecosystem: »ýÅ°è * drastic: ±Þ°ÝÇÑ, °­·ÄÇÑ 39. Çؼ®: ´Ù¸¥ ºÐ¾ß¿¡¼­ÀÇ ÀÏÅ»°ú´Â ´Þ¸® ½ºÆ÷Ã÷¿¡¼­ÀÇ ÀÏÅ»Àº Á¾Á¾ ±Ô¹ü°ú ±â´ë¿¡ _´ëÇÑ ¾Æ¹«·± ÀÇ½É ¾ø´Â ¼ö¿ë°ú ±Ø´ÜÀûÀÎ ¼øÀÀ_À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ºÏ¹Ì ÀεéÀº ¹Ì½ÄÃ౸ °æ±â¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ±àÁ¤Àû È°µ¿À¸·Î °£ÁÖÇÑ´Ù. ÀþÀº »ç¶÷µéÀº ¹Ì½ÄÃ౸ ¼±¼ö·Î¼­ ¡®ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÃÖ°íÀÇ ¸ð½ÀÀ» º¸ÀÌ°í¡¯, ¡°teamÀ̶ó´Â ´Ü¾î¿¡ ¡®I¡¯¶ó´Â öÀÚ´Â ¾ø´Ù(¡®³ª¡¯º¸´Ù ÆÀÀÌ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù)¡±¶ó´Â ¸»°ú °°Àº ½½·Î°ÇÀ¸·Î »ì¾Æ°¡µµ·Ï °Ý·Á ¹Þ´Â´Ù. ±×µéÀº üÁß°ú ÈûÀ» Áõ°¡½ÃÄѼ­ Á» ´õ È¿°úÀûÀ¸·Î °æ±â¸¦ ÇÏ°í ÆÀÀÇ ¼º°ø¿¡ ±â¿©Ç϶ó°í °Ý·Á ¹Þ´Â´Ù. ÀþÀº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Á» ´õ ¸öÁýÀÌ Ä¿Áö°í ÈûÀÌ ¼¼¾îÁö¸®¶ó´Â ±â´ë¸¦ Áö³ªÄ¥ Á¤µµ·Î ¼ö¿ëÇÏ°Ô µÉ ¶§, ±×µéÀÌ ¿îµ¿Àå¿¡¼­ ¹Ì½ÄÃ౸¸¦ ÇÏ´Â °Í°ú ±â¼úÀ» Çâ»ó½ÃÅ°´Â °Í¿¡ Áö³ªÄ¥ Á¤µµ·Î Àü³äÇÏ¿© ±ÙÀ°À» Çü¼ºÇÏ´Â ¾à¹°À» º¹¿ëÇÏ°Ô µÉ ¶§, ±×µéÀº ÀÏÅ»ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ À¯ÇüÀÇ ¡®°úÀ× Çൿ ÀÏÅ»¡¯Àº À§ÇèÇÑ °ÍÀÌÁö¸¸, ±×°ÍÀº ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ¹Þ¾Æµé¿©Áö´Â ±ÔÄ¢°ú ±â´ë¸¦ °ÅºÎÇÏ´Â ¼Ò¿ÜµÈ ÀþÀº »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö´Â ¡®¹Ý»çȸÀû ÀÏÅ»¡¯¿¡¼­ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ¿ªÇаú´Â ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ´Ù¸¥ »çȸÀû ¿ªÇп¡ ±Ù°ÅÇÑ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ½ºÆ÷Ã÷¿¡¼­ ÀϾ´Â ÀÏÅ»ÇàÀ§¸¦ ¹Ì½ÄÃ౸ ¼±¼öÀÇ ¾à¹° º¹¿ëÀ» »ç·Ê·Î µé¾î ¼³¸íÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¹Ì½ÄÃ౸ ¼±¼öµéÀº Ç×»ó ÃÖ¼±À» ´ÙÇÏ°í ÆÀÀ» À§ÇØ Èñ»ýÇ϶ó°í Áöµµ¸¦ ¹Þ°í À̸¦ ¡®unquestioned acceptance(ÀÇ½É ¾øÀÌ ¼ö¿ë)¡¯Çϴµ¥, ÀÌ¿¡ ¡®extreme conformity(Áö³ªÄ¥ Á¤µµ·Î ¼øÀÀ)¡¯ÇÒ ¶§ ¾à¹° º¹¿ëÀ̶ó´Â ÀÏÅ» ÇàÀ§¸¦ ÀúÁö¸¦ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÇ ±ÛÀÌ´Ù. ¨ç ~À» ÇÇÇÏ·Á´Â ¿å¸Á¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ü·ÃµÈ ÅëÁ¦ ¨è ~À» Çü¼ºÇÔ¿¡ À־ ³¶ºñµÈ ³ë·Â°ú ÀÚ¿ø ¨é ~¿¡¼­ µ¶¸³µÇ°í ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿öÁö·Á´Â ¾ß½ÉÂù ½Ãµµ (±¸¹®) This type of ¡®overdoing-it-deviance¡¯ is dangerous, but _it_ is grounded in completely different social dynamics from the dynamics _that_ occur in the ¡®antisocial deviance¡¯ enacted by alienated young people _who_ reject commonly accepted rules and expectations.: itÀº This type of ¡®overdoing-it-deviance¡¯¸¦ °¡¸®Å²´Ù. that ¡¦ expectations´Â the dynamics¸¦ ¼±Çà»ç·Î ÃëÇÏ´Â °ü°è´ë¸í»çÀýÀÌ´Ù. who ¡¦ expectations´Â alienated young peopleÀ» ¼ö½ÄÇÑ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * deviance: ÀÏÅ» * norm: ±Ô¹ü, ±âÁØ * be committed to -ing: ~ÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡ Àü³äÇÏ´Ù * overdo: °úÀåÇÏ´Ù, ~À» Áö³ªÄ¡°Ô ÇÏ´Ù * grounded: ±âÃʸ¦ µÐ, ±Ù°ÅÇÏ´Â * dynamics: ¿ªÇÐ * enact: ÇàÇÏ´Ù, Á¦Á¤ÇÏ´Ù 47ÂÊ ÁÖÀÎÀ¸·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¿øÇÏ´Â ´ë·Î ÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé ¼ö ÀÖ´Â À¯¸®ÇÑ À§Ä¡¿¡ ÀÖ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ¿ÕÀÇ ½ÅÇÏ°¡ ½ÇÁúÀûÀ¸·Î ¿ÕÀ» _Áö¹èÇÏ´Â_ °íÀüÀûÀÎ »ç·ÊÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¿øÇÏ´Â ´ë·Î »ó´ë¹æÀ» ¿òÁ÷ÀÌ°Ô ÇÏ´Â ÈûÀ» ¾ò°Ô µÇ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¼³¸íÇÑ ±ÛÀÌ´Ù. ÁÖÀÎÀÌ ¾Æ·§»ç¶÷ÀÇ µµ¿ò ¾øÀÌ Á¦´ë·Î È°µ¿ÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ» ¶§, ¾Æ·§»ç¶÷ÀÌ ÁÖÀÎÀ» Áö¹èÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÈûÀ» ¾ò´Â´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ µÇ¾î¾ß ÇϹǷÎ, ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨ç ¡®controls(Áö¹èÇÏ´Ù)¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) ¡¦ you have involved yourself in his work so deeply that doing away with you would bring him great difficulty, or at least would mean valuable time lost in training another to replace you.: 'so£«Çü/ºÎ£«that ¡¦(³Ê¹« ~Çؼ­ ¡¦ÇÏ´Ù)' ±¸¹®ÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. thatÀýÀÇ ÁÖ¾î´Â µ¿¸í»ç±¸(doing away with you)·Î µ¿»ç would bring°ú would meanÀÌ orÀ» Áß½ÉÀ¸·Î º´·ÄµÇ¾î ³ªÅ¸³ª°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * ultimate: ±Ã±ØÀûÀÎ, ÃÖÈÄÀÇ * grant: ÁÖ´Ù * untouchable: (¾î´À ´©±¸µµ) °Çµå¸± ¼ö ¾ø´Â, °ßÁÙ ÀÚ ¾ø´Â * involve: °ü¿©½ÃÅ°´Ù, ¸ôµÎ½ÃÅ°´Ù * do away with: ~À» ¾ø¾Ö´Ù, ¹ö¸®´Ù, ÆóÁöÇÏ´Ù 41. Çؼ®: ¸¸¾à ´ç½ÅÀÌ ³ªºñ¶ó¸é, ´õ È­·ÁÇÑ »ö±òÀÇ ²É¿¡ ²ø¸± °ÍÀΰ¡? ¾Æ´Ï¸é ´ú È­·ÁÇÑ »ö±òÀÇ ²É¿¡ ²ø¸± °ÍÀΰ¡? ´ëºÎºÐÀº ¾Æ¸¶µµ ´õ È­·ÁÇÑ »ö±òÀÇ ²ÉÀ» ¼±È£ÇÏ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¹ú°ú ³ªºñ¿Í °°Àº ²É°¡·ç ¸Å°³ÀÚ¿¡µµ °°Àº ¿ø¸®°¡ Àû¿ëµÈ´Ù. ¿©·¯ ÇØ µ¿¾È, »ý¹°ÇÐÀÚµéÀº ²ÉµéÀÌ ²É°¡·ç ¸Å°³ÀÚ¸¦ ²ø¾îµéÀ̱â À§ÇØ ´«¿¡ ¶ç´Â »ö±ò, ³¿»õ, Á¤±³ÇÑ ¸ð¾çÀÇ ²ÉÀÙ, ±×¸®°í ²ÜÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÃÖ±ÙÀÇ ¿¬±¸´Â ²ÉÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¶Ç ÇϳªÀÇ °­·ÂÇÑ À¯È¤ ¼ö´ÜÀ» ¹àÇô³Â´Âµ¥, ±×°ÍÀº _¹Ù¶÷¿¡ ¿òÁ÷ÀÌ´Â °Í_ÀÌ´Ù. °úÇÐÀÚµéÀº ¿òÁ÷ÀÌ´Â ²ÉµéÀÌ ±×µéº¸´Ù ¿òÁ÷ÀÓÀÌ ÀûÀº ´Ù¸¥ ²Éµéº¸´Ù ²É°¡·ç¸¦ ¿Å±â´Â °ïÃæµéÀÇ ¹æ¹®À» º¸´Ù ÀÚÁÖ ¹Þ´Â´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ¸¶Ä¡ ²ÉµéÀÌ °ïÃæµé¿¡°Ô ¡°È¯¿µÇÕ´Ï´Ù. À̸® ¿À¼Å¼­ ¸¶½Ç °Í Á» µå¼¼¿ä.¡±¶ó°í ¸»ÇÏ¸ç ¼ÕÀ» Èçµå´Â °Í°ú °ÅÀÇ ºñ½ÁÇÏ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Èï¹Ì·Î¿î ¹ß°ß°ú ´õºÒ¾î, °úÇÐÀÚµéÀº ¶ÇÇÑ ±æ°í °¡´Â Áٱ⸦ °¡Áø ²ÉµéÀÌ ¿òÁ÷ÀÓÀÇ ¹üÀ§°¡ ´õ Å©±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ´õ ¸¹Àº °ïÃæÀ» ²ø¾îµéÀδٴ °á·ÐÀ» ³»·È´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¿òÁ÷ÀÌ´Â ²ÉÀÌ ²É°¡·ç ¸Å°³ÀÚ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ´Â °ïÃæµéÀ» ´õ Àß À¯ÀÎÇÑ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ À̾îÁö¹Ç·Î, ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº ¨ç ¡®moving in the wind(¹Ù¶÷¿¡ ¿òÁ÷ÀÌ´Â °Í)¡¯ÀÌ´Ù. ¨è È­·ÁÇÑ »ö±ò Ã¥·« ¨é µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ ¸ÀÀÌ ³ª´Â ²Ü ¨ê ±íÀº »Ñ¸®¸¦ °®´Â °Í (±¸¹®) Along with this interesting finding, scientists have also concluded that, _due to_ their greater range of motion, _flowers_ with long, thin stalks attract more insects.: ÀüÄ¡»ç±¸ due to ~(¡¦ ¶§¹®¿¡, ~À¸·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿©)°¡ thatÀý ¼Ó¿¡ »ðÀԵǾî ÀÖ´Ù. thatÀýÀÇ ÁÖ¾î´Â flowers·Î with long, thin stalks ÀüÄ¡»ç±¸ÀÇ ¼ö½ÄÀ» ¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * option: ¼±ÅÃ, ¼±ÅÃ±Ç * elaborately: Á¤±³ÇÏ°Ô * petal: ²ÉÀÙ * static: Á¤Áö »óÅÂÀÇ, ¿òÁ÷ÀÓÀÌ ¾ø´Â * counterpart: »ó´ë, ´ëÀÀ °ü°è¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °Í * stalk: ÁÙ±â 42. Çؼ®: ³ªÀÇ ¶È¶ÈÇÑ Ä£±¸ ÇÑ ¸íÀÌ ³»°Ô ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¸»ÇÑ ÀûÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¡°°©Àڱ⠾ ¹®Á¦¸¦ º¸´Â ¼ø°£, ÇØ´äÀ» ¸»·Î ¿Å±æ ¼ö Àֱ⵵ Àü¿¡ ÇØ´äÀ» ¾ò´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ÀϾÁö. ±×°ÍÀº ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î ÀáÀçÀǽÄÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁöÁö. ÀÌ·± ÀÏÀÌ ³»°Ô´Â ¿©·¯ ¹ø ÀϾ¾î.¡± _¾î¶»°Ô ¾Ë°Ô µÇ¾ú´ÂÁö¸¦ ¸»ÇÒ ¼öµµ ¾øÀÌ_ ¾Ë°Ô µÇ´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ´À³¦Àº ÈçÈ÷ ÀϾ´Ù. ÇÁ¶û½ºÀÇ Ã¶ÇÐÀÚÀÌÀÚ ¼öÇÐÀÚÀÎ Blaise PascalÀº ¡°»ç¶÷ÀÇ ¸¶À½Àº À̼ºÀÌ ¾Ë ¼ö ¾ø´Â ±×¸¸ÀÇ ÀÌÀ¯¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù.¡±¶ó°í ¸»ÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î À¯¸íÇÏ´Ù. 19¼¼±âÀÇ À§´ëÇÑ ¼öÇÐÀÚÀÎ Carl Friedrich Gauss ¶ÇÇÑ Á÷°üÀÌ Á¾Á¾ ±×¸¦ Áï½Ã Áõ¸íÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â »ý°¢À¸·Î À̲ø¾úÀ½À» ÀÎÁ¤Çß´Ù. ±×´Â ¡°³ª¿¡°Ô´Â ¿À·§µ¿¾È °¡Á®¿Â ¿©·¯ °á·ÐµéÀÌ ÀÖÁö¸¸, ±× °á·Ðµé¿¡ ¾î¶»°Ô µµ´ÞÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´ÂÁö ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù.¡±¶ó°í ¸»Çß´Ù. ¶§¶§·Î ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ ÃµÀ缺Àº ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ¸»·Î ¿Å±æ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾ÆÁÖ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇØ´äÀ» ¾Ë¾Æ³ÂÁö¸¸, ±× ÀÌÀ¯¸¦ ¸»·Î ¼³¸íÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ÈçÈ÷ ÀÖ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» õÀçÀûÀÎ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ »ç·Ê¸¦ µé¸ç ¼³¸íÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ±ÛÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ¨è ¡®without being able to say how one knows(¾î¶»°Ô ¾Ë°Ô µÇ¾ú´ÂÁö¸¦ ¸»ÇÒ ¼öµµ ¾øÀÌ)¡¯°¡ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ç ´ç½Å ¸¶À½¼Ó¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¿©·¯ °¨Á¤µéÀÇ ÀÇ¹Ì ¨é ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Á÷¸éÇÏ´Â ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÇØ°áÇÏ´Â ¹æ½Ä ¨ê ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ¼³µæÇϱâ À§ÇØ ÀûÀýÇÑ ¸»À» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý (±¸¹®) Fittingly so, sometimes true genius simply cannot _be put into words_.: 'put ¡¦ into words(¡¦À» ¸»·Î ³ªÅ¸³»´Ù)'ÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î¿´´ø true genius¸¦ ÁÖ¾î·Î ¼öµ¿Å·ΠǥÇöÇÑ ¹®ÀåÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * subconsciously: ÀáÀçÀǽÄÀûÀ¸·Î * philosopher: öÇÐÀÚ * intuition: Á÷°ü * fittingly: ÀûÀýÇÏ°Ô, ¾Ë¸Â°Ô 48ÂÊ 43. Çؼ®: ÀÌ Çö´ë ¼¼°è¿¡¼­, »ç¶÷µéÀº ºÒÆíÇÏ°Ô »ç´Â °Í¿¡ Àͼ÷ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â Áï°¢ÀûÀÎ °á°ú¿Í ¸¸Á·À» ±â´ëÇÑ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â Àü´ÞµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °Íº¸´Ù ´õ ºü¸£°Ô Á¤´äÀ» ¿øÇÑ´Ù. 24½Ã°£ ¼ö¸®¿Í 24½Ã°£ ¼îÇÎÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ¹è°íÇÁ´Ù¸é, ÀüÀÚ·¹ÀÎÁö ½Ä»çºÎÅÍ ¹ã»ù ¿µ¾÷À» ÇÏ´Â ½Ä·áÇ°Á¡°ú ½Ä´ç¿¡ À̸£±â±îÁö ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â À½½ÄÀÌ Ç×»ó ÀÖ´Ù. »ç¶÷µéÀº ±â´Ù¸®´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ̳ª ȤÀº ½ÉÁö¾î ±â´Ù¸²ÀÌ ¹«½¼ ÀǹÌÀÎÁöÁ¶Â÷µµ ´õ ÀÌ»ó ¾ËÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. ¿øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¿øÇÒ ¶§ °¡Áö´Â °ÍÀº ÁÁÀº ÀÏÀÌÁö¸¸, ¸¸Á·À» ´ÊÃâ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´É·Âµµ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù. _Àγ»_°¡ ºÐ¸íÈ÷ Áß¿äÇÑ ´ö¸ñÀ̱â´Â Çϳª, ±×·¡µµ ³Ê¹« ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¡°¼­µÑ·¯!¡±¶ó´Â »ý°¢À» Çϸç ÀüÀÚ·¹ÀÎÁö ¾Õ¿¡ ¼­ ÀÖ´Ù. (Çؼ³) Áï°¢ÀûÀÎ °á°ú¿Í ¸¸Á·À» ±â´ëÇÏ´Â Çö´ë ¼¼°è¿¡¼­ how to wait(±â´Ù¸®´Â ¹æ¹ý), what waiting means(±â´Ù¸²ÀÇ ÀǹÌ), Áï the ability to delay satisfaction(¸¸Á·À» ´ÊÃâ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´É·Â)ÀÌ Áß¿äÇÔÀ» °­Á¶ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨è ¡®Patience(Àγ»)¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) _It_ is nice _to have what you want when you want it_, but the ability to delay satisfaction is important.: ItÀº °¡ÁÖ¾îÀÌ°í to have ¡¦ itÀÌ ÁøÁÖ¾îÀÌ´Ù. whatÀº ¼±Çà»ç¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ °ü°è´ë¸í»ç·Î haveÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î°¡ µÇ´Â ¸í»çÀýÀ» À̲ø°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * be used to -ing: ~ÇÏ´Â µ¥ Àͼ÷ÇÏ´Ù * discomfort: ºÒÆí * immediate: Áï°¢ÀûÀÎ * delay: ¹Ì·ç´Ù, ´ÊÃß´Ù * virtue: ´ö¸ñ, ¹Ì´ö 44. Çؼ®: ÇöÀç ½ÇÇàµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â °Íó·³ ÀÇÇÐÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀº ¼º, ³ªÀÌ, ¶Ç´Â À¯ÀüÀû ƯÁú°ú °ü°è ¾øÀÌ ¸ðµç ȯÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¶È°°ÀÌ ÁÁÀº È¿°ú¸¦ ³»´Â (Ä¡·á) ÀýÂ÷¿Í ¾àÀ» °³¹ßÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ¿ì¸®µé ¸ðµÎ°¡ ¶È°°Àº Á¶¸³ ¶óÀο¡¼­ º¹»çµÇ¾î ³ª¿Â À¯»çÇÑ »ýü ¿ªÇÐÀû ´ÜÀ§¶ó´Â ³Î¸® ¾Ë·ÁÁø ¹ÏÀ½À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ À¯·¡Çϴµ¥, ±×°ÍÀº ÀüÅë ÀÇÇÐÀÇ È¿·ÂÀ» Á¦ÇÑÇÏ´Â Àΰ£¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸Å¿ì ºÒ¿ÏÀüÇÑ °³³äÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¹Ì·¡ÀÇ ÀÇ»ç´Â ±Ùº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ´Ù¸¥ ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ÀÇÇÐÀ» ½ÇÇàÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ º¯È­ ÁßÀÇ Çϳª´Â, ÇöÀç Å©°Ô ¹«½Ã´çÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â °³³äÀÎ _ȯÀÚÀÇ °³ÀÎÀû Ư¼º_¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀνÄÀÇ Áõ°¡°¡ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. À¯»çÇÑ Áõ»óÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ ȯÀÚ¸¦ ¶È°°Àº ¾àÀ¸·Î Ä¡·áÇÏ´Â °Í ´ë½Å ÀÇ»çµéÀº º´ÀÇ ±Ùº» ¿øÀÎÀ» ¹àÇô³»¾î °³º°È­µÈ Ä¡·á¸¦ Á¦½ÃÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (Çؼ³) Àΰ£À» Á¶¸³ ¶óÀο¡¼­ »ý»êµÇ´Â ¶È°°Àº »ýü ¿ªÇÐÀû ´ÜÀ§·Î »ý°¢ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ÀüÅë ÀÇÇÐÀÇ ÇÑ°è¶ó°í ÁöÀûÇÑ ÈÄ, ¹Ì·¡ ÀÇÇп¡¼­´Â ´Ù¸¥ ¹æ½Ä, Áï a personalized treatment(°³º°È­µÈ Ä¡·á)¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ º¯È­ ÁßÀÇ Çϳª´Â ¨è ¡®patient individuality(ȯÀÚÀÇ °³ÀÎÀû Ư¼º)¡¯¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀνÄÀÇ Áõ°¡¶ó°í ¸»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) The goal of medicine _as it is currently practiced_ is to develop procedures and drugs that work equally well on all patients ~.: as it is currently practiced´Â »ðÀÔÀýÀÌ´Ù. ¹®ÀåÀÇ ÁÖ¾î´Â The goal of medicineÀÌ°í µ¿»ç´Â isÀ̸ç to develop ¡¦ ÀÌÇÏ°¡ º¸¾îÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * procedure: ÀýÂ÷ * regardless of: ~¿¡ °ü°è ¾øÀÌ * genetics: À¯ÀüÇÐ, À¯ÀüÀû ƯÁú * prevalent: ³Î¸® ¾Ë·ÁÁø * bio-mechanical: »ýü ¿ªÇÐÀûÀÎ * roll off: (Ã¥ µûÀ§°¡) ÀμâµÇ´Ù * assembly line: Á¶¸³ ¶óÀÎ * come up with: ~À» Á¦½ÃÇÏ´Ù, »ý°¢ÇØ ³»´Ù * personalize: °³ÀÎÈ­(°³º°È­)ÇÏ´Ù 45. Çؼ®: ´ëü·Î, ¿ì¸®µéÀº ¿ì¸®µé¿¡°Ô Ä£¼÷ÇÑ °ÍµéÀ» ÁÁ¾ÆÇÑ´Ù. ±× Á¡À» ½º½º·Î¿¡°Ô ÀÔÁõÇϱâ À§ÇØ °£´ÜÇÑ ½ÇÇèÀ» Çغ¸¶ó. ´ç½ÅÀÇ ¾ó±¼À» Á¤¸éÀ¸·Î º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â ¿¾³¯ »çÁøÀÇ (Çʸ§) ¿øÆÇÀ» °¡Áö°í µÎ °³ÀÇ »çÁø¦¡½ÇÁ¦ ¸ð½ÀÀ» ±×´ë·Î º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â »çÁø°ú ¾ó±¼ÀÇ Á¿찡 ¼­·Î ¹Ù²ï ¹Ý´ëµÈ ¸ð½ÀÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â »çÁø¦¡À¸·Î Çö»óÇ϶ó. ÀÌÁ¦ ¾î¶°ÇÑ ÇüÀÇ ¾ó±¼ÀÌ ´õ ¸¶À½¿¡ µå´ÂÁö °áÁ¤ÇÏ°í, Ä£ÇÑ Ä£±¸¿¡°Ôµµ ¼±ÅÃÀ» Çغ¸¶ó°í ¿äûÇ϶ó. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ »ç¶÷µé°ú ºñ½ÁÇÏ´Ù¸é ´ç½ÅÀº ÀÌ»óÇÑ Á¡À» ÁÖ¸ñÇÏ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀε¥, ±×°ÍÀº ´ç½ÅÀÇ Ä£±¸´Â ¿ø·¡ ¸ð½ÀÀ» ´ãÀº °ÍÀ» ´õ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÒ °ÍÀÌÁö¸¸ ´ç½ÅÀº ¹Ý´ëµÈ À̹ÌÁö¸¦ ´õ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÒ °ÍÀ̶ó´Â Á¡ÀÌ´Ù. ¿Ö ±×·²±î? ´ç½Å°ú Ä£±¸ µÑ´Ù ´õ Ä£¼÷ÇÑ ¾ó±¼, Áï ´ç½ÅÀÇ Ä£±¸´Â _¼¼»ó »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¹Ù¶óº¸´Â ¸ð½À_, ±×¸®°í ´ç½ÅÀº ¸ÅÀÏ °Å¿ï ¼Ó¿¡¼­ º¸´Â ¹Ý´ëµÈ ¸ð½À¿¡ È£ÀÇÀûÀ¸·Î ¹ÝÀÀÇÒ °ÍÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¹Ù¶óº¸´Â ´ç½ÅÀÇ ¸ð½À(½ÇÁ¦ÀÇ ¸ð½ÀÀ» ±×´ë·Î º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â »çÁø)°ú ´ç½ÅÀÌ °Å¿ï ¼Ó¿¡¼­ ¹ß°ßÇÏ´Â ´ç½ÅÀÇ ¸ð½À(¾ó±¼ÀÇ Á¿찡 ¼­·Î ¹Ù²ï ¹Ý´ëµÈ ¸ð½À)Àº ¼­·Î ¹Ý´ëµÈ ¸ð½ÀÀε¥, °¢°¢ÀÇ ÀÔÀå¿¡¼­ Ä£¼÷ÇÑ ¸ð½ÀÀ» ´õ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÑ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÇ ±ÛÀÌ´Ù. ºóÄ­¿¡´Â È帧»ó ´ç½Å¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º»·¡ÀÇ ¸ð½ÀÀ» ¸»ÇÏ´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ ¿Í¾ß ÇϹǷΠ¨é ¡®the one the world sees(¼¼»ó »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¹Ù¶óº¸´Â ¸ð½À)¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ç ±×ÀÇ ÁøÂ¥ ¾ó±¼ ¨è ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¾ó±¼ ¨ê ±×ÀÇ ¾ó±¼ÀÇ ¿øÆÇ (±¸¹®) 49ÂÊ photograph)£«¸ñÀû°Ýº¸¾î(developed)' ±¸¹®À¸·Î ¸ñÀû¾î¿Í ¸ñÀû°Ýº¸¾î°¡ ¼öµ¿ÀÇ °ü°èÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * experiment: ½ÇÇè * develop: Çö»óÇÏ´Ù * reverse: ¹Ý´ëµÇ´Â, °Å²Ù·ÎÀÇ * interchange: ±³È¯ÇÏ´Ù, ¼­·Î ¹Ù²Ù´Ù * favorably: È£ÀÇÀûÀ¸·Î 46. Çؼ®: °¡±¸´Â ´Ù¼Ò ƯÁ¤ÇÑ »óȲ¿¡¼­ ´Ù¼Ò ƯÁ¤ÇÑ Áü¿¡ °ßµð±â À§ÇØ °í¾ÈµÈ °¡Àå ¿À·¡µÈ °øÇÐÀû ±¸Á¶¹° Áß ÇϳªÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ÀǵµµÈ ¸ñÀû ÀÌ»óÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÈ °¡±¸°¡ ºÎ¼­Áö´Â °Í¿¡ ³î¶óÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, °¡±¸°¡ ÇԺηΠ»ç¿ëµÉ ¶§ °¡±¸¸¦ ¸¸µç »ç¶÷À̳ª °¡±¸ ÀÚü º¸´Ù´Â °¡±¸¸¦ ÇԺηΠ»ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¾ÆÀ̸¦ ½±°Ô ³ª¹«¶õ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÀÇÀÚ´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã ¾É¾Æ ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷À» ¶°¹ÞÃÄ¾ß ÇÏÁö¸¸, ±×°ÍÀÌ ³ôÀº °Ç¹°¿¡¼­ ¶³¾îÁö´Â °ÍÀ» °ßµ®³¾ °ÍÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀº ±â´ëµÇ¾îÁöÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¾î¸°ÀÌ¿ë ħ´ë´Â ÀáÀÚ´Â ¾ÆÀ̸¦ ¶°¹ÞÄ¥ °ÍÀÌ ±â´ëµÇÁö¸¸, ¾î¸°¾ÆÀÌ°¡ Æ®·¥ÆÞ¸°(µµ¾à¿ë ³îÀÌ ±â±¸)À¸·Î ±×°ÍÀ» ½ÉÇÏ°Ô »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â »óȲ¿¡¼­´Â ±×°ÍÀÌ ºÎ¼­Áö´õ¶óµµ ´ç¿¬È÷ À߸ø ¸¸µé¾îÁø °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¿©°ÜÁöÁö´Â ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÇÀÚÀÇ ÆÈ°ú ´Ù¸®, ħ´ëÀÇ ¸Ó¸®¿Í ¹ßÀº ±×°ÍÀÌ µµ¿òÀ» ÁÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ±×°Íµé(ÆÈ, ´Ù¸®, ¸Ó¸®, ¹ß)ó·³ ÇÑÁ¤ ¾øÀÌ _°­ÇÒ_ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ±â´ëµÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. (Çؼ³) °¡±¸°¡ ÀǵµµÈ ¸ñÀû ÀÌ»óÀ¸·Î ½ÉÇÏ°Ô »ç¿ëµÉ ¶§ ºÎ¼­Áö´õ¶óµµ ´ç¿¬ÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿©±ä´Ù°í ÇßÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ÇѾøÀÌ °­ÇÒ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ±â´ëµÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â È帧ÀÌ ¾Ë¸Â´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨ê ¡®strong(°­ÇÒ)¡¯ÀÌ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) * We are not _surprised_ that furniture _used_ beyond its intended purpose is broken ~.: ÁÖ¾î(We)°¡ °¨Á¤ »óŸ¦ °æÇèÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̹ǷΠ°ú°ÅºÐ»ç surprised¸¦ ½á¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. used ¾Õ¿¡ which is°¡ »ý·«µÇ¾ú´Ù. * The arms and legs of chairs, the heads and feet of beds, just like _those_ of the people whom they serve, cannot be expected ~.: those´Â ¾Õ¼­ ³ª¿Â the arms and legs¿Í the heads and feetÀ» ¹Þ´Â Áö½Ã´ë¸í»çÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * engineering: °øÇÐÀÇ * well-defined: Á¤ÀÇ°¡ ¸íÈ®ÇÑ * circumstance: »óȲ, Á¤È² * intended: ÀǵµµÈ * blame: ºñ³­ÇÏ´Ù, ³ª¹«¶ó´Ù * abuse: ³²¿ëÇÏ´Ù, ÇԺηΠ»ç¿ëÇÏ´Ù * collapse: ¹«³ÊÁö´Ù, ºÎ¼­Áö´Ù 47. Çؼ®: ÇÑ µµ½ÃÀÇ ³ëÁ¡ »óÀÎÀÌ °¡°Ô¸¦ Â÷¸®°í ÇàÀε鿡°Ô µµ³Ó°ú Ä¿ÇǸ¦ ÆȾҴÙ. ¾Æħ°ú Á¡½É ½Ã°£ µ¿¾È ±×¿¡°Ô´Â Ç×»ó ±æ°Ô ´Ã¾î¼­¼­ ±â´Ù¸®´Â ¼Õ´ÔµéÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â È¥ÀÚ¼­ ¿î¿µÀ» Çϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ±×°¡ ´õ ¸¹Àº µµ³Ó°ú Ä¿ÇǸ¦ ÆÄ´Â °ÍÀ» ¹æÇØÇÏ´Â °¡Àå Ä¿´Ù¶õ ¾Ö·Î »çÇ×Àº ±×ÀÇ ¼Õ´Ôµé¿¡°Ô Àܵ·À» °Å½½·¯ÁÖ´Â µ¥ °É¸®´Â °úµµÇÑ ½Ã°£À̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾ÆÂ÷·È´Ù. ¸¶Ä§³» ±×´Â ±×Àú ´Þ·¯ ÁöÆó¿Í µ¿Àüµé·Î °¡µæÇÑ ÀÛÀº ¹Ù±¸´Ï¸¦ ±×ÀÇ ÆÇ¸Å´ë ¿·¿¡ ³õ¾Ò´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¼Õ´ÔµéÀº ¿Ïº®ÇÏ°Ô Á¤Á÷ÇÑ ÇൿÀ¸·Î ¹ÝÀÀÀ» º¸¿´À¸¸ç, Á¾Á¾ º¸Åë ¶§º¸´Ù ´õ ¸¹Àº ÆÁÀ» ³õ°í °¬´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ±×´Â Àܵ·À» °Å½½·¯ ÁÙ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¼Õ´ÔµéÀ» µÎ ¹è ºü¸¥ ¼Óµµ·Î ¿òÁ÷ÀÌ°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. °Ô´Ù°¡ ±×´Â ±×ÀÇ ¼Õ´ÔµéÀÌ ÀÌ ¾ÆÀ̵ð¾î¸¦ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ°í °è¼ÓÇؼ­ ´Ù½Ã ¿Â´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾Æ³Â´Ù. ÀÌ·± ½ÄÀ¸·Î _½Å·Ú¸¦ È®Àå½ÃÅ´_À¸·Î½á ±×´Â ¸ÅÃâÀ» µÎ ¹è·Î ´Ã¸± ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. (Çؼ³) ÆÇ¸Å´ë ¿·¿¡ ÁöÆó¿Í µ¿ÀüÀÌ µç ¹Ù±¸´Ï¸¦ ³õÀº °ÍÀº ¼Õ´Ô ½º½º·Î Àܵ·À» °Å½½·¯ °¡°Ô ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ°í, ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¼Õ´ÔµéÀÌ Á¤Á÷ÇÏ°Ô ¼ÀÀ» Ä¡¸¦ °ÍÀ̶ó´Â ¹ÏÀ½¿¡¼­ ³ª¿Â °ÍÀ̹ǷÎ, ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨è ¡®extending trust(½Å·Ú¸¦ È®Àå½ÃÅ´)¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ç Àܵ·À» °ÅºÎÇÔ ¨é »õ·Î¿î Á¶¸®¹ýÀ» »ç¿ëÇÔ ¨ê °ßº»À» ³ª´©¾î ÁÜ (±¸¹®) _as_ he was a one-man show, the biggest bottleneck _preventing_ him from selling more doughnuts and coffee was the disproportionate amount of time ( _which_) it took to make change for his customers.: as´Â ÀÌÀ¯, ¿øÀÎÀÇ Á¾¼ÓÁ¢¼Ó»çÀÌ°í, ÇöÀçºÐ»ç preventingÀº ¾ÕÀÇ ¸í»ç the biggest bottleneckÀ» ¼ö½ÄÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. it ¾Õ¿¡ tookÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î°¡ µÇ´Â ¸ñÀû°Ý °ü°è´ë¸í»ç which°¡ »ý·«µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * vendor: ³ëÁ¡ »óÀÎ * passerby: ÅëÇàÀÎ(pl. passersby) * bottleneck: ¾Ö·Î »çÇ×, º´¸ñ * disproportionate: °úÀ×ÀÇ, ºÒ±ÕÇüÀÇ, ¾î¿ï¸®Áö ¾Ê´Â * larger-than-normal: Æò»ó½Ãº¸´Ù ¸¹Àº * make change: Àܵ·À» °Å½½·¯ ÁÖ´Ù 50ÂÊ ¸øÇÑ´Ù´Â °Íµµ »ç½ÇÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¿äûÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡ µÎ·Á¿öÇÏÁö ¸¶¶ó! ±â²¨ÀÌ µµ¿ÍÁÖ·Á´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¼ö(°¡ ¸¹´Ù´Â °Í)¿¡ ³î¶ö ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. (Çؼ³) »ç¶÷µéÀÌ °ÅÀý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µÎ·Á¿òÀ¸·Î ¿øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̳ª ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °ÍÀ» ¿äûÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù°í ¹Ýº¹ÀûÀ¸·Î ¸»ÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ÇൿÀ» ÀúÁöÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¨ç ¡®the fear of rejection(°ÅÀý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µÎ·Á¿ò)¡¯À̶ó°í ¸»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨è Àγ»½ÉÀÇ »ó½Ç ¨é ½Ã°£ÀÇ ºÎÁ· ¨ê Áö½ÄÀÇ °áÇÌ (±¸¹®) If you can accept NO for an answer, you can fearlessly ask for _whatever_ you need.: whatever´Â º¹ÇÕ°ü°è´ë¸í»ç·Î ask forÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î°¡ µÇ´Â ¸í»çÀýÀ» À̲ø¸ç, anything that(¡¦ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¹«¾ùÀ̵çÁö)ÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ °¡Áø´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * hold back ÀúÁö½ÃÅ°´Ù, ¹æÇØÇÏ´Ù * ask for ~À» ºÎŹ(¿äû)ÇÏ´Ù * raise ÀÓ±Ý Àλó * turn away °ÅÀýÇÏ´Ù, ¿Ü¸éÇÏ´Ù * fearlessly µÎ·Á¿ò ¾øÀÌ * willing to do ±â²¨ÀÌ ~ÇÏ´Â 49. Çؼ®: ¿ì¸®µé ´ëºÎºÐÀº ¿ë³³µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â °¨Á¤ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù°í ¹Ïµµ·Ï ±æ·¯Á® ¿Ô±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ¿ì¸®ÀÇ °¨Á¤À» ¾ï¾ÐÇÑ´Ù. ¾î¶² À̵éÀº ¸ðµç °¨Á¤Àº ¿ë³³µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù°í ¹è¿ü°í, ¶Ç ÇÑÆíÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ À̵éÀº ºÐ³ë³ª ¿ì´Â °Í°ú °°Àº ƯÁ¤ÇÑ °¨Á¤ÀÌ ¿ë³³µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù°í ¹è¿ü´Ù. »ç½Ç, ¾î¶°ÇÑ Á¾·ùÀÇ °¨Á¤¿¡µµ ÀüÇô À߸øµÈ °ÍÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. ´©±º°¡ ´ç½Å¿¡°Ô ½½ÆÛÇϰųª È­³»Áö ¸»¶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ±× ¶Ç´Â ±×³à´Â ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÑ ÀÏÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀº ´À³¢´Â °¨Á¤À» ºÎÀÎÇÒ ¼ö´Â ÀÖÁö¸¸, °¨Á¤ÀÌ ÀϾ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸·À» ¼ö´Â ¾ø´Ù. °¨Á¤ÀÌ Áö³ª°¡±â À§ÇØ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¸ðµç °ÍÀº ÀÎÁ¤µÇ°í ¹Þ¾Æµé¿©Áö´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Àڽſ¡°Ô³ª ŸÀο¡°Ô ¡®³­ È­°¡ ³­´Ù(ȤÀº ½½ÇÁ´Ù, ȤÀº µÎ·Æ´Ù)¡¯¶ó°í ¸»ÇÏ´Â °Í¸¸À¸·Îµµ ÁÁÀº Ãâ¹ßÀÌ´Ù. ÁÁÀº °ÍÀÌµç ³ª»Û °ÍÀ̵ç, ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °¨Á¤À» _Á¸ÁßÇϵµ·Ï_ Ç϶ó. (Çؼ³) °¨Á¤Àº ¾ï¾ÐÇϱ⺸´Ù ±×´ë·Î ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ°í ¹Þ¾Æµé¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÇ ±ÛÀ̹ǷÎ, ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î ¨é ¡®respect(Á¸ÁßÇÏ´Ù)¡¯°¡ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) _Just saying_ to yourself or someone ¡¦ _is_ a great start.: ´Ü¼ö·Î Ãë±ÞÇÏ´Â µ¿¸í»ç±¸ Just saying ~ÀÌ ¹®ÀåÀÇ ÁÖ¾îÀ̹ǷΠµ¿»çµµ ´Ü¼ö ÇüÅ is°¡ µÈ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * push down: ¾ï¾ÐÇÏ´Ù * bring up: ±â¸£´Ù, ¾çÀ°ÇÏ´Ù * unacceptable: ¿ë³³ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â * specific: ƯÁ¤ÇÑ, Ưº°ÇÑ * absolutely: ¿ÏÀüÈ÷, Á¤¸»·Î, (ºÎÁ¤¹®¿¡¼­) ÀüÇô * impossible: ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÑ (ÀÏ) * deny: ºÎÀÎÇÏ´Ù, ºÎÁ¤ÇÏ´Ù * stop A from -ing: A°¡ ~ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸·´Ù * acknowledge: ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ´Ù 50. Çؼ®: Àΰ£Àº ±×µéÀÇ È°µ¿À» ½ÅüÀûÀÎ ¿å±¸ ¸¸Á·°ú Àü¹ÝÀûÀÎ ÇູÀ» ÇâÇØ À¯µµÇÑ´Ù. °¡´ÉÇÒ ¶§¸¶´Ù, ±×µéÀº °íÅë, ±¾ÁÖ¸², ¼ö¸é¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿å±¸¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ½ÅüÀû °áÇÌÀ» ÃÊ·¡ÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Â »óȲÀ» ÇÇÇÑ´Ù. Çö´ëÀÇ ¸¹Àº ±¤°íµéÀÌ µÎÅë Ä¡·áÁ¦·ÎºÎÅÍµç °í±Þ À½½ÄÀ¸·ÎºÎÅ͵ç ȤÀº ÇüÅ À¯Áö ¸ÅÆ®¸®½º·ÎºÎÅ͵ç ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¸¸Á·À» ¾à¼ÓÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, »ç¶÷Àº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °áÇÌ Áß ¾î¶² °Íµµ ÀϽÃÀûÀ¸·Î °ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¸¸¾à _±Ã±ØÀûÀÎ ¸¸Á·_ÀÌ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¹Ï´Â´Ù¸é, Àá½Ã µ¿¾È ÀÚ½ÅÀ» Çã¿ëÄ¡ ¾Ê´Â »óȲ¿¡ ¾Ë°íµµ óÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ìÁÖºñÇà»ç°¡ Ȥµ¶ÇÑ ÈÆ·Ã ±â°£À» ±â²¨ÀÌ °Þ°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ¸¶À½Àº, ÀÓ¹« ¼öÇà ³¡¿¡ ¿Ã °Å¶ó°í ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â Å« ÈÞ½ÄÀÇ °üÁ¡¿¡¼­ ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑ ºÎºÐÀûÀ¸·Î ¼³¸í °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. (Çؼ³) Àΰ£ÀÌ °íÀÇ·Î ½ÅüÀû °áÇÌÀ» °Þ´Â »óȲÀ» ¼³¸íÇÑ ±Û·Î, Àΰ£Àº µÇµµ·ÏÀÌ¸é ½ÅüÀû °áÇÌÀ» ÇÇÇÏ·Á°í ÇÏÁö¸¸, ÈÄ¿¡ ¸¸Á·ÀÌ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ̶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÏ¸é °íÀÇ·Î ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ½ÅüÀû °áÇÌÀ» °ÞÀ» ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù´Â Á¡À» ¿ìÁÖºñÇà»çÀÇ ¿¹¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¼³¸íÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨é ¡®ultimate satisfaction(±Ã±ØÀûÀÎ ¸¸Á·)¡¯ÀÌ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) They avoid, _whenever (it is) possible_, situations that may bring about physical deprivation, including pain, hunger, and a need for sleep.: whenever ´ÙÀ½¿¡ it is°¡ »ý·«µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. °ü¿ëÀûÀ¸·Î ºÎ»çÀý¿¡¼­ 'it£«beµ¿»ç'¸¦ Á¾Á¾ »ý·«ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * satisfaction: ¸¸Á· * want: ¿å±¸, ÇÊ¿ä * bring about: ÃÊ·¡ÇÏ´Ù * deprivation: ¹ÚÅ», ºÎÁ·, ±ÃÇÌ * temporarily: Àá½Ã * knowingly: ¾Ë¸é¼­µµ, °íÀÇ·Î * deprive: ¹ÚÅ»ÇÏ´Ù, »©¾Ñ´Ù * willingness: ±â²¨ÀÌ ÇÏ´Â ¸¶À½ * intense: Ȥµ¶ÇÑ, ±ØµµÀÇ * in terms of: ~ÀÇ °üÁ¡¿¡¼­ 51ÂÊ ±¸¸ÅÇÏ°í Àü½ÃÇÏ´Â ¼ÒºñÀÚµéÀº ¿¹¼ú ÀÛÇ°ÀÌ ´ëÁß¹®È­ÀÇ ÇÑ ¾ÆÀÌÅÛÀ¸·Î¼­ ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ÀÌ¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, ±×°Í¿¡ °¡Ä¡¸¦ ºÎ¿©ÇÑ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¿¹¼ú ÀÛÇ°ÀÇ °¡Ä¡´Â ±×°ÍÀÇ µ¶Æ¯ÇÔ»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â º¹Á¦Ç°À¸·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â µ¥¼­ ³ª¿Â´Ù°í ÇßÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î ¨ë ¡®popular consumption(´ëÁßÀûÀÎ ¼Òºñ)¡¯ÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ç ¿¹¼ú ±³À° ¨è ¿¹¼ú°¡µéÀÇ »ó»ó·Â ¨é ¹®È­Àû ´Ù¾ç¼º (±¸¹®) ¡¦ the value of the original results _not only_ from its uniqueness _but_ from its being the source from which reproductions are made.: 'not only A but also B' ±¸¹®¿¡¼­ also´Â Á¾Á¾ »ý·«µÇ±âµµ ÇÑ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * fine art: ¹Ì¼úÇ°, ¿¹¼ú * valued: ±ÍÁßÇÑ * reproduce: º¹Á¦ÇÏ´Ù * endlessly: ²÷ÀÓ¾øÀÌ * postcard: ¿±¼­ * original: ¿øÈ­, ¿ø¹® * uniqueness: µ¶Æ¯ÇÔ * reproduction: Àç»ý, º¹Á¦ * purchase: ±¸ÀÔÇÏ´Ù * display: Àü½ÃÇÏ´Ù * available: ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â 52. Çؼ®: ³Ê¹«³ª Ä¿¼­ ³³µæÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °Íµé¿¡ Á÷¸éÇÒ ¶§, ¿ì¸®´Â _°æÇè¿¡´Ù Áö½ÄÀ» µ¡ºÙ¿©_ ±×°ÍµéÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÑ´Ù. ¾îµÎ¿öÁö´Â Àú³á Çϴÿ¡¼­ ºû³ª´Â º°ÀÇ Ã¹ ¸ð½ÀÀº ´ç½ÅÀÌ º¸´Â °ÍÀ», ±× º°ÀÌ ´ÜÁö ÀºÇÏ°èÀÇ 2õ¾ï °³ÀÇ º°µé Áß °¡Àå °¡±î¿î º°µé Áß Çϳª¶ó´Â °Í°ú ±×°ÍÀÇ ºûÀÌ ¼ö½Ê ³â Àü¿¡ À̵¿Çϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇß´Ù´Â µÎ °¡Áö »ç½Ç°ú °áÇÕ½ÃÅ°¸é ´ç½ÅÀ» ¿ìÁÖ ¹ÛÀ¸·Î µ¥·Á°¥ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¬·á¸¦ º¸±ÞÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¸ØÃß´Â µ¿¾È¿¡ ÀÚµ¿Â÷ÀÇ ¿¬·á ÅÊÅ© ¾ÈÀ¸·Î µé¾î°¡´Â ÈÖ¹ßÀ¯ÀÇ ³¿»õ´Â, ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­ ¸ÅÀÏ °ÅÀÇ 10¾ï °¶·±ÀÇ ¿øÀ¯°¡ Á¤Á¦µÇ°í »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù´Â »ç½Ç°ú °áÇÕÀÌ µÉ ¶§, ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »ó»ó·ÂÀº ¿¡³ÊÁö ¹«¿ª°ú Á¤Ä¡ÀÇ °Å´ëÇÑ ±¹Á¦ÀûÀÎ ¿¬°á¸ÁÀ¸·Î ÆÛÁ® ³ª°¥ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¹ãÇÏ´ÃÀÇ º°À» º¸´Â °æÇè¿¡´Ù º°¿¡ °ü·ÃµÈ Áö½ÄÀ» ´õÇØ °Å´ëÇÑ ¿ìÁÖ¸¦ ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, ÀÚµ¿Â÷¿¡ ±â¸§À» ä¿ì´Â °æÇè°ú ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­ ¸ÅÀÏ 10¾ï °¶·±ÀÇ ¿øÀ¯°¡ Á¤Á¦µÇ°í »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» °áÇÕÇÏ¸é ¿¡³ÊÁö ¹«¿ª°ú Á¤Ä¡±îÁö »ç°íÀÇ ÆøÀ» ³ÐÈú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀ̹ǷÎ, ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨ë ¡®adding knowledge to the experience(°æÇè¿¡´Ù Áö½ÄÀ» µ¡ºÙÀÓ)¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ç Áö¿ªÀûÀÎ Á¤º¸¸ÁÀ» È®¸³ÇÔ ¨è ÇÑ ±¹°¡ÀÇ ¿¡³ÊÁö Á¤Ã¥À» ÀÌÇØÇÔ ¨é ¿ìÁÖ¸¦ Àΰ£°ú ºñ±³ÇÔ (±¸¹®) _The smell_ of gasoline going into a car's tank ~, when ¡¦ in the United States, _can allow_ ~.: ¹®ÀåÀÇ ÁÖ¾î´Â The smellÀÌ°í µ¿»ç´Â can allowÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * sense: ¾Ë¾Æä´Ù, °¨ÁöÇÏ´Ù * comprehend: ÀÌÇØÇÏ´Ù * combine A with B: A¸¦ B¿Í °áÇÕ½ÃÅ°´Ù * galaxy: ÀºÇÏ°è * refuel: ¿¬·á¸¦ ÁÖÀÔÇÏ´Ù * refine: Á¤Á¦ÇÏ´Ù * vast: ¹æ´ëÇÑ * global: ±¹Á¦ÀûÀÎ * trade: ¹«¿ª 53. Çؼ®: ¿¬±ØÀ» º¸´Â °ÍÀº ÀüÀÚÁ¦Ç°ÀÇ ¿ï¸²À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¸Å¿ì °Ý¸®µÈ °Íó·³ º¸ÀÌ´Â ¼¼»óÀ¸·Î ¹ßÀ» µé¿© ³õ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¹°·Ð ÀÌ°ÍÀº ±ØÀå¿¡ °¡´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×µéÀÇ ÈÞ´ëÆùÀ» ÀØÁö ¾Ê°í ²ö´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» °¡Á¤ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, °í¾ç½ÃÀÇ ÇÑ ±ØÀå¿¡¼­´Â ¹«´ë °¨µ¶µéÀÌ Ã»Áß¿¡°Ô ±×µéÀÇ ÀüÈ­¸¦ ÄÑ ³õµµ·Ï ¿äûÇØ¿Ô´Ù. °ø¿¬ Áß¿¡, ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×µéÀÇ ÈÞ´ëÆùÀ» ²¨³»¼­, ÀüÈ­¸¦ °É¾î ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿¡ Á¢¼ÓÇØ, ±×µéÀÇ ÈÞ´ëÆù Å°Æе带 »ç¿ëÇØ ¹«´ë µÚÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸°¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÆÛÁñ Á¶°¢µéÀÇ À̵¿À» Áö½ÃÇϵµ·Ï ¿äû¹Þ´Â´Ù. ¾î¶² ¶§´Â ÀÎÅͳÝÀ» ÅëÇØ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÁÖ¹æ°ú ¿¬°áµÈ Æò¹üÇÑ Áֺΰ¡ ½ºÅ©¸°¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³ª ¹«´ë À§ÀÇ ¹è¿ìµé°ú ½Ç½Ã°£À¸·Î »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ 50ºÐÂ¥¸® ÀÛÇ°Àº _°¡Àå ÃÖ½ÅÀÇ µðÁöÅÐ ±â¼ú_°ú ½ÇÁ¦ÀÇ ¹è¿ìµé°ú ûÁßµé°ú ¹«´ë¸¦ °áÇÕ½ÃŲ´Ù. (Çؼ³) °ü°´ÀÌ ÈÞ´ëÆùÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇØ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿¡ Á¢¼ÓÇÏ¿© °ø¿¬¿¡ Á÷Á¢ Âü°¡Çϰųª, Áֹ濡 ÀÖ´Â Áֺΰ¡ ÀÎÅͳÝÀ» ÅëÇØ ¹«´ëÀÇ ½ºÅ©¸°¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³ª ¹è¿ìµé°ú ½Ç½Ã°£À¸·Î »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÀ» ÇÑ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¨ç ¡®the latest digital technology(°¡Àå ÃÖ½ÅÀÇ µðÁöÅÐ ±â¼ú)¡¯¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ½À» Ãß·ÐÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¨è ÃÖ°íÀÇ ¿ª»ç ÀÌ·Ð ¨é °¡Àå ¿À·¡µÈ ¿¬±ØÀÇ ¿ª»ç ¨ê °¡Àå ÀÏ»óÀûÀÎ °¡Á¤ÀÏ (±¸¹®) ¡¦ everybody is expected _to take_ out their mobiles, _call_ into a computer, and _using their keypads, direct_ the movements of puzzle pieces ~.: to take ~, call~, direct·Î ¿¬°áµÈ º´·Ä ±¸Á¶À̸ç, using their keypads´Â ºÐ»ç±¸¹®ÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * removed: ¶³¾îÁø, °Ý¸®µÈ * beep: »à ¼Ò¸®¸¦ ³»´Ù * assume: °¡Á¤ÇÏ´Ù * theatergoer: ±ØÀå¿¡ °¡´Â »ç¶÷ * beg: °£Ã»ÇÏ´Ù * performance: °ø¿¬, ¼öÇà * keypad: (ÀüÈ­±âÀÇ)Å°Æеå * via: ~À» ÅëÇÏ¿© * interact: »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÀ» ÇÏ´Ù 52ÂÊ 54. Çؼ®: ¿ì¸®´Â ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô µé¾î¿À´Â ¸ðµç Á¤º¸¸¦ ÀÚ±âÁß½ÉÀûÀ¸·Î Çؼ®ÇÏ´Â Á¸ÀçÀÌ´Ù. ¾î¶² ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ¼ø°£¿¡ ¿ì¸®´Â ¿ì¸®µé Àڽſ¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ °üÁ¡, ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÁÖÀÇ ±×¸®°í ƯÁ¤ÇÑ »óȲ¿¡¼­ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ °¨Á¤ÀûÀÎ »óÅ¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇØ ÇöÀç À¯ÀԵǴ Á¤º¸ÀÇ ´ÜÁö ÇÑ °¡Áö Ãø¸é¿¡¸¸ ÁÖ¸ñÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ³ªÁß¿¡, ¿ì¸®´Â À¯»çÇÑ Á¤º¸°¡ À¯À﵃ ¶§ ±×°ÍÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ Ãø¸éµéÀ» ÁÖ¸ñÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®ÇÏ¿©, µÎ ¹ø° ¼ø°£À» ±â¾ïÇس»·Á´Â ½Ãµµ°¡ ¿ø·¡ ¼ø°£ÀÇ ±â¾ï°ú È¥µ¿µÉ ¶§, ¿ì¸®ÀÇ µÎ³ú´Â ¿ø·¡ »óȲ°ú µÎ ¹ø° ¼ø°£ ¸ðµÎÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ Ãø¸éµéÀ» ÃëÇÑ ²Ù¹Î À̾߱⸦ ¸¸µé¾î³»±â ½ÃÀÛÇÑ´Ù. µÎ °¡Áö »ç°ÇÀ» ÀÏÁ¾ÀÇ ±â¾ï ÇÕ¼º¹° ¼Ó¿¡´Ù µÎ±â ½ÃÀÛÇϸ鼭, °©Àڱ⠿츮´Â µÎ »ç°ÇÀ» È¥µ¿ÇÑ´Ù. ½½ÇÁ°Ôµµ, _Á¤È®ÇÑ ±â¾ï_À̶õ ÇϳªÀÇ ÀÌ»óÀ̸ç, Àΰ£ Á¶°ÇÀÇ ½Çü°¡ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. (Çؼ³) ±ÛÀÇ Àü¹ÝºÎ¿¡¼­ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ±â¾ïÀÌ È¥µ¿µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀÌÀ¯¿Í °úÁ¤À» ¼³¸íÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ¸¶Áö¸· ºÎºÐ¿¡¼­ ¨ê ¡®accurate memories(Á¤È®ÇÑ ±â¾ï)¡¯¶õ ÀÌ»óÀÌÁö ½ÇÁ¦·Î Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó°í °á·ÐÀ» ³»¸± ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¨ç ÆòÈ­·Î¿î °¨Á¤ ¨è ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ¼º°Ý ¨é °­ÇÑ µ¿±â ºÎ¿© (±¸¹®) ¡¦ when an attempt _to recall_ the second moment is confused ~, our brain starts _to create_ a tale _to takein_ different aspects ~.: to recallÀº attempt¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â Çü¿ë»çÀû ¿ë¹ý, to create´Â startsÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î°¡ µÇ´Â ¸í»çÀû ¿ë¹ý, ±×¸®°í to take inÀº a taleÀ» ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â Çü¿ë»çÀû ¿ë¹ýÀÇ toºÎÁ¤»çÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * self-centered: ÀÚ±âÁß½ÉÀûÀÎ * interpreter: Çؼ® * note: ÁÖ¸ñÇÏ´Ù * current: ÇöÀçÀÇ * specific: ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀÎ * similar: À¯»çÇÑ * take in: ~À» Æ÷ÇÔ(Æ÷°ý)ÇÏ´Ù * original: ¿ø·¡ÀÇ * episode ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ »ðÈ­ÀûÀÎ »ç°Ç * mixture: È¥ÇÕ¹° 55. 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(±¸¹®) ¡¦ people can _be made to believe_ that they once went on a non-existent trip in a hot-air balloon ~.: 'ÁÖ¾î+»ç¿ªµ¿»çmake+¸ñÀû¾î+¿øÇüºÎÁ¤»ç' ±¸¹®ÀÇ ¼öµ¿Å´ 'ÁÖ¾î(´Éµ¿ÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î)+be made+toºÎÁ¤»ç'°¡ µÈ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * deceiver: ¼ÓÀÌ´Â »ç¶÷ * investigate: Á¶»çÇÏ´Ù * illusionist: ¿ä¼ú»ç, ȯ»ó°¡ * participate in: ~¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÏ´Ù * accuracy: Á¤È®¼º * suggestion: ¾Ï½Ã, Á¦½Ã * hot-air balloon: ¿­±â±¸ * manipulate: Á¶ÀÛÇÏ´Ù * perception: Áö°¢(ÀÛ¿ë) 56. Çؼ®: ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ »çȸ¿¡¼­´Â ³ôÀº ÁöÀ§°¡ ȹµæÇϱ⠾ÆÁÖ ¾î·Á¿î °ÍÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ¾úÀ»Áö ¸ð¸£Áö¸¸, ±×°ÍÀº ¶ÇÇÑ À§¾ÈÀÌ µÇ°Ô Àұ⵵ ¾î·Á¿ü´Ù. ÁÖÀÎÀ̱⸦ ±×¸¸µÎ´Â °ÍÀº, ´õ ¾îµÓ°Ô´Â, ÇÏÀÎÀ̱⸦ ¹þ¾î³ª´Â °Í¸¸Å­À̳ª ¾î·Á¿ü´Ù. Áß¿äÇß´ø °ÍÀº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ´É·ÂÀ» ¹ßÈÖÇØ Æò»ý µ¿¾È¿¡ ¼ºÃëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¾î¶² °ÍÀ̶ó±âº¸´Ù´Â ±×µéÀÇ Ãâ»ý ½ÅºÐÀ̾ú´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, Çö´ë »çȸÀÇ Å« ¿­¸ÁÀº ÀÌ·± ¹æÁ¤½ÄÀ» ¿ªÀü½ÃÄÑ ¿Ô´Ù. 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(¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * blank: ÅÖ ºó, ¹éÁöÀÇ * set ¡¦ in motion: ~À» ¿òÁ÷ÀÌ°Ô ÇÏ´Ù * be caught in: ~¿¡ °É¸®´Ù * convince: ³³µæ½ÃÅ°´Ù * first draft: (¿ø°íÀÇ) ÃÊ°í * revision: ¼öÁ¤, ±³Á¤ * polish: ´Ùµë´Ù, À±À» ³»´Ù * pursue: Ãß±¸ÇÏ´Ù 59. Çؼ®: »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÆÄÇǷ罺ó·³ ÆîÃÄÁö´Â °Íº¸´Ù ³Ñ°ÜÁú ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÆäÀÌÁö¸¦ °¡Áø Ã¥À» Á¦º»Çϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇßÀ» ¶§, _Á¤º¸ÀÇ À§Ä¡¸¦ ã¾Æ³»´Â_ °úÁ¤ÀÌ º¯Çß´Ù. ÀÌÁ¦ µ¶ÀÚ´Â º»¹®¿¡¼­ ½±°Ô µÚ·Î °¡¼­ ¿¹Àü¿¡ ÀÐÀº ±¸ÀýÀ» ã°Å³ª µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ÀÛÇ°ÀÇ ¸Ö¸® ¶³¾îÁ® ÀÖ´Â ºÎºÐ »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ ÀÌ°ÍÀú°Í ã¾Æº¼ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ÇϳªÀÇ ±â¼úÀû º¯È­·Î ÀÎÇØ, ¾ÕµÚ ÂüÁ¶°¡ °¡´ÉÇØÁ³°í ¹Ý¸é¿¡ Ã¥À» ¼ÒÀåÇϱ⿡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¹°¸®Àû °ø°£ÀÌ ±Þ°ÝÇÏ°Ô ÁÙ¾îµé¾ú´Ù. »öÀÎÀÌ °¡´ÉÇØÁø °Íó·³ ÆäÀÌÁö ¼ö¸¦ ¸Å±â´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡´ÉÇØÁ³´Ù. ¸ñÂ÷Ç¥°¡ ÂüÁ¶ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â »çÇ×ÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. (Çؼ³) ³Ñ±â´Â Ã¥À» Á¦º»ÇÏ´Â ±â¼úÀÌ µµÀԵǸ鼭, Ã¥ÀÇ ¾ÕµÚ·Î °¡¼­ ¿¹Àü¿¡ ÀÐÀº ±¸ÀýÀ» ã°Å³ª ¸Ö¸® ¶³¾îÁ® ÀÖ´Â ºÎºÐ »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ ÀÌ°ÍÀú°Í ã¾Æº¸´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡´ÉÇØÁ³´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀε¥, ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¨è ¡®locating information(Á¤º¸ÀÇ À§Ä¡¸¦ ã¾Æ³»´Â)¡¯ °úÁ¤ÀÌ º¯Çß´Ù°í ¸»ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¨ç ±â¼úÀ» ³²¿ëÇÏ´Â ¨é ¼­·ù¸¦ Á¦°ÅÇÏ´Â ¨ê ´Ü¾îÀÇ Ã¶ÀÚ¸¦ Àû´Â (±¸¹®) 54ÂÊ 'µ¿»ç£«ÁÖ¾î'ÀÇ ¾î¼øÀÌ µÈ´Ù. ex. He studies hard, _as does his sister_. (±×´Â ¿­½ÉÈ÷ °øºÎ¸¦ Çϴµ¥ ±×ÀÇ ´©À̵µ ¶ÇÇÑ ±×·¸´Ù.) (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * bind: ¹­´Ù * unroll: ÆîÄ¡´Ù * browse: ÀÌ°ÍÀú°Í ã¾Æº¸´Ù * separate: ºÐ¸®½ÃÅ°´Ù * cross-reference: (ÇÑ Ã¥ ¾ÈÀÇ)¾ÕµÚ ÂüÁ¶ * house: ¼ö¿ëÇÏ´Ù * reduce: ÁÙ´Ù * index: »öÀÎ, ã¾Æº¸±â * contents: ¸ñÂ÷, ³»¿ë * workable: ¿î¿ë °¡´ÉÇÑ, ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â 60. Çؼ®: Á¾Á¾ Ä£±¸µé°úÀÇ °¡Àå ÁÁÀº ÀÇ»ç¼ÒÅëÀÇ ÇüÅ´ ³î¶ø°Ôµµ _ħ¹¬_ÀÌ´Ù. ¿ìÁ¤À̶õ ¿ì¸®°¡ ¸»ÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡ °üÇÑ °ÍÀÏ »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ÈξÀ ´õ Áß¿äÇÏ°Ô´Â ¸»ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ ¿ìÁ¤Àº ¡®Á¤º¸¡¯°¡ ¸»ÀÌ ¾øÀÌ Àü´ÞµÉ ¶§ »ý±ä´Ù. ¿äÁ¡Àº °£Á¢ÀûÀ¸·Î, ¡®Çà°£À¸·Î(¾Ï¾Ï¸®¿¡)¡¯ °¡´ÉÇÑ ÇÑ ¸¹ÀÌ Àü´ÞÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯ÇÑ ¡®¼Ò±ØÀûÀΡ¯ ÀÇ»ç¼ÒÅëÀÌ Áß¿äÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯´Â ±×°ÍÀÌ Àû±ØÀûÀÎ ÀÇ»ç¼ÒÅ뺸´Ù ´õ Å« Ä£¹Ð°¨À» ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÁÖ´Â »ç¶÷°ú ¹Þ´Â »ç¶÷ »çÀÌÀÇ °Å¸®°¡ ´õ Å©¸é Ŭ¼ö·Ï Á÷Á¢¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇÊ¿ä´Â ´õ Ä¿Áø´Ù. µÑ ¶Ç´Â ´õ ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¾öû³­ ¾çÀ» °øÀ¯ÇÒ ¶§¸¸ ´ÜÁö ÈξÀ ´õ °æÁ¦ÀûÀÌ°í ¼Ò±ØÀûÀÎ ÀÇ»ç¼ÒÅëÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¿ìÁ¤À̶õ ¸»ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ÍÀ̱⵵ Çϸç, Á¤º¸°¡ ¸»ÀÌ ¾øÀÌ Àü´ÞµÉ ¶§ ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ ¿ìÁ¤ÀÌ »ý±â¸ç, ´õ Å« Ä£¹Ð°¨À» ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÏ´Â ¡®¼Ò±ØÀûÀΡ¯ ÀÇ»ç¼ÒÅëÀÇ Á߿伺À» °­Á¶ÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î ¨ç ¡®silence(ħ¹¬)¡¯°¡ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) _The reason (why)_ such ¡®negative¡¯ communication _is_ important is that it requires ~.: ¹®ÀåÀÇ ÁÖ¾î´Â The reasonÀÌ°í µÚ¿¡ °ü°èºÎ»ç why°¡ »ý·«µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, µ¿»ç´Â isÀÌ´Ù (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * convey: Àü´ÞÇÏ´Ù * absence: ºÎÀç * between the lines: ¾Ï¾Ï¸®¿¡, °£Á¢ÀûÀ¸·Î * directness: Á÷Á¢¼º * enormous: ¾öû³­ * economical: °æÁ¦ÀûÀÎ * take place: ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Ù 61. Çؼ®: 16¼¼±â ÇÁ¶û½º ¼öÇÊ°¡ÀÎ Michel de Montaigne´Â ´ëÈ­¸¦ ÁÁ¾ÆÇß´Ù. ±×´Â ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ¡°³» ÃëÇâÀ¸·Î º¸¾Æ, °¡Àå º¸¶÷ ÀÖ°í ÀÚ¿¬½º·¯¿î ¿ì¸® Á¤½ÅÀÇ ¿îµ¿Àº ´ëÈ­ÀÌ´Ù. ³ª´Â ´ëÈ­ÀÇ ¿¬½ÀÀÌ ¿ì¸® »î¿¡¼­ °¡Àå Áñ°Å¿î È°µ¿À̶ó°í ¿©±ä´Ù.¡± Montaigne¿¡ µû¸£¸é ¡°Ã¥À» °øºÎÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾àÇÑ Á¤½ÅÀû È°µ¿ÀÌÁö¸¸, ´ëÈ­´Â °¡¸£Ä§°ú ¿îµ¿À» µ¿½Ã¿¡ Á¦°øÇØ ÁØ´Ù.¡± Montaigne´Â ´ëÈ­¸¦ ±×ÀÇ Á¤½ÅÀ» Çâ»ó½ÃÄÑ ÁÖ´Â _ÁöÀûÀÎ ½ºÆ÷Ã÷ °æ±â_·Î »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù. ¡°¸¸¾à ³»°¡ °­ÇÏ°í ±»°ÇÇÑ »ó´ë¿Í ½Î¿ì°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ±×´Â ³ª¸¦ °ø°ÝÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×ÀÇ »ý°¢Àº ³» »ý°¢À» ºñ»óÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. ´ëÇ×°ú °æÀï·Â°ú ¿µ±¤Àº ³ª¸¦ ¸ô¾ÆºÙ¿© ³» ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¼öÁØ À§·Î ¿Ã·Á ÁÙ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Á¤½ÅÀº ¿ªµ¿ÀûÀÌ°í Áú¼­°¡ ÀâÈù Á¤½Å°úÀÇ Á¢ÃËÀ¸·Î °­È­µÈ´Ù.¡± (Çؼ³) ºóÄ­ ¾Õ°ú µÚ¿¡¼­ Montaigne°¡ ´ëÈ­¿¡ °üÇÏ¿© ÇÑ ¸»¿¡¼­ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»À» Ãß·ÐÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. If I am fighting with a strong and solid opponent ~, Rivalry, competitiveness and glory¶ó´Â °Í¿¡¼­ ºóÄ­¿¡ ¨ë ¡®an intellectual sporting event(ÁöÀûÀÎ ½ºÆ÷Ã÷ °æ±â)¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÔÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¨ç ±ÔÄ¢ÀûÀÎ ¸í»ó ¨è ¿ì¿¬ÇÑ ¹ß°ß ¨é È¿À²ÀûÀÎ ÇöÀå ÇнÀ (±¸¹®) I find _the practice of it_ the most delightful activity in our lives.: the practice of itÀÌ µ¿»ç findÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾îÀÌ°í the ¡¦ lives°¡ ¸ñÀû°Ýº¸¾îÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * essayist: ¼öÇÊ°¡ * fruitful: º¸¶÷ ÀÖ´Â * all at once: µ¿½Ã¿¡, ÇѲ¨¹ø¿¡ * soar: ³ôÀÌ ¼Ú´Ù * rivalry: °æÀï, ´ëÇ× * competitiveness: °æÀï·Â * well-ordered: Áú¼­°¡ ÀâÈù 62. Çؼ®: ´ç½ÅÀÌ À¯·´¿¡¼­ ÈÞ°¡¸¦ º¸³»°í ÀÖµçÁö, Ç÷θ®´Ù¿¡¼­ °Ü¿ïÀ» º¸³»°í ÀÖµçÁö, ȤÀº ´ÜÁö ÁÖ¸» µ¿¾È Ä£±¸ÀÇ ÁýÀ» ¹æ¹®ÇÏ°í ÀÖµçÁö °£¿¡, ¼º°øÀûÀÎ ¿©ÇàÀº ÁüÀ» Àß ²Ù¸®´Â °Í¿¡ ´Þ·Á ÀÖ´Ù. ¸ñÀûÁö¿¡ µµÂøÇؼ­ Ä©¼Ö, Àá¿Ê, Áß¿äÇÑ ÀǾàÇ°, ¶Ç´Â ¿©Çà¿ë ¼­·ù¸¦ ³öµÎ°í ¿Ô´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÇ´Â °Íº¸´Ù ´õ Àý¸Á½º·¯¿î ÀÏÀº ¾ø´Ù. ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î ÁüÀ» ²Ù¸®´Â °ÍÀº ¸ñÀûÁö¿¡¼­ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ°Ô µÉ Ưº°ÇÑ Ç°¸ñµé »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ÀÏ»ó»ýÈ°¿¡¼­ º¸Åë ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ±â¾ïÇس»¾ß ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÑ´Ù. ºÒÇàÇÏ°Ôµµ ¿ì¸®µéÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀº ¸¶Áö¸· ¼ø°£¿¡ ÁüÀ» ²Ù¸®°í, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Á¾·ùÀÇ ½ºÆ®·¹½º°¡ ±â¾ï·ÂÀ» ¹æÇØÇÏ¿©, ÇÊ¿äÇÒÁöµµ ¸ð¸£´Â ¹º°¡¸¦ _¸Á°¢ÇÏ´Â_ °¡´É¼ºÀ» Áõ°¡½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¼º°øÀûÀÎ ¿©ÇàÀº ¿©ÇàÁö¿¡¼­ ÇÊ¿äÇÒ Æ¯º°ÇÑ °Íµé°ú ÇÔ²² ÀÏ»ó»ýÈ°¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¹°°ÇÀ» ÀØÁö ¾Ê°í ì°Ü¼­ ÁüÀ» ²Ù¸®´Â °ÍÀ̶ó°í ÀüÁ¦ÇÑ ÈÄ, ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×·¸Áö ¸øÇÏ´Ù´Â Á¡À» ¸¶Áö¸· ºÎºÐ¿¡¼­ ÁöÀûÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨ë ¡®forgetting(¸Á°¢ÇÏ´Â)¡¯ÀÌ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) 55ÂÊ (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * vacation: ÈÞ°¡¸¦ º¸³»´Ù * frustrate: ÁÂÀý½ÃÅ°´Ù, ½Ç¸Á½ÃÅ°´Ù * destination: ¸ñÀûÁö, Ç༱Áö * leave behind: ÀØ°í ¿À´Ù, µÚ¿¡ ³²±â´Ù * pajamas: Àá¿Ê * medication: ¾à(¹°) * interfere with: ~À» ¹æÇØÇÏ´Ù 63. Çؼ®: ³ª´Â ¾î¶»°Ô °ü¸®ÀÚ°¡ µÇ´Â ¹ýÀ» ¹è¿ï ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î? ÀÌ Áú¹®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ä£¼÷ÇÑ ´ë´äÀº °ü¸®ÀÚµéÀº °æÇèÀ» ÅëÇØ ¹è¿î´Ù°í ¸»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª °æÇ踸ÀÌ °ü¸®ÀÚ°¡ µÇ´Â °¡Àå ÁÁÀº ¹æ¹ýÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î? ¸î¸î ÀÛ°¡µéÀº ÀÌ ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀڽŵéÀÇ ÀDZ¸½ÉÀ» Ç¥ÇöÇß´Ù. Oscar Wilde´Â ¡®°æÇèÀº ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×µéÀÇ ½Ç¼ö¿¡ ºÎ¿©ÇÏ´Â À̸§ÀÌ´Ù.¡¯¶ó°í ¾ð±ÞÇß´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¿ª»çÇÐÀÚ Froude´Â ¡®°æÇèÀº õõÈ÷ ±×¸®°í ½Ç¼ö¶ó´Â ºñ¿ëÀ¸·Î °¡¸£Ä£´Ù.¡¯¶ó°í ½è´Ù. °æÇèÀ̶õ °³¼±À» À§ÇÑ ÇʼöÀûÀÎ ÇнÀ ¹æ¹ýÀÌÁö¸¸ _ºÒ¿ÏÀüÇÑ_ µµ±¸ÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ¶ÇÇÑ ½Ç¼ö·ÎºÎÅÍ ¹è¿ì°í, ¹Ì·¡¿¡ ±×°ÍµéÀ» Á» ´õ Àß ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ¿ì¸®¸¦ µµ¿ÍÁÙ ÈǸ¢ÇÑ °ü¸®ÀڷκÎÅÍÀÇ Áöµµµµ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. (Çؼ³) But can experience alone be the best way to be a manager?¶ó´Â Áú¹®À» ´øÁö¸é¼­ Oscar Wilde¿Í FroudeÀÇ ¸»À» ÀοëÇÏ¿© ÈǸ¢ÇÑ °ü¸®ÀÚ°¡ µÇ±â À§Çؼ­´Â °æÇ踸À¸·Î´Â ºÒÃæºÐÇÏ´Ù°í ¼³¸íÇÏ´Â ±ÛÀ̹ǷÎ, ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨ë ¡®imperfect(ºÒ¿ÏÀüÇÑ)¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) ¡¦ will help us _to learn_ from mistakes and _make_ better use of them in the future.: helpÀÇ ¸ñÀû°Ýº¸¾î·Î to learn°ú make°¡ and·Î ¿¬°áµÈ º´·Ä ±¸Á¶ÀÌ´Ù. helpÀÇ ¸ñÀû°Ýº¸¾î·Î´Â '(to£«)µ¿»ç¿øÇü'ÀÌ ¾²ÀδÙ. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * familiar: ³¸ÀÍÀº, Ä£¼÷ÇÑ * at the cost of: ~ÀÇ ´ë°¡·Î, ~ÀÇ ºñ¿ëÀ¸·Î * essential: ÇʼöÀûÀÎ * instrument: µµ±¸ * guidance: ¾È³», Áöµµ 64. Çؼ®: _ÀÏ»ó»ýÈ°¿¡¼­ ÀÚ¸³½É_À» ºñ±³Àû ¾ÆÁÖ Á¶±Ý¸¸ Áõ°¡½ÃÄѵµ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ÈξÀ ÇູÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé ¼ö ÀÖ°í ±×µéÀÇ »ý¸íÀ» ¿¬Àå½Ãų ¼ö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¹Ì±¹¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÀºÅðÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¸¶À»¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÀÇ»çµéÀÌ °ÅÁֹε鿡°Ô ÀڽŵéÀÇ ÀÏ»óÀûÀÎ »îÀÇ ¼¼ºÎ»çÇ×µéÀ» ½º½º·Î °áÁ¤Çϵµ·Ï °Ý·ÁÇßÀ» ¶§ ¸í¹éÇÏ°Ô µå·¯³µ´Ù. ±×µéÀº ÀڽŵéÀÇ ½Ä»ç¸¦ ´õ ÀÌ»ó ´ÜÁö ´ëÁ¢¹Þ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¸Þ´º¿¡¼­ ¼±ÅÃÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌÀü¿¡´Â °£È£ÀεéÀÌ ½Ä¹°µé¿¡°Ô ¹°À» ÁÖ¾úÁö¸¸, ³ëÀεéÀÌ ÀÌ ÀÏÀ» ½º½º·Î ¶°¸Ã¾Ò´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÛÀº º¯È­´Â ±âÀûÀ» ¸¸µé¾î ³Â´Ù. ³ëÀεéÀÌ ´ú ÀÚÁÖ ¾ÆÇÁ°Ô µÇ¾ú°í, ¸é´ã ½Ã¿¡ ´õ Å« ÇູÀ» Ç¥ÇöÇß´Ù. ¹«¾ùº¸´Ù °¡Àå µÎµå·¯Áø º¯È­´Â ¿¬°£ »ç¸Á·üÀÌ Àý¹ÝÀ¸·Î ÁÙ¾îµé¾ú´Ù´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. (Çؼ³) ÀÏ»ó»ýÈ°¿¡¼­ ¾ÆÁÖ ¼¼ºÎÀûÀÎ »çÇ×µé, Áï ½Ä»çÀÇ ¸Þ´º¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÏ°í ½Ä¹°µé¿¡°Ô ¹°À» Áִ åÀÓÀ» Á÷Á¢ ¶°¸Ã´Â °Í µîÀ» ½º½º·Î °áÁ¤À» ³»¸± ¼ö ÀÖÀ» ¶§ ÈξÀ ´õ ÇູÀ» ´À³¢°í ´õ ¿À·¡ »ì ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÇ ±ÛÀ̹ǷÎ, ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨ê ¡®independence in daily lives(Àϻ󿡼­ÀÇ ÀÚ¸³½É)¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ç º´¿ø ¹æ¹®Çϱ⠨è Á÷Àå¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¸¸Á· ¨é ÃÊ°ú ±Ù¹«¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º¸¼ö (±¸¹®) ¡¦ doctors in retirement villages in the United States _encouraged_ residents _to decide_ the details of their daily lives themselves.: 'encourage£«¸ñÀû¾î£«toºÎÁ¤»ç'´Â ¡®~¿¡°Ô ¡¦Çϵµ·Ï °Ý·ÁÇÏ´Ù¡¯ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * relatively: »ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Î, ºñ±³Àû * lengthen: ¿¬ÀåÇÏ´Ù * retirement: ÅðÁ÷ * resident: ÁÖ¹Î, °ÅÁÖÀÚ * previously: ÀÌÀü¿¡ * caretaker: µ¹º¸´Â »ç¶÷, °ü¸®ÀÎ * take over: ¶°¸Ã´Ù 56ÂÊ ^[04°­ ºóÄ­ Ãß·Ð ©è º»¹® 60~89ÂÊ 1. ¨ç 2. ¨é 3. ¨ê 4. ¨ç 5. ¨ë 6. ¨ë 7. ¨ê 8. ¨è 9. ¨ç 10. ¨é 11. ¨ë 12. ¨è 13. ¨è 14. ¨ë 15. ¨è 16. ¨ê 17. ¨è 18. ¨é 19. ¨ç 20. ¨ê 21. ¨ë 22. ¨ë 23. ¨é 24. ¨ê 25. ¨è 26. ¨ê 27. ¨ç 28. ¨ç 29. ¨è 30. ¨é 31. ¨ë 32. ¨ç 33. ¨ë 34. ¨ç 35. ¨ç 36. ¨é 37. ¨ç 38. ¨é 39. ¨è 40. ¨ç 41. ¨è 42. ¨ç 43. ¨è 44. ¨ë 45. ¨é 46. ¨ë 47. ¨è 48. ¨ë 49. ¨ê 50. ¨ç 51. ¨é 52. ¨è 53. ¨ç 54. ¨ç 55. ¨ê 56. ¨ê 57. ¨é 58. ¨ç 59. ¨ë 60. ¨ç 61. ¨è 1. Çؼ®: ¶§¶§·Î °í°´µéÀÌ ÇÑ ºÎºÐ¿¡¼­ ¼ºÃëÇÏ·Á°í ³ë·ÂÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç °á°ú´Â ´Ù¸¥ °á°úµé¿¡ ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ¿µÇâÀ» ³¢Ä£´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÏÀº ȸ»ç°¡ ¡®°í°´ÀÇ ¸ñ¼Ò¸®¡¯¿¡ ±Í ±â¿ïÀÌ´À¶ó ¹Ù»Ü ¶§ ¸Å¿ì ÈçÇÑ ÀÏÀÌ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ¼øȸ ÆǸſøµéÀº ´õ ÀÛÀº ÈÞ´ëÀüÈ­¸¦ ¿øÇÑ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÒÁö ¸ð¸£Áö¸¸, ±×·¯ÇÑ ÀÛÀº ÀüÈ­±â°¡ »ç¿ëÇϱ⠾󸶳ª ¾î·Á¿ïÁö´Â »ý°¢Çغ¸Áö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ»Áöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù. ¸ñ¼öµéÀº ´õ ¾î·Á¿î ¸î¸î ÀÛ¾÷µéÀ» Çس¾ ÈûÀÌ ´õ ÀÌ»ó ¾øÀ» °Å¶ó´Â »ç½ÇÀº »ý°¢Çغ¸Áöµµ ¾Ê°í °¡º­¿î µÕ±Ù ÅéÀ» ¿äûÇÒÁöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù. °í°´µéÀº »õ·Î¿î »óÇ°ÀÇ Æ¯Â¡À» ¿ä±¸ÇÒ ¶§ º¸Åë ´ÜÁö ÇÑ °¡Áö ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÇØ°áÇÏ´Â µ¥¿¡¸¸ ÁýÁßÇؼ­ ÀڽŵéÀÌ ¿ä±¸ÇÑ ÇØ°áÃ¥ÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô _´Ù¸¥ »óÇ°À̳ª ¼­ºñ½ºÀÇ ±â´É¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¥Áö_´Â »ý°¢ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »óȲ¿¡¼­ °í°´µéÀº »õ·Î¿î Ư¡À» ¿ä±¸ÇÏÁö¸¸, ÀڽŵéÀÇ Á¦¾È¿¡¼­ ÆÄ»ýµÈ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ±ú´Ý°Ô µÇ¸é °á°úÀûÀ¸·Î ÃÊ·¡µÈ »óÇ°À» °ÅºÎÇÑ´Ù. Áï, Ãß°¡µÈ Ư¡Àº ±×°ÍÀÌ ÀÏÀ¸Å² ¹®Á¦µé ¶§¹®¿¡ ¾µ¸ð¾øÀ½ÀÌ ¹àÇôÁö°Ô µÈ´Ù. (Çؼ³) °í°´ÀÌ ¿ä±¸Çϴ Ư¡À» »óÇ°¿¡ ¹Ý¿µÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì, °í°´Àº ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÑ °¡Áö ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÇØ°áÇÏ´Â µ¥¿¡¸¸ ÁýÁßÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ´Ù¸¥ »óÇ°À̳ª ¼­ºñ½º¿¡ ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÀÏÀ¸Å³ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀÌ ±ÛÀÇ ÁÖµÈ ³»¿ëÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº ¨ç ¡®impact other product or service functions(´Ù¸¥ »óÇ°À̳ª ¼­ºñ½ºÀÇ ±â´É¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¥Áö)¡¯ÀÌ´Ù. ¨è ȹ±âÀûÀÎ Á¦Ç°ÀÇ µµÀÔÀ» ´ÊÃâÁö ¨é ´Ù¸¥ °í°´µéÀÌ Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ ¿ä±¸¸¦ Çϵµ·Ï À¯µµÇÒÁö ¨ê ȸ»çµé »çÀÌ¿¡ °úµµÇÑ °æÀïÀ» À¯¹ßÇÒÁö (±¸¹®) ~, but they _may_ not _have thought_ about _how hard that tiny phone will be to use_.: 'may have£«°ú°ÅºÐ»ç'´Â °ú°Å »ç½ÇÀÇ ÃßÃøÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»¾î ¡®~ÇßÀ»Áöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù¡¯¸¦ ¶æÇÑ´Ù. how ¡¦ use´Â ÀüÄ¡»ç aboutÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î·Î »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â °£Á¢Àǹ®¹®Àε¥, how hard it will be to use that tiny phone¿¡¼­ toºÎÁ¤»çÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾îÀÎ that tiny phoneÀÌ ÀÌ °£Á¢Àǹ®¹®ÀÇ ÁÖ¾îÀÇ À§Ä¡·Î À̵¿ÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * outcome: °á°ú * carpenter: ¸ñ¼ö * lightweight: °¡º­¿î, °æ·®ÀÇ * saw: Åé * get through: ~À» ÇÏ´Ù(³¡³»´Ù) * feature: Ư»ö, Ư¡, Ư¼º * turn out: ~ÀÎ °ÍÀ¸·Î µå·¯³ª´Ù * worthless: °¡Ä¡ ¾ø´Â, ¾µ¸ð¾ø´Â * impact: ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡´Ù 2. Çؼ®: ÀηùÀÇ ¼º°øÀº °áÁ¤ÀûÀ¸·Î ¼ýÀÚ¿Í °ü°è¿¡ Á¿ìµÈ´Ù. ¸î¹é ¸íÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀº Á¤±³ÇÑ ±â¼úÀ» À¯ÁöÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. È£ÁÖ°¡ ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾Æ½Ã¾ÆÀÇ ÇؾÈÀ» µû¶ó µ¿ÂÊÀ¸·Î ¼¼·ÂÀ» ³ÐÇû´ø °³Ã´Àڵ鿡 ÀÇÇØ 45,000³â Àü¿¡ ½Ä¹ÎÁö·Î °³Ã´µÇ¾ú´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» µ¹ÀÌÄѺ¸ÀÚ. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÌÁÖÀÇ ¼±¹ß´ë´Â ¼ýÀÚ°¡ ¸Å¿ì Àû¾úÀ½¿¡ Ʋ¸²ÀÌ ¾ø°í ºñ±³Àû ÁüÀ» °¡º±°Ô Çؼ­ ´Ù³æÀ½¿¡ Ʋ¸²¾ø´Ù. ±×µéÀº È«Çظ¦ °Ç³Î ´ç½ÃÀÇ µ¿Á·µéÀÌ ÀÌ¿ë °¡´ÉÇß´ø ±â¼úÀÇ °ßº»¸¸À» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾úÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ±×µé(È£ÁÖ ¿øÁֹεé)ÀÇ ±â¼úÀÌ ºñ·Ï ±× µÚ·Î ¼öõ ³âÀÌ ³Ñ°Ô ²ÙÁØÈ÷ ¹ßÀüÇß°í Á¤±³ÇØÁ³Áö¸¸, ¿Ö È£ÁÖ ¿øÁֹεéÀÇ ±â¼ú¿¡´Â ±¸¼¼°èÀÇ ¸Å¿ì ¸¹Àº Ư¡µéÀÌ °á¿©µÇ¾î ÀÖ¾ú´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯¸¦ ¼³¸íÇØ ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, È°°ú Åõ¼®±â °°Àº ź¼º ¹«±â´Â ¾Ë·ÁÁöÁö ¾Ê¾Ò°í, È­´ö ¶ÇÇÑ ±×·¨´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ±×µéÀÌ ¡®¿ø½ÃÀû¡¯À̾ ¶Ç´Â ±×µéÀÌ Á¤½ÅÀûÀ¸·Î Åðº¸Çؼ­µµ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ±×µéÀÌ _´ÜÁö ±â¼úÀÇ ÀϺκи¸ °¡Áö°í µµÂøÇß°í,_ ±× ±â¼úµéÀ» ÈξÀ ´õ ¹ßÀü½ÃÅ°±â¿¡ ÃæºÐÈ÷ Á¶¹ÐÇÑ Àα¸¿Í ±×·Î ÀÎÇØ ÃæºÐÈ÷ °Å´ëÇÑ Áý´ÜÀûÀÎ ³ú¸¦ °®°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê¾Ò±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ÀηùÀÇ ¼º°øÀº ¼ýÀÚ¿Í °ü°è¿¡ Á¿ìµÈ´Ù°í Çϸ鼭 óÀ½ È£ÁÖ·Î ÀÌÁÖÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀº ±× ¼ýÀÚ°¡ ¸Å¿ì Àû¾ú°í, ±×µéÀÌ °¡Áö°í °£ ±â¼úÀº °ßº»¿¡ ºÒ°úÇ߱⠶§¹®¿¡ È£ÁÖ ¿øÁֹεéÀÇ ±â¼ú¿¡´Â ±¸¼¼°èÀÇ ±â¼úÀÌ °¡Áø ¸¹Àº Ư¡µéÀÌ °á¿©µÇ¾î ÀÖ¾ú´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÇ ±ÛÀ̹ǷÎ, ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº ¨é ¡®had arrived with only a subset of technologies(´ÜÁö ±â¼úÀÇ ÀϺκи¸ °¡Áö°í µµÂøÇß´Ù)¡¯ÀÌ´Ù. ¨ç ³Ê¹« ¹ÐÁ¢ÇÏ°Ô °ü·ÃÀ» ¸Î°í À־ »õ·Î¿î ±â¼úÀ» °³¹ßÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù ¨è ź¼º ¹«±â¸¦ °³¹ßÇÏ°í Á¤±³È­ÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡ ÁýÁßÇß´Ù ¨ê ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä« µ¿Á·µéÀÇ ±â¼úÀ» Çϳªµµ ¹°·Á¹ÞÁö ¸øÇß´Ù (±¸¹®) 57ÂÊ it developed and elaborated steadily over the ensuing millennia, was lacking in so many features of the Old World--~.: why ÀÌÇÏ´Â explainÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î·Î »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â °£Á¢Àǹ®¹®À¸·Î, ÁÖ¾î´Â Australian aboriginal technologyÀÌ°í µ¿»ç´Â was lackingÀÌ´Ù. although ¡¦ millennia´Â ¾çº¸¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÏ´Â ºÎ»çÀý·Î, °£Á¢Àǹ®¹®ÀÇ Áß°£¿¡ »ðÀԵǾî Á־ °üÇÏ¿© ºÎ¿¬ ¼³¸íÀ» ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * crucially: °áÁ¤ÀûÀ¸·Î * vanguard: ¼±ºÀ, ¼±µÎ * aboriginal: ¿øÁÖ¹ÎÀÇ, ÅäÂøÀÇ * elaborate: Á¤±³ÇØÁö´Ù, Á¤±³ÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé´Ù * ensuing: µÚÀÌÀº, ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ * Old World: ±¸¼¼°è(À¯·´, ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ, ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«) * elastic: ź¼ºÀÇ, ź·Â ÀÖ´Â * regress: Åðº¸ÇÏ´Ù * dense: (Àα¸°¡) Á¶¹ÐÇÑ 3. Çؼ®: Àü¹®°¡µéÀÌ Á¤Ã¥À» ¸¸µé°í ½ÃÇàÇÏ´Â µ¥ Å« ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÒ ¶§, ±×¸®°í °ø¸®ÀûÀÎ ÇÕ¸®¼ºÀÌ Á¤Ã¥À» À¯µµÇÏ´Â Áö¹èÀûÀÎ °¡Ä¡ÀÏ ¶§ Á¤Ã¥ °áÁ¤Àº ´õ¿í °´°üÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ¸·Î °£ÁֵȴÙ. ¾î¶² ÁÖ¾îÁø Á¤Ã¥ »óȲÀÇ »ç½ÇµéÀ» °áÁ¤ÇÏ´Â °úÇÐÀûÀÎ ¹æ¹ýÀÇ »ç¿ëÀ» ÅëÇÏ¿© »çȸÀû ±¸¼ºÀÇ ÈûÀº ¾Æ¸¶µµ ¾àÈ­µÇ°í, »çȸÀû ¹®Á¦µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇØ°áÃ¥ÀÌ °´°üÀûÀÎ ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ¹ß°ßµÈ´Ù. ÀÌ °úÁ¤Àº Á߸³¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ È¯»óÀ» ¸¸µé¾î³»°í Á¤Ã¥ °áÁ¤°ú ÈçÇÏ°Ô ¿¬°üµÈ ÇÔÁ¤°ú ºÒÆòµîÀ» ÃÊ¿ùÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ³»Æ÷ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ °üÁ¡À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ °úÇÐÀÚµé°ú Àü¹®°¡µéÀº Á¤Ã¥ °áÁ¤¿¡¼­ Á¶¾ðÀ» ÇØ ÁÙ ÀûÀýÇÑ Àü¹®°¡·Î µîÀåÇÏ´Â ¹Ý¸é¿¡ Áö¿ª ÁÖ¹ÎÀÇ Âü¿©¿Í Áö½ÄÀº ÀÚÁÖ ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î °£ÁֵȴÙ. °úÇÐÀûÀÌ°í Àü¹®ÀûÀÎ Á¤Ã¥ ÀÔ¾ÈÀÌ ÅðÇàÀûÀÎ Á¤Ä¡ÀÇ ÇÔÁ¤À» ¹Ýµå½Ã ÇÇÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. °úÇÐÀûÀÌ°í Àü¹®ÀûÀÎ Áö½ÄÀº ÀÚÁÖ À¯¿ë¼º°ú ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀÎ °í·Á¿¡ ÇÑÁ¤µÈ ƯÁ¤ À¯ÇüÀÇ Áö½Ä¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÑ´Ù. Á¤Ã¥¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Á¢±Ù ¹æ½ÄÀº ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î °æÇèÀûÀ¸·Î ÃøÁ¤µÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °¡Ä¡¿Í ¹®È­ÀûÀÎ ¿ä¼ÒµéÀ» °í·ÁÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. °úÇÐÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÔ¾ÈµÈ Á¤Ã¥Àº °ø°øÀÇ ÀÌÀÍ¿¡ ¿ªÇàÇÏ´Â °ü½É»ç¿¡ ºÎÇÕÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. _±×°ÍµéÀº ºÒ°øÆòÇÏ°í ºÎ´çÇÑ °ü°è¸¦ °­È­½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù_. (Çؼ³) °úÇÐÀûÀÌ°í Àü¹®ÀûÀÎ Áö½Ä¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Á¤Ã¥ °áÁ¤°ú Á¤Ã¥ ÀÔ¾ÈÀÌ °´°üÀûÀ̶ó°í °£ÁÖµÉ ¼öµµ ÀÖÁö¸¸, Áö¿ª ÁÖ¹ÎÀÇ Âü¿©¸¦ ¹èÁ¦½ÃÅ°°í °æÇèÀûÀ¸·Î ÃøÁ¤µÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °¡Ä¡¿Í ¹®È­ÀûÀÎ ¿ä¼Ò¸¦ °í·ÁÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ÅðÇàÀûÀÎ Á¤Ä¡ÀÇ ÇÔÁ¤¿¡¼­ ¹þ¾î³ªÁö ¸øÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ ±ÛÀÇ ÁÖµÈ ¿äÁöÀ̹ǷÎ, ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº ¨ê ¡®can reinforce unequal and unjust relationships(ºÒ°øÆòÇÏ°í ºÎ´çÇÑ °ü°è¸¦ °­È­½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù)¡¯ÀÌ´Ù. ¨ç Áö¿ª ÁÖ¹ÎÀÇ Âü¿©¸¦ ¹Ý¿µÇÏ´Â °æÇèÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÔÁõµÈ ÀÌ·ÐÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù ¨è °ø¸®ÀûÀÎ °¡Ä¡º¸´Ù ¹®È­ÀûÀÎ °¡Ä¡¸¦ Á¤¸»·Î °­Á¶ÇÑ´Ù ¨é Á¤Ã¥ °áÁ¤ÀÇ ºÒÆòµîÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿ï ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù (±¸¹®) This process creates an illusion of neutrality and implies a transcendence of the pitfalls and inequalities commonly _associated_ with policymaking.: commonly ¡¦ policymakingÀº the pitfalls and inequalities¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â ºÐ»ç±¸Àε¥, the pitfalls and inequalities´Â associate°¡ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ÇàÀ§ÀÇ ´ë»ó¿¡ ÇØ´çÇϹǷΠ°ú°ÅºÐ»çÀÎ associated°¡ »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * policymaking: Á¤Ã¥ °áÁ¤ * implementation: ½ÃÇà, ½ÇÇà * utilitarian: °ø¸®ÀûÀÎ * rationality: ÇÕ¸®¼º * dominant: Áö¹èÀûÀÎ * social construction: »çȸÀû ±¸¼º * supposedly: ¾Æ¸¶µµ * diminish: °¨¼ÒÇÏ´Ù * illusion: ȯ»ó, ȯ¿µ * neutrality: Á߸³¼º * pitfall: ÇÔÁ¤, À§Çè * perspective: °üÁ¡ * input: Âü¿©, ÅõÀÔ * degenerative: ÅðÇàÀûÀÎ * expertise: Àü¹® Áö½Ä * utility: À¯¿ë¼º * empirically: °æÇèÀûÀ¸·Î * run counter to: ~¿¡ ¿ªÇàÇÏ´Ù, ~¿¡ °Å½º¸£´Ù 4. Çؼ®: ¾óÇÍ º¸±â¿¡ ºñÇÕ¸®ÀûÀ¸·Î º¸ÀÌ´Â ¸¹Àº ¿À·ù¿Í ÆíÇâµéó·³, û°¢ÀûÀ¸·Î (À§ÇèÀÌ) ¾î·ÅDzÀÌ ºÒ¾ÈÇÏ°Ô ´Ù°¡¿À´Â °ÍÀº ´õ ÀÚ¼¼È÷ °üÂûÇغ¸¸é ¾ÆÁÖ Çö¸íÇÑ °ÍÀÓÀÌ ÀÔÁõµÈ´Ù. ºÓÀºÅпø¼þÀÌ¿Í °°Àº µ¿¹°µéÀº ¶È°°Àº ÆíÇâÀ» ¹ß´Þ½ÃÄÑ ¿Ô´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °íÀÇÀûÀÎ ¿À·ù´Â Àڱ⺸ȣ ÁØÀھƸ¦ °®Ãá Á¶±â°æº¸Ã¼Á¦¿Í °°Àº ±â´ÉÀ» Çϴµ¥, ÀáÀçÀûÀ¸·Î À§ÇèÇÑ ¹°Ã¼°¡ ´Ù°¡¿À´Â °Í¿¡ Á÷¸éÇßÀ» ¶§ °³Ã¼µé¿¡°Ô ¾ÈÀü¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿©Áö¸¦ Á¦°øÇØ ÁØ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÄÚ»Ô¼Ò¸¦ ¹ß°ßÇϰųª ´«»çÅ°¡ ¿©·¯ºÐ¿¡°Ô ¼Óµµ¸¦ ³»¸ç ´Ù°¡¿À´Â °ÍÀ» µéÀ» ¶§, û°¢ÀûÀ¸·Î (À§ÇèÀÌ) ¾î·ÅDzÀÌ ºÒ¾ÈÇÏ°Ô ´Ù°¡¿À´Â °ÍÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¸¶Áö¸· ¼ø°£±îÁö ±â´Ù¸®±âº¸´Ù Áö±Ý (À§Çè¿¡¼­) »¡¸® ¶ÙÃijª¿À´Â µ¿±â¸¦ ºÎ¿©ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ´Ù°¡¿À´Â À§ÇèÀ» Áï½Ã ÇÇÇÏ´Â À¯ÀüÀû ÀÌÁ¡Àº ¾ÆÁÖ °­·ÂÇÏ¿© ÀÚ¿¬ ¼±ÅÃÀº ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ±×¸®°í ´Ù¸¥ Æ÷À¯·ù¿¡°Ô ¼¼»óÀ» _°íÀÇÀûÀ¸·Î ºÎÁ¤È®ÇÏ°Ô º¸°í µè´Â_ µÎ³ú¸¦ ºÎ¿©Çß´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Á¾·ùÀÇ ÆíÇâÀº ½ÇÇè½ÇÀÇ °ú¾÷¿¡¼­ °æÁ¦ÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀÎ ÆÇ´ÜÀ» ÀúÇØÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖÁö¸¸, ¿ì¸®°¡ ½ÇÁ¦ ¼¼»ó¿¡¼­ ´ë´ÜÈ÷ ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀÎ ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ÇൿÇÏ°Ô ÇØ ÁØ´Ù. Á¤È®ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ Ç×»ó Çö¸íÇÑ °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. (Çؼ³) ÀÌ ±ÛÀº û°¢ÀûÀ¸·Î (À§ÇèÀÌ) ¾î·ÅDzÀÌ ºÒ¾ÈÇÏ°Ô ´Ù°¡¿À´Â °Í(auditory looming)ÀÌ Á¤È®ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °íÀÇÀû ¿À·ùÀÌÁö¸¸, Á¶±â°æº¸Ã¼°èó·³ À§ÇèÀ» °¨ÁöÇÏ¿© °³Ã¼µé·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý Áï°¢ÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÆÇ´Ü·ÂÀ» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¸»ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº ¨ç ¡®intentionally see and hear the world inaccurately(¼¼»óÀ» °íÀÇÀûÀ¸·Î ºÎÁ¤È®ÇÏ°Ô º¸°í µè´Â)¡¯ÀÌ´Ù. ¨è û°¢ÀûÀÎ Á¤º¸¸¦ Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô Æò°¡Çϵµ·Ï ¸ÂÃçÁø 58ÂÊ ¨ê ¿ì¸®°¡ ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀ¸·Î »ý°¢ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í À§ÇèÀ» °£°úÇϵµ·Ï ºÎÃß±â´Â (±¸¹®) This intentional error functions as an advance warning system, [ _manned_ by the self-protection subself], [ _providing_ individuals with a margin of safety] when they are confronted with potentially dangerous approaching objects.: ù ¹ø° [ ]·Î Ç¥½ÃµÈ ºÎºÐÀº an advance warning systemÀ» º¸Ãæ ¼³¸íÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© »ðÀÔµÈ °ú°ÅºÐ»ç±¸ÀÌ´Ù. µÎ ¹ø° [ ]·Î Ç¥½ÃµÈ ºÎºÐÀº µ¿½Ã »óȲÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ºÐ»ç±¸¹®À¸·Î, Àǹ̻óÀÇ ÁÖ¾î´Â This intentional errorÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * bias: ÆíÇâ, ¼ºÇâ, Æí°ß * irrational: ºñÇÕ¸®ÀûÀÎ * auditory: û°¢ÀûÀÎ * looming: (À§ÇèÀÌ) ºÒ¾ÈÇÏ°Ô ´Ù°¡¿À´Â °Í * rhesus monkey: ºÓÀºÅпø¼þÀÌ * intentional: °íÀÇÀûÀÎ * advance warning system: Á¶±â°æº¸Ã¼Á¦ * manned by: ~À» °®Ãá * subself: ÁØÀÚ¾Æ * margin: ¿©Áö, Â÷ÀÌ * rhinoceros: ÄÚ»Ô¼Ò * natural selection: ÀÚ¿¬¼±Åà * inhibit: ÀúÇØÇÏ´Ù, ¾ïÁ¦ÇÏ´Ù 5. Çؼ®: ¼öÇÐÀº ±×°ÍÀÌ ¸Å·á½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ» ²ø¾îµéÀÏ °ÍÀÌÁö¸¸, °úÇп¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀúÇ×À» À̰ܳ»±â À§Çؼ­´Â ¾Æ¹« °Íµµ ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. °úÇÐÀº ¿ø¸®¿¡ À־´Â º¸ÆíÀûÀÌÁö¸¸ ½ÇÁ¦¿¡ À־´Â ±ØÈ÷ ¼Ò¼öÀÇ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô¸¸ Àü´ÞµÈ´Ù. ¼öÇÐÀº À̸¥¹Ù ¸¶ÂûÀÌ ¾ø´Â °¡Àå °íÂ÷¿øÀûÀÎ À¯ÇüÀÇ ¼ÒÅë ±â¼ú·Î °£ÁÖµÉ ¼ö Àִµ¥, ¼öÇаú´Â Á¤¹Ý´ë Æí¿¡¼­ °úÇÐÀÇ ¼º°úµéÀº ¸»À» »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ±× ½ÇÁ¦Àû À̵æÀ» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±×·¯ÇÑ ¼º°úµéÀº ¾ç¸éÀû ¼º°ÝÀ» °®´Â´Ù. °úÇÐÀ¸·Î¼­ÀÇ °úÇÐÀº ¡®¸»·Î Àü´ÞµÇÁö¡¯ ¾Ê´Âµ¥, ÀÌ·ÐÀûÀ¸·Î ¸»ÇÏÀÚ¸é °úÇÐÀÚµéÀÌ ¼­·Î ÀÇ»ç¼ÒÅëÇÒ ¶§ ¸ðµç °úÇÐÀÇ °³³äµéÀº ¼öÇÐÈ­µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ°í, °úÇÐÀÌ °úÇÐÀû »ê¹°À» °úÇÐÀÚ°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ³ªÅ¸³¾ ¶§ °úÇÐÀº »ó¼ú(¼³µæ·Â)¿¡ ÀÇÁöÇÒ ÇÊ¿äµµ ¾ø°í »ç½Ç ÀÇÁöÇÒ ¼öµµ ¾ø´Ù. °úÇÐÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¸»·Î Àü´ÞµÇ¸é ±×°ÍÀº ´õ ÀÌ»ó °úÇÐÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ °ÍÀ̸ç, ±×·¯ÇÑ °úÇÐÀÚ´Â ¼öÇÐÀÇ Á¤È®¼ºÀ» ¾àÈ­½ÃÅ°´Â È«º¸ ´ã´çÀÚ°¡ µÇ°Å³ª ±×·± ÀÏÀ» ÇÏ´Â È«º¸ ´ã´çÀÚ¸¦ °í¿ëÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¸°Ô ÇÔ¿¡ À־ °úÇÐÀÚ´Â È­·ÁÇϸ鼭 ¾Ö¸Å¸ðÈ£ÇÑ Ç¥Çö°ú ÀºÀ¯Àû Ç¥ÇöÀ» »ç¿ëÇϱâ À§Çؼ­ ¼öÇÐÀû Á¤È®¼ºÀ» Ãß±¸ÇÏ´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¿å±¸¸¦ µÚÁý°Ô µÇ°í, ±×¸®ÇÏ¿©_ Àڽſ¡°Ô °úÇÐÀÚ¶ó´Â ÀÚ°ÝÀ» ºÎ¿©ÇÏ´Â ÁöÀûÀÎ ÇàÀ§ÀÇ ±Ô¾àÀ» ¾î±â°Ô µÈ´Ù_. (Çؼ³) ¼öÇÐÀÌ ¼ÒÅë ±â¼úÀ» ÅëÇØ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ¸Å·á½Ãų ¼ö Àִµ¥ ¹ÝÇØ °úÇÐÀº ¸»·Î Àü´ÞµÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Â Ư¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù°í ¼³¸íÇÏ´Â ±ÛÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Àüü ¹®¸ÆÀ» °í·ÁÇÏ¸é ºóÄ­¿¡´Â °úÇÐÀÚ°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¿¬±¸ °á°ú¸¦ ¸»À» ÅëÇØ Àü´ÞÇÏ·Á°í ³ë·ÂÇÒ ¶§ ³ª¿Ã ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °á°ú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³»¿ëÀÌ µé¾î°¡¾ß ÇϹǷÎ, ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨ë ¡®violating the code of intellectual conduct that defines him as a scientist(Àڽſ¡°Ô °úÇÐÀÚ¶ó´Â ÀÚ°ÝÀ» ºÎ¿©ÇÏ´Â ÁöÀûÀÎ ÇàÀ§ÀÇ ±Ô¾àÀ» ¾î±â°Ô µÈ´Ù)¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ç ´É¼÷ÇÑ »ó¼ú(¼³µæ·Â)¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °úÇÐÀû ¿ë¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ´É·ÂÀ» ¶³¾î¶ß¸®°Ô µÈ´Ù ¨è °úÇаú ¼öÇÐÀ» ¿¬°ü½ÃÅ´À¸·Î½á °úÇп¡ ´ëÇÑ À庮À» ±Øº¹ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù ¨é ºÒ°¡ÇÇÇÏ°Ô ¼öÇÐÀ» Àß ¸øÇÏ´Â ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý °úÇп¡ ´ëÇÑ Àû´ë°¨À» °®°Ô ÇÑ´Ù (±¸¹®) When science speaks to others, it is no longer science, and the scientist becomes or has to hire _a publicist who_ dilutes the exactness of mathematics.: a publicist´Â becomesÀÇ º¸¾îÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀ» Çϸ鼭 µ¿½Ã¿¡ hireÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î·Î »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ a publicist´Â À̾îÁö´Â who ¡¦ mathematicsÀÇ °ü°èÀýÀÇ ¼ö½ÄÀ» ¹Þ´Â ¼±Çà»çÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * overcome: À̰ܳ»´Ù, ±Øº¹ÇÏ´Ù * frictionless: ¸¶Âû ¾ø´Â * so to speak: ¸»ÇÏÀÚ¸é, À̸¥¹Ù * ambivalent: ¾ç¸é¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Â * mathematize: ¼öÇÐÈ­ÇÏ´Ù, ¼öÇÐÀûÀ¸·Î ¸¸µé´Ù * resort to: ~¿¡ ÀÇÁöÇÏ´Ù * salesmanship: »ó¼ú, ÆǸżö¿Ï; ¼³µæ·Â * publicist: È«º¸ ´ã´çÀÚ, ¼±µ¿ÀÚ * dilute: ¾àÈ­½ÃÅ°´Ù, Èñ¼®½ÃÅ°´Ù * reverse: µÚÁý´Ù, ¹Ý´ë·Î ÇÏ´Ù * rhetorical: ¼ö»ç¹ýÀÇ, È­·ÁÇÑ * vagueness: ¾Ö¸Å¸ðÈ£ÇÔ, ºÒºÐ¸íÇÔ * metaphor: ÀºÀ¯Àû Ç¥Çö 6. Çؼ®: ´©±º°¡ÀÇ Áý´ÜÀû ȤÀº Àå±âÀûÀÎ À̵æÀ» À§ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ô¿¡µµ, »ç¶÷µéÀº ¾Ë°Ô ¸ð¸£°Ô ³Ê¹« ¸¹ÀÌ °¡Áö·Á°í ÇÑ´Ù. HardinÀÌ ¸»ÇÑ °Íó·³ ¡°°øÀ¯Áö¿¡¼­ÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯´Â ¸ðµç »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ÆĸêÀ» °¡Á®¿Â´Ù.¡± ¾î¶² ´ëµµ½Ã·Î ÁøÀÔÇÏ´Â ÁÖµµ·ÎÀÇ ±³Åë È¥ÀâÀ» »ý°¢ÇØ º¸¶ó. °¢°¢ÀÇ »ç¶÷Àº ±×°ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ºü¸¥ ±æÀ̶ó´Â ³í¸®ÀûÀÎ ÀÌÀ¯ ¶§¹®¿¡ ±× ƯÁ¤ µµ·Î¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÑ´Ù. µµ·Î¿¡ Ãß°¡·Î ÁøÀÔÇÏ´Â ¿îÀüÀÚµéÀ» À§ÇÑ ÃæºÐÇÑ °ø°£ÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î óÀ½¿¡´Â °¢°¢ÀÇ Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ Â÷°¡ ±³Åë ¼Óµµ¸¦ ¶³¾î¶ß¸®Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¾î´À ½ÃÁ¡¿¡¼­ ´Â °¢°¢ÀÇ Â÷°¡ Æò±Õ ¼Óµµ¸¦ ¶³¾î¶ß¸®°í °á±¹¿¡´Â ¿îÀüÀÚ°¡ ³Ê¹« ¸¹¾Æ¼­ Â÷°¡ ±â¾î°¡´Â ¼öÁØÀ¸·Î ¼Óµµ°¡ ´ÊÃçÁø´Ù. ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¿îÀü ½Ã°£À» ÃÖ¼ÒÈ­ÇÏ·Á´Â ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ½Ãµµ°¡ °á±¹ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ´õ ±æ¾îÁø Åë±Ù ½Ã°£ÀÌ µÇ¾î ¹ö¸®°í ¸¸´Ù. ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ» ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ´ç½ÅÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ _¸ðµç ¿îÀüÀÚµéÀÇ Áý´ÜÀû ÀÌÀÍ¿¡ ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀÎ °á°ú·Î À̾îÁø °ÍÀÌ´Ù_. ¼¼°èÀûÀÎ ±Ô¸ð¿¡¼­, ¶È°°Àº ÀÏÀÌ ¹°°í±â°¡ ³²È¹µÇ´Â ¹Ù´Ù¿Í °­, ´ë±â ¿À¿°, ¹° ºÎÁ· °°Àº ȯ°æÀûÀÎ ¹®Á¦¿¡µµ »ý°Ü³¯ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (Çؼ³) 59ÂÊ ´ëµµ½Ã·Î ÁøÀÔÇÏ´Â ÁÖµµ·Î¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏÁö¸¸ Á¡Á¡ ´õ Ãß°¡µÇ´Â Â÷·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿© ¼Óµµ°¡ ¶³¾îÁö°í °á±¹Àº ±â¾î°¡´Â ¼öÁØÀÌ µÈ´Ù´Â ¿¹¿¡¼­ º¸µíÀÌ, ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀ̶ó°í »ý°¢Çؼ­ ÇÑ ÀÏÀÌ Áý´Ü ÀüüÀÇ ÀÌÀÍ¿¡´Â ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀÎ °á°ú¸¦ ³º°Ô µÈ °ÍÀ̹ǷÎ, ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨ë ¡®results in a negative outcome to the collective interest of all drivers (¸ðµç ¿îÀüÀÚµéÀÇ Áý´ÜÀû ÀÌÀÍ¿¡ ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀÎ °á°ú·Î À̾îÁø °ÍÀÌ´Ù)¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ç ¸ðµç ¿îÀüÀڵ鿡°Ô ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀÎ °á°ú¸¦ ³º´Â´Ù ¨è °¢°¢ÀÇ ¿îÀüÀÚÀÇ ÃÖ´ë ÀÌÀÍ°ú ¾ç¸³ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù ¨é °¢°¢ÀÇ ±×¸®°í ¸ðµç ¿îÀüÀÚµéÀÇ »ç½É ¾ø´Â ÀÌÀÍÀ» ÁõÁø½ÃŲ´Ù (±¸¹®) At some point, however, each car reduces the average speed, and eventually there are so many drivers _that_ the traffic slows to a crawl.: 'so ¡¦ that ¡¦'Àº ¡®³Ê¹« ~Çؼ­ ¡¦ÇÏ´Ù¡¯ÀÇ Àǹ̷Î, ³Ê¹« ¸¹Àº ¿îÀüÀÚµéÀÌ ÀÖ°Ô µÇ¾î¼­ ±³ÅëÀÌ È¥ÀâÇØÁø´Ù´Â Àǹ̸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * commons: °øÀ¯Áö * eventually: °á±¹ * crawl: ´À¸´´À¸´ °¡´Ù * minimize: ÃÖ¼ÒÈ­ÇÏ´Ù * add up to: ~ÀÌ µÇ´Ù * commute: Åë±Ù ½Ã°£ * on a global scale: ¼¼°èÀû ±Ô¸ð·Î * befall: ~¿¡°Ô »ý±â´Ù * overfished: ¹°°í±â°¡ ³²È¹µÇ´Â * scarcity: ºÎÁ·, °áÇÌ * compatible: ¾ç¸³ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â, ¾ç¸³ÇÏ´Â 7. Çؼ®: ¿¬±¸¿øµéÀº ´ëÇлý ÀÚ¿øÀڵ鿡°Ô ÆÇŸÁö ÇüÅÂÀÇ °æÇè(³ôÀº ±ÁÀÌ ´Þ¸° ½Å¹ßÀ» ½Å°í ¸ÚÀÖ¾î º¸À̰ųª, ¿¡¼¼ÀÌ ÄÜÅ×½ºÆ®¿¡¼­ ¿ì½ÂÀ» Çϰųª, ½ÃÇè¿¡¼­ AÇÐÁ¡À» ¹Þ´Â °Í)À» ÇÏ´Â »ý°¢À» Ç϶ó°í ¿äûÇÏ°í ³ª¼­, ÆÇŸÁö°¡ ½ÇÇè ´ë»óÀÚ¿Í Çö½Ç¿¡¼­ ¾î¶»°Ô ÀÏÀÌ Àü°³µÇ´Â°¡¿¡ ³¢Ä£ ¿µÇâ¿¡ ´ëÇØ Æò°¡Çß´Ù. Âü¿©ÀÚµéÀÌ °¡Àå ±àÁ¤ÀûÀÎ °á°ú¸¦ »ó»óÇßÀ» ¶§, Ç÷¾ÐÀ¸·Î ÃøÁ¤ÇÑ ±×µéÀÇ ¿¡³ÊÁö ¼öÁØÀº ¶³¾îÁ³°í, ±×µéÀº º¸´Ù Çö½ÇÀûÀ̰ųª ½ÉÁö¾î ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ¸ð½ÀÀ» ¶°¿Ã·È´ø »ç¶÷µéº¸´Ù ½ÇÁ¦ »ç°Ç¿¡¼­ ´õ ³ª»Û °æÇèÀ» Çß´Ù°í º¸°íÇß´Ù. ½ÇÇè ´ë»óÀÚµéÀÇ ½Ç»ýÈ° °æÇèÀ» Æò°¡Çϱâ À§ÇØ, ¿¬±¸¿øµéÀº ½ÇÇè ´ë»óÀÚµé ½º½º·Î°¡ ¼³Á¤Çß´ø ¸ñÇ¥µéÀÇ ¸ñ·Ï°ú ±×µéÀÌ ½ÇÁ¦·Î ¼ºÃëÇß´ø °ÍÀ» ºñ±³ÇÏ¿´°í, ¶ÇÇÑ Àڱ⠺¸°í¼­¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸Çß´Ù. ¡°¿ì¸®°¡ ±×°Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ È¯»óÀ» °¡Áú ¶§, ƯÈ÷--¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¾ÆÁÖ ±àÁ¤ÀûÀÎ °Í¿¡ ȯ»óÀ» °¡Áú ¶§--±×°ÍÀº °ÅÀÇ ½ÇÁ¦·Î ±×°Í(ȯ»óÇÑ °Í)À» °æÇèÇÏ´Â °Í°ú °°´Ù¡±¶ó°í ±× ¿¬±¸ÀÇ °øµ¿ ÀúÀÚ Áß ÇÑ ¸íÀÌ ¸»Çß´Ù. _±×°ÍÀº ¸¶À½À» ¼Ó¿©¼­ ¸ñÇ¥°¡ ´Þ¼ºµÇ¾ú´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé°í,_ ¡°±×°ÍÀ» Ãß±¸ÇÏ°í ´Þ¼ºÇÒ ¿­Á¤ÀÌ »ý±æ¡± µ¿±â¸¦ ¼ÒÁø½ÃŲ´Ù°í ±×³à´Â ¼³¸íÇÑ´Ù. ½ÇÇè ´ë»óÀÚµéÀº Àå¾Ö¹°À» ¹«½ÃÇÏ´Â ´ë½Å ±Øº¹ÇÒ ¹æ¹ýÀ» »ó»óÇϸ鼭 ´õ ³ª¾ÆÁú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ȯ»óÀûÀÌ°í ¾ÆÁÖ ±àÁ¤ÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ» »ó»óÇß´ø »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Çö½ÇÀûÀ̰ųª ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ» »ó»óÇß´ø »ç¶÷µéº¸´Ù Çö½ÇÀÇ »ç°Ç¿¡¼­ ´õ ³ª»Û °æÇèÀ» ÇÑ´Ù´Â ½ÇÇè °á°ú°¡ ³ª¿Ô´Âµ¥ ±× ¿øÀÎÀº ºóÄ­ ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ³ª¿Â ´Ü¼­ÀÎ ¸ñÇ¥¸¦ Ãß±¸ÇÏ°í ´Þ¼ºÇÒ ¿­Á¤ÀÌ »ý±æ µ¿±â¸¦ ¼ÒÁø½ÃŲ´Ù´Â °Í¿¡¼­ ¨ê ¡®tricks the mind into thinking the goal has been achieved(¸¶À½À» ¼Ó¿©¼­ ¸ñÇ¥°¡ ´Þ¼ºµÇ¾ú´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé±â)¡¯ ¶§¹®ÀÓÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¨ç ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ½ÇÁ¦ »îÀ» ÀÖ´Â ±×´ë·Î Æò°¡Çϵµ·Ï Ã˱¸ÇÑ´Ù ¨è Àå¹Ôºû Èñ¸ÁÀ» ½ÇÁ¦ÀÇ ¼ºÃë·Î º¯È­½ÃŲ´Ù ¨é ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ¸ñÇ¥°¡ ȯ»óÀÇ ¼¼°è·ÎºÎÅÍ µ¶¸³Çϵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù (±¸¹®) When participants envisioned the most positive outcome, their energy levels, _as measured by blood pressure_, dropped, and they reported having a worse experience with the actual event than _those who_ had conjured more realistic or even negative visions.: as ¡¦ pressure´Â »ðÀÔµÈ ¾î±¸·Î, ÁÖ¾î their energy levels¿Í ¿¬°áµÇ´Â µ¿»ç´Â droppedÀÌ´Ù. those who´Â ¡®~ÇÑ »ç¶÷µé¡¯ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * evaluate: Æò°¡ÇÏ´Ù * unfold: Àü°³µÇ´Ù, ÁøÇàµÇ´Ù * envision: »ó»óÇÏ´Ù * conjure: ¶°¿Ã¸®´Ù, »ó»óÇÏ´Ù * accomplish: ´Þ¼ºÇÏ´Ù * drain: ¼ÒÁø½ÃÅ°´Ù, ½ñ¾Æ³»´Ù * incentive: µ¿±â, À¯ÀÎ * be better off: ÀÌÀÍÀ» ´õ ¾ò´Ù, ´õ ³ª¾ÆÁö´Ù * surmount: ±Øº¹ÇÏ´Ù * obstacle: Àå¾Ö¹°, ¹æÇØ * render: (¾î¶² »óÅ°¡ µÇ°Ô) ¸¸µé´Ù(ÇÏ´Ù) 60ÂÊ À» ¶§, ħÆÒÁöµéÀº óÀ½¿¡ ÀÛÀº ¼ýÀÚ¸¦ °¡¸®ÄѼ­, ÀÚ½ÅÀ» À§ÇØ ´õ Å« º¸»óÀ» ¾ò´Â °ÍÀ» ±Ý¹æ ¹è¿ü´Ù. (Çؼ³) Á¢½Ã¿¡ ½ÇÁ¦ ¸ÔÀ̸¦ ´ã¾Æ¼­ ½ÇÇèÀ» ÇßÀ» ¶§¿¡´Â ħÆÒÁöµéÀÌ ´õ ¸¹Àº ¸ÔÀ̸¦ ¸Ô±â À§ÇÑ Àü·«À» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾úÀ¸³ª, ¸ÔÀ̸¦ ¼ýÀÚ·Î ´ëüÇßÀ» ¶§¿¡´Â ±×°ÍÀ» ±Ý¹æ Å͵æÇß´Ù°í ÇßÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨è ¡®when an alternative symbol system is employed(±×°ÍÀ» ´ë½ÅÇÏ´Â »ó¡ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ ÀÌ¿ëµÉ ¶§)¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ç Áï°¢ÀûÀÎ º¸»óÀÌ Áö¿¬µÇ´Â º¸»óÀ» ´ëüÇÒ ¶§ ¨é ´õ Å« º¸»ó¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×µéÀÇ ¿å¸ÁÀÌ ÃæÁ·µÇ¸é ¨ê ¹°ÁúÀûÀÎ º¸»óÀÌ »ó¡ÀûÀÎ º¸»ó°ú ¹ø°¥¾Æ ³ª¿Ã ¶§ (±¸¹®) _When (they are) confronted_ by a seemingly simple pointing task, _where_ their desires are put in conflict with outcomes, chimpanzees find it impossible to exhibit subtle self-serving cognitive strategies in the immediate presence of a desired reward.: ½Ã°£ÀÇ ºÎ»çÀý¿¡¼­´Â 'ÁÖ¾î+beµ¿»ç'°¡ ÀÚÁÖ »ý·«µÇ´Âµ¥, ¿©±â¿¡¼­µµ they are°¡ »ý·«µÇ¾ú´Ù. where ¡¦ outcomes´Â a seemingly simple pointing task¸¦ ºÎ¿¬ ¼³¸íÇÏ´Â °ü°èÀýÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * be confronted by: ~¿¡ Á÷¸éÇÏ´Ù, ~¿¡ ¸¶ÁÖÄ¡´Ù * subtle: ¿¹¸®ÇÑ, ±³¹¦ÇÑ * self-serving: ÀÚ±â ÀÌÀÍÀ» ì±â´Â * treat: Ưº°ÇÑ ¼±¹°, ´ëÁ¢ * adjacent: ÀÎÁ¢ÇÑ, °¡±î¿î * subject: ¿¬±¸ ´ë»ó, ÇǽÇÇèÀÚ * withhold: ¾ïÁ¦ÇÏ´Ù, º¸·ùÇÏ´Ù * substitute: ´ë½ÅÇÏ´Â °Í, ´ëü¹° * alternate: ¹ø°¥¾Æ ÀϾ´Ù, ±³Ã¼(±³´ë)ÇÏ´Ù * proportional to: ~¿¡ ºñ·ÊÇÏ´Â 9. Çؼ®: °Ñ¸ð½ÀÀº °í°´ÀÌ À½½Ä¿¡ ´ëÇØ °¡Áö´Â ù ÀλóÀ» ¸¸µé¾î ³»°í, ù ÀλóÀº Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù. ¾Æ¹«¸® ȤÇÏ´Â ¸ÀÀÏÁö¶óµµ, ³²ÀÇ ´«À» »ç·ÎÀâÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â °Ñ¸ð½ÀÀº ¸ø º» ü Çϱ⠾î·Æ´Ù. Àΰ£À¸·Î¼­, ¿ì¸®´Â ½Ã°¢ÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ °¨°¢µéº¸´Ù ´õ¿í °íµµ·Î ¹ß´ÞµÇ¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡ Á¤¸»ÀÌÁö ¡°´«À¸·Î ¸Ô´Â´Ù.¡± Àΰ£¿¡°Ô¼­ ½Ã°¢ÀÌ ±×·¸°Ô °íµµ·Î ¹ß´ÞµÇ¾î Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ´Ù¸¥ °¨°¢µé·ÎºÎÅÍ ¹ÞÀº ¸Þ½ÃÁöµéÀº º¸ÀÌ´Â °Í°ú(½Ã°¢°ú) »óÃæÇÏ¸é ¹«½ÃµÇ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ÀÚÁÖ ÀÖ´Ù. ³ë¶õ»ö »çÅÁÀº ·¹¸ó ¸ÀÀÌ ³¯ °ÍÀ¸·Î ±â´ëµÇ´Âµ¥, Æ÷µµ ¸ÀÀÌ ³ª¸é ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀº _±× ¸ÀÀ» Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ½Äº°ÇÒ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù_. »¡°£»ö ½Ä¿ë »ö¼Ò°¡ °¡¹ÌµÈ µþ±â ¾ÆÀ̽ºÅ©¸²Àº ½ÉÁö¾î ½ÇÁ¦ Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ¾øÀ» ¶§¿¡µµ ÷°¡µÈ ½Ä¿ë »ö¼Ò°¡ ¾ø´Â ¾ÆÀ̽ºÅ©¸²º¸´Ù ´õ ÁøÇÑ µþ±â ¸ÀÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â °Íó·³ º¸ÀδÙ. (Çؼ³) ºóÄ­ ¹Ù·Î ¾Õ ¹®Àå¿¡¼­ º¸ÀÌ´Â °Í°ú ´Ù¸¥ °¨°¢¿¡¼­ ¹ÞÀº ¸Þ½ÃÁö°¡ ¼­·Î »óÃæÇÏ¸é ´Ù¸¥ °¨°¢µé·ÎºÎÅÍÀÇ ¸Þ½ÃÁö°¡ ¹«½ÃµÈ´Ù°í ÇßÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨ç ¡®cannot correctly identify the flavor(±× ¸ÀÀ» Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ½Äº°ÇÒ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù)¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨è Æ÷µµ ¸À ĵµð¸¦ ¼±È£ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù ¨é ¸ÀÀÇ Â÷À̸¦ ºÐ¸íÇÏ°Ô °¨ÁöÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù ¨ê Æ÷µµ ¸À¿¡ Áï°¢ÀûÀ¸·Î ²ø¸®°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù (±¸¹®) The sense of sight is _so_ highly developed in humans _that_ messages received from other senses are often ignored if they conflict with what is seen.: 'so ¡¦ that ¡¦'Àº ¡®³Ê¹« ~Çؼ­ ¡¦ÇÏ´Ù¡¯´Â ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * appealing: °ü½ÉÀ» ²ô´Â, ¸Å·ÂÀûÀÎ * overlook: ¸ø º» ü ÇÏ´Ù, ´«°¨¾ÆÁÖ´Ù * conflict: Ãæµ¹ÇÏ´Ù, »óÃæÇÏ´Ù * tint: »öÁ¶¸¦ ´õÇÏ´Ù * instantly: Áï°¢ÀûÀ¸·Î * identify: ½Äº°ÇÏ´Ù 10. Çؼ®: ºñÇà±â Ã߶ô »ç°í¿¡¼­ ½É°¢ÇÑ ºÎ»óÀ» ÀÔ°í »ì¾Æ³²Àº ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¸çÄ¥ µ¿¾È Èûµé¿© Á¤±ÛÀ» Åë°úÇÏÁö¸¸ ÇÑ ¸¶À»¿¡ ´çµµÇϱâ Á÷Àü¿¡ Á×´Â´Ù°í °¡Á¤ÇØ º¸ÀÚ. ¡°¾î¶»°Ôµç ¸¶À»±îÁö °É¾î°¡±â¸¸ Çß´Ù¸é ±×´Â ±¸Á¶µÇ¾úÀ» ÅÙµ¥.¡±¶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÏ°í ½ÍÀº À¯È¤µµ µç´Ù. ±×·¸Áö¸¸ ±× Èñ»ýÀÚÀÇ Ä£Ã´µéÀ» ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ À§·ÎÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í °¡Á¤ÇØ º¸ÀÚ. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¹«½¼ ¸»À» Çϰڴ°¡? ¾Æ´Ï¸é ¸¶À»±îÁö´Â °¬Áö¸¸ ±× ÀÌ»ó ¸Ö¸®´Â °¡Áö ¾ÊÀº ±¸Á¶´ë¸¦ ¿ËÈ£ÇÏ°í ½Í´Ù°í °¡Á¤ÇØ º¸ÀÚ. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ (ģôÀ») À§·ÎÇϰųª (±¸Á¶´ë¸¦) ¿ËÈ£ÇÏ°í ½ÍÀº ¸¶À½ÀÏ °æ¿ì ±×°ÍÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â ´ë¾È¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ±× Èñ»ýÀÚÀÇ ºÎ»óÀÇ ½É°¢¼ºÀ» °­Á¶ÇÏ¸ç ¡°¼³·É ±×°¡ ¾î¶»°Ôµç ¸¶À»±îÁö °É¾î°¬´Ù Çصµ ±×´Â ±×·¡µµ Á×¾úÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.¡±¶ó°í ³ÍÁö½Ã ¸»Çϱâ·Î °áÁ¤À» ³»¸± ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÖ¾úÀ»Áöµµ ¸ð¸£´Â ÀÏ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »ý°¢Àº ¶§·Î ¼±ÇàÇÏ´Â »ç°ÇÀ» ¹Ù²Ù¾î ³õ±âµµ ÇÏÁö¸¸(±× Èñ»ýÀÚ°¡ ¸¶À»±îÁö °É¾î°¬´Ù), ±× °á°ú´Â ¹Ù²ÙÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù(±×·³¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í ±×´Â Á×¾ú´Ù). ¡°¼³·É ±×·¸´Ù Çصµ ¡¦¡±¶ó´Â Á¶°Ç¹®Àº »ç½Ç°ú ¹Ý´ëµÇ´Â ¼±Çà »ç°Ç°ú ½ÇÁ¦ÀûÀÎ °á°ú¸¦ °áÇÕÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ¡°Áß°£ »ç½ÇÀû Á¶°Ç¡±À̶ó°í ºÒ·Á ¿Ô´Ù. °¡Á¤µÈ Áß°£ »ç½ÇÀûÀÎ ¼±Åà °¡´ÉÇÑ °ÍµéÀº È£±â½ÉÀ» ÀھƳ»´Âµ¥, ±× ÀÌÀ¯´Â ÀÖ¾úÀ»Áöµµ ¸ð¸£´Â ÀÏ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ù¸¥ »ý°¢µé°ú´Â ´Þ¸® ±×°ÍÀÌ _°á°ú´Â ºÒ°¡ÇÇÇÏ´Ù_´Â °ÍÀ» ¸»ÇØ Áֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) Áß°£ »ç½ÇÀû Á¶°ÇÀº µ¿±â³ª »óȲ¿¡ µû¶ó »ç½Ç°ú ¹Ý´ëµÇ´Â ¼±Çà »ç°ÇÀ» °¡Á¤ÇÏÁö¸¸ ½ÇÁ¦ °á°ú´Â ¹Ù²îÁö ¾ÊÀº »óÅ·Π³²°ÜµÎ´Â °ÍÀ̹ǷÎ, ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨é ¡®the outcome is inevitable(°á°ú´Â ºÒ°¡ÇÇÇÏ´Ù)¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ç °á°ú´Â »ó»óÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù ¨è ÀÌÀüÀÇ ÀÏÀº ºÒ°¡ÇÇÇÏ´Ù ¨ê ÀÌÀüÀÇ ÀÏÀº ¿¹ÃøÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù (±¸¹®) 61ÂÊ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ´Â ¸í»çÀýÀ» À̲ô´Â Á¢¼Ó»ç thatÀÌ »ý·«µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¸í»çÀýÀÇ ÁÖ¾î a survivorÀÇ µ¿»ç´Â struggles¿Í diesÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * struggle: ¹ß¹öµÕ Ä¡´Ù, ºÐÅõÇÏ´Ù * console: À§·ÎÇÏ´Ù * alternative: ´ë¾È, ¼±Åà °¡´ÉÇÑ °Í * severity: ½É°¢¼º * antecedent: ÀÌÀüÀÇ, ¾Õ¼± (ÀÏ) * conditional: °¡Á¤ ¾î±¸, Á¶°Ç¹®, Á¶°Ç ¸íÁ¦ * semifactual: Áß°£ »ç½ÇÀû Á¶°Ç * counterfactual: »ç½Ç°ú ¹Ý´ëµÇ´Â * intriguing: È£±â½ÉÀ» ÀھƳ»´Â 11. Çؼ®: ¿ì¸® ¼¼°èÀÇ ±¸Á¶¿Í È®½Ç¼ºÀÇ Á¶°ÇÀÌ ¸¹Àº º¯È­¿¡ ¹«³ÊÁö¸é¼­, ¾ÈÁ¤ÀûÀÌ°í È®½ÇÇÑ Áöµµ·Â¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¿°¿øÀÇ ¹üÀ§´Â _´Ü¼øÈ÷ ±×°ÍÀ» ãÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â °Í¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ´É°¡µÇ¾î ¿Ô´Ù_(¿ì¸®°¡ ¾Æ¹«¸® ¾ÈÁ¤ÀûÀÌ°í È®½ÇÇÑ Áöµµ·ÂÀ» ¿°¿øÇÒÁö¶óµµ ±×°ÍÀ» ã´Â °ÍÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇØÁ³´Ù). À߸øÀº Áöµµ·Â¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ¿ì¸® ÀڽŰú ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ±â´ë¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¾³¯¿¡´Â ÁöµµÀÚµéÀÌ È¥µ·À» ÀÌÇØÇÏ°í, ºÒÈ®½ÇÇÔ¿¡¼­ È®½Ç¼ºÀ» ¸¸µé¾î ³»°í, ±×¸®°í ¸ð¼øµéÀ» ÇØ°áÇϱâ À§ÇØ È®½ÇÇÑ ½ÇÇà °èȹÀ» ¸¸µé¾î ³»¾ß¸¸ Çß´Ù. ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ÁöµµÀÚµéÀº »óȲ(¹®Á¦)À» ÇØ°áÇß´Ù. È¥µ·ÀÌ ±× ÃßÇÑ °í°³¸¦ µé¸é ÁöµµÀÚ°¡ Áï½Ã Á¤»óÀ» ȸº¹½ÃÄÑ ÁÙ °ÍÀ¸·Î ±â´ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ÀÌÁ¦ È¥µ·Àº Á¤»óÀ¸·Î ¿©°ÜÁö°í, ¸ð¼øµéÀº ÇØ°áµÉ ¼ö ¾ø°í, È®½Ç¼ºÀº ¿À·ÎÁö °¡¸Á¼ºÀÌ ³ôÀº ¼öÁØ¿¡¼­¸¸ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. À̰͵é Áß ¾î´À °ÍÀÌ¶óµµ (À̸¦) ¹Ù·ÎÀâÀ¸·Á´Â ¸é¿¡¼­ (¹Ù¶ó´Â °á°ú¸¦) À̲ø¾î ³»·Á°í ÇÏ´Â Áöµµ·ÂÀº ½ÇÆÐÇÒ »ÓÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀÌ Á¤È®È÷ (Áö±Ý) ÀϾ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¿¾³¯ ÁöµµÀÚµéÀº È¥µ·À» ÀÌÇØÇÏ°í, ºÒÈ®½ÇÇÔ¿¡¼­ È®½Ç¼ºÀ» ¸¸µé¾î ³»°í, ¸ð¼øµéÀ» ÇØ°áÇϱâ À§ÇØ Àû±ØÀûÀÎ ½ÇÇà °èȹÀ» ¸¸µé¾î ³»¾ß¸¸ ÇßÁö¸¸, ÀÌÁ¦´Â È¥µ·ÀÌ Á¤»óÀ¸·Î ¿©°ÜÁö°í ¸ð¼øµéµµ ÇØ°áµÉ ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¸ç, È®½Ç¼ºÀº ³ôÀº °¡¸Á¼º ¼öÁØÀ¸·Î¸¸ °¡´ÉÇϹǷΠÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °ÍµéÀ» ¹Ù·ÎÀâÀ¸·Á°í ÇÏ´Â Áöµµ·ÂÀº ½ÇÆÐÇÒ »ÓÀ̶ó´Â ³»¿ëÀÇ ±ÛÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ¾ÈÁ¤ÀûÀÌ°í È®½ÇÇÑ Áöµµ·Â¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¿°¿øÀÇ ¹üÀ§´Â ¨ë ¡®has been exceeded only by the impossibility of finding it(´Ü¼øÈ÷ ±×°Í(Áöµµ·Â)À» ãÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â °Í¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ´É°¡µÇ¾î ¿Ô´Ù)¡¯°í Ãß·ÐÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¨ç ±×°ÍÀ» È®¸³Çϱâ À§ÇÑ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÀÇÁö¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ­¸¸ Æò°¡µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù ¨è ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ Áöµµ·ÂÀ» ´õ ´ëüÇÒ ¼ö ¾øµµ·Ï ¸¸µé¾î ¿Ô´Ù ¨é Á¤»óÀ¸·Î µÇµ¹¸®±â À§ÇÑ ½ÇÇà °¡´ÉÇÑ Çൿ °èȹÀ» ¸¸µé ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù (±¸¹®) _Should chaos_ rear its ugly head, the leader was expected to restore normality immediately.: Á¢¼Ó»ç If°¡ »ý·«µÈ µµÄ¡ ±¸¹®À¸·Î, If chaos should ~ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * yield to: ~¿¡ ±¼º¹ÇÏ´Ù * extent: ¹üÀ§, Á¤µµ * definitive: È®½ÇÇÑ, ÃÖ°íÀÇ * paradox: ¸ð¼øµÈ ÀÏ, ¾ÕµÚ°¡ ¸ÂÁö ¾Ê´Â »óȲ * straighten out: ~À» ÇØ°áÇÏ´Ù, ~À» ¹Ù·ÎÀâ´Ù * rear one's (ugly) head: (³ª»Û »ý°¢ µîÀÌ) °í°³¸¦ Ãĵé´Ù * restore: ȸº¹½ÃÅ°´Ù, Àç°ÇÇÏ´Ù 12. Çؼ®: ½Ä¹°Àº ¿ì¸® Áö±¸»ó¿¡¼­ »ì¾Æ¿Â ¼ö¾ï ³â µ¿¾È ³î¶ó¿ï Á¤µµ·Î ÀÚ±ÞÀÚÁ·ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ½Ä¹°Àº žç°ú À¯¿ëÇÑ °ü°è¸¦ È®¸³ÇÑ °Í ¿Ü¿¡µµ, _ÀڽŸ¸ÀÇ Åä¾çÀ» °¡²Ù¾î ³ª°¡´Â °Í_À» ¹è¿ì°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ½Ä¹°ÀÌ Á×À¸¸é ¹Ù·Î ¶¥ À§¿¡ ¶³¾îÁö°í ºÎÆÐÇÏ¿© ¸¹Àº °ïÃæ°ú ¹ú·¹µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¸ÔÈ÷´Â °Í °°´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀº Á×Àº ½Ä¹°µéÀÌ ´ÜÁö ƯÁ¤ ¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ¿Í ¹ö¼¸±Õµé¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ­¸¸ ¸ÔÈù´Ù´Â Á¡À» ¹ß°ßÇÏ°í Ãæ°ÝÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ½Ä¹°Àº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Àڸż¼Æ÷°¡ ÀÚ¶ó°Ô µÉ Åä¾ç¿¡ À¯ÀÍÇÑ ±¤¹°ÁúÀ» ¸¸µé¾î ÁÙ ±×·± ¹Ì»ý¹°°ú Áö··À̵鸸À» ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ºÎÆÐÇÑ ºÎºÐÀ¸·Î ²ø¾îµéÀÌ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù. ½Ä¹°ÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Åä¾çÀ¸·Î ƯÁ¤ ¹Ì»ý¹°À» ²ø¾îµéÀÌ´Â ÇÑ °¡Áö ¹æ¹ýÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »Ñ¸®¿¡ ´õ ¸¹Àº ´çºÐÀ» ³óÃà½ÃÅ°´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ´ç±Ù°ú °¨ÀÚ¿Í °°Àº »Ñ¸®´Â Ç×»ó ±× ½Ä¹°ÀÇ ³ª¸ÓÁö ºÎºÐº¸´Ù ÈξÀ ´õ ´Þ´Ù. ºÐ¸íÈ÷ Åä¾çÀÇ ÁúÀº ½Ä¹°À» À§ÇÑ ¼öºÐ°ú ±¤¹°ÁúÀÇ ¿øõÀ¸·Î¼­»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ »ýÁ¸À» À§ÇØ °áÁ¤ÀûÀ¸·Î Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ½Ä¹°ÀÇ ÀÚ±ÞÀÚÁ· ´É·Â¿¡ °üÇÑ ³»¿ëÀ¸·Î ½Ä¹°ÀÌ Á׾ ºÎÆÐÇϸé ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Åä¾ç¿¡ À¯ÀÍÇÑ ±¤¹°ÁúÀ» ¸¸µé¾î ³¾ ¹Ì»ý¹°°ú Áö··À̵鸸À» ²ø¾îµéÀÌ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ ºóÄ­ µÚ¿¡ À̾îÁö°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ºóÄ­¿¡ ¨è ¡®to grow their own soil(ÀڽŸ¸ÀÇ Åä¾çÀ» °¡²Ù¾î ³ª°¡´Â °Í)¡¯ÀÌ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ç ¼ö¸íÀ» ¿¬ÀåÇÏ´Â °Í ¨é ¹Ì»ý¹°À» ¼·ÃëÇÏ´Â °Í ¨ê ¹ÚÅ׸®¾ÆÀÇ °ø°Ý¿¡¼­ »ì¾Æ³²´Â °Í (±¸¹®) Plants know how to attract to their own rotting _only those microorganisms and earthworms_ that will produce beneficial minerals for the soil _where_ the plants' siblings will grow.: µ¿»ç attractÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î´Â only those microorganisms and earthwormsÀ̸ç, to their own rottingÀº ¡®~·Î¡¯¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â ºÎ»ç±¸ÀÌ´Ù. °ü°èºÎ»ç where°¡ À̲ô´Â ÀýÀÌ ¾ÕÀÇ ¸í»ç the soilÀ» ¼ö½ÄÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * self-sufficient: ÀÚ±ÞÀÚÁ·ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â * researcher: ¿¬±¸ÀÚ * consume: ¸Ô¾î¹ö¸®´Ù, ¼ÒºñÇÏ´Ù * fungi: ¹ö¼¸±Õµé(fungusÀÇ º¹¼öÇü) * attract: ²ø¾îµéÀÌ´Ù, ÁÖÀǸ¦ ²ø´Ù * microorganism: ¹Ì»ý¹° * earthworm: Áö··ÀÌ * beneficial: À¯ÀÍÇÑ * sibling: Àڸż¼Æ÷, ÇüÁ¦, ÀڸŠ* concentrate: ÁýÁßÇÏ´Ù, ³óÃàÇÏ´Ù * apparently: ¸í¹éÈ÷, ¿Ü°ü»óÀ¸·Î 62ÂÊ 13. Çؼ®: ÁËÃ¥°¨°ú ±äÃàÀÇ ½Ã±â¸¦ Àß ±Øº¹ÇÏ·Á°í ³ë·ÂÇϸ鼭, ¸¶ÄÉÆà ´ã´çÀÚµéÀº ±×µéÀÌ ¹Ù¶ó±â¿¡ ¼ÒºñÀÚÀÇ ÁËÃ¥°¨°ú ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ÀÚÁ¸°¨À» ±Øº¹ÇÏ°í ±× °á°ú·Î ¼Òºñ¸¦ ȸº¹½Ãų Àü·«À» ã´Â´Ù. ¼ÒºñÀÚ Çൿ¿¡ °üÇÑ »õ·Î¿î ¿¬±¸´Â ÇÑ °¡Áö È¿°úÀûÀÎ Àü·«Àº ¼ÒºñÀÚµéÀÌ _±×µéÀÇ ÀھƻóÀÇ ±ÕÇüÀ» ¸ÂÃß·Á°í ÇÏ´Â_ ¹«ÀǽÄÀûÀÎ ½Ãµµ¸¦ ÀνÄÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ½Ã»çÇÑ´Ù. ¿¬±¸´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀھƻóÀÌ Ç¥ÁØ ¼öÁØÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¹þ¾î³ª¸é º¸»ó ÇൿÀ» ½ÃÀÛÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¿© ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ´Ù½Ã ¸»ÇØ, ¾î¶² »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÀھƻóÀÌ ¾Æ·¡·Î ¶³¾îÁö¸é, ±× »ç¶÷Àº °¡·É ¶¸¶¸ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ Áñ°Å¿òÀ» ±¸¸ÅÇϰųª ¼ÒºñÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» »ï°¡´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ÀÌ ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ÀÚÁ¸°¨À» º¸»óÇÏ·Á°í ÇÑ´Ù. ¹Ý¸é¿¡ ¸¸ÀÏ ¾î¶² »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÀھƻóÀÌ Ç¥ÁØ ¼öÁØ À§·Î ¿Ã¶ó°¡¸é, ±× »ç¶÷Àº ±×·¸Áö ¾Ê´Ù¸é ÁËÃ¥°¨ÀÇ °¨Á¤°ú ¿¬°üµÉ ÇàÀ§¿¡ ±¼º¹ÇÏ´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¼ÒºñÀÚµéÀº ¹«ÀǽÄÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÚÁ¸°¨(Àھƻó)ÀÇ ±ÕÇüÀ» ¸ÂÃß±â À§Çؼ­ º¸»ó ÇൿÀ» ÇÏ´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÇ ±ÛÀ̹ǷÎ, ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨è ¡®to balance their self-image(±×µéÀÇ ÀھƻóÀÇ ±ÕÇüÀ» ¸ÂÃß·Á ÇÏ´Â)¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ç ¶¸¶¸Ä¡ ¸øÇÑ Áñ°Å¿òÀ» ÃÖ¼ÒÈ­ÇÏ·Á°í ÇÏ´Â ¨é ÀçÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ¸é¿¡¼­ ¾ÈÁ¤ÀûÀ¸·Î ´À³¢·Á°í ÇÏ´Â ¨ê ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷À¸·ÎºÎÅÍÀÇ ºñ³­À» ÇÇÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â (±¸¹®) As they try to maneuver through times of guilt and austerity, marketers seek tactics _that they hope_ will overcome consumers' guilt and negative self-regard --and will as a result revive consumption.: °ü°è´ë¸í»ç thatÀÌ À̲ô´Â ÀýÀÌ ¾ÕÀÇ ¸í»ç tactics¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. À̶§ they hope´Â »ðÀÔÀý·Î, °ü°è´ë¸í»ç thatÀº À̾îÁö´Â Àý ¼Ó¿¡¼­ ÁÖ¾î ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * maneuver: Ã¥·«À» ¾²´Ù, ±³¹¦ÇÏ°Ô Ã³¸®ÇÏ´Ù * marketer: ¸¶ÄÉÆà ´ã´çÀÚ * tactic: Àü·« * self-regard: ÀÚÁ¸°¨ * revive: ȸº¹½ÃÅ°´Ù * engage in: ~À» ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Ù, ~¿¡ Âø¼öÇÏ´Ù * compensatory: º¸»óÀÇ * deviate: ÀÏÅ»ÇÏ´Ù * dip: (¾Æ·¡·Î) ³»·Á°¡´Ù(¶³¾îÁö´Ù) * compensate: º¸»óÇÏ´Ù, ¹úÃæÇÏ´Ù * refrain from: ~À» »ï°¡´Ù * inclined to: ~ÇÏ´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Â * give in to: ~¿¡ ±¼º¹ÇÏ´Ù 14. Çؼ®: ÇѹøÀº ³» ÆÀ¿¡ ¼Ò¼ÓµÈ ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÌ Á÷Àå¿¡¼­ °Þ°í ÀÖ¾ú´ø ¹®Á¦¸¦ °¡Áö°í ³ª¿¡°Ô ¿Ô´Ù. ±×³à°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Èûµç ÀÏ°ú °¨Á¤À» ¼³¸íÇÒ ¶§ ³ª´Â Á¤È®È÷ ¹«¾ùÀÌ ±×³à¸¦ ±«·ÓÈ÷°í ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¾Ë¾Æ³»·Á Çß´Ù. ±×³à°¡ ¿ï±â ½ÃÀÛÇßÀ» ¶§ ±×³àÀÇ °¨Á¤Àº °ð ³ª¿¡°Ô ¸íÈ®ÇØÁ³´Ù. ȤÀº Àû¾îµµ ³ª´Â ±×°ÍµéÀÌ ¸íÈ®ÇÏ´Ù°í »ý°¢Çß´Ù. ³ª´Â ±×³à¸¦ ¾È¾ÆÁÖ°í ±â¿îÀ» µ¸¿ì±â À§Çؼ­ Ã¥»óÀ» µ¹¾Æ¼­ °¬´Âµ¥, ±×°ÍÀÌ ±×³à°¡ ³ª·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿øÇÏ°í ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̶ó°í »ý°¢Ç߱⠶§¹®À̾ú´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ³ª´Â »óȲÀ» ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ À߸ø ÀÌÇØÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×³à´Â ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ µÚ·Î ¿òÂñÇÏ¸ç ¹°·¯³µ´Ù. ±×³à´Â ½½ÆÛÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ±×³à´Â È­°¡ ³ª ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×³à´Â ³»°¡ ¹®Á¦ÀÇ Áø½Ç¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­ µè°í ÀνÄÇÏ´Â °Í ¿Ü¿¡ ±× ¾î¶² °Íµµ Çϱ⸦ ¿øÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ±×³à´Â ³»°Ô °è¼ÓÇؼ­ ±×³à¸¦ ½½ÇÁ°Ô ¸¸µé°í ÀÖ¾ú´ø ¹®Á¦Á¡À» ¸»Çß´Ù. ³ª´Â ±â´Ù·Á¼­ ¡®±×³à¡¯°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ÀǹÌÇÏ´Â ¹Ù¸¦ ³ª¿¡°Ô ¸»Çϵµ·Ï ÇØ¾ß Çß´Ù. ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ µè±â´Â _»ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ±×µéÀÌ ÀǹÌÇÏ´Â ¹Ù¸¦ ´ç½Å¿¡°Ô ¸»ÇÒ °ø°£À» ¸¸µé¾î ÁÖ´Â °Í_ÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ÁøÁ¤À¸·Î »ó´ë¹æÀÇ ¸»À» µè´Â´Ù´Â °ÍÀº »ó´ë¹æÀÌ ¸»ÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ¹Ù¸¦ ¸»ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï »óȲÀ» ¸¶·ÃÇØ ÁÖ´Â °ÍÀ̶ó´Â ³»¿ëÀÇ ±ÛÀ̹ǷÎ, ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨ë ¡®creating a space for people to tell you what they mean(»ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ±×µéÀÌ ÀǹÌÇÏ´Â ¹Ù¸¦ ´ç½Å¿¡°Ô ¸»ÇÒ °ø°£À» ¸¸µé¾î ÁÖ´Â °Í)¡¯ÀÌ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ç ´Ù¸¥ °üÁ¡µé »çÀÌÀÇ °£°ÝÀ» ¸Þ¿ì´Â °Í ¨è È­ÀÚÀÇ °¨Á¤°ú ´À³¦À» Èä³»³»´Â °Í ¨é Áö¼ÓÀûÀÎ °ü°è¸¦ ¸Î±â À§ÇØ ÇÔ²² ³ë·ÂÇÏ´Â °Í (±¸¹®) As she explained her struggles and feelings, I tried to figure out _what exactly was bothering her_.: figure outÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î·Î °£Á¢Àǹ®¹® what exactly was bothering her°¡ ¿ÔÀ¸¸ç, Àǹ®»ç whatÀÌ ÁÖ¾î ¿ªÇÒÀ» µ¿½Ã¿¡ ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * figure out: ~À» ÀÌÇØÇÏ´Ù(¾Ë¾Æ³»´Ù) * bother: ±«·ÓÈ÷´Ù * reassure: ±â¿îÀ» µ¸¿ì´Ù, ¾È½É½ÃÅ°´Ù * recoil: µÚ·Î ¹°·¯³ª´Ù * bridge: (°£°ÝÀ») ¸Þ¿ì´Ù, ´Ù¸®¸¦ ³õ´Ù * simulate: Èä³» ³»´Ù, °¡ÀåÇÏ´Ù 15. Çؼ®: ³» »ý°¢¿¡, ¿ì¸®°¡ ¼öÇаú °úÇÐ ¹ýÄ¢À» ¸¸µå´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ±×°ÍµéÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÑ´Ù. _±×°ÍµéÀº ¿ì¸®¿Í´Â º°°³·Î Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù_. ³ª´Â ¼öÇÐ ¹ýÄ¢ÀÌ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¼öÁØ°ú ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¹°¸®Àû ½ÇÀ縦 ¶Ù¾î ³Ñ´Â´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù. ¡°3+1=8¡±À̶ó´Â Áø¼úÀº Ʋ¸° °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Á¤¼ö°¡ ¹ß°ßµÇ±â Àü¿¡µµ ±× Áø¼úÀÌ Æ²¸° °ÍÀ̾ú³ª? ³ª´Â Ʋ¸° °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù. ¼ýÀÚ¿Í ¼öÇÐÀº Àΰ£ÀÌ ±×°Í¿¡ °üÇØ ¾Ë°í ÀÖµç ¸ð¸£°í ÀÖµçÁö °£¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. Martin Gardner´Â ÇÑ ¶§ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »ý°¢À» ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ Áø¼úÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¡°°ø·æ µÎ ¸¶¸®°¡ °³°£Áö¿¡¼­ ´Ù¸¥ °ø·æ µÎ ¸¶¸®¸¦ ¸¸³­´Ù¸é, ¼³·É °ø·æµéÀÌ ³Ê¹« ¾î¸®¼®¾î¼­ ±×·± »ç½ÇÀ» ¾Ë¾ÆÂ÷¸®Áö ¸øÇÑ´Ù°í ÇÒÁö¶óµµ, ³× ¸¶¸®ÀÇ °ø·æÀÌ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.¡± ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çؼ­, Àΰ£µéÀÌ ÁÖº¯¿¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸é¼­ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »ç½ÇÀ» ÀνÄÇÏµç ¸øÇÏµç °£¿¡, Áö±Ý ³× ¸¶¸®ÀÇ °ø·æµéÀÌ °³°£Áö¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) 63ÂÊ existence independent from us(±×µéÀº ¿ì¸®¿Í´Â º°°³·Î Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù)¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ç ±×°ÍµéÀº º¯È­ÇÏ°í º¯ÇüµÇ±â ½±´Ù ¨é ±×°Íµé ´ëºÎºÐÀº ¼ö¿¡¼­ À¯·¡Çß´Ù ¨ê ±×°ÍµéÀº ±âº»ÀûÀÎ °è»êÀ» ÇнÀÇÏ´Â ¿­¼èÀÌ´Ù (±¸¹®) Numbers and mathematics exist _whether_ humans know about them _or not_./~ four dinosaurs are now in the clearing, _whether or not_ humans are around to appreciate this fact.: Á¢¼Ó»ç 'whether ¡¦ or not(¡¦À̵çÁö (¾Æ´ÏµçÁö))'ÀÌ ¾çº¸ÀÇ ºÎ»çÀýÀ» À̲ø°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * physical: ¹°¸®ÀûÀÎ * state: Áø¼úÇÏ´Ù * clearing: °³°£Áö * appreciate: ÀνÄÇÏ´Ù, ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ´Ù 16. Çؼ®: Belding ¾ó·è ´Ù¶÷Áã »çÀÌ¿¡¼­, ¼öÄÆÀº ÁýÀ» ¶°³ª°í ¾ÏÄÆÀº ž °÷¿¡¼­ ÀÚ¶õ´Ù. ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¼öÄÆÀÌ ÁÖ·Î ¶°³ª ºÐ»êÀÌ ÀÌ·ïÁö´Â °ÍÀº ¼öÄÆ°ú ¾ÏÄÆÀÌ ÁÖÀ§¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °³Ã¼µé°ú °ü°è¸¦ ¸Î´Â ¹æ½Ä¿¡¼­ ºÒ±ÕÇüÀ» ¸¸µé¾î ³½´Ù. Áï, ¾ÏÄƵéÀº Ä£Á·µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ µÑ·¯½ÎÀÌ°Ô µÇ°í, ¹Ý¸é¿¡ ¼öÄƵéÀº ´ë°³ ¿Ïº®È÷ ³¸¼± °³Ã¼µé°ú ÇÔ²² ÀÖ´Â Áö¿ª¿¡ ÀÖ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ºÒ±ÕÇüÀº °æ°íÀ½À» ³¿À¸·Î½á °¡±î¿î Ä£Á·¿¡°Ô °æ°íÇÏ´Â ¾ÏÄƵéÀÌ µÇ°Ô ÇÏ´Â ¹Ý¸é, ¼öÄƵéÀº ´ë°³ °æ°íÀ½À» ³»Áö ¾Ê´Âµ¥ ž °÷¿¡¼­ ¶°³ª¿Ô´Ù´Â °ÍÀº Ä£Á·µéÀÌ º¸Åë ±×·¯ÇÑ °æ°í ´öºÐ¿¡ ÇýÅÃÀ» ¹ÞÁö ¸øÇÔÀ» ÀǹÌÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. Ä£Á·¿¡ ±Ù°ÅÇÑ °æ°íÀ½ °¡¼³À» Ãß°¡·Î ÁöÁöÇØ ÁÖ´Â °ÍÀº ¾ÏÄÆÀÌ Å¾ Áý´Ü¿¡¼­ ÈξÀ ´õ ÀûÀº ¼öÀÇ Ä£Á·À» Áö´Ñ Áý´ÜÀ¸·Î ¸Ö¸® À̵¿ÇÑ µå¹® °æ¿ì¿¡, ±× ¾ÏÄÆÀÌ _ž °÷¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¾ÏÄƺ¸´Ù ´õ ÀûÀº ºóµµ·Î °æ°íÀ½À» ³½´Ù_´Â ShermanÀÇ ¹ß°ßÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ±ÛÀÇ Á߹ݺαîÁö À̾îÁö´Â Ä£Á·¿¡ ±Ù°ÅÇÑ °æ°íÀ½ °¡¼³(Ä£Á·°ú ÇÔ²² »ýÈ°ÇÏ´Â ¾ÏÄÆÀº °æ°íÀ½À» ³»Áö¸¸, Ä£Á·°ú ¶³¾îÁ® »ýÈ°ÇÏ´Â ¼öÄÆÀº °æ°íÀ½À» ³»Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â °¡¼³)À» Ãß°¡·Î ÁöÁöÇØ ÁÖ´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ ¿Í¾ß ÇϹǷÎ, ¨ê ¡®emit alarm calls less frequently than do native females(ž °÷¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¾ÏÄƺ¸´Ù ´õ ÀûÀº ºóµµ·Î °æ°íÀ½À» ³½´Ù)¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ç °á±¹ »õ·Î¿î Áý´ÜÀÇ °æ°íÀ½À» ½ÀµæÇÑ´Ù ¨è ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Ä£Á·À» µ¥·Á¿À·Á°í °è¼Ó ½ÃµµÇÑ´Ù ¨é ´õ ´Éµ¿ÀûÀÌ°í ÇùÁ¶ÀûÀÎ ¼ºÇâÀ» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù (±¸¹®) This asymmetry translates into females who warn close kin by emitting alarm calls, _while_ males generally do not emit calls _since_ their dispersal from their natal areas means their blood kin typically do not benefit from such a warning.: Á¢¼Ó»ç whileÀº ¡®¹Ý¸é¿¡¡¯ÀÇ Àǹ̷Π»ç¿ëµÇ¾î Àǹ̻ó ´ëÁ¶µÇ´Â ÀýÀ» À̲ø°í, since´Â ÀÌÀ¯¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ºÎ»çÀýÀ» À̲ø¾î ¡®~À̱⠶§¹®¿¡¡¯ÀÇ Àǹ̷Π»ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. their blood ¡¦ warningÀº meansÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀýÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * natal: Ãâ»ýÀÇ * dispersal: ºÐ»ê, È®»ê * relative: Ä£Á·, ģô * asymmetry: ºÒ±ÕÇü, ºñ´ëĪ * kin: Ä£Á·, ģô * emit: (¼Ò¸®¸¦) ³»´Ù * kinship: Ä£Á·(ÀÓ), Ä£Á· °ü°è * hypothesis: °¡¼³ 17. Çؼ®: ´«À» Ä«¸Þ¶ó¿¡ ºñÀ¯ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, ±âÃÊ »ý¹°ÇÐ ±³°ú¼­´Â ÀνÄÀÌ ¼ö¹ÝÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ À߸øµÈ ÀλóÀ» ¸¸µé¾î ³»´Â µ¥ À̹ÙÁöÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ´ÜÁö »ó Çü¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹°¸®ÇÐÀÇ °üÁ¡¿¡¼­¸¸ ´«°ú Ä«¸Þ¶ó´Â °øÅëÁ¡ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ´«°ú Ä«¸Þ¶ó µÑ ´Ù ¿ÜºÎ ¼¼°è¿¡¼­ ¿Â ºûÀ» »ó¿¡ ÁýÁß½ÃÅ°´Â ·»Á Áö´Ï°í ÀÖ°í, µÑ ´Ù ÃÊÁ¡°ú ±× »óÀÇ ¸íµµ¸¦ Á¶ÀýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¼ö´ÜÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ´«°ú Ä«¸Þ¶ó µÑ ´Ù »óÀÌ ¸ÎÈ÷´Â ºû¿¡ ¹Î°¨ÇÑ ¸·(°¢°¢ ¸Á¸·°ú Çʸ§)À» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ »ó Çü¼ºÀº º¸´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ³ª¾Æ°¡´Â ´ÜÁö ù ¹ø° ´Ü°è¿¡ ºÒ°úÇÏ´Ù. _´«°ú Ä«¸Þ¶ó »çÀÌÀÇ ÇÇ»óÀûÀÎ ºñÀ¯_´Â µÑ »çÀÌÀÇ ÈξÀ ´õ ±Ùº»ÀûÀÎ Â÷À̸¦ º¸±â ¾î·Æ°Ô Çϴµ¥, ±× Â÷ÀÌ´Â Ä«¸Þ¶ó´Â ´ÜÁö »óÀ» ±â·ÏÇÒ »ÓÀÌÁö¸¸, ¹Ý¸é¿¡ ½Ã°¢ ü°è´Â ±×°ÍÀ» Çؼ®ÇÑ´Ù´Â Á¡ÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ±ÛÀÇ ¾ÕºÎºÐÀº ´«À» Ä«¸Þ¶ó¿¡ ºñÀ¯ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¹°¸®ÀûÀ¸·Î Ÿ´çÇÑ ºÎºÐÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ°í, ºóÄ­ÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ¹®ÀåÀÇ ¹Ù·Î ¾Õ ¹®ÀåºÎÅÍ ±× ºñÀ¯¿¡ ÇÑ°è°¡ ÀÖ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ Àü°³µÇ°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨è ¡®Superficial analogies between the eye and a camera(´«°ú Ä«¸Þ¶ó »çÀÌÀÇ ÇÇ»óÀûÀÎ ºñÀ¯)¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ç ·»ÁîÀÇ ÃÊÁ¡·Â¿¡ À־ÀÇ ºÐ¸íÇÑ Â÷ÀÌ ¨é ¸Á¸·°ú Çʸ§ »çÀÌ¿¡ ¸í¼øÀÀ¿¡ À־ÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ ¨ê ´«°ú Ä«¸Þ¶ó¿¡¼­ »ó Çü¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ÀÇØ (±¸¹®) Only in terms of the physics of image formation _do the eye and camera have_ anything in common.: only¸¦ ¼ö¹ÝÇÏ´Â ºÎ»ç±¸°¡ ¹®µÎ¿¡ ¿À¸é µÚ¿¡ 'Á¶µ¿»ç/beµ¿»ç/doµ¿»ç + ÁÖ¾î + µ¿»ç¿øÇü'ÀÇ ¾î¼øÀ¸·Î µµÄ¡°¡ ÀϾ´Âµ¥ ¿©±â¿¡¼­µµ ÁÖ¾îÀÎ the eye and camera ¾Õ¿¡ do¸¦ ½è´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * liken: ºñÀ¯ÇÏ´Ù * misleading: ¿ÀµµÇÏ´Â * perception: ÀÎ½Ä * entail: ¼ö¹ÝÇÏ´Ù * adjust: ¸ÂÃß´Ù, Á¶ÀýÇÏ´Ù * sensitive: ¹Î°¨ÇÑ * layer: ¸· * cast: ´øÁö´Ù, º¸³»´Ù * retina: ¸Á¸· * obscure: º¸±â ¾î·Æ°Ô ÇÏ´Ù, ¸ðÈ£ÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Ù * fundamental: ±Ùº»ÀûÀÎ 64ÂÊ 18. Çؼ®: ÃÖ±ÙÀÇ Áõ°Å´Â ¾à 400,000³â Àü¿¡ »ì¾Ò´ø ³×¾Èµ¥¸£Å»Àΰú Çö´ëÀÎÀÇ °øÅë Á¶»óÀÌ ¾ÆÁÖ ¼¼·ÃµÈ ¾ð¾î¸¦ ÀÌ¹Ì »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾úÀ»Áöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù´Â Á¡À» ½Ã»çÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ¾ð¾î°¡ À¯ÀüÀÚ¿¡ ±â¹ÝÀ» µÎ¸ç ¹®È­ÀûÀÎ ÁøÈ­·Î °¡´Â ¿­¼è¶ó¸é, ±×¸®°í ³×¾Èµ¥¸£Å»ÀÎÀÌ ¾ð¾î°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù¸é, ¿Ö ³×¾Èµ¥¸£Å»ÀÎÀÇ µµ±¸ ¼¼Æ®´Â ¹®È­ÀûÀÎ º¯È­¸¦ °ÅÀÇ º¸¿©ÁÖÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ»±î? °Ô´Ù°¡, À¯ÀüÀÚ´Â 200,000³â Àü ÀÌÈÄ Àΰ£ÀÇ Çõ¸í µ¿¾È¿¡ ÀǽÉÇÒ ¿©Áö ¾øÀÌ º¯ÇØ ¿ÔÀ» °ÍÀÌÁö¸¸, »õ·Î¿î ½À°üÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀ¸·Î¼­º¸´Ù´Â »õ·Î¿î ½À°ü¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹ÝÀÀÀ¸·Î¼­ º¯ÇØ ¿ÔÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Ãʱ⿡, ÀÍÇô ¸Ô´Â °ÍÀº ´õ ÀÛÀº âÀÚ¿Í ÀÔÀ» À§ÇÑ µ¹¿¬º¯À̸¦ ±× ¹Ý´ë(Å« âÀÚ¿Í ÀÔÀ» À§ÇÑ À¯ÀüÀÚ)º¸´Ù ¼±ÅÃÇß´Ù. ³ªÁß¿¡´Â, ¿ìÀ¯ ¼·Ãë°¡ ¼­±¸ À¯·´Àεé°ú µ¿¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«°è »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô¼­ Á¥´ç ¼ÒÈ­¸¦ ¼ºÀαâ±îÁö À¯ÁöÇϱâ À§ÇÑ µ¹¿¬º¯À̸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇß´Ù. _¹®È­ÀûÀÎ ¸»ÀÌ À¯ÀüÀûÀÎ ¼ö·¹ ¾Õ¿¡ ¿Â´Ù._ À¯ÀüÀûÀÎ º¯È­°¡ ¹ßÀüÀ» À̲ø¾ú´Ù´Â È£¼Ò´Â À¯Àü°ú ¹®È­ÀÇ °øµ¿ ÁøÈ­¸¦ ¿ªÇàÇÑ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº »óÇâ½Ä °úÁ¤¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇÏÇâ½Ä ¼³¸íÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) À¯ÀüÀÚ°¡ º¯ÇÏ¿© ¹®È­ÀûÀÎ ÁøÈ­¸¦ ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¹®È­ÀûÀÎ ÁøÈ­¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹ÝÀÀÀ¸·Î À¯ÀüÀÚ°¡ º¯Çß´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ±âÁ¸ÀÇ Åë³ä°ú ¹Ý´ëµÇ´Â ³»¿ëÀ̹ǷÎ, ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº ¨é ¡®The cultural horse comes before the genetic cart(¹®È­ÀûÀÎ ¸»ÀÌ À¯ÀüÀûÀÎ ¼ö·¹ ¾Õ¿¡ ¿Â´Ù)¡¯·Î, ¹®È­°¡ À¯ÀüÀ» À̲ø°í °£´Ù´Â Á¡À» ¼Ó´ãÀ¸·Î ºø´ë¾î Ç¥ÇöÇß´Ù. ¨ç À¯ÀüÀûÀÎ ÁøÈ­´Â »õ·Î¿î ½À°üÀÇ ¾î¸Ó´ÏÀÌ´Ù ¨è ¸ðµç À¯ÀüÀÚ´Â ±× ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ µ¹¿¬º¯ÀÌÀÇ ¼³°èÀÚÀÌ´Ù ¨ê ¾ð¾îÀûÀÎ »ðÀÌ ¹®È­ÀûÀÎ ±æ·Î °¡´Â µµ·Î¸¦ Æ÷ÀåÇÑ´Ù (±¸¹®) Moreover, genes _would_ undoubtedly _have changed_ during the human revolution after 200,000 years ago, but more in response to new habits than as causes of them.: 'would have+°ú°ÅºÐ»ç'´Â °ú°ÅÀÇ ºÒÈ®½ÇÇÑ ÃßÃøÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»¾î ¡®~ÇßÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù¡¯ÀÇ Àǹ̷Π¾´´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * sophisticated: ¼¼·ÃµÈ * evolution: ÁøÈ­ * undoubtedly: ÀǽÉÇÒ ¿©Áö ¾øÀÌ * revolution: Çõ¸í * mutation: µ¹¿¬º¯ÀÌ, º¯È­ * gut: âÀÚ * vice versa: °Å²Ù·Î, ¹Ý´ë·Î * retain: À¯ÁöÇÏ´Ù * lactose: Á¥´ç, ¶ôÅä¿À½º * digestion: ¼ÒÈ­ * process: °úÁ¤ 19. Çؼ®: ¸¹Àº À½¾Ç°¡¿Í ºñÀ½¾Ç°¡ µÑ ¸ðµÎ¿¡°Ô À־ _À½Ç¥°¡ ÈÞÁöº¸´Ù ´õ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù_´Â °ÍÀº ÈçÇÑ ¿ÀÇØÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ³î¶ó¿î °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñµ¥, ±× ÀÌÀ¯´Â À½¾ÇÀ» À½Ç¥ »çÀÌÀÇ Á¶¿ëÇÑ ¼ø°£º¸´Ù´Â ¸á·Îµð¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î ³»´Â ¼Ò¸®¿Í ¿¬°ü½ÃÅ°´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀÚ¿¬½º·´±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ÈÞÁö´Â Á¶¿ëÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡, »ç¶÷µéÀº Á¾Á¾ ºñ¾îÀÖ´Â ¼ø°£À» Áß¿äÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù°í À߸ø Çؼ®ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¸¸¾à ³ë·¡°¡ ÈÞÁö ¾øÀÌ ¿ÀÁ÷ À½Ç¥·Î¸¸ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ® ÀÖ´Ù¸é ¹«½¼ ÀÏÀÌ ÀϾÁö »ó»óÇØ º¸¶ó. ¡°ÈÞÁö´Â ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â ±×´ë·ÎÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù¡±(¸»Àå³­ÀÌ ÀǵµµÊ)¶ó´Â »ç½Ç°ú´Â º°µµ·Î, À½¾Ç¿¡ ±âÁØÁ¡À̳ª ½Äº°ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÁßÃß°¡ ¾ø´Â ¼Ò¸®ÀÇ º®ÀÌ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±× ÀÌÀ¯´Â ¼Ò¸®µé »çÀÌÀÇ °ø°£ÀÌ ÀÛÇ°ÀÇ ±âÁØÀÌ µÇ´Â ¼±°ú ´ëÁ¶¸¦ Á¦°øÇϸç, À½¾Ç¿¡ ±¸Á¶¿Í Áú°¨À» Áֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. »ç½Ç, ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ÈÞÁö ¼ÒÀýÀÌ ¸Í·ÄÇÑ À½Ç¥·Î °¡µæÂù ¼ÒÀýº¸´Ù ´õ ¸¹Àº À½¾ÇÀ» ´ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº °æ·Â ÀÖ´Â À½¾Ç°¡µé »çÀÌ¿¡¼­´Â ÈçÇÑ °Ý¾ðÀÌ´Ù. *Rests would be history.¶ó´Â Ç¥Çö¿¡¼­ rest´Â ¡®³ª¸ÓÁö¡¯¶ó´Â ¶æÀ¸·Î, ¡®³ª¸ÓÁö´Â ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â ±×´ë·ÎÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù¡¯ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. º»¹®¿¡¼­´Â rest¸¦ ¡®ÈÞÁö¡¯ÀÇ Àǹ̷Π»ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ¸»Àå³­ÀÇ È¿°ú¸¦ ¾ò°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ø·¡´Â The rest is history.(³ª¸ÓÁö´Â ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â ±×´ë·ÎÀÌ´Ù.)¶ó´Â °ü¿ëÇ¥ÇöÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) À½¾Ç¿¡¼­ À½Ç¥°¡ ÈÞÁöº¸´Ù ´õ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù´Â ¿ÀÇØ°¡ ÀÖÁö¸¸, »ç½ÇÀº ±×·¸Áö ¾Ê´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ´Ù. ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¿ÀÇØÀÇ ³»¿ëÀÌ ¿Í¾ß ÇϹǷÎ, ¨ç ¡®notes are more important than rests(À½Ç¥°¡ ÈÞÁöº¸´Ù ´õ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù)¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨è ÈÞÁö´Â À½¾Ç¿¡ Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ ±âÁØÁ¡À» Á¦°øÇÏ´Ù ¨é ħ¹¬Àº À½¾ÇÀÇ ¼Ò¸®¸¸Å­ ÀÇ¹Ì ÀÖ´Ù ¨ê ¼±À²Àº ¼Ò¸®ÀÇ ¸ðÀ½¿¡ Áö³ªÁö ¾Ê´Ù (±¸¹®) In fact, _it_ is a common saying among experienced musicians _that_ a full measure of rest can hold more music than a full measure of blistering notes.: itÀº °¡ÁÖ¾îÀÌ°í, that ¡¦ notes°¡ ÁøÁÖ¾îÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * misconception: ¿ÀÇØ * note: À½Ç¥ * misinterpret: À߸ø Çؼ®ÇÏ´Ù * pun: ¸»Àå³­ * reference point: ±âÁØÁ¡ * discernible: ½Äº°ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â * baseline: ±âÁؼ± * texture: Áú°¨, ¿Ü¸éÀûÀÎ ´À³¦ * measure: ¹ÚÀÚ, °¡¶ô, ¼ÒÀý * blistering: ¸Í·ÄÇÑ 20. Çؼ®: ºñ¿ë °ßÀûÀº ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ÀΰǺñ¿Í ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ½Ã°£À» ´Ü¼ø °ö¼ÀÇؼ­ ½Ã°£ °ßÀûÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ µµÃâµÈ´Ù. _¿©·¯ ±â¼úÀÌ °ü¿©µÈ Á¶Á¤ ¹®Á¦_¸¦ Á¶½ÉÇ϶ó. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ÇÑ ´ë±â¾÷ÀÌ Àü±â ¸ðÅ͸¦ Á¦°ÅÇϱâ À§Çؼ­ ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ Á÷¿øÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â Á¤Ã¥À» °®°í ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇØ º¸ÀÚ. µ¤°³¸¦ Á¦°ÅÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ¾çö°ø, Àü±â °ø±ÞÀ» ²÷±â À§ÇÑ Àü±â ±â»ç, ´ëÀÇ ºøÀåÀ» ¿©´Â ±â°è ¼³Ä¡°ø, ±×¸®°í ´ë·ÎºÎÅÍ ¸ðÅ͸¦ Á¦°ÅÇÏ´Â ÇѵΠ¸íÀÇ ³ëµ¿ÀÚ. ÀÌ·± »óȲÀº ¸ðµç ³× °³ÀÇ ÀÛ¾÷ÀÌ ÇÔ²² ¿¹Á¤µÇ¾î¾ß Çϱ⠶§¹®¿¡, ºñÈ¿À²¼º°ú ³ôÀº ÀΰǺñ·Î °¡µæ Â÷ Àִµ¥, ³× ¹ø° »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÀÏÀ» ÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È Àû¾îµµ ¼¼ ¸íÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀº ÁöÄѺ¸°Ô µÈ´Ù. ±× ºñ¿ëÀº ¿ø·¡ µé ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ºñ¿ëº¸´Ù Àû¾îµµ ³× ¹èÀÏ °ÍÀ̸ç, ±× ÀÛ¾÷À» ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷ ÇÑ ¸íÀÌ Á¤½Ã¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³ªÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é Á¾Á¾ ´õ Ä¿Áú °ÍÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) 65ÂÊ ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨ê ¡®coordination problems where multiple crafts are involved(¿©·¯ ±â¼úÀÌ °ü¿©µÈ Á¶Á¤ ¹®Á¦)¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ç Á¶¾ÇÇÑ ±Ù¹« Á¶°ÇÀ¸·Î ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ºñÈ¿À²¼º ¨è »ç¾÷¿¡¼­ ³ôÀº ÀΰǺñ¸¦ Á¶´ÞÇÏ´Â ¾î·Á¿ò ¨é Áý´ÜÀ¸·Î ÀÏÇÒ ¶§ ³ëµ¿ ±â¼úÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ (±¸¹®) That situation is fraught with inefficiency and high labor costs, since all four trades must be scheduled together, _with_ at least three people _watching_ while the fourth is at work.: 'with + ¸ñÀû¾î + ºÐ»ç'ÀÇ ±¸Á¶·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø ºÎ»ç±¸´Â ¡®~Çϸ鼭¡¯¶ó´Â ºÎ´ë»óȲÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * estimate: °ßÀû * multiply A by B: A¿Í B¸¦ °öÇÏ´Ù * labor rate: ÀΰǺñ * personnel: Á÷¿ø * tinsmith: ¾çö°ø * electrician: Àü±â±â»ç * millwright: ±â°è ¼³Ä¡°ø * unbolt: ºøÀåÀ» Ç®´Ù * mount: ´ë * inefficiency: ºñÈ¿À²¼º 21. Çؼ®: ³²ÀÚ´Â ³¸¼± °Å¸®¿¡¼­ ±æÀ» ÀÒÀ¸¸é Á¾Á¾ ÇöÁö Áֹο¡°Ô ¹æÇâÀ» ¹¯´Â °ÍÀ» ÇÇÇÑ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â Áöµµ¿Í ³ªÄ§¹ÝÀ¸·Î Âü°í °ßµò´Ù. ±æÀ» ÀÒ¾ú´Ù°í ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾î¸®¼®À½À» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ´Â °Íó·³ ´À²¸Áø´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº °íÁ¤°ü³äÀÌÁö¸¸, ¸¹Àº Áø½ÇÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. Àι® °úÇп¡¼­ °£°úµÇ´Â Ä¿´Ù¶õ ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÁÁÀº ºñÀ¯À̱⵵ ÇÏ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â Àΰ£ º»¼ºÀÇ ¾îµÎ¿î ´ë·ú¿¡¼­ ±æÀ» ãÀ¸·Á°í ³ë·ÂÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ì¸® °úÇÐÀÚµéÀº ³ª¸ÓÁö Àηù¸¦ À§ÇØ ¹ö½º¸¦ ¿îÀüÇÏ´Â ¿©Çà °¡À̵å·Î¼­ µ·À» ¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¿ì¸®°¡ Àΰ£ ¸¶À½¿¡¼­ÀÇ ±æÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖÀ» °Å¶ó°í ±â´ëÇÏÁö¸¸, ¿ì¸®´Â ¸ð¸¥´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ¿ì¸®´Â ÇöÁö Áֹο¡°Ô ¹æÇâÀ» ¹¯Áö ¾Ê°í, ¾Æ´Â üÇÏ·Á°í ³ë·ÂÇÑ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â Áö¸®(¡®À̷С¯)¶ó´Â ù ¹ø° ¿ø¸®·Î, ±×¸®°í ¿ì¸® ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¸¸µç Áöµµ(¡®½ÇÁõÀûÀÎ Á¶»ç¡¯)·Î ±æÀ» ãÀ¸·Á°í ÇÑ´Ù. ±æ°¡´Â ÇöÁö ÁÖ¹ÎÀ¸·Î ºÕºñ°í, ±×µéÀÇ µÎ³ú´Â ±× °íÀå¿¡ °üÇÑ Áö½ÄÀ¸·Î °¡µæÇÏÁö¸¸, ¿ì¸®´Â ±æÀ» ¹¯±â¿¡´Â ³Ê¹« °Å¸¸ÇÏ°í ´çȤ½º·´´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ¿ì¸®´Â °ü±¤°´µéÀ» Áñ°Ì°Ô ÇÏ°í °è¸ùÇÒ ±×¸² °°Àº (°úÇÐÀûÀÎ) °æÄ¡¸¦ ¾îµð¿¡¼­ ãÀ»Áö¿¡ °üÇؼ­ _¿¬¼ÓÀûÀÎ °¡¼³À» ¸¸µé°í ¹ö¸®¸é¼­_ ¿øÀ» ±×¸®¸ç ÁÖÇàÇÑ´Ù. (Çؼ³) °úÇÐÀÚ´Â ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô Áö½ÄÀ» ±¸ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ÀڽŵéÀÇ °¡¼³À» ¸¸µé°í ¹ö¸®¸é¼­ Á¦ÀÚ¸®¸¦ ¸Éµ¹°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ µÇ¾î¾ß ÇϹǷÎ, ºóÄ­¿¡ ¨ë ¡®inventing and rejecting successive hypotheses(¿¬¼ÓÀûÀÎ °¡¼³À» ¸¸µé°í ¹ö¸®¸é¼­)¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ç ¹¯±â À§ÇÏ¿© ÇöÁöÀÇ Áö½ÄÀεéÀ» ±â´Ù¸®¸é¼­ ¨è ÇöÁö ÁÖ¹ÎÀÇ Áö½ÄÀ» ÃàÀûÇÏ°í Á¶»çÇϸ鼭 ¨é ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ½ÇÁõÀûÀÎ Á¶»çÀÇ °á°ú¸¦ ¹Ý´ëÇϸ鼭 (±¸¹®) So we drive around in circles, _inventing and rejecting_ successive hypotheses about where to find the scenic vistas _that_ would entertain and enlighten the tourists.: inventing and rejecting ÀÌÇÏ´Â ºÎ´ë»óȲÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ºÐ»ç±¸¹®ÀÌ´Ù. that ¡¦ tourists´Â the scenic vistas¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â °ü°èÀýÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * tough out: °ï¶õÀ» Âü°í °ßµð´Ù * compass: ³ªÄ§¹Ý * grain: ±â¹Ì, ³¹¾Ë * metaphor: ºñÀ¯, ÀºÀ¯ * humanity: Àηù * fake: ²Ù¹Ì´Ù, ~ÀΠôÇÏ´Ù * principle: ¿ø¸® * geography: Áö¸® * empirical: ½ÇÁõÀûÀÎ, °æÇè(½ÇÇè)¿¡ ÀÇ°ÅÇÑ * arrogant: °Å¸¸ÇÑ * embarrassed: ´çȤ½º·¯¿öÇÏ´Â, ´çȲÇÑ * scenic: °æÄ¡°¡ ÁÁÀº * vista: dz°æ, °æÄ¡ * enlighten: °è¸ùÇÏ´Ù 22. Çؼ®: »ç¶÷µéÀº ½ºÆ®·¹½º¸¦ ÁÙÀ̰ųª ½ºÆ®·¹½º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀڽŵéÀÇ ¹ÝÀÀÀ» Á¶ÀýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¸¹Àº ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¹ß°ßÇØ ¿Ô´Ù. °¡´ÉÇÑ ¹æ¹ý¿¡´Â ½ºÆ®·¹½º¸¦ À¯¹ßÇß´ø ¹®Á¦¸¦ ó¸®ÇÏ·Á°í ³ë·ÂÇÏ´Â °Í»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Ưº°ÇÑ ÀÏ»ó È£Èí¹ý, ¿îµ¿, ¸í»ó, ±×¸®°í ±âºÐÀüȯ(¿À¶ô)ÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵȴÙ. »çȸÀûÀÎ ÁöÁö´Â ½ºÆ®·¹½º¿¡ ´ëóÇÏ´Â °¡Àå °­·ÂÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀÇ ÇϳªÀ̸ç, ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀº »ç¶÷µéÀÇ Àڱ⠺¸°í»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ³ú ÃøÁ¤À» ÅëÇØ ±×°ÍÀÇ È¿°ú¸¦ ÀÔÁõÇØ ¿Ô´Ù. ÇÑ ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­ ÇູÇÑ °áÈ¥À» ÇÑ ¿©¼ºµéÀÇ ¹ß¸ñ¿¡ Àû´çÈ÷ °íÅ뽺·¯¿î Ãæ°ÝÀÌ °¡ÇØÁ³´Ù. ¿©·¯ ¹øÀÇ ½Ãµµ¿¡¼­ ±×µéÀº ³²ÆíÀÇ ¼ÕÀ» Àâ°Å³ª, ±×µéÀÌ ¾ËÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¼ÕÀ» Àâ°Å³ª, ȤÀº ´©±¸ÀÇ ¼Õµµ ÀâÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ³²ÆíÀÇ ¼ÕÀ» Àâ¾ÒÀ» ¶§´Â ³úÀÇ ¿©·¯ ºÎÀ§¿¡¼­ ±× ¹ÝÀÀÀÌ ÁÙ¾ú´Ù. ¾ËÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â ³²ÀÚÀÇ ¼ÕÀ» Àâ¾ÒÀ» ¶§´Â Æò±ÕÀûÀ¸·Î ¹ÝÀÀÀÌ ¾à°£ ÁÙ±ä ÇßÁö¸¸, ³²ÆíÀÇ ¼ÕÀ» Àâ¾ÒÀ» ¶§¸¸Å­ ¸¹ÀÌ ÁÙÁö´Â ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¿äÄÁ´ë, ¿¹»óÇÑ ´ë·Î, ³ú ¹ÝÀÀÀº _»ç¶ûÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷À¸·ÎºÎÅÍÀÇ »çȸÀûÀÎ ÁöÁö°¡ ½ºÆ®·¹½º¸¦ ÁÙÀÌ´Â µ¥ µµ¿òÀÌ µÈ´Ù_´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ Àڱ⠺¸°í¿Í ÀÏÄ¡ÇÑ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¿¬±¸ °á°ú°¡ »ç¶ûÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¼ÕÀ» Àâ°í ÀÖÀ» ¶§ ¹ß¸ñÀÇ ÅëÁõ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹ÝÀÀÀÌ ÁÙ¾îµé¾ú´Ù´Â °ÍÀ̹ǷÎ, ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨ë ¡®social support from a loved one helps reduce stress(»ç¶ûÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷À¸·ÎºÎÅÍÀÇ »çȸÀûÀÎ ÁöÁö°¡ ½ºÆ®·¹½º¸¦ ÁÙÀÌ´Â µ¥ µµ¿òÀÌ µÈ´Ù)¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ç ¼ÕÀ» Àâ´Â °ÍÀº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ´õ¿í Ä£±Ù°¨À» ´À³¢µµ·Ï ¸¸µç´Ù ¨è ¿îµ¿°ú ¸í»óÀº ¹ß¸ñ ÅëÁõÀ» ´ú¾î ÁØ´Ù ¨é ³ú¸¦ ÀÚ±ØÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÇÑÃþ ´õÇÑ Çູ°¨À» À¯¹ßÇÑ´Ù (±¸¹®) 66ÂÊ response a little, on the average, but _not as much as_ holding the husband's hand.: ¡®¡¦¸¸Å­ ~ÇÏ°Ô(ÇÑ)¡¯ÀÇ ¶æÀ» °¡Áø 'as + ºÎ»ç(Çü¿ë»ç)ÀÇ ¿ø±Þ + as' ±¸¹®¿¡ ºÎÁ¤¾î notÀ» ÷°¡ÇÏ¿© ¡®¡¦¸¸Å­ ~ÇÑ °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ñ¡¯ÀÇ ¶æÀ» Ç¥ÇöÇϸç, not as much as ¡¦ ±¸¹®Àº ¡®~º¸´Ù ´ú ¡¦ÇÏ°Ô(ÇÑ)¡¯ÀÇ ¶æÀ¸·Î ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * routine: ÀÏ»ó * meditation: ¸í»ó * distraction: ±âºÐÀüȯ, ¿À¶ô * deal with: ~À» ´Ù·ç´Ù * demonstrate: ÀÔÁõÇÏ´Ù, Áõ¸íÇÏ´Ù * measurement: ÃøÁ¤ * moderately: Àû´çÇÏ°Ô * correspond to: ~¿Í ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Ù 23. Çؼ®: ±¹°¡ ÁÖ¿ä ±â¹Ý½Ã¼³Àº ÇÑ ±¹°¡ÀÇ °æÁ¦¿Í »îÀÇ ÁúÀ» ÁöÅÊÇÏ´Â ¸Å¿ì Áß¿äÇÑ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ´Ù. Çö´ë °æÁ¦´Â ¹°Ç°, »ç¶÷, ±×¸®°í Á¤º¸¸¦ ¾ÈÀüÇÏ°í ¹ÏÀ» ¸¸ÇÏ°Ô À̵¿ÇØ ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´É·Â¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÑ´Ù. ±¹°¡ ÁÖ¿ä ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ´Ù¼ö°¡ Àç³­ º¹±¸¿¡¼­ Áß´ëÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ ±×°ÍµéÀÇ Á߿伺À» ´õÇØ ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù. °á°úÀûÀ¸·Î, ÀÚ¿¬°ú °úÇбâ¼úÀÇ ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÑ À§Çè¿¡ Á÷¸éÇؼ­ ÇÑ ±¹°¡ÀÇ ±â¹Ý½Ã¼³¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Á¦°øµÇ´Â ¼­ºñ½ºÀÇ È帧ÀÌ ¹æÇعÞÁö ¾Ê°í °è¼ÓµÇ´Â °ÍÀº Á¤ºÎ¿Í ±â¾÷ ±×¸®°í ÀÏ¹Ý ´ëÁß¿¡°Ô ÃÖ°í·Î Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù. ½Ã½ºÅÛ°ú ¼­ºñ½ºÀÇ ¿¬°è¼ºÀº ±â¹Ý½Ã¼³¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾î¶² ³íÀÇ¿¡¼­µµ ´ë´ÜÈ÷ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù. ÁöÁø¿¡ µÚÀ̾î Áï°¢ÀûÀ¸·Î ¿°·ÁµÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ (¿¹µé µé¸é, °í¼Óµµ·Î, ¹è°ü, ¼ÛÀü¼±°ú °°Àº) Çϵå¿þ¾îÀÇ ÀÛµ¿ÀÌÁö¸¸ ´ëÁߵ鿡°Ô ÁøÂ¥ ¼Õ½ÇÀÌ µÇ´Â °ÍÀº ½ÇÁ¦·Î ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ½Ã½ºÅÛµéÀÌ Á¦°øÇØ ÁÖ´Â ¼­ºñ½ºÀÇ »ó½ÇÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î À§ÇèÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ½Ã½ºÅÛµéÀ» º¸È£ÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡ ÀÖ¾î ³ôÀº ¿ì¼±±ÇÀº _¼­ºñ½ºÀÇ Áö¼Ó¼ºÀ», ¶Ç´Â Àû¾îµµ (¼­ºñ½ºÀÇ) ºü¸¥ º¹±¸¸¦_ È®º¸ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ÀçÇØ°¡ ´ÚÃÆÀ» ¶§ ´ëÁßµéÀÌ °Þ´Â ½ÇÁ¦ÀûÀÎ ¼Õ½ÇÀº ±â¹Ý½Ã¼³¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¼­ºñ½º¸¦ Á¦°ø¹ÞÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̶ó°í ÇßÀ¸¹Ç·Î ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨é ¡®the continuity, or at least the rapid restoration, of service(¼­ºñ½ºÀÇ Áö¼Ó¼ºÀ», ¶Ç´Â Àû¾îµµ ºü¸¥ º¹±¸¸¦)¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ç °æÁ¦ À§±â¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¶±â °æº¸ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ¨è ¼ÛÀü¼±ÀÇ ³»±¸¼º°ú ¾ÈÁ¤¼ºÀ» ¨ê Àç³­ ÅëÁ¦¸¦ À§ÇÑ Àü¹®°¡µéÀÇ Áï½Ã µ¿¿øÀ» (±¸¹®) * Consequently, _it_ is of the utmost importance to government, business, and the public at large _that_ the flow of services [provided by a nation's infrastructure] continues unimpeded in the face of a broad range of natural and technological hazards.: itÀº Çü½Ä»óÀÇ °¡ÁÖ¾îÀÌ°í Á¢¼Ó»ç thatÀÌ À̲ô´Â that ¡¦ hazards°¡ ³»¿ë»óÀÇ ÁøÁÖ¾î ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. thatÀý ¾ÈÀÇ provided ¡¦ infrastructure´Â ¾Õ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¸í»ç services¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ°í ÀÖ°í, provided´Â °ú°ÅºÐ»çÀÇ ÇüÅÂÀÌ´Ù. the flow°¡ thatÀýÀÇ ÁÖ¾îÀÌ°í continues°¡ µ¿»çÀÌ´Ù. * ~, _it is_ actually the loss of services _that_ these systems provide that is the real loss to the public.: 'it is ¡¦ that ¡¦' °­Á¶±¸¹®ÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Âµ¥, ¹®ÀåÀÇ ÁÖ¾îÀÎ actually ¡¦ provide¸¦ it is¿Í thatÀý »çÀÌ¿¡ µÎ¾î °­Á¶ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. that ¡¦ provide´Â ¾Õ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â services¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ´Â °ü°èÀýÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * lifeline: (±³Åë, Åë½Å, Àü·Â µî) »ýÈ°À» À§ÇÑ ÁÖ¿ä ½Ã¼³, ±¸¸í ¹åÁÙ * infrastructure: »çȸ(°ø°ø) ±â¹Ý½Ã¼³ * rely on: ~¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏ´Ù * recovery: º¹±¸, ȸº¹ * utmost: ÃÖ°íµµÀÇ * at large: Àüü·Î¼­, ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î * unimpeded: ¹æÇعÞÁö ¾Ê´Â * hazard: À§Çè * linkage: ¿¬°ü, ¿¬°ü °ü°è * transmission: ¼Û½Å * priority: ¿ì¼±(±Ç) 24. Çؼ®: ±×·³¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í º»ÁúÀûÀ¸·Î µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ±¸Á¶ÀÇ Á¤Ä¡ ÇüÅ´ ¸Å¿ì ´Ù¸¥ ¡®Æ¯Â¡¡¯À» ¶î ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, µ¶Àç ±¹°¡´Â ÀÌ·ÐÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÜȤÇϰųª ÀÚºñ·Î¿ï ¼ö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¹«Á¤ºÎ »óÅ´ ÀÌ·ÐÀûÀ¸·Î ¡®»óÈ£ Çù·Â¡¯À̳ª ȤÀº ¾î¶² °æ¿ì¿¡µç ¹ýÀÇ ¾î¶² Áö¹è ¾øÀÌ ÁøÇàµÇ´Â ¡®¸ðµç °Í¿¡ ´ëÇ×ÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ÀüÀÀ¸·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¹ÎÁÖ ±¹°¡´Â °³ÀÎÁÖÀÇÀûÀ¸·Î ÁöÇâÇÏ´Â °Í°ú´Â ´ëÁ¶ÀûÀ¸·Î »çȸÀûÀ¸·Î ÁöÇâÇÏ´Â Á¤µµÀÇ Ãø¸é¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ±¸º°µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ°í º¸Åë ±×·¸°Ô ±¸º°µÈ´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ¡°°¡Àå ÁÁÀº ±¸Á¶ÀÇ Á¤Ä¡ ÇüÅ´ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡?¡±¶ó´Â Áú¹®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ´äº¯ÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀ̵çÁö, Á¤Ä¡ ±¸Á¶°¡ _±× ÀÚü·Î Á¤Ä¡ÀûÀÎ ³»¿ëÀ» °áÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¾Ê±â_ ¶§¹®¿¡ ¿ì¸®´Â ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±¸Á¶ÀÇ Á¤Ä¡ ÇüÅ°¡ ¾î¶² ¡®Æ¯Â¡¡¯À» °¡Á®¾ß ÇÏ´ÂÁö¸¦ ¾Ë°í ½Í¾î ÇÑ´Ù. »ç½Ç ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ¹Ù·Î ¹ÎÁÖÀûÀÎ ±¸Á¶ ¾È¿¡¼­ ¿ì¸®°¡ ÅõÇ¥¸¦ ÇÏ´Â ÀÌÀ¯Àε¥, ±×·± ¹ÎÁÖÀûÀÎ ±¸Á¶°¡ ¿ì¸®°¡ ¿øÇÏ´Â ¡®Æ¯Â¡¡¯À» °®µµ·Ï °áÁ¤Çϱâ À§Çؼ­ÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) º»ÁúÀûÀ¸·Î µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ±¸Á¶ÀÇ Á¤Ä¡ ÇüŶó ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ ´Ù¸¥ ¡®Æ¯Â¡¡¯À» ¶î ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ¡®°¡Àå ÁÁÀº ±¸Á¶ÀÇ Á¤Ä¡ ÇüÅ´ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡?¡¯¶ó´Â Áú¹®¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­µµ Á¤Ä¡ ±¸Á¶ Çϳª¸¸À¸·Î´Â Á¤Ä¡ÀûÀÎ ³»¿ëÀ» °áÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¿ì¸®´Â ¾î¶² ±¸Á¶ÀÇ Á¤Ä¡ ÇüÅ°¡ ¾î¶² ¡®Æ¯Â¡¡¯À» °¡Á®¾ß ÇÏ´ÂÁö ¾Ë°í ½Í¾î ÇÑ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÇ ±ÛÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨ê ¡®political structure, by itself, does not determine political content(Á¤Ä¡ ±¸Á¶°¡ ±× ÀÚü·Î Á¤Ä¡ÀûÀÎ ³»¿ëÀ» °áÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¾Ê±â)¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ç °á±¹ À¯±ÇÀÚ°¡ Á¤Ä¡ ±¸Á¶¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÏ±â ¨è »ç½Ç Á¤Ä¡ ±¸Á¶°¡ Á¤Ä¡ÀûÀÎ ¡®Æ¯Â¡¡¯º¸´Ù ´õ Áß¿äÇÏ±â ¨é °¡Àå ÁÁÀº ±¸Á¶ÀÇ Á¤Ä¡ ÇüÅ´ °áÁ¤ÇϱⰡ ½±Áö ¾Ê±â (±¸¹®) 67ÂÊ terms of the extent _to which_ they are socially oriented as opposed to individualistically oriented.: °ü°è´ë¸í»ç which´Â °ü°èÀý¿¡¼­ ÀüÄ¡»ç toÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, to which ¡¦ oriented´Â ¼±Çà»ç the extent¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * take on: ~À» ¶ì´Ù * flavor: Ư¡, (µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ) ¸À, dz¹Ì * dictatorship: µ¶Àç Á¤ºÎ(±¹°¡) * brutal: ÀÜȤÇÑ * benevolent: Àھַοî, ÀÚºñ·Î¿î * anarchy: ¹«Á¤ºÎ »óÅ * as opposed to: ~¿Í´Â ´ëÁ¶ÀûÀ¸·Î * oriented: ~À» ÁöÇâÇÏ´Â * individualistically: °³ÀÎÁÖÀÇÀûÀ¸·Î 25. Çؼ®: Èï¹Ì·Ó°Ôµµ, »ç¶÷µéÀº ÀڽŵéÀÌ °á°ú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÅëÁ¦·ÂÀ» Áö´Ï°í ÀÖ´Ù°í ´À³¥ ¶§ ´õ ÀڽŸ¸¸¸Çѵ¥, ÀÌ´Â Áø»óÀÌ ¸í¹éÈ÷ ±×·¸Áö ¾ÊÀ» ¶§Á¶Â÷µµ(ÅëÁ¦·ÂÀ» ÀüÇô °¡Áö°í ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀÌ ¸í¹éÇÒ ¶§Á¶Â÷µµ) ±×·¯ÇÏ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é, µ¿Àü´øÁö±â¿¡¼­ ¾Õ¸éÀÌ ³ª¿Ã °ÍÀÎÁö µÞ¸éÀÌ ³ª¿Ã °ÍÀÎÁö¿¡ ´ëÇØ ³»±â¸¦ °Éµµ·Ï ¿äûÀ» ¹ÞÀ¸¸é ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ µ¿ÀüÀÌ ¾ÆÁ÷ ´øÁ®ÁöÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ» ¶§ ´õ ¸¹Àº ±Ý¾×À» °Å´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ±â·ÏµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. µ¿ÀüÀÌ ´øÁ®Áö°í ±× °á°ú°¡ °¨ÃçÁø °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ³»±â¸¦ °É¶ó´Â ¿äûÀ» ¹Þ¾ÒÀ» ¶§ »ç¶÷µéÀº ´õ ÀûÀº ±Ý¾×À» °É·Á ÇÑ´Ù. »ç¶÷µéÀº ¸¶Ä¡ _ÀڽŵéÀÇ Âü¿©°¡ µ¿Àü ´øÁö±â °á°ú¿¡ ¾î¶»°Ôµç ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¥_ °Íó·³ ÇൿÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ °æ¿ì °á°ú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÅëÁ¦·ÂÀº ¸í¹éÇÑ Âø°¢ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·± ÀνÄÀº ÅõÀÚ¿¡¼­µµ ¶ÇÇÑ ³ªÅ¸³­´Ù. ½ÉÁö¾î ¾Æ¹«·± Á¤º¸ ¾øÀ̵µ »ç¶÷µéÀº ÀڽŵéÀÌ ¼ÒÀ¯ÇÑ ÁÖ½ÄÀÌ ÀڽŵéÀÌ ¼ÒÀ¯ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº Áֽĵ麸´Ù ´õ ÁÁÀº ¼º°ú¸¦ ¿Ã¸®°Ô µÉ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¹Ï´Â´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÁÖ½ÄÀÇ º¸À¯´Â ±× ÁÖ½ÄÀÇ ¼º°ú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÅëÁ¦·ÂÀ» Áö´Ï°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â Âø°¢À» Á¦°øÇÒ »ÓÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) »ç¶÷µéÀº °á°ú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÅëÁ¦·ÂÀ» Áö´Ï°í ÀÖ´Ù°í ´À³¥ ¶§ ´õ ÀڽŸ¸¸¸ÇØ ÇÑ´Ù´Â ÃëÁöÀÇ ±Û·Î µ¿Àü´øÁö±â »ç·Ê¸¦ ÅëÇØ ³íÁö¸¦ ¼³¸íÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. »ç¶÷µéÀº µ¿Àü´øÁö±â¿¡¼­ µ¿ÀüÀÌ ´øÁ®Áö±â Àü¿¡´Â ´õ ¸¹Àº ¾×¼öÀÇ ³»±â¸¦ °ÉÁö¸¸ ÀÏ´Ü µ¿ÀüÀÌ ´øÁ®Áø ÈÄ ±× °á°ú°¡ °¨ÃçÁø »óÅ¿¡¼­ ³»±â¸¦ °É ¶§´Â ´õ ÀûÀº ¾×¼öÀÇ µ·À» °Ç´Ù°í ÇßÀ¸¹Ç·Î ¨è ¡®their involvement will somehow affect the outcome of the toss(ÀڽŵéÀÇ Âü¿©°¡ µ¿Àü ´øÁö±â °á°ú¿¡ ¾î¶»°Ôµç ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¥)¡¯°¡ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ç ³»±âÀÇ ±Ý¾×ÀÌ °á°ú¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¥ ¨é µ¿Àü´øÁö±â¿Í ÁÖ½Ä ÅõÀÚ »çÀÌ¿¡´Â À¯»çÁ¡ÀÌ ÀÖÀ» ¨ê ½ÉÁö¾î µ¿ÀüÀÌ ´øÁ®Áö°í ³­ ÈÄ¿¡µµ ±×µéÀÇ È¯»óÀÌ »ç¶óÁöÁö ¾ÊÀ» (±¸¹®) If the coin is tossed and the outcome is concealed, people will offer lower amounts _when (they are) asked_ for bets.: when asked´Â when they are asked¿¡¼­ they are°¡ »ý·«µÈ ÇüÅÂÀε¥, ºÎ»çÀý¿¡¼­´Â 'Á־beµ¿»ç'°¡ »ý·«µÇ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * overconfident: ÀڽŸ¸¸¸ÇÑ * outcome: °á°ú * the case: ½ÇÁ¤, Áø»ó * coin toss: µ¿Àü´øÁö±â * heads: µ¿ÀüÀÇ ¾Õ¸é * tails: µ¿ÀüÀÇ µÞ¸é * conceal: ¼û±â´Ù, ºñ¹Ð·Î ÇÏ´Ù * perception: Áö°¢(ÀÛ¿ë), ÀÎ½Ä * stock: ÁÖ½Ä 26. Çؼ®: ½ÉÁö¾î Áõ°Å°¡ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â »çȸ°úÇÐ ¿¬±¸ÀÇ ½ÇÇà¿¡¼­Á¶Â÷ Á¾Á¾ Áõ°Å´Â ÀûÀýÇÑ °úÇÐÀû °ËÁõÀ» À§ÇØ Á¤È®ÇÑ ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇÁö´Â ¾Ê´Â´Ù. »çȸ°úÇÐÀÇ ¸¹Àº °æ¿ì¿¡ À־, Áõ°Å´Â ƯÁ¤ ÀÌ·ÐÀ» Áõ¸íÇϱâ À§Çؼ­¸¸, Áï ±× ÀÌ·ÐÀ» µÞ¹ÞħÇÏ´Â ±àÁ¤ÀûÀÎ »ç·ÊµéÀ» ã´Â µ¥¸¸ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °ÍµéÀº ã±â°¡ ½±°í ¿ì¸®°¡ µÎ °³ÀÇ »óÃæÇÏ´Â ÀÌ·ÐÀ» °®°í ÀÖ´Â »çȸ°úÇÐÀÇ ³Î¸® ¾Ë·ÁÁø µô·¹¸¶·Î À̾îÁö´Âµ¥, ±× °¢°¢Àº °¢ÀÚ µÞ¹ÞħÇØ ÁÖ´Â ±àÁ¤ÀûÀÎ °æÇèÀû Áõ°Å¸¦ ÁÖÀåÇÏÁö¸¸, Á¤¹Ý´ëÀÇ °á·Ð¿¡ À̸£°Ô µÈ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ±× µÑ »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ ¾î¶² °áÁ¤À» ³»·Á¾ß Çϴ°¡? ¿©±â¼­ Áõ°ÅÀÇ °úÇÐÀû È°¿ëÀÌ µµ¿òÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é °úÇаú °ü·ÃÇÏ¿© Ư¡ÀûÀÎ °ÍÀº ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀÎ »ç·Êµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Å½»ö, Áï ÀÌ·ÐÀÌ ¿Ç´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» È®ÀÎÇϱ⺸´Ù´Â ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ±× ÀÌ·ÐÀÌ Æ²·ÈÀ½À» ÀÔÁõÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ¹æ¹ýµéÀ» ã´Â °ÍÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. °úÇÐÀû °ËÁõ¼ºÀÇ ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ À§·ÂÀº ±àÁ¤ÀûÀÎ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀÎ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. °ËÁõÀº ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÀÌ·ÐÀÌ ¿Ç´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» È®ÀνÃÄÑ ÁÙ »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, _±× Áõ°Å¿Í ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍµéÀ» Á¦°ÅÇϵµ·Ï_ ÇØ ÁØ´Ù. (Çؼ³) Áõ°ÅÀÇ °úÇÐÀû È°¿ëÀ̶õ ÀÌ·ÐÀÌ ¿Ç´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» È®ÀÎÇϱ⺸´Ù´Â ÀÌ·ÐÀÌ Æ²·ÈÀ½À» ÀÔÁõÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ã¾Æ ÀÌ·ÐÀÌ ¿Ç´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» Áõ¸íÇÑ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀ̹ǷÎ, ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨ê ¡®weed out those that do not fit the evidence(±× Áõ°Å¿Í ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍµéÀ» Á¦°ÅÇϵµ·Ï)¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ç ±×°Íµé°ú ¸ÂÁö ¾Ê´Â Áõ°Å¸¦ ¹«½ÃÇϵµ·Ï ¨è ±àÁ¤ÀûÀÎ °æÇèÀû Áõ°Å¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ±×°ÍµéÀÌ Æ²·ÈÀ½À» ÀÔÁõÇϵµ·Ï ¨é Ãæµ¹ÇÏ´Â ÀÌ·Ðµé »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ ³íÀǸ¦ ½ÉÈ­½ÃÅ°µµ·Ï (±¸¹®) Often in social scientific practice, even _where_ evidence is used, it is not used in the correct way for adequate scientific testing.: where´Â °è¼ÓÀû ¿ë¹ýÀ¸·Î ¾²ÀÎ °ü°èºÎ»ç·Î ¾Õ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â social scientific practice¸¦ ¼±Çà»ç·Î »ï°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * practice: ½ÇÁ¦, ½ÇÇà * affirm: Áõ¸íÇØ º¸ÀÌ´Ù, È®ÀÎÇÏ´Ù * instance: »ç·Ê, °æ¿ì * uphold: ÁöÁöÇÏ´Ù, È®ÀÎÇÏ´Ù * conflicting: Ãæµ¹ÇÏ´Â, ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â * empirical: °æÇèÀÇ, °æÇèÀûÀÎ * distinctive: µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ, ƯÀÌÇÑ * falsify: ~ÀÇ Æ²¸²À» ÀÔÁõÇÏ´Ù 68ÂÊ 27. Çؼ®: _´Ù¾ç¼ºÀº »îÀÇ ¾ç³äÀÌ´Ù_. ¸¸ÀÏ ³»°¡ 50¸íÀÇ Çлýµé¿¡°Ô ·Î¸¶ Á¦±¹ÀÌ ¸ê¸ÁÇÑ ¿øÀÎÀ» ÁÖÁ¦·Î ÇÏ´Â 5ÆäÀÌÁö ºÐ·®ÀÇ ¿¡¼¼À̸¦ °úÁ¦¹°·Î ³»Áشٸé, ±×µé ´ëºÎºÐÀº ±×°ÍÀº ±Ã±ØÀûÀ¸·Î´Â ±¹°æÁö¿ªÀÇ ¾àÈ­¿¡ À̸£°Ô ÇÑ °æÁ¦ÀûÀÌ°í »çȸÀûÀÎ ¿øÀεéÀÌ º¹ÇÕÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÛ¿ëÇ߱⠶§¹®À̶ó°í ¸»ÇÒ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ¸¹´Ù. À̰͵µ ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ´äÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸, ¸ðµÎ°¡ ¶È°°Àº °ÍÀ» ¸»ÇÏ´Â 45°³ÀÇ ´äÀ» ÀÐ°í ³ª¸é ³ª´Â º¯È­(»ö´Ù¸¥ ´ä)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áغñ°¡ µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ÇбÞÀÇ ³ª¸ÓÁö Çлýµé°ú ´Ù¸¥ °¢µµ¸¦ ÃëÇØ ¿¡¼¼ÀÌ¿¡ ÀûÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¸é ´ç½ÅÀº ±³¼ö´Ôµé¿¡°Ô °­ÇÑ ÀλóÀ» ³²±æ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ´õ ¸¹´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿©±â¿¡ ¹æ½ÉÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ºÎºÐÀÌ Àִµ¥, ±×°ÍÀº ¼­·Î ´Ù¸£´Ù´Â °ÍÀº À§ÇèÇϸç, ´ç½ÅÀÌ ´ç½ÅÀÇ ÁÖÀåÀ» ¾ÆÁÖ ÈǸ¢È÷ µÞ¹ÞħÇÒ ¶§¿¡¸¸ È¿°ú°¡ ÀÖ´Ù´Â Á¡ÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ´ç½ÅÀÌ ·Î¸¶°¡ ¸ê¸ÁÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯´Â ¿À·ÎÁö ±âµ¶±³°¡ ·Î¸¶ÀεéÀÇ ÅõÀï Á¤½ÅÀ» ¾àÈ­½ÃÄױ⠶§¹®À̶ó°í ÁÖÀåÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ´ç½ÅÀº ¸î¸î ÀáÀçÀûÀÎ ¹Ý´ëÀǰߵ鿡 ¸Â¼³ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¼³µæ·Â ÀÖ´Â ³í°Å¿Í ÁÖÀåÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) If you can take a different angle from the rest of the class in a paper, you're more likely to impress your professorsÀÇ ¹®ÀåÀ» ÅëÇؼ­ ÇÊÀÚ´Â Çлýµé¿¡°Ô ³²µé°ú ¶È°°Àº ³»¿ëÀÇ ¿¡¼¼À̸¦ ¾²Áö ¸»°í Á» ´õ »ö´Ù¸¥ ³»¿ëÀ» ¾²¶ó°í ±ÇÀåÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ½À» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨ç ¡®Variety is the spice of life(´Ù¾ç¼ºÀº »îÀÇ ¾ç³äÀÌ´Ù)¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨è ±Û¾²±âÀÇ Á¤¼ö´Â °£°áÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù ¨é °íÀå ³ªÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀº °íÄ¡Áö ¸¶¶ó ¨ê ¹®ÀÌ ¹«º¸´Ù ´õ °­ÇÏ´Ù (±¸¹®) If I assign fifty students a five-page essay on the subject of why the Roman Empire fell, most of them are likely to say _it_ was a combination of economic and social causes ultimately _leading to a weakening of the frontiers_.: itÀº why ¡¦ fellÀ» °¡¸®Å²´Ù. leading ¡¦ frontiers´Â a combination ¡¦ causes¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â ºÐ»ç±¸ÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * assign: ÇÒ´çÇÏ´Ù * combination: °áÇÕ, Á¶ÇÕ * ultimately: ±Ã±ØÀûÀ¸·Î * frontier: ±¹°æ (Áö¹æ), º¯°æ * tricky: ±³¹¦ÇÑ, ´Ù·ç±â Èûµç * risky: À§ÇèÇÑ * back up: ÁöÁöÇÏ´Ù, µÞ¹ÞħÇÏ´Ù * solely: ¿À·ÎÁö, ´Ù¸¸ * persuasive: ¼³µæ·Â ÀÖ´Â * reasoning: Ãß·Ð, ³í°Å, ÀÌ·Ð * argument: ³í°Å * potential: ÀáÀçÀûÀÎ * objection: ¹Ý´ë * brevity: °£°áÇÔ * mighty: °­·ÂÇÑ 28. Çؼ®: _Á¤º¸¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °¡Ä¡ Æò°¡ÀÇ ¾î·Á¿ò_Àº ¿ì¸®°¡ ¸¶À½´ë·Î ¾µ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Á¤º¸ÀÇ °úÀ×À¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ´õ ½ÉÇØÁø´Ù. ÀÌ Á¡Àº ¾î¶² ºÐ¾ß¿¡¼­´Â ÃæºÐÈ÷ ¸í¹éÇÏÁö¸¸--¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, MicrosoftÀÇ ÁÖ½Ä °¡Ä¡¸¦ »êÁ¤Çϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â ¾ó¸¶¸¸Å­ ¸¹Àº Á¤º¸°¡ ÀûÀýÇÒÁö °í·ÁÇØ º¸¶ó.--½ÉÁö¾î´Â Á¤º¸ÀÇ ¼¼Æ®°¡ ´ú È¥¶õ½º·¯¿ö º¸ÀÏ ¶§Á¶Â÷µµ, Á¤º¸ °úºÎÇÏ, È¥¶õ »óÅÂ¿Í °áÁ¤ ȸÇÇ´Â ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ¹ß»ýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¾î¶² ÇÑ ½ÇÇè¿¡¼­ ¾î´À ½´ÆÛ¸¶ÄÏ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °í°´µéÀÌ Àë°ú Á©¸®ÀÇ ¹«·á »ùÇÃÀ» Á¦°ø¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ù ¹ø° Á¢´ë¿¡¼­´Â ¸Àº¸±â¿ëÀ¸·Î ÀÛÀº ¹üÀ§ÀÇ ¼±º° Á¦Ç°ÀÌ ÀÌ¿ë °¡´ÉÇß°í, µÎ ¹ø°´Â Å« ¹üÀ§ÀÇ ¼±º° Á¦Ç°ÀÌ ÀÌ¿ë °¡´ÉÇß´Ù. ¸ðµç »ç¶÷ÀÌ Ç³ºÎÇÑ ¼±ÅñÇÀ̶ó´Â ¾ÆÀ̵ð¾î¸¦ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ°í, ½ÇÁ¦·Î ´õ ¸¹Àº ¼±º° Á¦Ç°ÀÌ ÀÖ´Â Å×À̺íÀÌ ´õ ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀ» ²ø±ä ÇßÁö¸¸, °¡Àå ¸¹Àº ÆǸŸ¦ À¯µµÇÑ °ÍÀº ´õ ÀûÀº ¼öÀÇ »ùÇõéÀÌ ³õ¿© ÀÖ´Â Å×À̺íÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×·²µíÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯´Â ¼±º° Á¦Ç°ÀÌ ¸¹¾Ò´ø ÂÊÀº °áÁ¤(À» ³»¸®´Â °Í)ÀÌ ³Ê¹« º¹ÀâÇؼ­ Áï°¢ÀûÀÎ ÇൿÀ» ÃëÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â ´À³¦, Áï Á¤º¸ÀÇ °úºÎÇϸ¦ ÃÊ·¡Ç߱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ÇѲ¨¹ø¿¡ ¸¹Àº Á¤º¸°¡ Á¦°øµÇ¸é ¾î´À °ÍÀÌ ÁÁÀº Á¤º¸ÀÎÁö¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇϱⰡ ¾î·Æ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ ±ÛÀÇ ÁÖµÈ ³»¿ëÀ̹ǷÎ, ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨ç ¡®Difficulty in assessing information(Á¤º¸¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °¡Ä¡ Æò°¡ÀÇ ¾î·Á¿ò)¡¯ÀÌ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨è ½Å·ÚÇÒ ¸¸ÇÑ Á¤º¸ Á¦°øÀÚÀÇ ºÎÁ·¡¡ ¨é À߸øµÈ Á¤º¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ¾ß±âµÇ´Â Á¤½ÅÀû ÇǷΡ¡ ¨ê ¿ìȸÀûÀÎ Á¤º¸·Î ÀÎÇØ »ý±â´Â ºÒÈ®Á¤¼º (±¸¹®) ¡¦ _it was_ the table with fewer samples _that_ led to the most sales.: 'it was ¡¦ that ¡¦' °­Á¶±¸¹®À¸·Î, the table with fewer samples°¡ °­Á¶µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * assess: Æò°¡ÇÏ´Ù * aggravate: ¾ÇÈ­½ÃÅ°´Ù, ±«·ÓÈ÷´Ù * overabundance: °úÀ×, ³²¾Æµº * at one's disposal: ~ÀÇ ¶æ´ë·Î µÇ´Â, ~ÀÇ Àç·®¿¡ ¸Ã°ÜÁø * realm: ¿µ¿ª * relevant: ÀûÀýÇÑ, Ÿ´çÇÑ, °ü·ÃµÈ * clutter: Èð¶ß¸®´Ù, ¾î¼ö¼±ÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Ù, È¥¶õÄÉ ÇÏ´Ù * overload: °úºÎÇÏ, °úÀûÀç * avoidance: ȸÇÇ, µµÇÇ * selection: Á¤¼±(¹°), ¹ßÃé(¹°) * abundant: dzºÎÇÑ * complicated: º¹ÀâÇÑ * immediate: Áï°¢ÀûÀÎ * shortage: ºÎÁ· * trustworthy: ¹ÏÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â * fatigue: ÇÇ·Î * indeterminacy: ºÒÈ®Á¤(¼º), ºÎÁ¤(ÜôïÒ) * complexity: º¹ÀâÇÔ 29. Çؼ®: °úÇÐÀÇ º»ÁúÀº °üÂûÀÇ ±ÔÄ¢Àû ¾ÐÃàÀ» ã¾Æ³»¾î ÀÚ¿¬ÀÇ °æÇ⼺°ú ±ÔÄ¢¼ºÀ» ¹àÈ÷´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª °üÂûÀÇ °¡°øµÇÁö ¾ÊÀº ¿ø ÀÚ·á´Â Á»Ã³·³ ¸í¹éÇÑ ±ÔÄ¢¼ºÀ» µå·¯³»Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ±×º¸´Ùµµ ¿ì¸®´Â ÀÚ¿¬ÀÇ Áú¼­°¡ ¿ì¸®·ÎºÎÅÍ °¨Ãß¾îÁ® ÀÖ°í, ¾ÏÈ£·Î ÀÛ¼ºµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ½À» ¾Ë°Ô µÈ´Ù. °úÇп¡¼­ Áøº¸¸¦ ÀÌ·ç±â À§Çؼ­ ¿ì¸®´Â ¿ìÁÖÀÇ ¾ÏÈ£¸¦ Çص¶ÇÏ°í ¿ø ÀÚ·á ¾Æ·¡¸¦ ÆÄÇìÃļ­ ¼û¾îÀÖ´Â Áú¼­¸¦ ¹àÈú ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ³ª´Â Á¾Á¾ ±âÃÊ°úÇÐÀ» ½ÊÀÚ¸» ÆÛÁñ Ç®±â¿¡ ºñÀ¯ÇÑ´Ù. ½ÇÇè°ú °üÂûÀº ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ´Ü¼­¸¦ Á¦°øÇØÁÖÁö¸¸, ±× ´Ü¼­µéÀº ºñ¹Ð½º·´°í, ÇØ°áÇϱ⿡ »ó´çÇÑ Ã¢ÀÇ·ÂÀ» ¿äÇÑ´Ù. °¢°¢ÀÇ »õ·Î¿î ÇعýÀ» °¡Áö°í, _¿ì¸®´Â ÀÚ¿¬ÀÇ Á¾ÇÕÀûÀÎ °æÇ⼺À» Á» ´õ º¸°Ô µÈ´Ù_. ½ÊÀÚ¸»À» °¡Áö°í Çϵí, ¹°¸®Àû ¿ìÁÖ¸¦ °¡Áö°í¼­µµ, ¿ì¸®´Â µ¶¸³µÈ ´Ü¼­µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇعýµéÀÌ ÅëÀϼº ÀÖ´Â Àüü¸¦ Çü¼ºÇϱâ À§ÇØ ÀÏ°üµÇ°í Çù·ÂÀûÀÎ ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ÇÔ²² ¿¬°áµÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ´õ ¸¹Àº ´Ü¼­¸¦ ÇØ°áÇÒ¼ö·Ï ºÎÁ·ÇÑ Æ¯¼ºµéÀ» ä¿ì´Â °ÍÀÌ ´õ ½¬¿öÁø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¿ì¸®´Â ¾Ë°Ô µÈ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ÀÚ¿¬ÀÇ ±ÔÄ¢¼ºÀ» ã¾Æ³»´Â ±âÃÊ°úÇÐÀ» ½ÊÀÚ¸» ÆÛÁñ Ç®±â¿¡ ºñÀ¯Çϸç, µ¶¸³µÈ ´Ü¼­¸¦ Çϳª¾¿ ÇØ°áÇØ°¡´Ù º¸¸é ¼û¾î ÀÖ´ø ¿ìÁÖÀÇ Áø¸®¸¦ ¹àÈú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í Çß´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ »õ·Î¿î ÇعýÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³¯ ¶§¸¶´Ù ¿ì¸®°¡ ÀÚ¿¬ÀÇ Àü¹ÝÀûÀÎ ¿ø¸®¸¦ Á» ´õ ÀÌÇØÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù´Â Àǹ̿¡¼­ ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨è ¡®we glimpse a bit more of the overall pattern of nature(¿ì¸®´Â ÀÚ¿¬ÀÇ Á¾ÇÕÀûÀÎ °æÇ⼺À» Á» ´õ º¸°Ô µÈ´Ù)¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ç °úÇÐÀû ½ÇÇèÀÇ ±íÀÌ´Â ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô °æ¿Ü½ÉÀ» °®°Ô ÇÑ´Ù ¨é ¾ÏÈ£¸¦ Çص¶ÇÏ´Â ÀýÂ÷´Â ´õ¿í ´õ ºÒ°¡»çÀÇÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù ¨ê ÀÚ¿¬ÀÇ ±ÔÄ¢¼ºÀº °üÂûÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ÇüÅ·Πµå·¯³­´Ù (±¸¹®) ~, _so that_ the more clues we solve, the easier we find _it to fill in the missing features_: comma(,) µÚ¿¡ ¿À´Â so thatÀº ¡®±×·¡¼­¡¯ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. find ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ¾²ÀÎ itÀº °¡¸ñÀû¾îÀÌ°í Áø¸ñÀû¾î´Â to fill ¡¦ featuresÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * uncover: ¹àÈ÷´Ù * regularity: ±ÔÄ¢¼º * algorithmic: ±ÔÄ¢ÀûÀÎ, ¾Ë°í¸®ÁòÀÇ * compression: ¾ÐÃà * raw data: (°¡°øÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº) ¿ø ÀÚ·á * exhibit: µå·¯³»´Ù * explicit: ¸í¹éÇÑ * crack: Çص¶ÇÏ´Ù, ºÎ¼ö´Ù * fundamental: ±âÃÊÀÇ, Áß¿äÇÑ * considerable: »ó´çÇÑ * ingenuity: µ¶Ã¢·Â, âÀÇ·Â * coherent: ÅëÀϼº ÀÖ´Â, ½ÃÁ¾ÀÏ°üµÈ * entirety: ¿ÏÀü 30. Çؼ®: »õµéÀÌ ÀÌÁÖÇÒ ¶§ °Þ´Â À§Çè¿ä¼ÒµéÀº ±× ¹üÀ§°¡ Æødz¿ì¿¡¼­ ±¾ÁÖ¸²¿¡±îÁö °ÉÃÄÀÖÁö¸¸, ¿©¸§ °ÅÁÖÁö¿¡¼­ ¹ß°ßÇÏ°Ô µÉ Àá½Ã³ª¸¶ dzºÎÇÑ ¸ÔÀÌÀÇ ÀÌÁ¡ÀÌ ±× À§Çèµéº¸´Ù ´õ Å©´Ù. ÁøÈ­ÀÇ °úÁ¤À» »ìÆ캸¸é (»ý¹°)Á¾Àº ÀÌÁÖ¸¦ ÅëÇØ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ À̵æÀ» ¾òÀ» °æ¿ì¿¡¸¸ ÀÌÁÖ¸¦ ÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ½À» ºÐ¸íÈ÷ º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. °°Àº Á¾ÀÇ »õµéÀÌ ÇÑ Áö¿ª¿¡¼­´Â ÀÌÁÖ¸¦ ÇÏ°í, ±× ¹ÛÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ °÷¿¡¼­´Â ÀÌÁÖÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ³ë·¡°³¶ËÁöºü±Í´Â ºÏºÎ ½ºÄÚƲ·£µå¿¡¼­´Â ÀÌÁÖÇÏÁö¸¸, À×±Û·£µå ³²ºÎ¿¡¼­´Â, ÀÌÀÍ°ú ¼ÕÇØÀÇ ±ÕÇüÀÌ ³Ê¹« ¹Ì¹¦Çؼ­ ÀϺδ ½ºÆäÀΰú Æ÷¸£Åõ°¥·Î ÀÌÁÖÇÏ´Â ¹Ý¸é, ´ëºÎºÐÀº º¸Åë °Ü¿ï ³»³» _À×±Û·£µå¿¡ ¸Ó¹®´Ù_. ´õ¿íÀÌ À×±Û·£µåÀÇ °Ü¿ïÀº 1980³â´ë ÀÌÈÄ ´õ µû¶æÇØÁ® ¿ÔÀ¸¸ç ¸¸¾à ±× °æÇâÀÌ Áö¼ÓµÇ¸é ³ë·¡°³¶ËÁöºü±Í´Â Á¡Á¡ ´õ ÀÌÁÖÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °¡´É¼ºÀÌ Å©´Ù. (Çؼ³) »õµéÀÇ °èÀýÀû ÀÌÁÖ´Â ÀÌÁÖ¸¦ ÅëÇØ À̵æÀ» ¾òÀ» °æ¿ì¿¡ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø´Ù. °°Àº Á¾ÀÇ »õµéµµ ÇÑ Áö¿ª¿¡¼­´Â ÀÌÁÖ¸¦ ÇÏ°í, ±× ¹ÛÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ °÷¿¡¼­´Â ÀÌÁÖÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù´Â ¿¹·Î À×±Û·£µå ³²ºÎ ³ë·¡°³¶ËÁöºü±Í¸¦ µé¸é¼­, ÀϺδ ´Ù¸¥ °÷À¸·Î ÀÌÁÖÇÏ´Â ¹Ý¸é, ÀϺδ ¨é ¡®stay in England(À×±Û·£µå¿¡ ¸Ó¹®´Ù)¡¯¶ó°í ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ È帧»ó °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ç ½Ä·® ºÎÁ·À¸·Î °í»ýÇÑ´Ù ¨è ¾ËÀ» ³ºÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù ¨ê ½ºÄÚƲ·£µå·Î µ¹¾Æ°£´Ù (±¸¹®) ¡¦ in the south of England, the balance of advantage against disadvantage is so delicate _that while_ some migrate to Spain and Portugal, the majority normally stay in England.: 'so£«Çü/ºÎ£«that ¡¦(³Ê¹« ~Çؼ­ ¡¦ÇÏ´Ù)' ±¸¹®À¸·Î, thatÀý ¾ÈÀÇ Á¢¼Ó»ç whileÀº ¾çº¸ÀÇ ÀǹÌ(¡¦ÇÒÁö¶óµµ, ~ÇÏÁö¸¸)·Î »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * hazard: À§Çè (¿ä¼Ò) * migration: (»õ µîÀÌ) öµû¶ó ÀÌÁÖÇÔ * range: (¡¦ÀÇ) ¹üÀ§¿¡ À̸£´Ù, ¹ÌÄ¡´Ù * starvation: ±¾ÁÖ¸², ±â¾Æ * outweigh: ~º¸´Ù ´õ Å©´Ù * temporary: ÀϽÃÀûÀÎ * superabundance: °ú´Ù * ensure: È®½ÇÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Ù, º¸ÀåÇÏ´Ù * migrate: (»õ, Áü½ÂÀÌ) öµû¶ó Á¤±âÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÌÁÖÇÏ´Ù * migratory: ÀÌÁÖ(À̵¿)ÇÏ´Â 70ÂÊ (Çؼ³) ¼Õ»óµÈ ¸í¼ºÀ» µÇãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀ» ¹°¹æ¿ï¿¡ ºñÀ¯ÇÏ¿© ¼³¸íÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ±ÛÀÌ´Ù. ±àÁ¤ÀûÀÎ °æÇèÀ» ±ú²ýÇÑ ¹°¹æ¿ï¿¡, ±×¸®°í ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀÎ °æÇèÀ» ºÓÀº ¹°¹æ¿ï¿¡ ºñÀ¯ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ¨ë ¡®a number of clear drops can dilute one red drop(¸¹Àº ±ú²ýÇÑ ¹°¹æ¿ïÀº ÇÑ ¹æ¿ïÀÇ ºÓÀº ¹°¹æ¿ïÀ» Èñ¼®½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù)¡¯°¡ ºóÄ­¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ç ¸¹Àº ±ú²ýÇÑ ¹°¹æ¿ïÀº ½Ã°£ÀÌ Áö³ª¸é ¸¶¸¦ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù ¨è ºÓÀº ¹° ÇÑ ¹æ¿ïÀÌ ´ç½ÅÀÇ »îÀ» ¸ÁÄ¥ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù ¨é ¸¹Àº ¹°¹æ¿ïÀÌ ´ç½ÅÀÇ °æÇè¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¥ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù (±¸¹®) _As_ your experiences with that person grow, _the drops accumulate_ and _the pool deepens_.: ¹®¸Æ»ó ºÎ»çÀýÀ» À̲ô´Â Á¢¼Ó»ç As´Â ¡®~ÇÔ¿¡ µû¶ó, ~ÇÒ¼ö·Ï¡¯À¸·Î Çؼ®ÇÑ´Ù. ÁÖÀýÀº µÎ ¹®ÀåÀÌ and·Î º´·ÄµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * reputation: ÆòÆÇ, ¸í¼º * asset: ÀÚ»ê, Àç»ê * demoralize: ÀDZâ¼ÒħÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé´Ù, »ç±â¸¦ ²ª´Ù * stain: ´õ·´È÷´Ù, ¾ó·èÁö°Ô ÇÏ´Ù * accumulate: ¸ðÀÌ´Ù, ½×ÀÌ´Ù * interaction: »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ë * dilute: Èñ¼®½ÃÅ°´Ù, Èñ¹ÚÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Ù * wash away: ¾Ä¾î³»´Ù, ±ú²ýÀÌ ÇÏ´Ù 32. Çؼ®: ÀÇ»ç¼ÒÅë¿¡ À־ °ÅÀÇ Àß ÀÌÇصÇÁö ¾Ê´Â ¿ª¼³ ÁßÀÇ Çϳª´Â ´Ü¾î°¡ ¾î·Á¿ì¸é ¾î·Á¿ï¼ö·Ï ¼³¸íÀº ´õ¿í´õ ª¾ÆÁø´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÇÑ ´Ü¾î¿¡ ´õ¿í´õ ¸¹Àº Àǹ̸¦ Áý¾î³ÖÀ»¼ö·Ï ±× »ý°¢ÀÌ Àü´ÞµÇ°Ô ÇÏ´Â µ¥´Â ´õ¿í´õ ÀûÀº ´Ü¾î°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. °úÀåµÈ ¸»À» ÀÌÇØÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº ±× ¸»¿¡ ´ëÇØ ºÐ°³ÇÏ°í, ¹°·Ð ±× ¸»Àº ¾ÆÁÖ Á¾Á¾ ¸í·áÇÏ°Ô Çϱ⠺¸´Ù´Â È¥¶õ½º·´°Ô ÇÏ°í ±íÀº ÀλóÀ» ÁÖ±â À§ÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¾ð¾îÀÇ À߸øÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ÀÇ»ç¼ÒÅë µµ±¸¸¦ À߸ø »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÇ °Å¸¸ÀÌ´Ù. dzºÎÇÑ ¾îÈÖ¸¦ ½ÀµæÇÏ´Â °¡Àå ÁÁÀº ÀÌÀ¯´Â _±×°ÍÀÌ ´ç½ÅÀÌ ÀåȲÇØÁöÁö ¾Ê°Ô ÇØ ÁشٴÂ_ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÁøÁ¤À¸·Î ±³À°À» ¹ÞÀº »ç¶÷À̶ó¸é °£°áÇÏ°í ±ò²ûÇÏ°Ô ÀÚ½ÅÀ» Ç¥ÇöÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ¸¸¾à ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¡®imbricate¡¯¶ó´Â ´Ü¾î¸¦ ¸ð¸£°Å³ª »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é, ¡®ÁöºØ À§ÀÇ Å¸ÀÏ, ¹°°í±âÀÇ ºñ´Ã ȤÀº ²É¹Þħó·³ ±ÔÄ¢ÀûÀ¸·Î ¹è¿­µÈ, ºÎºÐÀûÀ¸·Î °ãÄ£ ¸ð¼­¸®°¡ Àִ¡¯À̶ó°í ´©±º°¡¿¡°Ô ¸»ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÇÑ ´Ü¾î·Î µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸»Çϱâ À§ÇØ ½º¹« °³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ´Ü¾î¸¦ ¾²°Ô µÈ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ºóÄ­ ÀÌÈÄÀÇ ¹®Àå¿¡¼­ ¿¹¸¦ µç °Íó·³ imbricate¶ó°í ÇÏ¸é µÉ °ÍÀ», ±× ´Ü¾î¸¦ ¸ð¸£´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ±×°ÍÀ» Ç®¾î¼­ ½º¹« °³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ´Ü¾î¸¦ ¾²°Ô µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â °ð dzºÎÇÑ ¾îÈÖ¸¦ ½ÀµæÇϸé ÀåȲÇØÁöÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇϹǷÎ, ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨ç ¡®it keeps you from being long-winded(±×°ÍÀÌ ´ç½ÅÀÌ ÀåȲÇØÁöÁö ¾Ê°Ô ÇØ ÁØ´Ù)¡¯°¡ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨è Áß´ëÇÑ ¿ÀÇظ¦ ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù ¨é ±×°ÍÀ» ÅëÇØ ´ç½ÅÀÇ ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ Àǵµ¸¦ ¼û±æ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù ¨ê ±×°ÍÀ» ÅëÇØ ´ç½Å ½º½º·Î¸¦ ´õ ÀλóÀûÀ¸·Î Ç¥ÇöÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù (±¸¹®) A genuinely educated person can express _himself_ tersely and trimly.: expressÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î·Î ¾²ÀÎ himself´Â ÁÖ¾îÀÎ A genuinely educated person°ú µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ´ë»óÀ̹ǷΠÀç±Í´ë¸í»ç¸¦ ¾´ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * paradox: ¿ª¼³ * get the idea across: »ý°¢À» ÀÌÇؽÃÅ°´Ù * big words: °úÀåµÈ ¸», È£¾ðÀå´ã * resent: ºÐ°³ÇÏ´Ù, ¿ø¸ÁÇÏ´Ù * impress: (±íÀº) ÀλóÀ» ÁÖ´Ù * clarify: ºÐ¸í(¸í·á)ÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Ù * arrogance: ¿À¸¸, °Å¸¸ * long-winded: ±æ°í Áö·çÇÑ, ÀåȲÇÑ * genuinely: Áø½Ç·Î * tersely: °£°áÇÏ°Ô * trimly: ±ò²ûÇÏ°Ô * imbricate: ºñ´Ã(±â¿Í) ¸ð¾çÀ¸·Î °ãÃÄÁø * edge: ¸ð¼­¸® * overlap: ºÎºÐÀûÀ¸·Î °ãÄ¡´Ù * arrangement: ¹è¿­, ¹èÄ¡ * sepal: ²É¹Þħ 33. Çؼ®: ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¾î¶² °á°ú¸¦ ³»´Â µ¥ ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î ÁýÁßÇÏ´Â ÇÑ, ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ±× °á°ú°¡ ´õ¿í »¡¸® ±×¸®°í ´õ¿í ½±°Ô ³ª¿Ã¼ö·Ï ´õ ÁÁ´Ù. ´ç½Å ÀÚ½ÅÀ̳ª °¡Á·À» À§ÇØ ÃæºÐÇÑ À½½ÄÀ» È®º¸ÇÏ·Á´Â °áÀÇ´Â ´ç½ÅÀ¸·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ¶¥À» °¥°í °¡ÃàÀ» µ¹º¸´Âµ¥ ÁöÄ¡°Ô ÇÏ´Â ³¯µéÀ» º¸³»µµ·Ï À¯ÀÎÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÚ¿¬ÀÌ ½ÄŹ¿¡ Â÷·ÁÁú À½½Ä°ú °í±â¸¦ ÃæºÐÈ÷ Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù¸é, ´ç½ÅÀº ¸¹Àº ³ëµ¿À» ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÀÚ¿¬¿¡°Ô °¨»çÇØ ÇÏ°í, ½º½º·Î ÇüÆíÀÌ ÈξÀ ´õ ³´´Ù°í ¿©±æ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿äÄÁ´ë ¼öÇàµÈ ¸ñÀûÀº ¼öÇàÇϴµ¥ ¼ÒºñµÈ ½Ã°£°ú ¿¡³ÊÁö°¡ °á°ú·Î ³ªÅ¸³­ ÀÚ»ê°ú ±ÕÇüÀ» ÀÌ·ç´Â °Å·¡ÀÌ°í, ÀÌ»óÀûÀÎ °æ¿ì´Â _ÀüÀÚ(îñíº)°¡ 0¿¡ °¡±î¿öÁö°í, ÈÄÀÚ(ý­íº)´Â ¹«ÇÑ´ë¿¡ °¡±î¿öÁö´Â_ °æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¸é ¸ñÀûÀº ³ë·ÂÀÇ °á½Ç·Î ÀÎÇØ ´ÜÁö Á¶°ÇºÎ·Î ¿ä±¸ÇÑ ³ë·ÂÀ» Á¤´çÈ­ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¸ñÀûÀ» ¼öÇàÇÏ´Â µ¥ µå´Â ½Ã°£°ú ¿¡³ÊÁö´Â ±×ÀÇ °á°ú·Î ÀÎÇØ ³ªÅ¸³­ ÀÚ»ê°ú ±ÕÇüÀ» ÀÌ·ç´Â °Å·¡ °ü°è¿¡ ÇØ´çÇϴµ¥, °¡Àå ÀÌ»óÀûÀÎ °Å·¡´Â ½Ã°£°ú ¿¡³ÊÁö´Â 0¿¡ °¡±õ°í, °á°ú·Î ³ªÅ¸³­ ÀÚ»êÀº ¹«ÇÑ´ë¿¡ °¡±î¿î °æ¿ì¶ó´Â ³»¿ëÀÇ ±ÛÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨ë ¡®the former approximates to zero and the latter to infinity(ÀüÀÚ°¡ 0¿¡ °¡±î¿öÁö°í, ÈÄÀÚ´Â ¹«ÇÑ´ë¿¡ °¡±î¿öÁö´Â)¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ç ¼ö¿ä°¡ °ø±ÞÀ» ÃÊ°úÇؼ­ ´õ ¸¹Àº ¼öÀÍÀ» ³º´Â ¨è »îÀº ³¡¾øÀÌ ²ÞÀ» Ãß±¸ÇÒ ¶§ dz¼ºÇØÁö´Â ¨é ½Ã°£°ú ¿¡³ÊÁö´Â ¹«ÇÑÇÏ°í ÀÚ»êÀº dzºÎÇÑ 71ÂÊ (±¸¹®) So far as you are wholly concentrated on bringing about a certain result, clearly _the quicker and easier_ it is brought about _the better_.: ¡®~Çϸé ÇÒ¼ö·Ï, ´õ¿í ¡¦ÇÏ´Ù¡¯´Â ¶æÀ» Ç¥ÇöÇÏ´Â 'the£«ºñ±³±Þ ~, the£«ºñ±³±Þ ¡¦' ±¸¹®ÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * so far as: ~ÇÏ´Â ÇÑ * bring about: ~À» À¯¹ß(ÃÊ·¡)ÇÏ´Ù * resolve: °á½É, °áÀÇ * secure: È®º¸(ȹµæ)ÇÏ´Ù * sufficiency: ÃæºÐ(ÇÑ »óÅÂ), ÃæºÐÇÑ ¼ö·® * induce: ²Ò´Ù, ±ÇÀ¯ÇÏ´Ù * weary: ÇÇ·ÎÇÑ, ÁöÃÄ ÀÖ´Â * till: °¥´Ù, °æÀÛÇÏ´Ù * tend: µ¹º¸´Ù * livestock: °¡Ãà * in abundance: dzºÎÇÏ°Ô * spare: (¼ö°í µûÀ§¸¦) ³¢Ä¡Áö ¾Ê´Ù * be better off: ´õ ºÎÀÚÀÌ´Ù, ÇüÆíÀÌ ³´´Ù * transaction: °Å·¡ * execution: ½ÇÇà, ¼öÇà * asset: ÀÚ»ê * the former: ÀüÀÚ * approximate: (¡¦¿¡) °¡±î¿öÁö´Ù * the latter: ÈÄÀÚ * infinity: ¹«ÇÑ´ë * justify: Á¤´çÈ­ÇÏ´Ù * exact: ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Ù * conditionally: Á¶°ÇºÎ·Î 34. Çؼ®: ½É¸®ÇÐÀÚ Solomon Asch´Â µ¿·áµé¿¡°Ô µ¿ÀÇÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¼ºÇâÀÌ µ¶¸³ÀûÀÎ »ç°í¿Í À̼ºÀûÀÎ ÆÇ´ÜÀÇ ¼ºÇ⺸´Ù ´õ °­ÇÑÁö ¾Æ´ÑÁö¸¦ ¾Ë¾Æ³»°í ½Í¾ú´Ù. Asch´Â 12¸íÀÇ ´ëÇлýµé·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø Áý´ÜµéÀ» ¸ð¾Æ¼­, ±×µéÀÌ ½Ã°¢Àû Áö°¢¿¡ °üÇÑ ½ÇÇè¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÒ °Å¶ó°í ¾Ë·È´Ù. ±×´Â ±×µé¿¡°Ô ¼¼ °³ÀÇ ¼±ºÐÀ» º¸¿© ÁÖ°í Â÷·Ê´ë·Î ¾î¶² ¼±ÀÌ °¡Àå ±äÁö¸¦ °¢ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¹°¾ú´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ½¬¿î ÀÏÀ̾ú°í Á¤´äÀº ¸í¹éÇß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Asch´Â ±× ½ÇÇèÀÇ ½ÇÁ¦ ½ÇÇè ´ë»óÀÚ¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â °¢ Áý´ÜÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸· »ç¶÷À» Á¦¿ÜÇÑ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô Áß°£ ±æÀÌÀÇ ¼±ÀÌ °¡Àå ±æ´Ù°í ¸»Ç϶ó°í ¸ô·¡ Áö½Ã¸¦ Çß´Ù. ³ªÁß¿¡ ¹àÇôÁø °Íó·³, ½ÇÁ¦ ½ÇÇè ´ë»óÀÚÀÇ 70ÆÛ¼¾Æ® ÀÌ»óÀÌ _Áý´ÜÀÇ ¾Ð·Â¿¡ ±¼º¹ÇÏ¿©_ Áß°£ ±æÀÌÀÇ ¼±ÀÌ °¡Àå ±æ´Ù°í ¸»Çß´Ù. (Çؼ³) »ç¶÷µéÀÌ µ¶¸³ÀûÀÎ »ç°í¿Í À̼ºÀûÀÎ ÆǴܺ¸´Ù´Â µ¿·áµé¿¡°Ô µ¿ÀÇÇÏ·Á´Â ¼ºÇâÀÌ ´õ °­ÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ½ÇÇèÇÑ ³»¿ëÀ̹ǷÎ, ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨ç ¡®caved in to group pressure(Áý´ÜÀÇ ¾Ð·Â¿¡ ±¼º¹ÇÏ¿©)¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨è Á¤´äÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÏ¿© ¨é ½Ã·Â¿¡ ¹®Á¦°¡ ÀÖ¾î ¨ê ´Ù¸¥ Áý´ÜÀÇ ÀÏ¿øÀ» ²ø¾îµé¿© (±¸¹®) Psychologist Solomon Asch wanted to discover _whether_ people's tendency to agree with their peers was stronger than their tendency toward independent thought and rational judgment.: whether°¡ ¸í»çÀýÀ» À̲ô´Â Á¢¼Ó»ç·Î ¾²¿©¡®~ÀÎÁö ¾Æ´ÑÁö¡¯·Î Çؼ®ÀÌ µÇ¸ç, À̶§ whether°¡ À̲ô´Â Àý¿¡¼­ ÁÖ¾î´Â people's tendencyÀÌ°í µ¿»ç´Â wasÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * tendency: °æÇâ, ¼ºÇâ * peer: µ¿·á * rational: À̼ºÀûÀÎ * judgment: ÆÇ´Ü * assemble: ¸ðÀ¸´Ù, ÁýÇÕ½ÃÅ°´Ù, ¼ÒÁýÇÏ´Ù * visual perception: ½Ã°¢Àû Áö°¢ * segment: Á¶°¢, [¼öÇÐ] ¼±ºÐ(àÊÝÂ) * obvious: ¸í¹éÇÑ * secretly: ºñ¹Ð·Î, ¸ô·¡ * instruct: Áö½ÃÇÏ´Ù * subject: ÇÇ(ù¬)½ÇÇèÀÚ, ½ÇÇè ´ë»óÀÚ * as it turned out: ³ªÁß¿¡ ¹àÇôÁø °Íó·³, µÚ¿¡ ¾Ë°í º¸´Ï * cave in to: ~¿¡ ÀÀÇÏ´Ù, ~¿¡ ±¼º¹ÇÏ´Ù 35. Çؼ®: ¿©ÇàÀº »ý°¢ÀÇ »êÆÄÀÌ´Ù. ¿òÁ÷ÀÌ´Â ºñÇà±â, ¹è ¶Ç´Â ±âÂ÷º¸´Ù ³»¸éÀûÀÎ ´ëÈ­¿¡ ´õ ÁÁÀº Àå¼Ò´Â °ÅÀÇ ¾ø´Ù. ¿ì¸® ´«¾Õ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °Í°ú ¿ì¸®°¡ ¸Ó¸´¼Ó¿¡¼­ »ý°¢ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â »ç°íµé »çÀÌ¿¡´Â °ÅÀÇ Æ¯ÀÌÇÑ »ó°ü°ü°è°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. Áï, ³ÐÀº »ç°í´Â ¶§¶§·Î ³ÐÀº °æ°üÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÏ°í, »õ·Î¿î »ý°¢Àº »õ·Î¿î Àå¼Ò¸¦ ¿ä±¸ÇÑ´Ù. ¸ØÃ߱⠽¬¿î ³»ÀûÀÎ Àڱ⠼ºÂûÀû ¹Ý¼ºÀº dz°æÀÇ È帧¿¡ µµ¿òÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ Çâ»óµÈ´Ù. Á¤½ÅÀº, »ç°í°¡ ÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀÏ ¶§´Â _Á¦´ë·Î »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ²¨¸±Áöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù_. ±× ÀÏÀº ¸¶Ä¡ ³²ÀÇ ¿ä±¸¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ³ó´ãÀ» Çϰųª ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¸»Åõ¸¦ Èä³» ³»¾ß ÇÒ ¶§Ã³·³ ±»¾î¹ö¸± ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Á¤½ÅÀÇ ÀϺο¡ ´Ù¸¥ ÀÏÀÌ ÁÖ¾îÁö°Å³ª À½¾ÇÀ» µè°Å³ª °¡·Î¼ö¸¦ µÚÂÑ´Â ÀÏ·Î °¡µæ ä¿öÁú ¶§ »ç°í´Â Çâ»óµÈ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ´ÜÁö »ç°í¸¸À» ÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â Á¦´ë·Î »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ½±Áö ¾ÊÁö¸¸, ¿©ÇàÀ» ÇÒ ¶§´Â Àΰ£ÀÇ »ç°í°¡ Çâ»óµÈ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÇ ±ÛÀÌ´Ù. ºóÄ­Àº ±×Àú »ý°¢¸¸ ÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼³¸íÇÏ´Â ºÎºÐÀ̹ǷÎ, ¨ç ¡®may be reluctant to think properly(Á¦´ë·Î »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ²¨¸±Áöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù)¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨è ¹Ì·¡ÀÇ »ç°í¿¡ ´õ Àß ÃÊÁ¡À» ¸ÂÃâÁöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù ¨é ´ÙÁß ÀÛ¾÷À¸·Î ÀÎÇØ È¥¶õ½º·¯¿öÁú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù ¨ê »õ·Î¿î ÀÏ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µÎ·Á¿òÀ¸·Î ¸¶ºñµÇ±â ½±´Ù (±¸¹®) _Few places_ are _more conducive_ to internal conversations _than_ a moving plane, ship, or train.: ºÎÁ¤¾î±¸¿Í ºñ±³±Þ ±¸¹®ÀÌ °áÇÕµÈ ÇüÅÂÀÌ´Ù. ¡®¿òÁ÷ÀÌ´Â ºñÇà±â, ¹è ¶Ç´Â ±âÂ÷º¸´Ù ³»¸éÀûÀÎ ´ëÈ­¿¡ ´õ ÁÁÀº Àå¼Ò´Â °ÅÀÇ ¾ø´Ù.¡¯´Â Àǹ̷ΠÁ÷¿ªÇÒ ¼ö Àִµ¥, ÀÇ¿ªÇÏ¸é ¡®¿òÁ÷ÀÌ´Â ºñÇà±â, ¹è ¶Ç´Â ±âÂ÷°¡ ³»¸éÀûÀÎ ´ëÈ­¸¦ Çϱ⿡ °¡Àå ÁÁÀº Àå¼Ò´Ù.¡¯¶ó´Â ¶æÀÌ µÈ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * midwife: Á¶»ê»ç, »êÆÄ * conducive to: ~¿¡ µµ¿òÀÌ µÇ´Â * internal: ³»¸éÀûÀÎ * peculiar: ÀÌ»óÇÑ, ƯÀÌÇÑ * correlation: »ó°ü°ü°è 72ÂÊ * reflection: ¹Ý¼º, ¼÷°í * be liable to: ~Çϱ⠽±´Ù * stall: Áö¿¬ÇÏ´Ù, ¹Ì·ç´Ù * help along: (»ç¶÷À») µµ¿Í¼­ ³ª¾Æ°¡°Ô ÇÏ´Ù, (ÀÏÀ») ÃËÁø½ÃÅ°´Ù * reluctant: ²¨¸®´Â, ¸¶Áö¸øÇØ ÇÏ´Â * paralyze: ¹«·ÂÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Ù, ¸¶ºñ »óÅ·Π¸¸µé´Ù * on demand: ¿ä±¸¿¡ µû¶ó¼­ * mimic: Èä³»³»´Ù * be charged with: ~·Î °¡µæ Â÷ ÀÖ´Ù * a line of trees: °¡·Î¼ö 36. Çؼ®: ¿ì¸®°¡ °¡Ä¡ ¾È¿¡¼­ ¹«°¡Ä¡¸¦ º¸°Å³ª Áø½Ç ¾È¿¡¼­ ÇãÀ§¸¦ º¼ ¶§, °¡Ä¡ ȤÀº Áø½ÇÀº ´õ ÀÌ»ó Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù°í »ó»óÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ±Ùº»ÀûÀÎ ½Ç¼öÀÌ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ´ÜÁö »ó´ëÀûÀÎ °ÍÀÌ µÇ¾úÀ» »ÓÀÌ´Ù. Àΰ£ÀÇ ¸ðµç °ÍÀº »ó´ëÀûÀε¥, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ¸ðµç °ÍÀº ³»ÀûÀÎ ±Ø¼º¿¡ ´Þ·ÁÀֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ°í, ¸ðµç °ÍÀº ¿¡³ÊÁöÀÇ Çö»óÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ¿¡³ÊÁö´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã ÀÌÀüºÎÅÍ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ±Ø¼º¿¡ ´Þ·Á Àִµ¥, ±×°Í ¾øÀÌ´Â ¿¡³ÊÁöµµ ÀÖÀ» ¼ö ¾øÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Ç×»ó ³ô°Å³ª ³·°í, ¶ß°Ì°Å³ª Â÷°¡¿î °ÍµéÀÌ À־, ±ÕÇüÀ» À¯ÁöÇÏ´Â °úÁ¤ÀÌ (±×°ÍÀÌ ¹Ù·Î ¿¡³ÊÁö´Ù) ¹ß»ýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î Á¤¹Ý´ëÀÇ °ÍÀ» ÁöÁöÇÏ¿© ÀÌÀüÀÇ ¸ðµç °¡Ä¡¸¦ °ÅºÎÇÏ´Â ¼ºÇâÀº ´ÜÁö _´õ ÀÌÀüÀÇ ÀϹæÀûÀÎ °Í¸¸Å­ °úÀåµÈ_ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀÌ º¸ÆíÀûÀ¸·Î ¹Þ¾Æµé¿©Áö°í ¸í¹éÇÑ °¡Ä¡¸¦ °ÅºÎÇÏ´Â ¹®Á¦¿¡ °üÇÑ ÇÑ ±× °á°ú´Â Ä¡¸íÀûÀÎ ¼Õ½ÇÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ³ôÀº °ÍÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸é ³·Àº °ÍÀÌ ÀÖ°í, ¶ß°Å¿î °ÍÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸é Â÷°¡¿î °ÍÀÌ Àֱ⠸¶·ÃÀ̾ À̰͵éÀÌ ÆòÇüÀ» ÀÌ·ç·Á°í Çϴµ¥ ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ °ð ¿¡³ÊÁöÀÌ´Ù. Àΰ£ÀÇ °¡Ä¡µµ ÀÌ¿Í ¸¶Âù°¡Áö¿©¼­ »ó´ëÀûÀÎ °³³äÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ¾î´À ÇÑ °¡Ä¡¸¸À» ÁöÁöÇؼ­ ³ª¸ÓÁö ¸ðµç °¡Ä¡¸¦ °ÅºÎÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¨é ¡®as much of an exaggeration as the earlier onesideness(´õ ÀÌÀü¿¡ ÀϹæÀûÀÎ °Í¸¸Å­ °úÀåµÈ °Í)¡¯¶ó°í ¸»ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¨ç Àΰ£ÀÇ ÀÏ¿¡ »ó´ë¼ºÀ» Ãß±¸ÇÏ´Â ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ¹æ¹ý ¨è ¸ðµç °¡Ä¡¸¦ ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌ´Â ¼ºÇâó·³ ¹Ù¶÷Á÷ÇÑ ¨ê ±Ã±ØÀûÀÎ Áø¸®¿¡ Á¢±ÙÇÏ´Â À¯ÀϹ«ÀÌÇÑ ¹æ¹ý (±¸¹®) _It_ is a fundamental mistake _to imagine that_ when we see the non-value in a value or the untruth in a truth, the value or the truth ceases to exist.: to imagineÀÌ À̲ô´Â ¾î±¸°¡ ÁøÁÖ¾îÀÌ°í ¾Õ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ItÀº °¡ÁÖ¾îÀÌ´Ù. Á¢¼Ó»ç thatÀÌ À̲ô´Â ÀýÀº µ¿»ç imagineÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * fundamental: ±âº»ÀûÀÎ * cease: ¸ØÃß´Ù * relative: »ó´ëÀûÀÎ * rest on: ~¿¡ ´Þ·Á ÀÖ´Ù * inner: ³»ÀûÀÎ * polarity: ±Ø¼º * phenomenon: Çö»ó * equilibrate: ÆòÇüÀ» À¯ÁöÇÏ´Ù * in favor of: ~¿¡ Âù¼º(ÁöÁö)ÇÏ¿© * exaggeration: °úÀå * onesidedness: ÀϹæÀûÀÓ * in so far as: ~ÇÏ´Â ÇÑ¿¡ À־´Â * universally: º¸ÆíÀûÀ¸·Î * indubitable: È®½ÇÇÑ * fatal: Ä¡¸íÀûÀÎ 37. Çؼ®: ½Ã°£Àû ¾Ð¹ÚÀº ÁÂÀý°¨À» °¡Á®¿À¸ç, ¿ì¸®°¡ ÁÂÀý°¨À» ´À³¢°Å³ª ´Ù¸¥ ºÎÁ¤Àû °¨Á¤À» °æÇèÇÒ ¶§ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »ç°í´Â Á¡Á¡ ´õ Á¼¾ÆÁö°í âÀÇ·ÂÀÌ ¶³¾îÁö°Ô µÈ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª »ç¶÷µéÀº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Çö»óÀ» Áö°¢ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ¿©, ½Ã°£Àû ¾Ð¹ÚÀ» ´À³¢°í ÀÖÀ» ¶§ âÀÇ·ÂÀÌ ³ô¾ÆÁø´Ù´Â Çã»óÀ» °®°í »ì¾Æ°£´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ½Ã°£Àû ¾Ð¹ÚÀÌ ³Î¸® ÆÛÁö°Ô µÈ ÀÌÀ¯¸¦ ¼³¸íÇÏ°í, ¿ì¿ïÁõÀÇ ºñÀ² »ó½ÂÀ» ¾î´À Á¤µµ ¼³¸íÇØ ÁØ´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ¿ì¸®´Â º¸´Ù ªÀº ½Ã°£¿¡ º¸´Ù ¸¹Àº È°µ¿À» ¾¥¼Å ³Ö±â À§ÇØ ¾Ö¾²´À¶ó ³Ê¹«³ªµµ ¹Ù»Ú´Ù. ±× °á°ú ¿ì¸®´Â ¿ì¸® ÁÖº¯ ¾îµð¿¡³ª ÀÖÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÇູÀÇ ÀáÀçÀû ¿øõµéÀ» ´©¸®Áö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. »îÀÌ Æ²¸²¾øÀÌ Á¦°øÇØ Á٠dz¿ä·Î¿òÀ» ´©¸®±â À§ÇØ ¿ì¸®_´Â ½Ã°£Àû ¿©À¯¸¦ °¡Áú ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù_. (Çؼ³) ½Ã°£ÀÌ Ã˹ÚÇÏ°Ô µÇ¸é »ç°í·ÂÀÌ Á¼¾ÆÁö°í âÀÇ·ÂÀÌ ¶³¾îÁö°Ô µÈ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀ̹ǷÎ, ¨ç ¡®we need to take our time(¿ì¸®´Â ½Ã°£Àû ¿©À¯¸¦ °¡Áú ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù)¡¯À̶ó´Â °á·ÐÀ» ³»¸± ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¨è ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ±âȸ¸¦ ±Ø´ëÈ­ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù ¨é ¿ì¿ïÁõÀ» Çö¸íÇÏ°Ô ´Ù·ç¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù ¨ê âÀÇÀûÀÎ ¾ÆÀ̵ð¾î¸¦ Ž±¸ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÇʼöÀûÀÌ´Ù 73ÂÊ (±¸¹®) However, people are unaware of this phenomenon and live under the illusion _that_ when they are experiencing time pressure, they are also more creative.: that ¡¦ creative´Â the illusion°ú ÀÇ¹Ì»ó µ¿°ÝÀ» ÀÌ·ç°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * frustration: ÁÂÀý°¨ * unaware: ¾ËÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â * phenomenon: Çö»ó * illusion: ȯ»ó, Çã»ó * pervasive: ÆÛÁö´Â, ³Î¸® ¹ÌÄ¡´Â * account for: ~À» ¼³¸íÇÏ´Ù * squeeze in: ¹Ð¾î(¾¥¼Å) ³Ö´Ù(into) 38. Çؼ®: ¾Æ¹«·± ½Ãµµ°¡ ¾øÀ¸¸é ¾î¶°ÇÑ ½ÇÆеµ ÀÖÀ» ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¸ç, ¾Æ¹«·± ½ÇÆа¡ ¾øÀ¸¸é ¾î¶°ÇÑ ±¼¿åµµ ÀÖÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÀÌ ¼¼»ó¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÀÚ±à½ÉÀº ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î ¿ì¸®°¡ ½º½º·Î¿¡°Ô µÇ¶ó°í ±×¸®°í Ç϶ó°í ÈÄ¿øÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡ ´Þ·Á ÀÖ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ¿ì¸®°¡ °¡Á¤ÇÏ´Â ÀáÀç·Â¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Çö½ÇÀÇ ºñÀ²¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °áÁ¤µÈ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î _¼º°øÀ» ¾ß½ÉÀ¸·Î ³ª´« °ÍÀÌ ÀÚ±à½É°ú °°Àº °ÍÀÌ´Ù._ ÀÌ´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ±â´ë ¼öÁØÀÇ ¸ðµç »ó½ÂÀÌ ±¼¿åÀÇ À§Ç輺ÀÇ »ó½ÂÀ» °¡Á®¿À´Â ¹æ½ÄÀ» ¼³¸íÇÑ´Ù. ¿ì¸®°¡ Æò¹üÇÏ´Ù°í ÀÌÇØÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Çູ °¡´É¼ºÀ» °áÁ¤ÇÔ¿¡ À־ Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ¶ÇÇÑ µÎ °¡Áö ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÀÚ±à½ÉÀ» ¿Ã¸®´Â °ÍÀÇ ½Ç¸¶¸®¸¦ ÁØ´Ù. ÇÑÆíÀ¸·Î ¿ì¸®´Â º¸´Ù ¸¹Àº °ÍÀ» ¼ºÃëÇÏ·Á°í ³ë·ÂÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, ´Ù¸¥ ÇÑÆíÀ¸·Î ¿ì¸®´Â ¼ºÃëÇϱ⸦ ¹Ù¶ó´Â °ÍµéÀÇ ¼ö¸¦ ÁÙÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÈÄÀÚÀÇ Á¢±Ù ¹æ½ÄÀÌ °®´Â ÀåÁ¡Àº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¡°¾ß½ÉÀ» Æ÷±âÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ±× ¾ß½ÉÀ» ¸¸Á·½ÃÅ°´Â °Í¸¸Å­À̳ª ÇູÇÑ À§¾ÈÀÌ µÈ´Ù.¡±´Â ¸»¿¡ µé¾î ÀÖ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ÇູÀ» ¾ò°Ô µÉ °¡´É¼ºÀ» ³ôÀ̱â À§Çؼ­´Â ¾ß½ÉÀ» ³·Ãß´Â °Íµµ ÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ̶ó´Â ³»¿ëÀÇ ±ÛÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ¨é ¡®success divided by pretensions equals self-esteem(¼º°øÀ» ¾ß½ÉÀ¸·Î ³ª´« °ÍÀÌ ÀÚ±à½É°ú °°´Ù)¡¯À̶ó´Â ¸»·Î Ç¥ÇöµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¨ç ±â´ë°¡ ³ôÀ¸¸é ³ôÀ»¼ö·Ï ¸¹Àº °ÍÀ» ¼ºÃëÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù ¨è ÀÚ±à½ÉÀº Çö½ÇÀ» ³·ÃãÀ¸·Î½á »ó½ÂµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù ¨ê ÀλýÀÇ ÃʹݱâÀÇ ½ÇÆд ÈĹݱâÀÇ ÇູÀ» °¡Á®¿Ã ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù (±¸¹®) To give up pretensions is _as_ blessed a relief _as_ to get them gratified.: 'as ¡¦ as ¡¦'¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ¡®¡¦¸¸Å­ ~ÇÑ(ÇÏ°Ô)¡¯ÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ Ç¥ÇöÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©±â¿¡¼­´Â To give up pretensions¿Í to get them gratified°¡ ºñ±³µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * humiliation: ±¼¿å, ¼öÄ¡ * back: ÈÄ¿øÇÏ´Ù, Áö¿øÇÏ´Ù * actuality: Çö½Ç, ½ÇÁ¤ * potentiality: °¡´É¼º, ÀáÀç·Â * entail: ÀÏÀ¸Å°´Ù, ³²±â´Ù * pretension: ¾ß½É, Çã¼¼, °¡½Ä * gratify: ¸¸Á·½ÃÅ°´Ù, ±â»Ú°Ô ÇÏ´Ù 39. Çؼ®: ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¡®ÀÚ¿¬¡¯Àº ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ¸·Î ±ÔÁ¤µÇ¾î, ±×°ÍÀº »ç¶÷ÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °÷¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. ÀÚ¿¬Àº µµ½Ã¿Í ³óÃÌ Áö¿ª ¿ÜºÎ¿¡, ´Ù½Ã ¸»ÇØ ÀÚ¿¬ÀÇ °úÁ¤ÀÌ ¹æÇØ ¹ÞÁö ¾Ê´Â Áö±¸ÀÇ Áö¿ª¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. ÀÚ¿¬Àº ¾²·¯Áø Å볪¹«°¡ ½â´Â °÷°ú µµÅ丮°¡ ÀÚ¶ó´Â °÷, »êºÒÀÌ »ï¸²Áö´ë¸¦ ÃÊ¿øÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²Ù´Â °÷, ±×¸®°í º¸ÃÊ ¼¶ÀÌ ÇØ·ù¿Í ÇÔ²² À̵¿ÇÏ´Â °÷--Àΰ£ÀÇ °£¼·ÀÌ ¾ø´Â ¸ðµç °÷--ÀÌ´Ù. ´õ ³ª¾Æ°¡ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Á¤ÀÇ´Â ÀÚ¿¬Àº Àΰ£À» ¸Ö¸® ¶³¾îÁö°Ô ÇÏ¿© °è¼Ó ÀÚüÀÇ ¸ð½ÀÀ» À¯ÁöÇÏ°Ô ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á °¡Àå Àß º¸È£µÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ½À» ¾Ï½ÃÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °üÁ¡¿¡´Â ½É°¢ÇÑ ¹®Á¦°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÚ¿¬ÀÌ Àηù¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÞÁö ¾Ê´Â °æÄ¡·Î Á¤Àǵȴٸé, _Áö±¸»ó¿¡ ÀÚ¿¬Àº ÀüÇô Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê°Ô µÈ´Ù._ ¼±»ç½Ã´ëÀÇ ¹ÎÁ·µéÀº ¾Æ¸¶Á¸¿¡ °ú¼ö¿øÀ» Á¶¼ºÇÏ´Â ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Îµç ¶Ç´Â ºÏ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«¿¡¼­ ¸¹Àº ´ëÇü Æ÷À¯µ¿¹°À» »ç³ÉÇÏ¿© ¸êÁ¾½ÃÅ°´Â ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Îµç ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ¿¡¿ö½Ñ »ýÅ°踦 º¯È­½ÃÄ×´Ù. ±×¸®°í Çö´ë Àηù´Â Áö±¸ Àü¿ªÀÇ ±âÈÄ º¯È­¸¦ ÅëÇؼ­µç Àΰø È­ÇÐ ¹°ÁúÀ» ¸ÔÀ̻罽À» ÅëÇØ ¼¼°è Àü¿ªÀ¸·Î À̵¿½ÃÅ´¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ­µç Áö±¸ÀÇ È¯°æÀ» ÈξÀ ´õ ±íÀÌ º¯È­½ÃÅ°°í ÀÖ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ÀÚ¿¬À» Àΰ£ÀÇ ¼Õ±æÀÌ ´êÁö ¾Ê´Â ÈѼյÇÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀ¸·Î ±ÔÁ¤ÇÏ°Ô µÇ¸é ¨è ¡®there is no nature on the planet at all(Áö±¸»ó¿¡ ÀÚ¿¬Àº ÀüÇô Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê°Ô µÈ´Ù)¡¯À̶ó´Â °á·Ð¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÑ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÇ ±ÛÀÌ´Ù. ¾î¶² ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Îµç Áö±¸ÀÇ ¸ðµç °÷Àº Àΰ£ÀÇ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÞÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â ÈĹݺΠ³»¿ëÀ» ÅëÇØ ºóÄ­ ³»¿ëÀ» Ãß·ÐÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¨ç Àΰ£Àº ÀÚ¿¬ ¾øÀÌ´Â Á¸ÀçÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù ¨é ±×°ÍÀº ¾î¶°ÇÑ Èñ»ýÀ» Ä¡¸£´õ¶óµµ º¸Á¸µÉ °¡Ä¡°¡ ÀÖ´Ù ¨ê Çö´ëÀεéÀº Á¶»óµé¿¡°Ô ¸¹Àº ½Å¼¼¸¦ Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù (±¸¹®) Prehistoric peoples changed their surrounding ecosystems, _whether_ by installing orchards in the Amazon _or_ by hunting many large mammals to extinction in North America.: 'whether A or B'´Â ¾çº¸ÀÇ Àǹ̷Î, ¡®AÀÌ°Ç BÀÌ°Ç¡¯ÀÇ ¶æÀÌ´Ù. ¿©±â¼­´Â by installing ~°ú by hunting ~ÀÌ µîÀ§Á¢¼Ó»ç or·Î ¿¬°áµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * realm: ¿µ¿ª, ¹üÀ§ * unhindered: ¹æÇعÞÁö ¾ÊÀº * barrier island: º¸Ãʵµ(¹æÆÄÁ¦ ±¸½ÇÀ» ÇÏ´Â ¼¶) * by extension: ´õ ³ª¾Æ°¡ * extinction: ¸êÁ¾ * profoundly: ½É¿ÀÇÏ°Ô, ±íÀÌ * food chain: ¸ÔÀÌ »ç½½ 40. Çؼ®: µµ´öÀû ÇàÀ§Àڷμ­ÀÇ Àΰ£ÀÇ °¡Àå ¸í¹éÇÑ µÎµå·¯Áø Ư¡Àº À̼ºÀûÀÎ »ç°í¸¦ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´É·ÂÀÌ´Ù. À̼ºÀûÀÎ »ç°í¸¦ ÇÒ ´É·ÂÀÌ ¾ø´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×µéÀÇ Çൿ¿¡ ´ëÇØ µµ´öÀûÀΠåÀÓÀ» Áú ¼ö ¾ø´Ù°í ¿ì¸® ¸ðµÎ ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡ ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¾î¶² À¯ÇüÀÇ µµ´öÀû ÇàÀ§Àڷμ­ÀÇ Àΰ£¿¡°Ô À־µµ ³íÀïÀÇ ¿©Áö°¡ ¾øÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ Á¶°ÇÀÌ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ÀÌ·¸°Ô ³í¶õÀÇ ¿©Áö°¡ ¾ø´Â µµ´öÀû ÇàÀ§ÀÚÀÇ µÎµå·¯Áø Ư¡À» ³Ñ¾î¼­¸é, (Å͹«´Ï¾øÀÌ ÀÌ»óÀûÀÎ °Í°ú´Â ´ëÁ¶ÀûÀ¸·Î) ½ÇÁ¦·Î ÇöÀç »ì¾Æ ÀÖ´Â µµ´öÀû ÇàÀ§Àڷμ­ÀÇ Àΰ£ °¢ÀÚ°¡ °¡Áø °¡Àå µÎµå·¯Áø Ư¡Àº ºÐ¸íÈ÷ µµ´öÀû ÇàÀ§Àڷμ­ÀÇ Àΰ£À̶ó¸é ´©±¸µçÁö ¾î¶² µµ´öÀûÀÎ ¹®Á¦°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÑ »óȲ_¿¡ ´ëÇØ Áö´Ï°í ÀÖ´Â ´Ù¾çÇÑ °ßÇظ¦ Á¦½ÃÇÑ´Ù_´Â »ç½ÇÀÌ´Ù. Áï, ¡°µµ´öÀû ÇàÀ§Àڷμ­ÀÇ Àΰ£ÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡°í ½Í¾î ÇÏ´Â ±âº»ÀûÀÎ ¹æ¹ýÀº ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡?¡±¶ó´Â Áú¹®¿¡ ´ëÇØ µÎ·ç Àû¿ëµÇµµ·Ï ¸¸µé¾îÁø ´äÀº ¾ø´Ù. ¿ÀÈ÷·Á, µµ´öÀû ÇàÀ§Àڷμ­ÀÇ Àΰ£Àº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¡°´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¡±ÀÌ ´©±¸³Ä¿¡ µû¶ó¼­ ´Ù¸¥ ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ¡°´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¡±¿¡°Ô ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡±â¸¦ ¹Ù¶õ´Ù. (Çؼ³) µµ´öÀû ÇàÀ§Àڷμ­ÀÇ Àΰ£ÀÇ °¡Àå µÎµå·¯Áø Ư¡Àº À̼ºÀûÀÎ »ç°í¸¦ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´É·ÂÀÌÁö¸¸, Çö½ÇÀûÀ¸·Î´Â ¾î¶² µµ´öÀûÀÎ ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­°Ç °³°³ÀÎÀÌ ¼­·Î ´Ù¾çÇÑ °ßÇظ¦ °®´Â´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÇ ±ÛÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨ç ¡®brings multiple perspectives to bear on(¡¦¿¡ ´ëÇØ Áö´Ï°í ÀÖ´Â ´Ù¾çÇÑ °ßÇظ¦ Á¦½ÃÇÑ´Ù)¡¯ÀÌ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨è ~¿¡ ´ëÇØ ³íÀïÀÇ ¿©Áö°¡ ¾ø´Â ¸¸´É ÇØ°áÃ¥À» ã´Â´Ù ¨é ¡¦ ¾È¿¡¼­ ÀÌ»óÈ­µÈ´Ù´Â ºÒ°¡ÇÇÇÑ ¿î¸íÀ» µû¸¥´Ù ¨ê ~ÀÇ Æ¯Â¡À» Æò°¡ÇÒ ¶§ Æí°ßÀ» °®´Â´Ù (±¸¹®) 74ÂÊ opposed to ridiculously idealized) individual moral agents _is_ surely the fact _that_ every moral agent brings multiple perspectives to bear on every moral problem situation.: ÁÖ¾î´Â the most salient featureÀÌ´Ù. feature°¡ ´Ü¼öÀ̹ǷΠbeµ¿»ç´Â ¿©±â¿¡ ÀÏÄ¡½ÃÄÑ is·Î ¾´´Ù. that ¡¦ situationÀº the fact¿Í ÀÇ¹Ì»ó µ¿°ÝÀ» ÀÌ·ç°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * salient: ÇöÀúÇÑ, µÎµå·¯Áø * moral agent: µµ´öÀû ÇàÀ§ÀÚ, µµ´öÀû ÇàÀ§Àڷμ­ÀÇ Àΰ£ * uncontested: ¸í¹éÇÑ, ³íÀïÀÇ ¿©Áö°¡ ¾ø´Â * uncontroversial: ³í¶õÀÇ ¿©Áö°¡ ¾ø´Â * flesh-and-blood: ÇöÀç »ì¾Æ ÀÖ´Â, Çö½ÇÀÇ * as opposed to: ~¿Í´Â ´ëÁ¶ÀûÀ¸·Î * ridiculously: ¿ì½º²Î½º·´°Ô, Å͹«´Ï¾øÀÌ * multiple: ´Ù¾çÇÑ * perspective: ½Ã°¢, °ßÁö * bear: Ç°´Ù, Áö´Ï´Ù * one-size-fits-all: ³Î¸®(µÎ·ç)Àû¿ëµÇµµ·Ï ¸¸µç 41. Çؼ®: ¿¬±¸¿øµéÀº ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«ÀÇ ¸¶À» ¸ÚÀåÀÌ»õ°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô »µ²Ù±â¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÀÌ¿ë´çÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÇÇÇÏ´ÂÁö ÀÌÇØÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Âµ¥, ±×°ÍÀº ¾Ë¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¾ó·èÀ¸·Î±îÁö °Å½½·¯ ³»·Á°£´Ù. David Lahti¿Í ±×ÀÇ µ¿·áµéÀº ¸¶À» ¸ÚÀåÀÌ»õµéÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô ¸ðµÎ ¸Å¿ì À¯»çÇÑ ÇüÅÂÀÇ ¾ó·èÀ» º¸¿© ÁÖ´Â ¾ËµéÀ» ³º´ÂÁö¸¦ ¼³¸íÇϸ鼭, ¸¸¾à »µ²Ù±â°¡ µÕÁö¿¡ ¾ËÀ» ³ºÀ¸¸é, ¸ÚÀåÀÌ»õ°¡ ±× ³¸¼± ¾ËÀ» °ÅÀÇ Áï½Ã ¾Ë¾Æº¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ¸»Çß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±× ¿¬±¸¿øµéÀÌ 200³â ÈξÀ Àü¿¡ »µ²Ù±â°¡ ¾ø´Â µÎ°³ÀÇ ¼¶À¸·Î À̵¿µÇ¾ú´ø µÎ Áý´ÜÀÇ ±× »õµéÀ» ¿¬±¸ÇßÀ» ¶§, ±× »õµéÀÇ ¾ËÀÌ ´õ ÀÌ»ó µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ¾ó·è¹«´Ì¸¦ º¸¿© ÁÖÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù. ÁøÈ­ÀÇ ÈûÀ» Àß º¸¿© ÁÖ´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °á°úµéÀº ±â»ýÇÏ´Â »µ²Ù±â·ÎºÎÅÍÀÇ ¾Ð·ÂÀÌ ¾ø´Â °÷¿¡¼­´Â _ºñ½ÁÇÑ ¹«´Ì¸¦ °¡Áö´Â °ÍÀÌ ´õ ÀÌ»ó ±×·¸°Ô Å« ÀÌÁ¡ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï±â_ ¶§¹®¿¡ ¾ËÀÇ °Ñ¸ð½ÀÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô ¹Ù²î¾ú´ÂÁö¸¦ º¸¿© ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (Çؼ³) »µ²Ù±â¿¡ ÀÌ¿ë´çÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÇÇÇϱâ À§ÇØ À¯»çÇÑ ÇüÅÂÀÇ ¾ó·è¹«´Ì ¾ËÀ» ³º´ø »õµéÀÌ »µ²Ù±â°¡ ¾ø´Â °÷¿¡¼­´Â ´õ ÀÌ»ó µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ¾ó·è¹«´ÌÀÇ ¾ËÀ» ³ºÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀ¸·Î ¹Ì·ç¾î º¸¾Æ, ¾ËÀÇ °Ñ¸ð½ÀÀÌ º¯ÇÑ °ÍÀº ¨è ¡®having a similar pattern is no longer so much of an advantage(ºñ½ÁÇÑ ¹«´Ì¸¦ °¡Áö´Â °ÍÀÌ ´õ ÀÌ»ó ±×·¸°Ô Å« ÀÌÁ¡ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï±â)¡¯ ¶§¹®ÀÓÀ» Ãß·ÐÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¨ç µÕÁö¸¦ Áþ´Â º»´ÉÀº À¯ÀüÀûÀÎ ¿ä¼Ò¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °áÁ¤µÇ±â ¨é »µ²Ù±â¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Ä§ÀÔÀº »õµéÀ» ´õ °­ÇØÁö°Ô Çß±â ¨ê »õ·Î¿î ȯ°æ¿¡ ÀûÀÀÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾î´À Á¤µµÀÇ ½Ã°£ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇϱâ (±¸¹®) Researchers have come to understand _how the African village weaverbird prevents itself from being_ taken advantage of by cuckoos--it is all down to the speckles on the eggs.: understandÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î´Â °£Á¢Àǹ®¹®(how ¡¦ by cuckoos)À¸·Î ¡®--¡¯ µÚ ¹®ÀåÀº À̸¦ ºÎ¿¬ ¼³¸íÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. 'prevent£«¸ñÀû¾î£«from£«-ing((¸ñÀû¾î)°¡ ~ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸·´Ù)'¿¡¼­ ÁÖ¾î(the African village weaverbird)°¡ ´Ù½Ã ¸ñÀû¾î·Î ¿Í¼­ Àç±Í´ë¸í»ç itself¸¦ ½è´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * village weaverbird: ¸¶À» ¸ÚÀåÀÌ»õ * take advantage of: ~À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Ù * cuckoo: »µ²Ù±â * spot: ¹ß°ßÇÏ´Ù, ¾Ë¾Æº¸´Ù * colony: (»õ¡¤°Å¹Ì¡¤²Ü¹ú µîÀÇ) Áý´Ü, ±º»ý, ±ºÃ¼ * demonstration: ½Ã¹ü, Áõ¸í * evolution: ÁøÈ­ * alter: ¹Ù²Ù´Ù 42. Çؼ®: ¿Ö ¿ì¸®´Â Á» ´õ ÀÚÁÖ ´Ù¸£°Ô »ý°¢ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ»±î? ±× ÀÌÀ¯´Â ¿ì¸®°¡ ÇÏ´Â ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© âÀÇÀûÀÏ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ¿ì¸®´Â °í¼Óµµ·Î¿¡¼­ ¿îÀüÇϰųª, ¿¤¸®º£ÀÌÅ͸¦ Ÿ°Å³ª, ȤÀº ½Ä·áÇ°Á¡¿¡¼­ ÁÙ¼­¼­ ±â´Ù¸± ¶§, âÀÇÀûÀÏ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ÀÏ»ó»ýÈ°¿¡¼­ÀÇ ÀÏ¿¡ °üÇؼ­¶ó¸é, _¿ì¸®´Â ½À°üÀÇ µ¿¹°ÀÌ´Ù_. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¿ì¸® È°µ¿¿¡ À־, ÀÌ·± ÀÏ»óÀûÀÎ ÀÏ°ú´Â ²À ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×°ÍµéÀÌ ¾ø´Ù¸é ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »îÀº È¥¶õ¿¡ ºüÁú °ÍÀÌ°í ¿ì¸®´Â ¸¹Àº °ÍÀ» ¿Ï¼öÇÏÁö ¸øÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿À´Ã ¾Æħ¿¡ ÀϾ¼­ Ä©¼ÖÀÇ ¸ð¾ç¿¡ ´ëÇØ ±íÀÌ »ý°¢Çϰųª Å佺ƮÀÇ Àǹ̿¡ ´ëÇØ Àǹ®À» °¡Áö±â ½ÃÀÛÇÑ´Ù¸é, ´ç½ÅÀº ¾Æ¸¶ Á÷Àå¿¡ Ãâ±ÙÇÏÁö ¸øÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¸ÅÀÏ µÇÇ®ÀÌ µÇ´Â ÀÏ°ú¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â ´Ù¸£°Ô »ý°¢Çϰųª âÀÇÀûÀÏ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø´Ù°í ÇßÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ÀÏ»ó»ýÈ°¿¡¼­ÀÇ ÀÏ¿¡ °üÇؼ­´Â ¨ç ¡®We are creatures of habit(¿ì¸®´Â ½À°üÀÇ µ¿¹°ÀÌ´Ù)¡¯À̶ó°í Ãß·ÐÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¨è »çȸÀû Á¦¾àÀÌ Àû¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù ¨é ¿ì¸®´Â ¾ÈÀü¿¡ ´ëÇØ ´õ ÁÖÀÇÇÑ´Ù ¨ê °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ ¼ºÃë°¡ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù (±¸¹®) _Without them_, our lives would be in chaos, and we would not get much accomplished.: Without themÀÌ If it were not for them(±×°ÍµéÀÌ ¾ø´Ù¸é)À¸·Î °¡Á¤ÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ °®°í ÀÖ´Â °¡Á¤¹ý ¹®ÀåÀÌ´Ù. µ¿»ç ¿ª½Ã would be¿Í would not getÀ¸·Î °¡Á¤¹ý °ú°ÅÀÇ µ¿»ç ÇüŸ¦ ¾´´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * freeway: °í¼Óµµ·Î * when it comes to: ~¿¡ °üÇؼ­¶ó¸é * routine: ÆÇ¿¡ ¹ÚÈù ÀÏ°ú, µÇÇ®ÀÌ µÇ´Â ÀÏ * indispensable: ÇʼöºÒ°¡°áÇÑ * chaos: È¥¶õ * contemplate: ½É»ç¼÷°íÇÏ´Ù ÂÊ75ÂÊ 43. Çؼ®: Áß±¹ À½½Ä¿¡¼­, À½½ÄÀº ÆÞÆÞ ²úÀ» Á¤µµ·Î ¶ß°Å¿ö¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â »ý°¢Àº ±×°ÍÀÌ À½½Ä ¸À¿¡ °áÁ¤ÀûÀ̱⠶§¹®Àε¥ ÀÌ°ÍÀº wok hei¶ó´Â ±¸Àý·Î ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀ¸·Î Ç¥ÇöµÇ¾î ÀÖ°í, ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¶ß°Å¿î ³¿ºñ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ´õÇØÁö´Â ¸À ¹èÇÕÀÇ ¡®»ý¸í·Â¡¯ ¶Ç´Â Áø¼ö¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. 2005³â, º§±â¿¡ÀÇ Leuven ´ëÇÐÀÇ ¿¬±¸¿øµéÀº ¿Âµµ¿Í ¸ÀÀÇ ¿¬°áÀÌ Á¤È®È÷ ¾î¶»°Ô ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ´ÂÁö¸¦ È®ÀÎÇß´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¹Ì°¢ µ¹±â¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ±ØÈ÷ ÀÛÀº °æ·Î¸¦ È®ÀÎÇߴµ¥, ±×°ÍµéÀº ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ ¿Âµµ¿¡¼­ ´Ù¸£°Ô ¹ÝÀÀÇÏ´Â °Í °°´Ù. ºÐ¸íÈ÷, ¿Âµµ°¡ ³ôÀ»¼ö·Ï ¸ÀÀÌ ´õ °­·ÄÇÏ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº _³ÃÀå°í¿¡¼­ ¹Ù·Î ³ª¿Â ¾ÆÀ̽ºÅ©¸²ÀÌ ±×·¸°Ô ´ÞÄÞÇÑ ¸ÀÀÌ ³ªÁö ¾Ê´Â_ ÀÌÀ¯Àε¥, ±×·± ÀÌÀ¯·Î ¾ÆÀ̽ºÅ©¸²ÀÌ ³ìÀ» ¶§ ³Ê¹«µµ ºÐ¸íÇÏ°Ô ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖµíÀÌ ¾ÆÀ̽ºÅ©¸² Á¦Á¶¾÷ÀÚµéÀº ¼³ÅÁÀ» µë»Ò ÷°¡ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í ºñ½ÁÇÏ°Ô, Â÷¿Í °°Àº ¾à°£ ¾´ ¸ÀµéÀº ¶ß°Å¿ï ¶§ ¸ÀÀÌ ´õ ÁÁÀºµ¥, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±× ¸ÀµéÀÌ ´õ °­·ÄÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¿Âµµ°¡ ³ôÀ»¼ö·Ï ¸ÀÀÌ ´õ °­·ÄÇÏ´Ù°í ÇßÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¾ÆÀ̽ºÅ©¸² Á¦Á¶¾÷ÀÚµéÀÌ ¾ÆÀ̽ºÅ©¸²¿¡ ¼³ÅÁÀ» ¸¹ÀÌ Ã·°¡ÇÏ´Â ÀÌÀ¯´Â ¨è ¡®ice cream does not taste that sweet straight from the fridge(³ÃÀå°í¿¡¼­ ¹Ù·Î ³ª¿Â ¾ÆÀ̽ºÅ©¸²ÀÌ ±×·¸°Ô ´ÞÄÞÇÑ ¸ÀÀÌ ³ªÁö ¾Ê´Â)¡¯ ¶§¹®ÀÓÀ» Ãß·ÐÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¨ç Â÷ÀÇ ¸ÀÀÌ Ã·°¡µÉ ¶§ ¾ÆÀ̽ºÅ©¸²Àº ¸ÀÀÌ ´õ ÁÁÀº ¨é Áß±¹ ½Ä´ç¿¡¼­´Â ¾ÆÀ̽ºÅ©¸²À» µðÀúÆ®·Î Á¦°øÇÏ´Â ¨ê ¶ß°Å¿î Â÷¸¦ ¸¶½Ç ¶§´Â ¾ÆÀ̽ºÅ©¸²À» ¸ÔÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁÀº (±¸¹®) In Chinese food, the idea is that _it_ should be boiling hot, because _that_ is crucial to its flavor, _embodied_ in the phrase wok hei, _which_ means the ¡®breath¡¯ or essence of the combination of tastes added by a hot wok.: itÀº Chinese food¸¦, thatÀº the idea that it should be boiling hot¸¦ °¡¸®Å²´Ù. embodied ÀÌÇÏ´Â ºÐ»ç±¸¹®À¸·Î Àǹ̻óÀÇ ÁÖ¾î the idea°¡ ¡®±¸Ã¼È­µÇ´Â °Í¡¯À̹ǷΠbeingÀÌ »ý·«µÈ °ú°ÅºÐ»ç°¡ ¿Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. °ü°è´ë¸í»ç whichÀÇ ¼±Çà»ç´Â wok heiÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * crucial: °áÁ¤ÀûÀÎ, Áß´ëÇÑ * flavor: ¸À * embody: ±¸Ã¼È­ÇÏ´Ù * essence: Á¤¼ö, Áø¼ö, º»Áú * combination: Á¶ÇÕ, °áÇÕ * confirm: È®ÀÎÇÏ´Ù * microscopic: ±ØÈ÷ ÀÛÀº, Çö¹Ì°æÀÇ * channel: °æ·Î, Åë·Î * taste bud: ¹Ì·Ú, ¹Ì°¢ µ¹±â * intense: °­·ÄÇÑ * stacks of: ¸¹Àº 44. Çؼ®: ÀåÆí ¼Ò¼³, ´ÜÆí ¼Ò¼³, ȤÀº Èñ°î°ú´Â ´Þ¸® ¿µÈ­´Â ¿¬±¸Çϱ⿡ ¾Ë¸ÂÁö ¾Ê´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ÀμâµÈ ÆäÀÌÁö À§¿¡ È¿°úÀûÀ¸·Î °íÁ¤µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ» ¼ö°¡ ¾ø±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ÀåÆí ¼Ò¼³°ú ´ÜÆí ¼Ò¼³Àº »ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Î ¿¬±¸Çϱ⠽¬¿îµ¥ ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±×°ÍµéÀº ÀÐÈ÷±â À§ÇØ ¾²À̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ¹«´ë Èñ°îÀº ¿¬±¸ÇϱⰡ ¾à°£ ´õ ¾î·Á¿îµ¥ ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±×°ÍÀº °ø¿¬µÇ±â À§ÇØ ¾²À̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Èñ°îÀº ÀμⰡ µÇ¸ç, ±¸¾î¿¡ Å©°Ô ÀÇÁ¸Çϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ »ó»ó·ÂÀÌ Ç³ºÎÇÑ µ¶ÀÚµéÀº Àû¾îµµ ¹«´ëÀÇ °ø¿¬À» º¸¸é¼­ °¡Áú ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °æÇè°ú ¾àÇÏ°Ô³ª¸¶ ºñ½ÁÇÑ °ÍÀ» ¸¸µé¾î ³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿µÈ­ ´ëº»¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¸»ÇÒ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Âµ¥, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ¿µÈ­´Â ±Û·Î¼­´Â ½±°Ô Ç¥ÇöµÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ½Ã°¢ÀûÀÌ°í ´Ù¸¥ ºñ¾ð¾îÀûÀÎ ¿ä¼Òµé¿¡ Å©°Ô ÀÇÁ¸Çϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ¿µÈ­ ´ëº»Àº ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »ó»ó·Â¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Ã¤¿öÁö´Â °ÍÀ» ³Ê¹«³ª ¸¹ÀÌ ÇÊ¿ä·Î Çϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ¿ì¸®´Â ¿µÈ­ ´ëº»À» ÀÐÀ½À¸·Î½á ¿µÈ­ÀÇ °æÇè¿¡ ½ÇÁ¦·Î °¡±îÀÌ °¥ ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¸ç, ¿µÈ­ ´ëº»À» Àд °ÍÀº ´ÜÁö ¿ì¸®°¡ ÀÌ¹Ì ±× ¿µÈ­¸¦ º¸¾ÒÀ» °æ¿ì¿¡¸¸ ÇÒ ¸¸ÇÑ °¡Ä¡°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¿µÈ­ ´ëº»µéÀº _ÀÐÈ÷±â À§Çؼ­°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ±â¾ïµÇ±â À§Çؼ­ ÃâÆǵȴÙ_. (Çؼ³) ¿µÈ­ ´ëº»À» ÀÐÀ» ¶§´Â »ó»ó·ÂÀ¸·Î ä¿ö¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ ³Ê¹«³ª ¸¹±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ¿µÈ­ ´ëº»À» Àд °Í¸¸À¸·Î´Â ¿µÈ­ÀÇ °æÇè¿¡ ´Ù°¡°¥ ¼ö ¾ø°í ´ÜÁö ¿µÈ­¸¦ ÀÌ¹Ì º¸¾ÒÀ» ¶§¸¸ ÀÐÀ» °¡Ä¡°¡ ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇßÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¿µÈ­ ´ëº»Àº ¨ë ¡®are published not to be read but rather to be remembered(ÀÐÈ÷±â À§Çؼ­°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ±â¾ïµÇ±â À§Çؼ­ ÃâÆǵȴÙ)¡¯¶ó°í ¸»ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¨ç ¹«´ë Èñ°îº¸´Ù ±¸¾î¿¡ ´õ ¸¹ÀÌ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÑ´Ù ¨è ´ÜÆí ¼Ò¼³º¸´Ù ÈξÀ ´õ ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÑ µ¶ÀÚÃþÀ» ²ø¾îµéÀδ٠¨é ´Ù¸¥ ¹®ÇÐ À帣¿Í ¸¹Àº ¿ä¼ÒµéÀ» °øÀ¯ÇÑ´Ù (±¸¹®) Thus, most screenplays are published _not_ to be read _but_ rather to be remembered.: 'not A but (B) (A°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó B)'·Î to be read¿Í to be remembered°¡ ¼­·Î º´·ÄµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * handy: ¾Ë¸ÂÀº, Æí¸®ÇÑ * rely on: ~¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏ´Ù * pale: ¾àÇÑ, Èñ¹ÌÇÑ * imitation: ¸ð¹æ, Èä³» * screenplay: ¿µÈ­ ´ëº» * approximate: ~¿¡ °¡±îÀÌ °¡´Ù * worthwhile: ~ÇÒ °¡Ä¡°¡ ÀÖ´Â 76ÂÊ (Çؼ³) Àΰ£ÀÇ Ã»°¢ ü°è´Â ¹®ÀåÀ» µéÀ» ¶§ ÀâÀ½À¸·Î ²÷±ä ºÎºÐÀ» ä¿ö¼­ µè´Â Ư¼ºÀÌ ÀÖÀ½À» ¼³¸íÇÑ ±ÛÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨é ¡®has its own version of perceptual completion(±× ³ª¸§´ë·ÎÀÇ Áö°¢ÀÇ ¿Ï¼º ¹æ½ÄÀ» Áö´Ï°í ÀÖ´Ù)¡¯ÀÌ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ç ºÎÁ¤È®ÇÑ ¹ßÀ½À» ¾Ë¾Æµè´Â´Ù ¨è ¸»Çϱ⿡ À־ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ¼öÇàÇÑ´Ù ¨ê ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ¾ð¾î¿¡ µû¶ó ´Ù¸£°Ô ¹ÝÀÀÇÑ´Ù (±¸¹®) The auditory system had filled in the missing speech information, _so that_ the sentence seemed uninterrupted.: 'ÄÞ¸¶(,)£«so that'Àº °á°úÀÇ ±¸¹®À¸·Î ¡®±×·¡¼­ ~ÇÏ´Ù¡¯ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. 'so that£«Á־can(may/will)£«µ¿»ç¿øÇü(¡¦ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï)'°ú ±¸º°ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * auditory: û°¢ÀûÀÎ * psychologist: ½É¸®ÇÐÀÚ * burst: ºÐÃâ * fill in: ¸Þ¿ì´Ù, ä¿ì´Ù * uninterrupted: ÁߴܵÇÁö ¾ÊÀº, ¹æÇعÞÁö ¾ÊÀº * apart from: ~¿Í ºÐ¸®µÇ¾î, ~¿Í´Â º°µµ·Î * perceptual: Áö°¢ÀÇ, Áö°¢·ÂÀÇ * group: ¹«¸®¸¦ Çü¼ºÇÏ´Ù, Áý´ÜÀ» ÀÌ·ç´Ù 46. Çؼ®: ¸ðµç ÀÛ°¡µéÀÌ ±ØÀåÀÇ Ã»ÁßµéÀÌ ÀúÀý·Î ÀڽŵéÀÇ ±ØÀ» ÀǵµµÈ ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ÀÌÇØÇÒ °Å¶ó°í ¹ÏÁö´Â ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ±×µéÀº ÀÏ¹Ý ´ëÁߵ鿡°Ô ±ØÀå¿¡ °¡´Â °ÍÀº ´ÜÁö Áñ±â±â À§ÇÑ ¸ñÀû»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¹«´ë¿¡ »ó¿¬µÇ°í ÀÖ´Â ±ØÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ±³ÈÆÀ» ¾ò¾î³»´Â °ÍÀÓÀ» ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ÇÏ·Á´Â ½Ãµµ¸¦ ¹Ýº¹ÀûÀ¸·Î Çß´Ù. ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© ±× ³»¿ë¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌÇظ¦ ½±°Ô Çϱâ À§ÇØ °ü°´ÀÌ _¹«´ë À§ÀÇ ¿¬±â·ÎºÎÅÍ °Å¸®¸¦ µÎ´Â °Í_ÀÌ Áß¿äÇß´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »ý°¢Àº Bertolt BrechtÀÇ ¡°¼­»ç ¿¬±Ø¡±¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¹ßÀüµÇ¾ú´Âµ¥, ±×°ÍÀº Àü·«ÀûÀ¸·Î °Ý¸®¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ÀÏ¹Ý ´ëÁßµéÀÌ µå¶ó¸¶ÀÇ Àι°µé°ú ÀÏüȭµÇ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸·¾Ò´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ±ØÁß ³»³» ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö´Â »ê¸¸ÇÑ ³»·¹À̼ǰú Çؼ³À» ÅëÇØ °ü°´µéÀº °ø¿¬À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÇÑ °ÉÀ½ ¹°·¯¼­°Ô À¯µµµÈ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ±×µéÀº ±ØÀ» ´õ Àß ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÈùÆ®¸¦ ºÎ¿©¹ÞÀ¸¸é¼­, ³ª¸§´ë·ÎÀÇ °á·ÐÀ» À̲ø¾î ³¾ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï °á·ÐÀº °³¹æµÈ »óÅ·Π³²°ÜÁö°Ô µÈ´Ù. (Çؼ³) epic theater(¼­»ç ¿¬±Ø)ÀÇ °³³äÀ» ¼³¸íÇÏ´Â ±Û·Î¼­, alienation ¡¦ to prevent the identification of the public with the figures of the drama¶ó´Â ºÎºÐ°ú take a step back from the performance¸¦ ÅëÇØ °ü°´µéÀ» ¨ë ¡®to create a distance from the actions on the stage(¹«´ë À§ÀÇ ¿¬±â·ÎºÎÅÍ °Å¸®¸¦ µÎ´Â °Í)¡¯°¡ Áß¿äÇÔÀ» Ãß·ÐÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¨ç ¹è¿ìÀÇ ¿¬±â¸¦ ¸ð¹æÇÏ´Â °Í ¨è ±Ø¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­ ¹Ì¸® ÇнÀÇÏ´Â °Í ¨é ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ¹«´ëÀÇ ¹è¿ìµé°ú ÀÏüȭ½ÃÅ°´Â °Í (±¸¹®) they repeatedly attempted to make _it_ clear to their public _that_ visiting the theater was not merely for the purpose of entertainment ~: itÀº °¡¸ñÀû¾îÀÌ°í that ÀÌÇÏ°¡ Áø¸ñÀû¾îÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * automatically: ÀúÀý·Î, ¹«ÀǽÄÀûÀ¸·Î * not merely A, but B: A»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Bµµ ¿ª½Ã * onstage: ¹«´ë¿¡¼­ * facilitate: ½±°Ô ÇÏ´Ù, ÃËÁøÇÏ´Ù * epic theater: ¼­»ç ¿¬±Ø * alienation: °Ý¸®, ¸Ö¸®ÇÔ * identification µ¿ÀÏÈ­, ÀÏüȭ * scattered: »ê¸¸ÇÑ * narration: ³»·¹À̼Ç, À̾߱âÇÔ * commentary: Çؼ³, ¼³¸í 47. Çؼ®: Àá±ñ ½Ã°£À» ³»¾î Áö³­ ÁÖ Á¤µµ¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´ø ÀÏÀ» »ó±âÇØ º¸°í, ´ç½ÅÀÌ ÈÄȸÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ »ý°¢ÇØ º¸¶ó. ±×°ÍÀº ´ç½ÅÀÌ ÇàÇÑ ÀÏÀ̾ú´Â°¡, ¾Æ´Ï¸é ÇàÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ ÀÏÀ̾ú´Â°¡? _»ç¶÷µéÀº ÇàÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ °Íº¸´Ù ÇàÇÑ °ÍÀ» ´õ ÈÄȸÇÏ´Â_ °Í °°´Ù. ÇÑ ¿¹·Î, µ·À» A ȸ»ç¿Í B ȸ»ç¿¡ ÅõÀÚÇÑ Mary¿Í Laura°¡ ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢Çغ¸ÀÚ. Mary´Â A ȸ»ç¿¡ ÅõÀÚ¸¦ ÇÏ°í, B ȸ»ç·Î ¿Å°Ü ÅõÀÚ¸¦ ÇÒ »ý°¢À» ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±×·¸°Ô ÇÏÁö ¾Ê±â·Î °áÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. Laura´Â B ȸ»ç¿¡ ÅõÀÚ¸¦ ÇÏ°í, A ȸ»ç·Î ¿Å°Ü ÅõÀÚ¸¦ ÇÒ »ý°¢À» ÇÏ°í ±×·¸°Ô Çϱâ·Î °áÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. ±× µÎ »ç¶÷Àº ´Ù¸¥ Á¶Ä¡¸¦ ÃëÇß´õ¶ó¸é 1,000´Þ·¯¸¸Å­ ´õ ¹ú ¼ö ÀÖ¾úÀ» °ÍÀ̶ó´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÈ´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀº ´©°¡ ´õ ÈÄȸ¸¦ ´À³¥ °ÍÀ̶ó°í »ý°¢Çϴ°¡? Mary°¡ ÇàÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ ÀÏÀ» ÈÄȸÇÏ´Â °Íº¸´Ù Laura°¡ ÇàÇÑ ÀÏÀ» ´õ ÈÄȸÇÒ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀº ÆÇ´ÜÇÑ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ºóÄ­ÀÌ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ ¹®ÀåÀÌ ±ÛÀÇ ÁÖÁ¦¹®À̸ç, ¸¶Áö¸· ¹®Àå¿¡¼­ À̸¦ ¹Ýº¹ÇÏ´Â ±¸Á¶ÀÇ ±ÛÀÌ´Ù. Áï, ÇàÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ ÀÏ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÈÄȸº¸´Ù´Â ÇàÇÑ ÀÏ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÈÄȸ°¡ ´õ Å©´Ù´Â ¿äÁöÀÇ ±ÛÀ̹ǷÎ, ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨è ¡®people regret their actions more than their failures to act(»ç¶÷µéÀº ÇàÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ °Íº¸´Ù ÇàÇÑ °ÍÀ» ´õ ÈÄȸÇÏ´Â)¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ç °èȹµÇÁö ¾ÊÀº ÇൿÀº Ç×»ó ÈÄȸ¸¦ ÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Â ¨é ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé°úÀÇ °ü°è°¡ ³ªºüÁú ¶§ »ç¶÷µéÀº °¡Àå ÈÄȸ¸¦ ÇÏ´Â ¨ê »ç¶÷µéÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ½º½º·Î °áÁ¤À» ÇÒ ¶§ ¸¸Á·°¨À» ´À³¢´Â (±¸¹®) ¡¦ they _would have been_ better off by $1,000 if they _had taken_ different actions.: °ú°Å »ç½ÇÀÇ ¹Ý´ë¸¦ °¡Á¤ÇÏ´Â °¡Á¤¹ý °ú°Å¿Ï·á´Â 'if£«Á־had£«°ú°ÅºÐ»ç, Á־would (should/ could/might) have£«°ú°ÅºÐ»ç'ÀÇ ÇüŸ¦ ÃëÇÑ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * cast one's mind back: ÀÌÀüÀÇ ÀÏÀ» »ó±âÇÏ´Ù * invest: ÅõÀÚÇÏ´Ù * switch: ¹Ù²Ù´Ù, ÀüȯÇÏ´Ù * be better off: ÇüÆíÀÌ ´õ ÁÁ¾ÆÁö´Ù * take action: ÇൿÀ» ÃëÇÏ´Ù 77ÂÊ 48. Çؼ®: ºÎÀ¯ÇÔÀÇ È®»ê, 1ÀÎ °¡±¸, ÅÚ·¹ºñÀü°ú ÄÄÇ»ÅÍÀÇ ¹ß¸íÀº, ¿ì¸®°¡ ÀÌÀü ¼¼´ëµé¿¡°Ô´Â »ó»óÇÒ ¼öµµ ¾ø´Â °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ »ýÈ°À» ´©¸®´Â °ÍÀ» °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô Çß´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ´õ ÀÌ»ó ÀÌ¿ôµé°ú °¡±î¿î Áö¿ª¿¡ »ìÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ¹ö½º³ª ±âÂ÷¿¡ ¸ô·Á ŸÁö ¾Ê°í¼­µµ ¿©±âÀú±â µ¹¾Æ´Ù´Ò ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¿ì¸®´Â ±ØÀå¿¡ °¡°Å³ª ÀÌ¿ôµé°ú Ãë¹Ì¸¦ ÇÔ²² ³ª´­ ÇÊ¿äµµ ¾ø´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ¿ì¸®¸¦ ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µé·ÎºÎÅÍ ¶¼¾î³õ´Â °ÍÀ» µµ¿ÍÁÖ´Â ¹Ù·Î ±× °úÇÐ ±â¼úÀÌ ¶ÇÇÑ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÇൿÀ» °¨½ÃÇÏ°í ±â·ÏÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. ºñ·Ï ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »ýÈ°À» Àß ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Á¡Á¡ ´õ Àû¾îÁöÁö¸¸, ´ëºÎºÐ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ¾Ë·ÁÁöÁö ¾ÊÀº ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¿ì¸®¿¡ °üÇÑ ¹«¾ð°¡¸¦ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ì¸®¸¦ ´ëÁß »çȸ·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô ÇØÁÙ °ÍÀ̶ó°í »ý°¢µÇ¾îÁ³´ø ¹Ù·Î ±× °úÇÐ ±â¼úÀÌ Á¤º¸ÀÇ °í¼Óµµ·ÎÀÎ °Í¸¸Å­À̳ª À¯¸® ¾îÇ×°ú °°´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀÔÁõµÇ¾ú´Ù. Çö´ë »çȸ¿¡¼­ _ÀÚÀ¯·Ó´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ Á¾Á¾ Àû³ª¶óÇÏ°Ô µå·¯³ª´Â °ÍÀ» ¶ÇÇÑ ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù_´Â °ÍÀ» ¿ì¸®´Â ¾Ë°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. (Çؼ³) °úÇÐ ±â¼úÀÇ ¹ß´Þ·Î °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ »ýÈ°ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇØÁ³Áö¸¸, ÀÌ´Â µ¿½Ã¿¡ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ °³ÀÎ Á¤º¸°¡ ³²¿¡°Ô ³ëÃâµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ºÎÀÛ¿ë ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÖ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÇ ±ÛÀ̹ǷÎ, ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨ë ¡®being free often means also being naked(ÀÚÀ¯·Ó´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ Á¾Á¾ Àû³ª¶óÇÏ°Ô µå·¯³»´Â °ÍÀ» ¶ÇÇÑ ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù)¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ç »ç¶÷µéÀº È¥ÀâÇÔ ¶§¹®¿¡ ´ëÁß±³Åë ¼ö´ÜÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù ¨è °úÇÐ ±â¼úÀÌ ¿ì¸®¸¦ ÀÚ¿¬ ȯ°æÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ µ¶¸³ÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé´Ù ¨é ´õ ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ºÎÀ¯ÇÔÀÇ È®»ê¿¡ ¹«°ü½ÉÇØÁø´Ù (±¸¹®) However, _the same technologies_ that help separate us from the crowds also _make it_ possible _to monitor and record our behaviors_.: the same technologies°¡ ¹®ÀåÀÇ ÁÖ¾îÀÌ°í make°¡ µ¿»çÀÌ´Ù. itÀº °¡¸ñÀû¾î·Î to ¡¦ behaviors°¡ Áø¸ñÀû¾îÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * prosperity: ºÎÀ¯ÇÔ, ¹ø¿µ * previous: ÀÌÀüÀÇ * quarter: Áö¿ª, Áö¹æ * move about: ¿©±âÀú±â µ¹¾Æ´Ù´Ï´Ù * monitor: °¨½ÃÇÏ´Ù, Á¶Á¤ÇÏ´Ù, ÃßÀûÇÏ´Ù * have intimate knowledge of: ~À» Àß ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù * turn out to be: ~À¸·Î ÆǸí(ÀÔÁõ)µÇ´Ù 49. Çؼ®: ¿ì¸®°¡ ¾Æ¹«¸® ÄÉø º´À» Èçµé°Å³ª µÎµå¸±Áö¶óµµ, ÀϺδ ³ª¿ÀÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¾î¶² °æ¿ì¿¡´Â, ¹ö¸± ¶§ »óÇ°ÀÇ 20ÆÛ¼¾Æ®¿¡ À̸£±â±îÁö ¿ë±â¿¡ ³²¾Æ ÀÖ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ¼ÒºñÀڵ鿡°Ô ¼º°¡½Ç »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ÀçÈ°¿ë½Ã¿¡µµ ¾î·Æ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. ³ª¸ÓÁö´Â ¿ì¼± ¿ë±â¿¡¼­ Á¦°ÅµÇ¾î¾ß Çϴµ¥, ÀÌ´Â ºñ¿ë°ú ½Ã°£ÀÌ ¸¹ÀÌ µé°í, ¸¹Àº ¾çÀÇ ¹°À» ¼Ò¸ðÇÑ´Ù. µ¶ÀÏÀÇ Fraunhofer Institutes¿¡¼­ Munich °ø¾÷ ´ëÇаú ´Ù¾çÇÑ »ê¾÷ Á¦ÈÞ»ç¿Í ÇÔ²² ½Ç½ÃÇÑ ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ µô·¹¸¶¸¦ ³¡³¾ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀº _³²Àº À½½Ä¹°ÀÇ ÈçÀûÀ» ÁÙÀ̱â_ À§ÇØ ¿ë±âÀÇ ³»ºÎ Ç¥¸é¿¡ 20 ³ª³ë¹ÌÅÍ µÎ²²µµ µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â ¾ãÀº ¸·À» ºÙÀÌ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ÄÉø º´¿¡ ³²Àº À½½Ä¹°ÀÌ ³¢Ä¡´Â ÇÇÇØ¿Í À̸¦ ÁÙÀ̱â À§ÇÑ ³ë·Â¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼³¸íÇÑ ±ÛÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨ê ¡®reduce leftover traces(³²Àº À½½Ä¹°ÀÇ ÈçÀûÀ» ÁÙÀ̱â)¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ç ÄÉøÀ» ½Å¼±ÇÏ°Ô À¯ÁöÇÏ±â ¨è ¼öµ¾¹°À» Á¦°ÅÇÏ±â ¨é ³ª³ë±â¼úÀ» °³¹ßÇϱ⠨ë ÄÉøÀÇ °¡°ÝÀ» ¿Ã¸®±â (±¸¹®) * _No matter how_ we shake or tap the bottle of ketchup, some of it refuses to come out.: 'no matter£«Àǹ®»ç'´Â 'Àǹ®»ç£«ever'·Î °íÄ¥ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¾çº¸ÀÇ ºÎ»çÀýÀ» À̲ö´Ù. * The leftovers first have to be removed from the packaging, _which_ is expensive, time-consuming ~.: whichÀÇ ¼±Çà»ç´Â the packagingÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¾Õ ¹®Àå ÀüüÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * refuse to do: ~ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù * packaging: ¿ë±â, Æ÷Àå * annoying: ¼º°¡½Å, °ñÄ¡ ¾ÆÇ * pose: (¹®Á¦ µîÀ») Á¦±âÇÏ´Ù * leftover: ³ª¸ÓÁö, ³²Àº À½½Ä * time-consuming: ½Ã°£ÀÌ ¸¹ÀÌ µå´Â * put an end to: ~À» ³¡³»´Ù * dilemma µô·¹¸¶, ÁøÅð¾ç³­ * apply: ºÙÀÌ´Ù, »ç¿ëÇÏ´Ù, Àû¿ëÇÏ´Ù 50. Çؼ®: ¿ì¸®°¡ ½Ç¼ö¸¦ ÇßÀ» ¶§, ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ¼¼·Î ¹è¿­ÀÇ ¼ýÀÚ¸¦ ´õÇÒ ¶§Ã³·³, ¿ì¸®´Â ±×°ÍÀ» °è¼ÓÇؼ­ ¹Ýº¹ÇÏ´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Çö»óÀº Áö¼ÓÀûÀÎ ½Ç¼ö¶ó°í ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ì¸®°¡ ¹®Á¦¸¦ Ç®°íÀÚ ÇÒ ¶§ ¶È°°Àº ÀÏÀÌ ÀϾ´Ù; ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »ç°í°¡ ƯÁ¤ÇÑ °úÁ¤À» ÃëÇÒ ¶§¸¶´Ù, ±×·¯ÇÑ °úÁ¤Àº ´ÙÀ½¹ø¿¡ µÚµû¸¦ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ´õ ³ô´Ù. ¿ì¸®°¡ µÇÇ®ÀÌÇؼ­ °°Àº ½Ç¼ö¸¦ ÇÏ´Â ÀÌÀ¯´Â ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ »ç°í »çÀÌÀÇ »ý°¢µé °£¿¡ °áÇÕÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö°í, À̵éÀÌ »ç¿ëµÉ ¶§¸¶´Ù ´õ °­·ÂÇØÁö±â ¶§¹®À̸ç, ¸¶Ä§³» ±×·¯ÇÑ ¿¬°üÀÌ ³Ê¹« Àß È®¸³µÇ¾î¼­, _±× »ç½½Àº ²÷±â°¡ ¸Å¿ì Èûµé°Ô µÈ´Ù_. µû¶ó¼­ ¿ì¸®°¡ ÇÑ ¹ø ¹«ÀÍÇÑ »ý°¢ÀÇ ²öÀ» ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌ°Ô µÇ¸é, À¯ÀÍÇÑ »ý°¢ÀÇ ²öÀ» ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀ̱Ⱑ ´õ ¾î·Æ´Ù. (Çؼ³) 78ÂÊ ¨è Áö¼ÓÀûÀÎ ¹®Á¦µéÀº ÀÚµ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î ÇØ°áµÈ´Ù ¨é ±× »ý°¢µéÀº ¼­·Î¿ÍÀÇ ¿¬°ü¼ºÀ» ÀҴ´٠¨ê ±× °ü·ÃµéÀº ½Ã°£ÀÌ Áö³²¿¡ µû¶ó¼­ ´õ ¾àÇØÁø´Ù (±¸¹®) The reason _that_ we keep making the same error repeatedly is _that_ associations form between the ideas ~.: ¾Õ¿¡ ³ª¿Â thatÀº °ü°èºÎ»ç why¸¦ ´ë½ÅÇÏ°í, µÚ¿¡ ³ª¿Â thatÀº isÀÇ º¸¾î°¡ µÇ´Â ¸í»çÀýÀ» À̲ô´Â Á¢¼Ó»çÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * add a column of figures: ¼¼·Î ¹è¿­ÀÇ ¼ýÀÚ¸¦ ´õÇÏ´Ù * have a tendency to: ~ÇÏ´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù * persistent: Áö¼ÓÀûÀÎ, ²öÁú±ä * phenomenon: Çö»ó * repeatedly: µÇÇ®ÀÌÇؼ­ * association: °áÇÕ, ¿¬ÇÕ * connection: ¿¬°ü, °ü·Ã * established: È®½ÇÇÑ, È®¸³µÈ, È®ÀÎ(È®Áõ)µÈ * adopt: ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌ´Ù, äÅÃÇÏ´Ù * unprofitable: ÀÌÀÍ ¾ø´Â, ¼öÁö ¾È ¸Â´Â 51. Çؼ®: ¹Ù´å¹° ¹«°ÔÀÇ ´ë·« 3ÆÛ¼¾Æ®´Â ¼Ò±ÝÀÌ Â÷ÁöÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. À°Áö¿¡¼­ Èê·¯ µé¾î¿À´Â ºø¹°·Î ÀÎÇØ ¹Ù´ÙÀÇ ¼Ò±Ý¾çÀº °è¼ÓÇؼ­ Áõ°¡µÇ°í ÀÖ±â´Â ÇÏÁö¸¸, ¼Ò±ÝÀÇ ¾çÀÌ Áõ°¡ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ¼öÁõ±â°¡ ¼Ò±ÝÀ» ³²°ÜµÎ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ (¹Ù´å¹°ÀÇ) Áõ¹ß·Î ÀÎÇØ ¼Ò±ÝÀÌ ¹Ù´Ù·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾ø¾îÁú ¼ö´Â ¾ø´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î À°Áö¿¡¼­ Èê·¯µé¾î¿À´Â ºø¹°ÀÇ ºñÀ²À» °í·ÁÇØ ºÃÀ» ¶§, ±×¸®°í ƯÈ÷ ¼¼»óÀÌ ¼ö¾ï ³âÀ̳ª Á¸ÀçÇØ ¿Ô´Ù¸é ¹Ù´Ù°¡ ¿Ö _±×·¸°Ô ÀûÀº ¼Ò±ÝÀ» °¡Áö°í Àִ°¡_ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¿À·§µ¿¾È ºÒ°¡»çÀÇ¿´´Ù. ±íÀº ¹Ù´Ù ¼Ó ±¸¸ÛµéÀÌ ¹ß°ßµÈ 1970³â´ë°¡ µÇ¾î¼­¾ß ¼ö¼ö²²³¢´Â Ç®·È´Ù. ÇØÀú¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÀÌ·± Æ´µé ¼ÓÀ¸·Î ¹Ù´å¹°ÀÌ Èê·¯µé¾î°¬°í ¼ö¹é¸¸ ³â ÈÄ¿¡ ±×°ÍÀÌ È­»ê¿¡¼­ ³ª¿À´Â Áõ±â·Î ´Ù½Ã ³ªÅ¸³¯ ¶§ ¾Ï¼®µéÀ» Åë°úÇϸ鼭 ¹Ù´å¹°·ÎºÎÅÍ ¼Ò±ÝÀÌ ¿©°úµÇ¾î ³ª¿Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¼Ò±ÝÀÌ À°Áö·ÎºÎÅÍ °è¼Ó À¯ÀÔµÇÁö¸¸ ¹Ù´Ù ¼Ó ¼Ò±ÝÀÇ ¾çÀÌ ´ÃÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀº, ¼Ò±ÝÀ» ´ãÀº ¹Ù´å¹°ÀÌ ¹Ù´Ù ¼Ó ±íÀº ±¸¸Û ¼ÓÀ¸·Î Èê·¯µé¾î°¡ ¿À·£ ½Ã°£ÀÌ Áö³­ ÈÄ¿¡¾ß ¿©°úµÇ¾î ³ª¿À±â ¶§¹®ÀÓÀ» ¼³¸íÇÏ´Â ±ÛÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·± ÀÛ¿ëÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ¹Ù´Ù°¡ ¨é ¡®have so little salt in it(±×·¸°Ô ÀûÀº ¼Ò±ÝÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù)¡¯À̶ó°í Ãß·ÐÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¨ç ¸Å¿ì ±í°í ³Ð´Ù ¨è ±×·¸°Ô ¸¹Àº ºø¹°À» ¸¸µé¾î³½´Ù ¨ê ¸Å¿ì ¸¹Àº È­»êµéÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù (±¸¹®) The riddle was _not_ solved _until_ the 1970s, _when_ the deep ocean openings were discovered.: 'not A until B'´Â ¡®BÇÏ°í¼­¾ß ºñ·Î¼Ò AÇÏ´Ù¡¯ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀÌ°í, 'ÄÞ¸¶(,)£«when'Àº °è¼ÓÀû ¿ë¹ýÀÇ °ü°èºÎ»ç·Î and thenÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²Ü ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * account for ~À» Â÷ÁöÇÏ´Ù, ~À» ¼³¸íÇÏ´Ù * salt content ¼Ò±ÝÀÇ ¾ç * continually °è¼Ó, ²÷ÀÓ¾øÀÌ * add to ~¿¡ ´õÇØÁö´Ù * runoff ¶¥ À§·Î È帣´Â ºø¹° * evaporation Áõ¹ß * vapor ¼öÁõ±â * as to ~¿¡ °üÇؼ­´Â * riddle ¼ö¼ö²²³¢ * swallow (²Ü²©) µéÀÌÅ°´Ù(up) * crack °¥¶óÁø Æ´ * reemerge ´Ù½Ã ³ªÅ¸³ª´Ù, ÀçÃâÇöÇÏ´Ù * filter °Å¸£´Ù, ¿©°úÇÏ´Ù * passage Åë°ú, Åë·Î 52. Çؼ®: ½Å·ÚÇÒ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¾Æ¹«µµ ¾ø´Ù°í ¹Ï´Â ÀϺΠ»ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ±×µéÀÌ ÀÌ·¸°Ô ´À³¢´Â ÀÌÀ¯´Â ±×µéÀÇ ÇൿÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ±×µé¿¡°Ô °ÅÁþ¸»À» Çϵµ·Ï °­¿äÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çϸé, ±×µéÀº Áø½ÇÀ» ¸»ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¹«·ÊÇϰųª °¨Á¤ÀûÀ¸·Î ¹ÝÀÀÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡, »ç¶÷µéÀÌ À̵鿡°Ô Áø½ÇÀ» ¸»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¾î·Á¿öÇÑ´Ù. ´ç½Å¿¡°Ô Áø½ÇÀ» ¸»ÇÒ ¶§, ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¾ó¸¶³ª È­¸¦ ³»°í, »óó¸¦ ÀÔ°í, Áõ¿À½É¿¡ °¡µæ Â÷ ÀÖ´ÂÁö »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¾Ë°Ô µÈ´Ù¸é, ±× »ç¶÷µéÀº ¹«½¼ ¼ö¸¦ ½á¼­¶óµµ ´ç½Å¿¡°Ô Áø½ÇÀ» ¸»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÇÇÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀÌ ½±°Ô È­¸¦ ³»´Â »ç¶÷À¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ±×µéÀº ´ç½ÅÀÌ º¸ÀÌ´Â ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ¹ÝÀÀÀ» ÇÇÇϱâ À§ÇØ _Áø½ÇÀ» ¿Ö°îÇÒ_ °ÍÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ±âºÐÀ̳ª »ý°¢ÀÌ ½ÇÁ¦·Î ¾î¶°ÇÒÁö ´ç½ÅÀº °áÄÚ ¾Ë ¼ö ¾øÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ÀÚ³àµé¿¡°Ô Áø½ÇÀ» ¸»Ç϶ó°í ¿ä±¸ÇÏ°í¼­ ±×°ÍÀÌ ÃæºÐÈ÷ ¸¸Á·½º·´Áö ¸øÇÏ´Ù´Â ÀÌÀ¯·Î Àڳ࿡°Ô ¹úÀ» Áشٸé, ÀÚ½ÅÀ» º¸È£Çϱâ À§Çؼ­ ´ç½Å¿¡°Ô °ÅÁþ¸»À» Ç϶ó°í ±×µé¿¡°Ô °¡¸£Ä¡´Â ¼ÀÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Áø½ÇÀ» ¸»ÇÒ ¶§ ¿ì¸®°¡ ¹«·ÊÇϰųª °¨Á¤ÀûÀ¸·Î ¹ÝÀÀÀ» ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô Áø½ÇÀ» ¸»ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°Ô ¸¸µç´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ¹ÝÀÀÀ» ÇÇÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¨è ¡®distort the truth(Áø½ÇÀ» ¿Ö°îÇÒ)¡¯ °ÍÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡ ±×µéÀÇ ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ »ý°¢À̳ª °¨Á¤À» ¾Ë ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â È帧ÀÌ µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¨ç ±×µéÀÇ Àڳฦ º¸È£ÇÒ ¨é ´ç½ÅÀÇ ºñ¿ëÀ» ³¶ºñÇÒ ¨ê ´ç½ÅÀÇ °¨Á¤À» ÇØÄ¥ (±¸¹®) ¡¦ they make _it_ difficult _for others to tell them the truth_ ~.: 'make(find/believe/think µî)£«°¡¸ñÀû¾î(it)£« ¸ñÀû°Ýº¸¾î£«(for£«Àǹ̻óÀÇ Á־)Áø¸ñÀû¾î(toºÎÁ¤»ç)' Çü½ÄÀÇ ¹®ÀåÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * compel: °­¿äÇÏ´Ù * respond: ¹ÝÀÀÇÏ´Ù * hateful: Áõ¿À½É¿¡ °¡µæ Âù * offended: °¨Á¤ÀÌ »óÇÑ * at all costs: ¾î¶² Èñ»ýÀ» Ä¡¸£´õ¶óµµ, ²À(= at any cost) 79ÂÊ 53. Çؼ®: ¹Ù±ù¿¡¼­ ±×¸²À» ±×¸± ¶§ ³»°¡ µû¸£´Â Áß¿äÇÑ ¿øÄ¢µé Áß Çϳª´Â _³Ê¹« ¾î·Æ°Å³ª ÀÌ»óÇÑ ´ë»óÀº ¼±ÅÃÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °Í_ÀÌ´Ù. ³ª´Â ƯÀÌÇÑ °¢µµÀÇ ÁöºØÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â ÁýÀ̳ª Çê°£, ȤÀº Å©±â, ¿ø±Ù¹ý, ¶Ç´Â µðÀÚÀο¡¼­ ºÎÁ¤È®ÇÑ °Íó·³ º¸ÀÌ´Â ¹°Ã¼´Â ¸Ö¸® ÇÏ·Á°í ÇÑ´Ù. ¾î¶² ´ë»óÀ» ÃÄ´Ùº¼ ¶§ ±×°ÍÀÌ È¥¶õ½º·´°Ô ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ±×°ÍÀ» ±×¸®·Á°í ½ÃµµÇÒ ¶§´Â ´õ È¥¶õ½º·¯¿ï °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ³ª´Â ¸ð¼­¸® ºÎºÐÀÌ Á÷°¢ÀÌÁö ¾ÊÀº ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î Çê°£À» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¾Æ¹«¸® ¿©·¯ ¹ø ±×°ÍÀ» ±×·Áµµ, ¿ø±Ù¹ýÀÌ ¿Ã¹Ù¸£Áö ¾Ê¾Æ º¸¿´´Ù. ¸¸¾à ³»°¡ ÀÌ Çê°£À» Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ±×·Á¼­ ±×°ÍÀ» Àü½Ãȸ¿¡ ³» ³õ´Â´Ù¸é, ³ª´Â ÇüÆí¾ø´Â ¿ø±Ù¹ý ¶§¹®¿¡ ¸ðµç Á¾·ùÀÇ ºñ³­À» ¹Þ°Ô µÉ °Å¶ó°í È®½ÅÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. ³ª´Â ±× Çê°£ÀÌ ½ÇÁ¦·Î ÀÌ·± ½ÄÀ¸·Î °Ç¼³µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù°í ³ª¸¦ ºñÆÇÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¸»Çϱâ À§ÇØ ±×°÷¿¡ ÀÖÁö´Â ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ³ª´Â ³ª¿¡°Ô ¿Ã¹Ù¸¥ °Íó·³ º¸ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â ´ë»óÀ» ¸Ö¸®ÇÑ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ÀÌ»óÇÑ °¢µµ³ª ¿ø±Ù¹ý, µðÀÚÀÎÀ» °¡Áø ´ë»óÀ» ±×¸®·Á°í ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â ³»¿ë¿¡¼­ ÇÊÀÚ°¡ ±×¸²À» ±×¸± ¶§ µû¸£´Â ¿øÄ¢µé Áß Çϳª°¡ ¨ç ¡®not to select a subject that is too difficult or odd(³Ê¹« ¾î·Æ°Å³ª ÀÌ»óÇÑ ´ë»óÀº ¼±ÅÃÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °Í)¡¯ÀÓÀ» Ãß·ÐÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¨è ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×·È´ø ¾î¶² »ç¹°µµ ±×¸®Áö ¾Ê´Â °Í ¨é »ó»ó·ÂÀ» °¡Áö°í »ç¹°À» ±×¸®´Â °Í ¨ê Ãß»óÀûÀÎ ´ë»óµé·ÎºÎÅÍ Á¤º¸¸¦ ¾ò´Â °Í (±¸¹®) _No matter how_ many times I have drawn it, the perspective does not look right.: No matter how´Â ¡®¾Æ¹«¸® ~Çصµ(ÀÏÁö¶óµµ)¡¯ÀÇ ¾çº¸ÀÇ Àǹ̷Î, However·Î ¹Ù²Ü ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * principle: ¿ø¸® * angle: °¢µµ * incorrect: ºÎÁ¤È®ÇÑ * perspective: ¿ø±Ù¹ý * right angle: Á÷°¢ * accurate: Á¤È®ÇÑ * criticism: ºñÆÇ * critic: ºñÆò°¡ 54. Çؼ®: ¼±ÅÃÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¸¹Àº °Íµé Áß¿¡¼­ ÇϳªÀÇ Ç׸ñÀ» °í¸¦ ¶§, °ÅºÎ´çÇÑ Ç׸ñµéÀÇ ¸Å·ÂÀûÀΠƯ¡µéÀº ¼±ÅùÞÀº Ç׸ñ¿¡¼­ ³ª¿À´Â ¸¸Á·°¨À» °¨¼Ò½Ãų °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¼±ÅÃÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¸¹Àº Ç׸ñµéÀÌ _¿ì¸®ÀÇ Çູ¿¡ ÇØ·Î¿ï ¼ö ÀÖ´Â_ ¸Å¿ì Áß¿äÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯°¡ ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â °ÅºÎ´çÇÑ Ç׸ñµéÀ» ¸¶À½¼Ó¿¡¼­ Áö¿ö¹ö¸®Áö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®¿¡, °í·Á´Â ÇßÁö¸¸ ¼±ÅÃÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´ø ¸ðµç ¼±Åà »çÇ׵鿡 ÀÇÇØ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ °áÁ¤¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸¸Á·°¨ÀÌ ÁÙ¾îµå´Â ½Ç¸Á°¨À» °æÇèÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¾î¶² ´Ù¸¥ °Í ´ë½Å¿¡ ÇÑ °¡Áö ¼±ÅÃÀ» ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ÀÒ°Ô µÇ´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±âȸºñ¿ëÀÇ ºÎÁ¤Àû È¿°úÀÇ °üÁ¡¿¡¼­, ¿ì¸®´Â °áÁ¤À» ÇÒ ¶§ ±âȸºñ¿ëÀ» ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ¹«½ÃÇÏ°í ½Í¾îÁø´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¼±ÅÃÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍµéÀÌ ¸¹À» ¶§ Çϳª¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¼±ÅÃÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °Íµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ì·ÃÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °áÁ¤¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸¸Á·°¨ÀÌ ÁÙ¾îµç´Ù°í ÇßÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¼±ÅÃÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Ç׸ñµéÀÌ ¸¹Àº °ÍÀº ¨ç ¡®can be harmful to our well-being(¿ì¸®ÀÇ Çູ¿¡ ÇØ·Î¿ï ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù)¡¯À̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» Ãß·ÐÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¨è ¼ÒºñÀÚ ¿¬·É Áý´Ü¿¡ °ø°³µÇ´Ù ¨é ¼ö¼¼´ë¿¡ °ÉÃÄ Àü½ÂµÇ´Ù ¨ê ¸¸Á·ÇÑ ¼ÒºñÀڵ鿡 ÀÇÇØ Á¦°øµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù (±¸¹®) ¡¦ we experience the disappointment of _having_ our satisfaction with decisions _reduced_ by all the options ~.: 'have£«¸ñÀû¾î£«°ú°ÅºÐ»ç'´Â ¡®~°¡ ¡¦µÊÀ» ´çÇÏ´Ù¡¯ÀÇ Àǹ̷Π¸ñÀû¾î¿Í ¸ñÀû°Ýº¸¾îÀÎ °ú°ÅºÐ»ç°¡ ¼öµ¿ÀÇ °ü°èÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * option: ¼±ÅÃÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °Í * reject: °ÅÀýÇÏ´Ù * feature: Ư¡ * derive: ²ø¾î³»´Ù * in light of: ~ÀÇ °üÁ¡¿¡¼­ * opportunity cost: ±âȸºñ¿ë * be tempted to: ~ÇÏ°í ½Í¾îÁö´Ù * altogether: ¿ÏÀüÈ÷, ¾ÆÁÖ, ÀüºÎ 55. Çؼ®: Áß±¹ÀÇÇп¡¼­ Â÷°¡¿î ±â¿îÀÇ À½½Ä°ú ÀÍÈ÷Áö ¾ÊÀº À½½ÄÀ̶ó°í ¿©±â´Â »ø·¯µå, ¾ÆÀ̽ºÅ©¸², Â÷°¡¿î À½·á, ¶Ç´Â °úÀÏ °°Àº À½½ÄµéÀÇ °úµµÇÑ ¼·Ãë´Â ºñÀåÀ» ¾àÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·± »ý°¢Àº ½Ä´Ü¿¡ °üÇÑ ¸ðµç Çö´ëÀûÀÎ »ç°í¹æ½Ä¿¡ ¹èÄ¡µÇ´Âµ¥, ÀÌ¿¡ µû¸£¸é ÀÍÈ÷Áö ¾ÊÀº ä¼Ò¿Í °úÀÏÀ» ¼·ÃëÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¿ì¸®´Â ±×°Íµé ¼Ó¿¡ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç ºñŸ¹Î°ú ¹«±â¹°À» Èí¼öÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¾î´À Á¤µµ Ÿ´çÇϸç, ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº À½½Ä¹°ÀÇ Àû´çÇÑ ¼·Ãë´Â ¸ö¿¡ ÀÌ·Î¿ï ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Áß±¹ÀÇ °üÁ¡¿¡¼­ º¸¸é ºñÀå¿¡´Â °ÇÁ¶ÇÏ°í µû¶æÇÑ À½½ÄÀÌ ÀûÇÕÇϸç, °úµµÇÑ ¼öºÐ°ú Â÷°¡¿òÀº ÀûÇÕÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù. À§¿¡¼­ ¾ð±ÞÇÑ À½½ÄµéÀÇ °úµµÇÑ ¼·Ãë´Â ¼ÒÈ­¿¡ ¸¹Àº ÁöÀåÀ» ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ°í ºñÀåÀ» ¾àÇÏ°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ƯÈ÷ ºñÀå¿¡ ¹®Á¦°¡ ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº _ÀÍÈ÷Áö ¾ÊÀº À½½Ä°ú Â÷°¡¿î À½½ÄÀ» °úµµÇÏ°Ô ¼·ÃëÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù._ (Çؼ³) Áß±¹ÀÇÇÐÀÌ cold-energy foods¶ó°í ºÎ¸£´Â À½½Ä°ú ÀÍÈ÷Áö ¾ÊÀº À½½ÄÀÌ Çö´ëÀÎÀÇ »ý°¢°ú´Â ´Ù¸£°Ô °úÀ× ¼·ÃëµÉ °æ¿ì ƯÈ÷ ºñÀåÀÌ ¾È ÁÁÀº »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô´Â ÁÁÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀ» ´Ù·ç°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨ê ¡®should not consume raw and cold foods in excess(ÀÍÈ÷Áö ¾ÊÀº À½½Ä°ú Â÷°¡¿î À½½ÄÀ» °úµµÇÏ°Ô ¼·ÃëÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù)¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ç À½½Ä¿¡ ÀÖ´Â È­ÇÐ ¼ººÐÀ» ¹«½ÃÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù ¨è Á» ´õ ¸¹Àº ¹«±âÁú°ú ä¼Ò¸¦ ¼·ÃëÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù ¨é À¯±â³ó ½ÄÇ°°ú ºñŸ¹Î Á¤Á¦¸¦ ¼·ÃëÇؼ­´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù (±¸¹®) 80ÂÊ (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * excessive: °úµµÇÑ * consumption: ¼Òºñ, ¼Ò¸ð * run counter to: ~¿¡ ¹ÝÇÏ´Ù, ~À» °Å½º¸£´Ù * absorb: Èí¼öÇÏ´Ù * to a certain extent: ¾î´À Á¤µµ±îÁö´Â * moderate: ÀûÀýÇÑ * beneficial: À¯ÀÍÇÑ * dryness: °ÇÁ¶(»óÅÂ) * digest: ¼ÒÈ­ÇÏ´Ù * tendency: °æÇâ 56. Çؼ®: Kate¿Í ±×³àÀÇ ±Þ¿ìÀÎ Jamie´Â 1998³â Àü±¹ ÀÎÁ¾Â÷º° öÆó ºñµð¿À °æ¿¬´ëȸ(Stop Racism National Video Competition)¿¡¼­ ¿ì½ÂÇÑ ÆÀµé Áß °¡Àå ¾î·È´Ù. ±×µéÀÇ ÃâÇ°ÀÛÀº ¡°¸ðµÎ°¡ ¶È°°½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ¾ÆÀ̵éÀº ¸ðµÎ°¡ ¾Æ¸§´ä½À´Ï´Ù.¡±¿Í °°Àº ¸Þ½ÃÁöµé°ú ÇÔ²² Ź¾Æ¼Ò¿¡¼­ ³î°í ÀÖ´Â ¾ÆÀ̵éÀ» ¹¦»çÇß´Ù. Kate´Â ±×µéÀÌ ¸¸µç ºñµð¿ÀÀÇ ÃëÁö°¡ Àΰ£Àº À¯ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÎÁ¾Â÷º°ÀûÀΠŵµ·Î À¯Àü ¾ÏÈ£°¡ ÁöÁ¤µÇ¾î ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¿© ÁÖ±â À§ÇÑ °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ¡°_¾ÆÀ̵éÀº ¼ºÀåÇϸ鼭 ±×µéÀÇ ÁÖÀ§ ȯ°æÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÎÁ¾Â÷º°ÀûÀÎ »ý°¢À» °¡Áö°Ô µË´Ï´Ù._¡±¶ó°í ±×³à´Â ¼³¸íÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×³à´Â, ¡°Å¹¾Æ¼Ò¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¾ÆÀ̵éÀº ¡®³­ ³×°¡ ÈæÀÎÀ̾ °°ÀÌ ³îÁö ¾ÊÀ» °Å¾ß¡¯¶ó°í ¸»ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Âµ¥, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±×µéÀº ÀÎÁ¾Â÷º°ÁÖÀÇ¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­ ½ÇÁ¦·Î ¾ËÁö ¸øÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.¡±¶ó°í µ¡ºÙ¿© ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. Kate¿¡ µû¸£¸é, ±³À°Àº º¸´Ù ¾î¸° ¼¼´ë¿Í ÇÔ²² ½ÃÀ۵ȴÙ. ±×¸®°í ¸¸¾à ±×µéÀÌ ¸ðµç Á¾·ùÀÇ ¹®È­¸¦ °æÇèÇϸ鼭 ÀÚ¶õ´Ù¸é, ±×µéÀº Æí°ßÀ» ´ú °®°Ô µÈ´Ù. (Çؼ³) Àΰ£Àº À¯ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÎÁ¾Â÷º°ÀûÀÎ À¯Àü ¾ÏÈ£¸¦ °¡Áö°í žÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, Ź¾Æ¼Ò¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¾ÆÀ̵éÀº ÀÎÁ¾Â÷º°À» ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í, ¸ðµç ¹®È­¸¦ °æÇèÇϸ鼭 ÀÚ¶ó¸é Æí°ßÀ» ´ú °®°Ô µÈ´Ù´Â KateÀÇ »ý°¢À» ±âÃÊ·Î »ý°¢ÇØ º¼ ¶§, ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨ê ¡®Children pick up racist ideas from their surroundings as they grow up(¾ÆÀ̵éÀº ÀÚ¶ó¸é¼­ ÁÖÀ§ ȯ°æÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÎÁ¾Â÷º°ÀûÀÎ »ý°¢À» °¡Áö°Ô µÈ´Ù)¡¯ÀÌ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ç ¹®È­´Â °æÀï¿¡¼­ À̱â´Â µ¥ ¸Å¿ì Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù ¨è ´Ù¸¥ ÇǺλöÀº ¾ÆÀ̵鿡°Ô ³ª»Û ÀλóÀ» ÁØ´Ù ¨é ¾Æ±âµéÀº °¡Á¤ÀûÀΠȯ°æ¿¡¼­ µ¹º¸¾ÆÁ®¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù (±¸¹®) Kate says (that) the point of their video was _to_ _show_ that human beings are not genetically coded ~.: says µÚ¿¡ ¸í»çÀýÀ» À̲ô´Â Á¢¼Ó»ç thatÀÌ »ý·«µÇ¾î ÀÖ°í, to show´Â wasÀÇ º¸¾î°¡ µÇ´Â ¸í»çÀû ¿ë¹ýÀÇ toºÎÁ¤»çÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * racism: ÀÎÁ¾Â÷º°(ÁÖÀÇ) * submission: Á¦Ãâ¹°, ±âŹ, ÀÇ·Ú * depict: ¹¦»çÇÏ´Ù * nursery: À°¾Æ½Ç, Ź¾Æ¼Ò * accompany: µ¿¹ÝÇÏ´Ù * genetically: À¯ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î * code: ÄÚµåÈ­ÇÏ´Ù, À¯Àü¾ÏÈ£¸¦ ºÎ¿©ÇÏ´Ù * racist: ÀÎÁ¾Â÷º°ÀûÀÎ * bias: Æí°ß 57. Çؼ®: ¿ì¸® ½Ã´ë¿¡ °¡Àå ³Î¸® ÆÛÁ® ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¾Æ¸¶µµ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ Á¢µÎ»ç´Â ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡? ´äÀº ¡®Çϳª ÀÌ»ó¡¯À» ÀǹÌÇÏ´Â multiÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Çö´ëÀÇ Á÷¾÷Àº Á¡Á¡ ´õ ´ÙÁß ÀÛ¾÷À» ¿ä±¸ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »çȸµµ ´Ù¹®È­È­ µÇ¾î °¡°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¿À¶ôµµ ´ÙÁß ¸Åü´Ù. ÇÑ ºÐ¾ßÀÇ ¼¼¼¼ÇÑ Áö½ÄÀÌ ÇÑ ¶§ ¼º°øÀ» º¸ÀåÇØ ÁØ ¹Ý¸é, ¿À´Ã ³¯ ÃÖ°íÀÇ Æ÷»óÀº ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¿µ¿ª¿¡¼­ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ÀڽۨÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÏÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô µ¹¾Æ°£´Ù. ÀÌ·± »ç¶÷µéÀ» °æ°è¸¦ ³Ñ³ªµå´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ̶ó°í ºÎ¸£ÀÚ. ±×µéÀº ¿©·¯ ºÐ¾ß¿¡¼­ Àü¹® Áö½ÄÀ» °³¹ßÇÏ°í, ¿©·¯ ¾ð¾î¸¦ ±¸»çÇϸç, _¾ÆÁÖ ´Ù¾çÇÑ Àΰ£ °æÇè¿¡¼­ Áñ°Å¿òÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÑ´Ù._ ±×µéÀº ´ÙÁßÀÇ »îÀ» »ç´Âµ¥ ÀÌ´Â ±×°ÍÀÌ ´õ¿í Èï¹Ì·Ó°í, ¿À´Ã³¯¿¡´Â ´õ¿í È¿°úÀûÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ºóÄ­ÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ºÎºÐÀº ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¿µ¿ªÀ» ³Ñ³ªµå´Â boundary crossersÀÇ Æ¯Â¡À» ³ª¿­ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ºÎºÐÀε¥, ÇÑ °¡Áö Àü¹® ºÐ¾ß°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¿©·¯ ºÐ¾ß¿¡ °ü½ÉÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÇ Æ¯Â¡ÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î´Â ¨é ¡®find joy in the rich variety of human experience(¾ÆÁÖ ´Ù¾çÇÑ Àΰ£ °æÇè¿¡¼­ Áñ°Å¿òÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÑ´Ù)¡¯°¡ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ç µÎ ¾ð¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â Áö¿ªÀÌ ºñÈ¿À²ÀûÀ̶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù ¨è ÇÑ ºÐ¾ß¿¡¼­ÀÇ ÀڽŵéÀÇ Àü¹®¼º¿¡ ¸¸Á·ÇÑ´Ù ¨ê ´Ù¾çÇÑ Àü¹® Áö½ÄÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â ºÐ¾ß¸¦ ÇÇÇÑ´Ù (±¸¹®) _While_ detailed knowledge of a single area _once_ guaranteed success, today the top rewards go to those ~.: whileÀº ¾çº¸ÀÇ Á¢¼Ó»ç·Î althoughÀÇ ÀǹÌÀÌ°í, once´Â ¡®ÇÑ ¶§¡¯ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * prevalent: ³Î¸® ÆÛÁø * multi-tasking: ´ÙÁß ÀÛ¾÷(ÀÇ) * multi-cultural: ´Ù¹®È­ÀÇ * entertainment: ¿¬¿¹, ¿À¶ô * guarantee: º¸ÁõÇÏ´Ù * reward: º¸»ó * confidence: Àڽۨ * realm: ¿µ¿ª * boundary: °æ°è * expertise: Àü¹® ±â¼ú * effective: È¿°úÀûÀÎ 58. Çؼ®: ¾ß°£ Àá¼ö´Â ÁÖ°£ Àá¼öº¸´Ù È®½ÇÈ÷ ´ú ´Ü¼øÇϱâ´Â ÇÏÁö¸¸ ÀûÀýÈ÷ Áغñ¸¦ ÇÏ¸é ºñ±³Àû °£´ÜÇÏ´Ù. ¼º´ÉÀÌ ÁÁÀº ȸÁßÀüµîÀÌ ´ç½ÅÀÇ ±æ°ú ÁÖº¯ÀÇ »ý¹°À» ½±°Ô ºñÃß¾î ÁÙ °ÍÀÌ°í, ¹Ù´å¼Ó ¸ð½ÀÀ» ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ »öä ±×´ë·Î º¸¿© ÁÙ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ȸÁßÀüµîÀ» °¡·Á¹ö¸®¸é, ´ç½ÅÀº _¾ó¸¶³ª ¸¹Àº ºûÀÌ ¹Ù´å¼Ó¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´ÂÁö¿¡ ³î¶ö_ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸¹Àº »ý¸íü°¡ ¾ß°£¿¡ ºûÀ» ¹ßÇÏ´Â Çö»óÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±×·¡¼­ ¹°¼ÓÀ» À̵¿ÇÒ ¶§ ´ç½ÅÀº ÇöûÅ©ÅæÀ¸·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ÀÛÀº Æĵ¿ÀÇ ºûÀ» ¹æÃâÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ¿©, ¾Æ¸§´ä°Ô ºû³ª´Â ÀÚ±¹ÀÌ ´ç½ÅÀÇ µÚ¸¦ µû¸£µµ·Ï ³²°Ü ³õÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ºóÄ­ ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ¾ß°£¿¡ ºûÀ» ¹ßÇÏ´Â »ý¸íü¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾ð±ÞÀÌ µÚµû¸£°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ¾ß°£¿¡ ¹Ù´å¼Ó¿¡¼­ ȸÁßÀüµîÀÇ ºûÀ» °¡¸®¸é ¨ç ¡®be surprised at how much light there is underwater(¾ó¸¶³ª ¸¹Àº ºûÀÌ ¹Ù´å¼Ó¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´ÂÁö¿¡ ³î¶ó°Ô µÇ´Ù)¡¯¶ó´Â ³»¿ëÀ¸·Î À̾îÁ®¾ß ÀÚ¿¬½º·´´Ù. ¨è ¾ß°£ Àá¼öÀÇ ºñ½Ñ °¡°ÝÀ» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ´Ù ¨é ¼öÁß ºûÀÌ ¾ó¸¶³ª À§ÇèÇÑÁö¸¦ ¾Ë´Ù ¨ê ¾ß°£ Àá¼ö°¡ °Ç°­¿¡ ¾ó¸¶³ª ÁÁÀºÁö¸¦ ±ú´Ý´Ù (±¸¹®) ¡¦ as you move through the water, you will cause plankton to release tiny pulses of light, _leaving_ beautiful glowing wakes _trailing_ behind you.: as´Â ¡®~ÇÒ ¶§(=when)¡¯¶ó´Â ¶æÀÇ Á¢¼Ó»çÀÌ°í, leaving ¡¦ you´Â ºÎ´ë»óȲÀÇ ºÐ»ç±¸¹®À¸·Î and leave ~·Î ¹Ù²ã ¾µ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, trailingÀº leavingÀÇ ¸ñÀû°Ýº¸¾îÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * obviously: ¸í¹éÈ÷ * properly: ÀûÀýÈ÷ * organize: ÁغñÇÏ´Ù, Á¶Á÷ÇÏ´Ù * straightforward: °£´ÜÇÑ, ¶È¹Ù¸¥ * reveal: µå·¯³»´Ù * marine: ¹Ù´ÙÀÇ * release: ¹æÃâÇÏ´Ù * pulse: Æĵ¿, Áøµ¿ * wake: Áö³ª°£ ÀÚ±¹ * trail: µÚ¸¦ ¹â´Ù 59. Çؼ®: ÆÀ ÀÛ¾÷Àº ÁöµµÀÚ°¡ ¸ðµç ÃÖ»óÀÇ ±âȸ³ª °úÁ¦, ±×¸®°í °øÀûÀ» ÀÚ±â È¥ÀÚ¸¸ ¿òÄÑÁã°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é °¡´ÉÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦·Î, ÁöµµÀÚ°¡ ³ë·ÂÀÇ ¸ñÇ¥·Î »ï¾Æ¾ß ÇÒ Áß¿äÇÑ Á¡Àº _ÆÀ ±¸¼º¿øµé¿¡°Ô ¼ºÃë ±âȸ¸¦ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â_ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Dollus Bank ÆÀÀÇ ¸®´õÀÎ Trevor Canfield°¡ ÇÏÀ§Á÷ÀÇ ÅõÀÚ´ã´ç ÀºÇà¿ø¿¡°Ô ¸í¼º ÀÖ´Â °èÁ¸¦ À̲øµµ·Ï ÀÚ¸®¸¦ ¾çº¸ÇØ ÁÖ¾úÀ» ¶§, ±×´Â ¹Ù·Î ±×·¯ÇÑ ÀÏÀ» Çß´Ù. ¡®Áý¿¡¼­ ¼öÇ¥ÀåÀÇ Àܾ׵µ ¸ÂÃâ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´ø¡¯ ÇÑ È­ÇÐ °øÇÐÀÚ¿¡°Ô Zebra TeamÀÇ 2¾ï ´Þ·¯ ¿¹»êÀ» ÁغñÇϴ åÀÓÀ» ¶°¸Ãµµ·Ï GopakÀÇ Mike Fangos°¡ ±ÇÇßÀ» ¶§, ±×µµ ±×·¸°Ô Çß´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ±æ¿¡¼­ ¹°·¯³ª ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ±âȸ¸¦ ÁÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾È³»³ª °¨½Ã, ±×¸®°í ÅëÁ¦¸¦ À§ÇÑ Ã¥ÀÓÀ» Æ÷±âÇÑ´Ù´Â Àǹ̴ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. (Çؼ³) ºóÄ­ ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ¿À´Â Trevor Canfield³ª Mike FangosÀÇ ¿¹¸¦ ÅëÇØ Ãß·ÐÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °øÅëÁ¡Àº ÆÀÀÇ ¸®´õ°¡ ±¸¼º¿øµé¿¡°Ô °ú°¨ÇÏ°Ô ±âȸ¸¦ ºÎ¿©Çß´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¨ë ¡®provide performance opportunities to the team members(ÆÀ ±¸¼º¿øµé¿¡°Ô ¼ºÃë ±âȸ¸¦ Á¦°øÇÏ´Ù)¡¯°¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨ç ÆÀÀÇ ¸ðµç ±¸¼º¿øµéÀ» °æÀïÀ¸·Î ¸ô¾Æ³Ö´Ù ¨è ÀÓ¿øµé¿¡°Ô Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ Áö½Ã¿Í ¸í·ÉÀ» ³»¸®´Ù ¨é ÆÀÀ» À§ÇØ À¯´ÉÇÏ°í ÀÚ°ÝÀ» °®Ãá »ç¶÷µéÀ» ¸ðÁýÇÏ´Ù (±¸¹®) _Stepping_ out of the way to give opportunities to others, however, does not mean _giving_ up responsibility ~.: SteppingÀº ¹®ÀåÀÇ Á־ µÇ´Â µ¿¸í»çÀÌ°í, givingÀº meanÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î°¡ µÇ´Â µ¿¸í»çÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * performance: ¼ºÃë, ÀÛ¾÷ * grab: ¿òÄÑÁã´Ù * assignment: °úÁ¦, ÀÓ¹« * credit: °øÀû, ¸í¿¹ * crucial: Áß¿äÇÑ * challenge: ³ë·ÂÀÇ ¸ñÇ¥, Çغ¼ ¸¸ÇÑ ÀÏ * make room for: ~À» À§ÇØ ÀÚ¸®(Àå¼Ò¡¤±æ)¸¦ ºñÅ°´Ù(¸¸µé´Ù), ÀÚ¸®¸¦ ¾çº¸ÇÏ´Ù * prestigious: ¸í¼º ÀÖ´Â, ÀÏ·ùÀÇ * balance: ¼öÀÔ°ú ÁöÃâÀ» ¸ÂÃç º¸´Ù * checkbook: ¼öÇ¥Àå * budget: ¿¹»ê * monitoring: °¨½Ã 60. Çؼ®: ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¿Ü½Ä ½À°ü¿¡ °üÇÑ ¿¬±¸¿¡ µû¸£¸é ¿Ü½ÄÀ» ÇÒ ¶§ ¿ì¸®´Â ¼·ÃëÇÏ´Â Ä®·Î¸® ¼ö¸¦ Àý¹Ý Á¤µµ±îÁö °ú¼ÒÆò°¡ÇÏ´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ì¸®°¡ Æí¾ÈÇÏ°í ÃкÒÀÌ ÄÑÁø ½Ä´ç¿¡¼­ ½Ä»ç¸¦ ÇÒ ¶§, ¿ì¸®´Â ºñ·Ï ¹è°¡ ºÎ¸£´õ¶óµµ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ À½½ÄÀ» ´õ ¿À·§µ¿¾È Áñ±â´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. Ä£±¸¿Í ÇÔ²² ½Ä»ç¸¦ ÇÏ´Â °Í ¶ÇÇÑ ´õ ¸¹Àº Ä®·Î¸®¸¦ ¼·ÃëÇÏ´Â µ¥ ±â¿©ÇÑ´Ù. ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀº µÎ ¼¼ ¸íÀÇ Ä£±¸µé°ú ÇÔ²² ½Ä»ç¸¦ ÇÏ´Â ¿©¼ºµéÀÌ Æò±ÕÀûÀ¸·Î È¥ÀÚ ½Ä»çÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÇ µÎ ¹èÀÎ 700Ä®·Î¸®¸¦ ¸Ô¾ú´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù. ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ½É¸® »óÅ´ Į·Î¸® ¼·ÃëÀÇ ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ¿ä¼ÒÀÌ´Ù. ¡°¿À´Ã ¹ã ¹«½¼ ÀÏÀ» ÃàÇÏÇϽô °Ì´Ï±î?¡±¶ó´Â Áú¹®À¸·Î ¼Õ´Ô¿¡°Ô ÀλçÇÏ´Â ¿þÀÌÅÍ´Â ±×·¸Áö ¾ÊÀº ¿þÀÌÅͺ¸´Ù _´õ ¸¹Àº ÁÖ¹®À» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù._ ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¸¸¾à ´ç½ÅÀÌ Á¤ÂùÀ» Ưº°ÇÑ Çà»ç·Î ¿©±ä´Ù¸é ´ç½ÅÀº ´õ ¸¹ÀÌ ¸Ô°Ô µÇ±â ½±´Ù. 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(±¸¹®) We pack each one in an oxygen-inflated plastic bag with enough 46^^_keep the fish relaxed and comfortable_.: the fish´Â keepÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾îÀÌ°í, relaxed and comfortableÀÌ ¸ñÀû¾î¸¦ º¸Ãæ ¼³¸íÇÏ´Â ¸»·Î »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * ship: ¿î¼ÛÇÏ´Ù * customer: °í°´ * ensure: º¸ÀåÇÏ´Ù * pack: Æ÷ÀåÇÏ´Ù * oxygen-inflated: »ê¼Ò°¡ ÃæÀüµÈ * wrap: ½Î´Ù 83ÂÊ 02. Çؼ®: ¾È³çÇϼ¼¿ä, ¼Ò³â ¼Ò³à ¿©·¯ºÐ! »÷µåÀ§Ä¡ Æ÷ÀåÁö¿¡¼­ ÀÏȸ¿ë À½·á ¿ë±â¿¡ À̸£±â±îÁö, º¸ÅëÀÇ ¾î¸° ÇлýµéÀÌ ¸Å³â 65ÆÄ¿îµåÀÇ Á¡½É µµ½Ã¶ô °¡¹æ ¾²·¹±â¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î ³½´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¹ß°ßÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ¾î¸° ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÌ Á¡½É µµ½Ã¶ô °¡¹æ ¾²·¹±â¸¦ ÁÙÀÌ´Â °ÍÀ» µ½±â À§ÇØ, Àú´Â Àç»ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Á¡½É µµ½Ã¶ô °¡¹æÀ» ¹ß¸íÇߴµ¥, Àú´Â ±× °¡¹æÀ» Áö±Ý Á¦ À¥»çÀÌÆ®¿¡¼­ ÆǸÅÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×°Í¿¡´Â ¼ÕÀâÀÌ¿Í ¾ÕÁÖ¸Ó´Ï°¡ ´Þ·Á ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±× (°¡¹æÀÇ) õÀº ÀϺΰ¡ ÀçÈ°¿ëµÈ Çöó½ºÆ½ º´À¸·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁý´Ï´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº Á¢¾î¼­ Ã¥°¡¹æ¿¡ ³ÖÀ» ¼ö Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ±×°ÍÀ» ¸¾¿¡ µé¾î ÇÒ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Çϳª¸¦ ±¸ÀÔÇÏ°í ½ÍÀ¸½Ã¸é, ¸¶À½ ³»Å³ ¶§ ¾ðÁ¦µçÁö www.myblog.com/aburke¸¦ ¹æ¹®Çϼ¼¿ä. (Çؼ³) Adam Burke´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¹ß¸íÇÑ Á¡½É µµ½Ã¶ô °¡¹æÀÌ Àç»ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾î ȯ°æÀ» º¸È£ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¸ç È«º¸ÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¨ë ¡®È¯°æº¸È£¸¦ À§ÇÑ µµ½Ã¶ô °¡¹æ ÆǸŸ¦ È«º¸ÇÏ·Á°í¡¯°¡ ±ÛÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) _To help_ kids cut down on lunch bag waste, I have invented a reusable lunch bag, _which_ I am now selling on my website.: To help´Â ¡®~Çϱâ À§Çؼ­¡¯¶ó´Â Àǹ̷Π¸ñÀûÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ºÎ»çÀû ¿ë¹ýÀÇ toºÎÁ¤»çÀÌ´Ù. which´Â ¾Õ ¹®ÀåÀÇ a reusable lunch bagÀ» ¼±Çà»ç·Î ÇÏ´Â °è¼ÓÀû ¿ë¹ýÀÇ °ü°è´ë¸í»çÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * notice: ¾Ë¾ÆÂ÷¸®´Ù * wrapper: Æ÷ÀåÁö * disposable: ÀÏȸ¿ëÀÇ * container: ¿ë±â * generate: ¸¸µé¾î ³»´Ù, ¹ß»ý½ÃÅ°´Ù * cut down on: ~À» ÁÙÀÌ´Ù * reusable: Àç»ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â * fabric: õ, Á÷¹° 03. Çؼ®: Ä£¾ÖÇÏ´Â Johnson ½ÃÀå´Ô²²: Àú´Â Pinewood¿¡¼­ ¿À·¡ »ì¾Æ¿Â ÁÖ¹ÎÀε¥, ¿ì¸® Áö¿ªÀÇ ±³Åë ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇØ Á¤¸» °ÆÁ¤ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±³Åë·®ÀÌ Áö³­ 3³â µ¿¾È Áõ°¡ÇØ ¿Ô°í Àú´Â °ÅÀÇ »ç°í°¡ ³¯ »·ÇÑ °æ¿ì¸¦ ¸¹ÀÌ ºÁ ¿Ô½À´Ï´Ù. Àú´Â ±³Åë ½ÅÈ£µîÀÌ Çϳªµµ ¾ø¾î¼­ Burton Road¿Í 3¹ø°¡°¡ ¸¸³ª´Â ±³Â÷·Î°¡ ¸Å¿ì À§ÇèÇÏ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ½Ã ´ç±¹Àº °¡´ÉÇÑ ÇÑ »¡¸® ±³Åë ½ÅÈ£µîÀ» ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» °í·ÁÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Àú´Â ÀÌ ¹®Á¦°¡ ±× ±³Â÷·Î¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç ¿îÀüÀÚ È¤Àº º¸ÇàÀÚÀÇ ¾ÈÀü¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» Áֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ Áï°¢ÀûÀ¸·Î 󸮵Ǿî¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ¹Ï½À´Ï´Ù. ±× ¾î¶² °Íµµ ¿ì¸® ½Ã¹ÎµéÀÇ ¾ÈÀü¸¸Å­ Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀº ¾øÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ÀÌ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÇØ°áÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÃÖ¿ì¼± »çÇ×ÀÌ µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±ÍÇÏÀÇ Áø½É ¾î¸° ¹è·Á¿¡ °¨»çµå¸®°íÀÚ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Laura McPherson µå¸² (Çؼ³) ±³Åë ½ÅÈ£µîÀÌ ¾ø´Â ±³Â÷·Î¿¡ ±³Åë ½ÅÈ£µîÀ» Á¶¼ÓÈ÷ ¼³Ä¡ÇØ ´Þ¶ó°í ½ÃÀå¿¡°Ô ¿äûÇÏ´Â ÆíÁö±ÛÀ̹ǷÎ, ¨è ¡®±³Â÷·Î¿¡ ½ÅÈ£µî ¼³Ä¡¸¦ ¿äûÇÏ·Á°í¡¯°¡ ±ÛÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) Nothing is as important as our citizens' safety, so _fixing this issue_ should be made a top priority.: µ¿¸í»ç±¸ fixing this issue°¡ so ÀÌÇÏÀÇ Àý¿¡¼­ ÁÖ¾î ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * resident: ÁֹΠ* intersection: ±³Â÷·Î * install: ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ´Ù * pedestrian: º¸ÇàÀÚ * deserve: ~¹ÞÀ» ÀÚ°ÝÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù * top priority: ÃÖ¿ì¼±»çÇ× 04. Çؼ®: °ü°èÀÚ¿¡°Ô, Àú´Â ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ º¸»ó ¸¶Àϸ®Áö 35,000¸¶ÀÏÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ·Î½º¾ØÁ©·¹½º¿¡¼­ ÀÎõÀ¸·Î °¡´Â Toigeur Airways (TA)ÀÇ ¿Õº¹ Ç×°ø±ÇÀ» ÃëµæÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ¿¹±âÄ¡ ¸øÇÑ ÀÏ·Î Àú´Â µ¹¾Æ¿À´Â Ç×°øÆíÀ» 9½Ã 15ºÐ Ç×°øÆí¿¡¼­ ´õ ´ÊÀº 20½Ã 45ºÐ Ç×°øÆíÀ¸·Î °©Àڱ⠹ٲپî¾ß Çß½À´Ï´Ù. Àú´Â Ç×°øÆíÀ» ¹Ù²Ù±â À§Çؼ­ °¡´ÉÇÑ ÇÑ »¡¸® Ç×°ø»ç¿¡ ¿¬¶ôÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ º¸»ó ¸¶Àϸ®Áö·Î ±¸¸ÅÇÑ Ç×°ø±Ç¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â ½Â°´ÀÌ Ç×°øÆíÀ» ¹Ù²Ù´Â °ÍÀ» Çã¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀÌ Ç×°ø»çÀÇ ¹æħÀ̶ó´Â ¸»À» TA Á÷¿øÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ µé¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. °á±¹, Àú´Â »õ Ç×°ø±ÇÀ» »ç¾ß¸¸ Çߴµ¥ ±×°ÍÀº °øÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Àú´Â ½Â°´ÀÇ ÆíÀǸ¦ À§Çؼ­ ±Í»çÀÇ ¹æħÀÌ ¹Ù²î¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» °­ÇÏ°Ô ÁÖÀåÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Áø½ÉÀ» ´ã¾Æ, James Moore (Çؼ³) º¸»ó ¸¶Àϸ®Áö·Î ±¸¸ÅÇÑ Ç×°ø±Ç¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â Ç×°øÆí º¯°æÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù´Â Ç×°ø»çÀÇ ¹æħÀ» °³¼±ÇØ ÁÙ °ÍÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ±ÛÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ¨ç ¡®Ç×°ø»ç ¹æħÀÇ °³¼±À» ¿ä±¸ÇÏ·Á°í¡¯°¡ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) However, I was told by a TA employee that _it_ was the airline's policy 46^^_not to allow a passenger to make changes to a ticket purchased with reward _miles_.: thatÀý ¼Ó¿¡ 'it ¡¦ toºÎÁ¤»ç(°¡ÁÖ¾î--ÁøÁÖ¾î)' ±¸¹®ÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. ÁøÁÖ¾î ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº not to allow ¡¦ with reward milesÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * return ticket: ¿Õº¹ Ç×°ø±Ç * reward mile: º¸»ó ¸¶Àϸ®Áö * due to: ¡¦ ¶§¹®¿¡ * employee: Á÷¿ø * policy: ¹æħ, Á¤Ã¥ * convenience: Æí¸®, ÆíÀÇ 05. Çؼ®: ´ç½Åµµ Àß ¾Æ½Ã´Ù½ÃÇÇ Áö³­ÁÖ¿¡ ¿ì¸® µµ½Ã¿¡ Ä¿´Ù¶õ ºñ±ØÀÌ ÀϾ½À´Ï´Ù. °áÇÔ ÀÖ´Â Àü¼± ¶§¹®¿¡ ºÒÀÌ ³µ°í °á±¹¿¡´Â ±³¿Ü¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÇÑ ºí·ÏÀÇ Áý Àüü¸¦ Æı«Çß½À´Ï´Ù. ¾ÖÃʺÎÅÍ °­ÇÑ ¹Ù¶÷ ¶§¹®¿¡ ºÒÀÌ °Å¼ÃÁö¸¸, ¼Ò¹æ´ë 84ÂÊ ¿øµéÀÌ ÇöÀå¿¡ Á¦¶§¿¡ µµÂøÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´õ¶ó¸é ±×·¸°Ô ¸Ö¸® ±×¸®°í ±×·¸°Ô ºü¸£°Ô ÆÛÁöÁö´Â ¾Ê¾ÒÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸® µµ½Ã¿¡´Â ½Ã³»¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¼Ò¹æ¼­ Çϳª¹Û¿¡ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀº ¿ì¸® ½ÃÀÇ ½ÃÀåÀ̽ôÏ, ¿ì¸® Áö¿ª¿¡ ¼Ò¹æ¼­¸¦ Çϳª »õ·Î ¼¼¿ö ÁֽðڽÀ´Ï±î? ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô´Â ¼Ò¹æ¼­ Çϳª°¡ ±ä±ÞÈ÷ ÇÊ¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀÇ ´äº¯À» °í´ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù. (Çؼ³) ÈĹݺÎÀÇ Would you please establish a new fire station in our area, ~?¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¨ç ¡®¼Ò¹æ¼­ ½Å¼³À» °ÇÀÇÇÏ·Á°í¡¯°¡ ±ÛÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÔÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (±¸¹®) From the very beginning it was fanned by strong winds, but it _would not have_ spread so far and so quickly, _if_ our firefighters _had been_ able to arrive at the scene in time.: °ú°Å »ç½Ç¿¡ ¹Ý´ëµÇ´Â °¡Á¤À» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â °¡Á¤¹ý °ú°Å¿Ï·á ¹®ÀåÀ¸·Î, ifÀý¿¡´Â 'had+°ú°ÅºÐ»ç'°¡ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú°í, ÁÖÀý¿¡´Â 'would have+°ú°ÅºÐ»ç'°¡ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * tragedy: ºñ±Ø * faulty: Èì(°áÇÔ)ÀÌ ÀÖ´Â, ºÒ¿ÏÀüÇÑ * electrical wiring: Àü¼± * suburbs: ±³¿Ü, µµ½Ã ÁÖº¯ÀÇ ÁÖÅà Áö¿ª * fan: °Å¼¼°Ô ÇÏ´Ù * establish: ¼¼¿ì´Ù, ¼³¸³ÇÏ´Ù 06. Çؼ®: Johnson ¾¾¿¡°Ô, È«¼ö ¶§¹®¿¡ ´ç½ÅÀÇ ÁýÀÌ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ Æı«µÉ Á¤µµÀÇ ÇÇÇظ¦ º¸¾Ò´Ù´Â ¼Ò½ÄÀ» µè°í ¾ó¸¶³ª ¸¶À½ÀÌ ¾ÆÆÍ´ÂÁö ¸ð¸¨´Ï´Ù. Àú´Â ±×°ÍÀÌ ¾ó¸¶³ª ²ûÂïÇÑ ¼Õ½ÇÀ̾úÀ»Áö ´ÜÁö »ó»óÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» »ÓÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ÀÒ°í ´Ù½Ã ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» óÀ½ºÎÅÍ ½ÃÀÛÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â ¿¹»ó¸¸À¸·Îµµ ´©±¸³ª ¾Ðµµ´çÇÒ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×·± ÀÌÀ¯·Î Àú´Â ´ç½Å¿¡°Ô Á¦°¡ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¾î¶² µµ¿òÀÌ¶óµµ Á¦°øÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Àú¿¡°Ô´Â ´ç½ÅÀÌ ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¿©ºÐÀÇ Ä§½ÇÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀÇ Ä£±¸µé°ú ÀÌ¿ôµéÀÌ ¾î·Á¿î ½Ã±â¿¡ óÇØ ÀÖ´Â ´ç½ÅÀ» µ½±â À§ÇØ ÈûÀ» ¸ðÀ¸°í À־, ÇÏ·çÇÏ·ç°¡ Áö³ª¸é¼­ ¸ðµç °ÍÀÌ Á¶±Ý¾¿ ´õ ¹à¾ÆÁö´Â °Íó·³ º¸ÀÏ °ÍÀ̶ó°í Àú´Â È®½ÅÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯´Â µ¿¾È¿¡, ¾Æ¹«ÂÉ·Ï °Ç°­ Á¶½ÉÇÏ½Ã±æ ¹Ù¶ø´Ï´Ù. ÇູÀ» ºô¸ç, (Çؼ³) È«¼ö ¶§¹®¿¡ ÁýÀÌ ÆÄ¼ÕµÈ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Ä§½ÇÀ» »ç¿ëÇϵµ·Ï Á¦¾ÈÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ±ÛÀ̹ǷÎ, ¨ç ¡®µµ¿òÀ» Á¦°øÇÏ·Á°í¡¯°¡ ±ÛÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨è Á¶¾ðÀ» ±¸ÇÏ·Á°í ¨é °¨»ç¸¦ Ç¥ÇöÇÏ·Á°í ¨ê °æ°í¸¦ ÇÏ·Á°í (±¸¹®) I can only imagine 46^^_what a terrible loss it must be_.: °¨Åº¹®Àº °£Á¢È­¹ý¿¡¼­ ¿ø·¡ÀÇ ¾î¼øÀ» ±×´ë·Î °£Á÷Çϰųª °­Á¶ÇÏ´Â ¸»À» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. What a terrible loss it must be!°¡ I can only imagine ´ÙÀ½¿¡ °£Á¢È­¹ýÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÈ ¹®ÀåÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * prospect: ¿¹»ó, Àü¸Á * overwhelming: ¾ÐµµÀûÀÎ * extra: ¿©ºÐÀÇ * in the meantime: ±× µ¿¾È(»çÀÌ)¿¡ 07. Çؼ®: Àú´Â ´Ã Redbug CameraÀÇ ¿­·ÄÇÑ ÆÒÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ±Í»çÀÇ °¡Àå ÃÖ±Ù ¸ðµ¨ÀÎ Superimage 2000À» ±¸ÀÔÇßÀ» ¶§, Àú´Â ´õÇÒ ³ªÀ§ ¾øÀÌ ½Ç¸ÁÇß½À´Ï´Ù. Àú´Â ±×°ÍÀ» ±Ý³â 6¿ù 3ÀÏ¿¡ ±¸ÀÔÇߴµ¥ ÇöÀç ±×°ÍÀº ¹Ù¸£°Ô ÀÛµ¿ÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. »çÁø±â ·»Áî°¡ ÃÊÁ¡À» Á¦´ë·Î ÀâÁö ¸øÇØ ±× °á°ú·Î ³ª¿Â »çÁøµéÀÌ È帴ÇÏ°í ¶Ç·ÇÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. ¼ö¸®¸¦ ¹Þ±â À§ÇØ Áö¿ª ¼­ºñ½º ¼¾ÅÍ¿¡ °¬Áö¸¸, Á¦°¡ °Å±â¼­ ¹ÞÀº ÇüÆí¾ø´Â ¼­ºñ½º´Â ¹®Á¦¸¦ ´õ º¹ÀâÇÏ°Ô¸¸ ¸¸µé¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. Ä«¸Þ¶óÀÇ ÀüüÀûÀÎ ¿­µîÇÑ Ç°Áú¿¡ µ¡ºÙ¿© Áú ³·Àº ¼ö¸®°¡ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø µ¥ ´ëÇØ Àú´Â ±Øµµ·Î ºÒ¸¸½º·´½À´Ï´Ù. Àú´Â Àü¾× ȯºÒÀ» ¹Þ´Â °ÍÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¿ø·¡ÀÇ ¿µ¼öÁõ°ú ¼ö¸®ºñ û±¸¼­ »çº»À» µ¿ºÀÇÕ´Ï´Ù. (Çؼ³) »õ·Î »ê Ä«¸Þ¶óÀÇ ·»Áî¿¡ ¹®Á¦°¡ À־ ¼ö¸®¸¦ ¹Þ¾ÒÁö¸¸ Áú ³·Àº ¼­ºñ½º·Î ÀÎÇØ ¹®Á¦°¡ ´õ º¹ÀâÇØÁöÀÚ Àü¾× ȯºÒÀ» ÇØ ´Þ¶ó°í ¿äûÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ±ÛÀ̹ǷÎ, ±ÛÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ¨ç ¡®È¯ºÒÀ» ¿ä±¸Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿©¡¯°¡ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) * However, when I purchased your newest model, the Superimage 2000, 46^^_I could not have been more disappointed_.: could not have been more disappointed¸¦ Á÷¿ªÇÏ¸é ¡®´õ ¸¹ÀÌ ½Ç¸ÁÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾úÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù¡¯¶ó´Â ¶æÀÌÁö¸¸ ¹®¸Æ¿¡ ¸ÂÃç ÀÌÇØÇÏ¸é ¡®°¡Àå ¸¹ÀÌ ½Ç¸ÁÇß´Ù, ´õÇÒ ³ªÀ§ ¾øÀÌ ½Ç¸ÁÇß´Ù¡¯ÀÇ ¶æÀÌ´Ù. * Enclosed 46^^_is a copy of the original receipt and the repair bil_.: º¸¾î ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ´Â enclosed°¡ ¹®ÀåÀÇ ¸Ç ¾Õ¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÏ¿´°í, ÁÖ¾î¿Í µ¿»çÀÎ a copy of ¡¦ bill°ú is°¡ µµÄ¡µÈ ÇüÅÂÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * huge: ¿­·ÄÇÑ, °Å´ëÇÑ * purchase: ±¸ÀÔÇÏ´Ù * acquire: ÃëµæÇÏ´Ù, ¾ò´Ù * blurry: È帴ÇÑ * complicate: º¹ÀâÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Ù, ¾ÇÈ­½ÃÅ°´Ù * frustrated: ºÒ¸¸½º·¯¿ö ÇÏ´Â, ÁÂÀý°¨À» ´À³¢´Â * refund: ȯºÒ * receipt: ¿µ¼öÁõ 85ÂÊ 08. Çؼ®: ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ µðÁöÅÐ ½Ã´ë¿¡, À̹ÌÁö´Â Á¤º¸ÀÇ ÇʼöÀûÀÎ ´ÜÀ§ÀÌ°í, »çÁø¼úÀ» È¿°úÀûÀ¸·Î È°¿ëÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¾Æ´Â °ÍÀº ±× ¾î´À ¶§º¸´Ùµµ ´õ Áß¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ´ÙÇàÈ÷µµ Hobbiton Institute of Photography¿¡ µî·ÏÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ´ç½ÅÀÇ »çÁø¼úÀ» ´ÙÀ½ ¼öÁØÀ¸·Î À̲ô´Â °¡Àå ½¬¿ì¸é¼­µµ, ºñ¿ë Ãø¸é¿¡¼­ °¡Àå È¿À²ÀûÀÎ ¹æ¹ý ÁßÀÇ ÇϳªÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ´ç½Å¿¡°Ô´Â °³ÀÎÀûÀ¸·Î Á¶¾ðÇØ ÁÖ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¹èÁ¤µÇ°í, ´ç½ÅÀÇ ÀÛÇ°Àº ¼÷·ÃµÈ Àü¹®°¡¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Æò°¡µÇ¸ç, ±×°ÍÀ» Á» ´õ Àß ¸¸µå´Â ¹æ¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÅëÂû·Â ÀÖ´Â Á¦¾ÈÀ» ¹ÞÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ´ç½ÅÀº ½º½º·Î »ý°¢ÇÏ°í »çÁø»çÀÇ ¾È¸ñÀ» °³¹ßÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¹è¿ï °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀº ¿ì¸®¿Í ÇÔ²² ´ç½ÅÀÇ ¿­Á¤À» ½ñÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ´ç½ÅÀÇ »çÁø¼úÀº Àý´ë ¶È°°Áö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. (Çؼ³) »çÁø Àü¹® ±³À° ±â°üÀÎ Hobbiton Institute of Photography¿¡ µî·ÏÇÏ¿© »çÁø±â¼úÀ» ¹è¿ì¶ó´Â ³»¿ëÀÇ ±ÛÀ̹ǷÎ, ±ÛÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î´Â ¨è ¡®»çÁø Àü¹® ±³À° ±â°üÀ» È«º¸ÇÏ·Á°í¡¯°¡ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) In this digital age, images are essential units of information, and 46^^_knowing how to use photography effectively_ is more important than ever.: µ¿¸í»ç knowingÀÌ À̲ô´Â ¾î±¸°¡ µîÀ§Á¢¼Ó»ç and°¡ À̲ô´Â ÀýÀÇ ÁÖ¾î·Î ¾²¿´°í µ¿¸í»ç±¸ ¼ÓÀÇ 'Àǹ®»ç£«toºÎÁ¤»ç'ÀÇ how to use photography effectively°¡ µ¿¸í»ç knowingÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î·Î ¾²ÀÎ ¸í»ç±¸ÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * enroll: µî·ÏÇÏ´Ù * assign: ÇÒ´ç(¹è´ç)ÇÏ´Ù * evaluate: Æò°¡ÇÏ´Ù * insightful: ÅëÂû·ÂÀÌ ÀÖ´Â * suggestion: Á¦¾È, ¾Ï½Ã * on one's feet: µ¶¸³(ÀÚ¸³)ÇÏ¿© 09. Çؼ®: ±×·¸°Ô ´ç½ÅÀÇ °¡Á·¿¡ »õ·Î¿î ±¸¼º¿ø, Áï ÅзΠµ¤ÀÎ ±¸¼º¿øÀ» Ãß°¡ÇÒ Áغñ°¡ µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌÁ¦ °áÁ¤ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ Çϳª ´õ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Áï ¾î¶² Á¾·ùÀÇ °³¸¦ »ç¾ß Çϴ°¡? ´ç½Å¿¡°Ô ÀûÇÕÇÑ °³¸¦ °í¸¦ ¶§ °í·ÁÇÒ ¸î °¡Áö Á¶¾ðÀÌ ¿©±â¿¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ù°, ´ç½ÅÀÇ Áý¿¡ ¸Â´Â °³¸¦ °í¸£½Ê½Ã¿À. °³¿¡°Ô ³ÐÀº °ø°£À» Á¦°øÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì¿¡ ÇÑÇØ Å« °³¸¦ ÁýÀ¸·Î µ¥·Á¿À½Ê½Ã¿À. µÑ°, ¾Ë·¹¸£±â°¡ ÀÖ´Ù¸é ÅкϼþÀÌ °³´Â »çÁö ¸¶½Ê½Ã¿À. ºüÁø Åаú ¾ÆÀÌÀÇ ¾Ë·¹¸£±â¿¡ ´ëÇØ °ÆÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù¸é, Åа¥À̸¦ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °³¸¦ »ç´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁÀº »ý°¢ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¼Â°, Á¤ÀÌ ´õ ¸¹°í ¾î¸° ÁÖÀÎÀ» º¸È£ÇÒ °Í °°Àº, ¿Â¼øÇÑ °­¾ÆÁö¸¦ °í¸£½Ê½Ã¿À. ÀÌ·± Á¡µéÀ» ¸í½ÉÇϽʽÿÀ. ±×·¯¸é Áý¿¡ »õ·Î¿î ±¸¼º¿øÀ» °®´Â °ÍÀ» Áñ±â°Ô µÉ °Ì´Ï´Ù. (Çؼ³) °¡Á·ÀÇ ÇÑ ±¸¼º¿øÀ¸·Î °³¸¦ ±¸ÀÔÇÒ ¶§ °í·ÁÇÒ »çÇ×µéÀ» Á¶¾ðÇØ ÁÖ´Â ±ÛÀ̹ǷÎ, ±ÛÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ¨ë ¡®¾Ö¿Ï°ß ¼±Åà ½Ã °í·Á»çÇ׿¡ °üÇØ Á¶¾ðÇÏ·Á°í¡¯°¡ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) Third, pick a mild-mannered puppy _that_ is likely to be more forgiving and protective of _his_ little owners.: that ¡¦ owners´Â a mild-mannered puppy¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â °ü°è´ë¸í»çÀýÀÌ´Ù. his´Â a mild-mannered puppy¸¦ °¡¸®Å²´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * furry: ÅзΠµ¤ÀÎ * allergic: ¾Ë·¹¸£±âÀÇ * non-shedding: Åа¥À̸¦ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â * mild-mannered: ¿Â¼øÇÑ * forgiving: ÀÎÁ¤ ¸¹Àº 10. Çؼ®: ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¼¼°è¿¡¼­ °¡Àå Å« µðÁöÅÐ Ä«¸Þ¶ó Á¦Á¶È¸»çÀÎ KGMÀÌ °³ÃÖÇÏ´Â Big World CompetitionÀÇ ±ÔÄ¢¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ø½ÄÀûÀÎ °øÁö»çÇ×ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ù°, Àü¹®ÀûÀÎ »çÁø»ç¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°í 18¼¼ ÀÌ»óÀÌ¸é ´©±¸³ª Âü°¡ ÀÚ°ÝÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. µÑ°, ¸ðµç »çÁøÀº KGM Ä«¸Þ¶ó¸¦ »ç¿ëÇØ ÃÔ¿µÇؾ߸¸ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¼Â°, À̹ÌÁö ÆÄÀÏÀÇ Å©±â´Â 100 ¸Þ°¡¹ÙÀÌÆ®¸¦ ÃÊ°úÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î, Âü°¡ ÀÛÇ°Àº ´Ê¾îµµ 2011³â 7¿ù 25ÀϱîÁö ÀúÈñ À¥»çÀÌÆ®¿¡ ¾÷·Îµå µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. À§ÀÇ ±ÔÄ¢µé Áß Çϳª¶óµµ µû¸£Áö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é Âü°¡ÀÚ°ÝÀÌ ¹ÚÅ»µÉ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÔ»óÀÚ ¸í´ÜÀº 8¿ù 15ÀÏ¿¡ À¥»çÀÌÆ®¿¡ °Ô½ÃµÉ °ÍÀ̸ç, ¸ðµç ÀÔ»ó »çÁøµéÀº 1³âÀÇ ±â°£ µ¿¾È KGM °¶·¯¸®¿¡¼­ Àü½Ã°¡ µÉ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. (Çؼ³) µðÁöÅÐ Ä«¸Þ¶ó Á¦Á¶È¸»çÀÎ KGM¿¡¼­ ÁÖÃÖÇÏ´Â »çÁø ÄÜÅ×½ºÆ®¿¡ °üÇÑ °øÁö¹®À̸ç, »çÁø ÀÛÇ° ÃâÇ° ½Ã À¯ÀÇ»çÇ׿¡ °üÇÏ¿© ¾´ ±ÛÀÌ´Ù. (±¸¹®) This is an official notice from KGM, 46^^_the largest manufacturer of digital cameras in the world_, regarding the rules of KGM's Big World Competition.: the largest manufacturer ¡¦ the world´Â KGM°ú µ¿°ÝÀ» ÀÌ·ç°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, regarding(¡¦¿¡ °üÇؼ­)Àº ÀüÄ¡»ç·Î »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * competition: ´ëȸ, °æÀï * eligible: ÀÚ°ÝÀÌ ÀÖ´Â * exceed: ÃÊ°úÇÏ´Ù * comply: µû¸£´Ù, µ¿ÀÇÇÏ´Ù * disqualify: ½Ç°Ý½ÃÅ°´Ù, ÀÚ°ÝÀ» ¹ÚÅ»ÇÏ´Ù * display: Àü½ÃÇÏ´Ù 11. Çؼ®: Á¦ ¾Æ³»¿Í Àú´Â ±Í»çÀÇ °£Ç๰À» ¼ö³â°£ Áñ°Ì°Ô ¹Þ¾Æº¸°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ºÒÇàÈ÷µµ, ÇöÀç ÀúÈñµé µÑ ´Ù Á÷ÀåÀÏ ¶§¹®¿¡ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ÁÖ µ¿¾È µ¹¾Æ´Ù³à¾ß Çϱ⿡ ÀÏ°£ ½Å¹®À» °è¼Ó ±¸µ¶ÇÒ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ÀúÈñ´Â ±Í»ç°¡ ÀúÈñ Áý¿¡ ¹è´ÞÀ» Áß´ÜÇÒ °ÍÀ» ¿äûµå¸³´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇØ Áú¹®ÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸é, (212) 555£­5612·Î ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ ³²°ÜÁÖ½Ã°í ±×·¯¸é Á¦ ¾Æ³»³ª Àú³ª µÑ Áß ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÑ »¡¸® ÀüÈ­¸¦ µå¸®°Ú½À´Ï´Ù. ÃÖ°íÀÇ ½Å¹®À» ¼ö³â°£ ¹ÏÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ¹è´ÞÇØ ÁֽŠ°Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ °¨»çµå¸³´Ï´Ù. ÀúÈñµéÀÇ »óȲÀÌ º¯Çϸé, ±Í 86ÂÊ »ç¿¡ ÀüÈ­¸¦ µå·Á ¹è´ÞÀ» ´Ù½Ã ºÎŹµå¸®µµ·Ï ÇÏ°Ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯´Â µ¿¾È, ´Ê¾îµµ À̹ø ÁÖ¸»±îÁö´Â ¹è´ÞÀÌ Áß´ÜµÉ ¼ö Àֱ⸦ ¹Ù¶ø´Ï´Ù. (Çؼ³) ÀÏ ¶§¹®¿¡ ÁýÀ» ÀÚÁÖ ºñ¿ì°Ô µÇ¾î ÀÏ°£ ½Å¹®À» ´õ ÀÌ»ó ¹Þ¾Æ º¼ ¼ö ¾ø°Ô µÈ ±¸µ¶ÀÚ°¡ ½Å¹®ÀÇ ¹è´ÞÀ» Áß´ÜÇØ ÁÙ °ÍÀ» ¿äûÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ±ÛÀÌ´Ù. Á߹ݺο¡ ³ª¿À´Â ¡®So we would like to request that you stop delivery to our home.À» ÅëÇØ ±ÛÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀ» Á÷Á¢ÀûÀ¸·Î ÆľÇÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (±¸¹®) If you have questions about this matter, please leave a message at (212) 555-5612, and _either_ my wife _or_ I will call you back _as_ soon _as we can_.: 'either A or B'´Â ¡®A¿Í B µÑ Áß Çϳª¡¯¶ó´Â ÀǹÌÀ̸ç, 'as ¡¦ as£«Á־can'Àº ¡®°¡´ÉÇÑ ÇÑ ~ÇÏ°Ô¡¯ÀÇ Àǹ̷Π'as ¡¦ as possible'·Î ¹Ù²ã ¾µ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * publication: ÃâÆǹ°, °£Çà * keep up with: ~À» °è¼Ó À¯ÁöÇÏ´Ù * daily paper: ÀÏ°£ ½Å¹® * request: ¿äûÇÏ´Ù * delivery: ¹è´Þ * call back: ~¿¡°Ô ȸ´ä ÀüÈ­¸¦ °É´Ù * reliable: ¹ÏÀ» ¸¸ÇÑ * first-rate: ÀÏ·ùÀÇ, ÃÖ»óÀÇ * resume: ´Ù½Ã ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Ù * in the meantime: ±×·¯´Â µ¿¾È 12. Çؼ®: Future Leaders ÀåÇÐ±Ý ½Åû¿ë Ãßõ¼­¸¦ ½á ´Þ¶ó°í ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â ´ç½ÅÀÇ ÆíÁö¸¦ ¹Þ°í ¹Ý°¡¿ü½À´Ï´Ù. ³ª´Â ´ç½ÅÀÇ ¹°¸® ±³»ç·Î¼­ ´ç½ÅÀÇ Çй®Àû ´É·Â¿¡ ´ëÇØ ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ³ôÀÌ Æò°¡ÇÏ¿© ¸»ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ³»°¡ ´ã´çÇÏ´Â Çб޿¡¼­ ´ç½ÅÀÇ ¼ºÀûÀº ÀÏ°üµÇ°Ô A¿Í B¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¸Áö¸¸, À̹øÀÌ ³»°¡ ´ç½ÅÀ» Çб޿¡¼­ °¡¸£Ä£ ù ¹ø° ÇбâÀ̹ǷÎ, ³»°¡ ´ç½ÅÀÇ Åë¼Ö·Â¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ Á¦°øÇÒ ÀûÀýÇÑ »ç¶÷À̶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀÌ ±×·¯ÇÑ ´É·ÂÀ» º¸¿©ÁÙ ±âȸ°¡ °¡Àå ¸¹¾Ò´ø ±³»çµé¿¡°Ô Ãßõ¼­¸¦ ½á ´Þ¶ó°í ¿äûÇÒ °ÍÀ» ±ÇÇÏ°í ½Í½À´Ï´Ù. ¸¹Àº ±³»çµéÀÌ ±â²¨ÀÌ ´ç½ÅÀ» À§Çؼ­ Ãßõ¼­¸¦ ½á ÁÙ °ÍÀ̶ó°í È®½ÅÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀÇ ÀåÇÐ±Ý ½Åû¿¡ ÁÁÀº °á°ú°¡ Àֱ⸦ ¹Ù¶ø´Ï´Ù. (Çؼ³) ÇлýÀÌ Áöµµ·ÂÀ» °®°í ÀÖ´ÂÁö ÃæºÐÈ÷ ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´Ù¸¥ ±³»ç¿¡°Ô Ãßõ¼­¸¦ ¹ÞÀ» °ÍÀ» ±ÇÇϸ鼭 ÀåÇÐ±Ý ½Åû¿ë Ãßõ¼­¸¦ ½á ´Þ¶ó´Â ºÎŹÀ» °ÅÀýÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (±¸¹®) I would encourage you to request a reference letter from those teachers _with whom_ you have had the most opportunity to demonstrate those skills.: °ü°è´ë¸í»ç whomÀº ¼±Çà»ç·Î those teachers¸¦ ÃëÇÑ´Ù. You have had the most opportunity to demonstrate those skills with those teachers.¿¡¼­ those teachers°¡ °ü°è´ë¸í»ç°¡ µÇ¸é¼­ ÀüÄ¡»ç withµµ °ü°è´ë¸í»ç¿Í ÇÔ²² Àý ¾ÕÀ¸·Î À̵¿Çß´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * letter of reference: Ãßõ¼­, ½Å¿ø º¸Áõ¼­ * scholarship: ÀåÇÐ±Ý * physics: ¹°¸®(ÇÐ) * semester: Çбâ * demonstrate: º¸¿© ÁÖ´Ù 13. Çؼ®: Àú´Â ÀڽŵéÀÇ ÀÏ¿¡´Â ¸Å¿ì ¼÷´ÞµÇ¾î ÀÖÁö¸¸ ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀ» Ç¥ÇöÇÏ´Â µ¥¿¡´Â ¹Ì¼÷ÇÏ¿© ûÁߵ鿡°Ô ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ´É·ÂÀ» ³³µæ½ÃÅ°Áö ¸øÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ» º¸¾Æ¿Ô½À´Ï´Ù. ¹ßÇ¥·ÂÀº ³Ê¹«³ªµµ °áÁ¤ÀûÀ¸·Î Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀ̸ç ÆǸŸ¦ ¼º»ç½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¿©ºÎ¿¡ À־ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÒ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¼±ÃµÀûÀ¸·Î ¹ßÇ¥¸¦ ÀßÇÏ´Â ¸î¸î »ç¶÷µéµµ ÀÖÁö¸¸, ÀÌ ºÐ¾ß¿¡¼­ÀÇ ´ç½ÅÀÇ ±â¼úÀ» ¿¬¸¶ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ À¯ÀÍÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹àÇôÁú °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¼ö°­ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â À¯ÀÍÇÑ °­Á°¡ ¸¹ÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¼ö°­ºñ°¡ Àú·ÅÇϰųª ½ÉÁö¾î ¹«·áÀÎ °­Áµµ ÀÖ´Â Think Business¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇØ º¸½Ê½Ã¿À. ABC Marketing Institute ¶ÇÇÑ ¾ÆÁÖ ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ¹ßÇ¥ ±â¼ú °­Á¸¦ Á¦°øÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÈǸ¢ÇÑ °­Á´ ´ç½ÅÀÇ ¹ßÇ¥¸¦ ±¸¼ºÇÏ°í ´ç½Å¸¸ÀÇ °íÀ¯ÇÑ ¹ßÇ¥ ¹æ½ÄÀ» Çâ»ó½ÃÅ°´Â µ¥ µµ¿òÀ» ÁÙ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Àú´Â ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¹ßÇ¥ÇÏ´Â Àå¸éÀ» ÃÔ¿µÇÏ¿© ´ç½ÅÀÇ ¹ßÇ¥ ¹æ½Ä¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Æò°¡¸¦ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â °­Á¸¦ ÃßõÇÏ°Ú½À´Ï´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¹ßÇ¥·ÂÀÇ Á߿伺À» °­Á¶ÇÑ ÈÄ, ¹ßÇ¥·Â Çâ»ó¿¡ µµ¿òÀ» ÁÖ´Â ¿©·¯ °­ÁµéÀ» ¼Ò°³ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ±ÛÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ÀÌ ±ÛÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº ¨ë ¡®¹ßÇ¥·Â Çâ»óÀ» À§ÇÑ °­Á¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾Ë·Á ÁÖ·Á°í¡¯ÀÌ´Ù. (±¸¹®) A good course will _help_ you _structure_ your presentations and _improve_ your own personal style.: 'help£«¸ñÀû¾î£«(to£«)µ¿»ç¿øÇü((¸ñÀû¾î)°¡ ~ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» µ½´Ù)' ±¸¹®À¸·Î µ¿»ç structure¿Í improve°¡ º´·ÄµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * convince: ³³µæ½ÃÅ°´Ù * crucially: °áÁ¤ÀûÀ¸·Î * brush up on: ~À» ¿¬¸¶ÇÏ´Ù * structure: ±¸¼ºÇÏ´Ù, Á¶Á÷È­ÇÏ´Ù * critique: ºñÆò, ºñÆÇ, Æò°¡ 14. Çؼ®: ´ç½ÅÀÇ Áö³­ ÆíÁö¸¦ ¹ÞÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ, Àú´Â ¼­µÑ·¯ »çÀü¿¡¼­ ¡®flattering¡¯À̶ó´Â ´Ü¾î¸¦ ã¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. Àú´Â ±×°ÍÀÌ ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ» ¾Ï½ÃÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÇ¾î ±ô¦ ³î¶ú´Âµ¥, ÀÌ´Â Á¤¸»·Î Á¦°¡ ÀǵµÇÑ ¹Ù°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. Àú´Â ¡®complimentary¡¯¿Í °°Àº ´Ü¾î¸¦ ´ë½Å »ç¿ëÇß¾ú¾î¾ß Çß½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·± ÀÌÀ¯·Î, Á¦°¡ ÀǵµÇÏÁö ¾Ê°Ô ±âºÐÀ» »óÇÏ°Ô ÇØ µå¸° °Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ ³Ê±×·´°Ô ¿ë¼­ÇØ Áֽñ⸦ ºÎŹµå¸³´Ï´Ù. ¸¸¾à Àú¸¦ Àß ¾Æ½Å´Ù¸é, Á¦°¡ ¸ðµç ĪÂùÀ» ÀÖ´Â ±×´ë·Î ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÏ Á¤µµ·Î »·»·ÇÏ´Ù´Â °Í°ú ±×¸®°í ¸ðµç ĪÂùÀÌ ´ÜÁö ¾Æ÷ÀϰŶó°í »ý°¢ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» Á¤µµ·Î »·»·ÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Æ½Ç °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Àú 87ÂÊ ´Â Á¤¸»·Î ±× ´Ü¾î°¡ ¹«¾ùÀ» ¾Ï½ÃÇÏ´ÂÁö ¸ô¶úÀ» »ÓÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¼­½Å ¿Õ·¡ÀÇ °á°ú·Î ¾î¶² ½ÄÀ¸·Îµç ´õ ÀÌ»ó °¨Á¤ÀÌ »óÇϽðųª ºÒÆíÇÔÀ» ´À³¢Áö ¾ÊÀ¸½Ã±â¸¦ ¹Ù¶ø´Ï´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¡®flattering¡¯ÀÌ ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ» ¾Ï½ÃÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ¸ð¸¥ ä ±× ´Ü¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ ÇÊÀÚ°¡ »ó´ë¹æ¿¡°Ô »ç°úÇÏ´Â ±ÛÀÌ´Ù. (±¸¹®) * _Upon receiving_ your last letter, I rushed to look up the word ~.: 'upon(on)£«-ing'´Â ¡®~ÇÏÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ¡¯ÀÇ Àǹ̷μ­ Upon receivingÀº As soon as I received·Î ¹Ù²ã ¾µ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. * _If_ you _knew_ me well, you _would know_ that I am shameless enough ~.: ÇöÀç »ç½ÇÀÇ ¹Ý´ë¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÏ´Â °¡Á¤¹ý °ú°Å ±¸¹®À¸·Î, Á¶°ÇÀý¿¡´Â °ú°Åµ¿»ç knew°¡, ÁÖÀý¿¡´Â would know°¡ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * flattering: ±â»Ú°Ô ÇÏ´Â, ¾Æ÷(¾ÆºÎ)ÇÏ´Â * complimentary: ĪÂùÇÏ´Â, µè±â ÁÁÀº ¸» ÇÏ´Â * imply: ¾Ï½ÃÇÏ´Ù, ÀǹÌÇÏ´Ù * unintended: ÀǵµÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº * shameless: »·»·ÇÑ * correspondence: ¼­½Å ¿Õ·¡, Åë½Å 15. Çؼ®: ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ¸ñ¼Ò¸®¶ó°í ºÒ·Á ¿Ô´ø 20¼¼±âÀÇ ½ÃÀÎ Carl Sandburg¿Í ÇÔ²² ½Ã°ñÀ» ¿©ÇàÇØ º¸¼¼¿ä. °¢°¢ÀÇ ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ½Ã¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ ¸ñÀûÁö·Î À̲ø¾î ÁÖ´Â ½Ã(poetry)¿Í ÇÔ²² ÇÏ´Â ±âÂ÷¿¡ ¿Ã¶óŸ¼¼¿ä. ¾î¶² °ÍµéÀº Á¶¿ëÇÏ°í ÆòÈ­·Î¿ì¸ç ´Ù¸¥ °ÍµéÀº ¿­Á¤°ú À¯¸Ó°¡ ³ÑĨ´Ï´Ù. ½Ã°ñÀÇ µÚ¾È±æµé°ú ¹Ù»Û µµ½ÃµéÀ» ¹æ¹®ÇÏ°í ÀÏ»ó»ýÈ°À» Çϴ ģ±ÙÇÑ µ¿¹°µé°ú º¸Åë »ç¶÷µéÀ» ¸¸³ªº¸¼¼¿ä. ±×ÀÇ ½Ã¼±¿¡¼­ 30Æí ÀÌ»óÀÇ ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ½ÃµéÀÌ ½ÃÀû ¿µ°¨À» ´ãÀº Ưº°ÇÑ »ðÈ­¿Í ÇÔ²² ½Ç¸®°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¸¶¹ý°ú °°Àº ÇÊÄ¡·Î Sandburg´Â ¹®, ºñ, »ö, ¹Ù´Ù, ÀüÈ­¼±, ´Ü¾î, ½ÉÁö¾î´Â Áã¿Í °°Àº ÀÏ»óÀÇ »ç¹°¿¡¼­µµ ¿ôÀ½°ú Àǹ̸¦ ¾î¶»°Ôµç ã¾Æ³»°í¾ß ¸¿´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯´Ï »ó»ó·ÂÀ» ì±â¼Å¼­ Carl SandburgÀÇ ¾ð¾î¿Í ÇÔ²² Ưº°ÇÑ ¿©ÇàÀ» ¶°³¯ Áغñ¸¦ Çϼ¼¿ä. (Çؼ³) Carl Sandburg¿Í ÇÔ²² ÇÏ´Â ½Ã(poetry) ¿©ÇàÀ» ±¤°íÇÏ´Â ±ÛÀε¥, ½ÇÁ¦·Î ¶°³ª´Â ¿©ÇàÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ ½ÃÁýÀ» ÅëÇÑ ½ÃÀû ¼¼°è·ÎÀÇ Æ¯º° ¿©Çà(special trip)À» ¸»ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. °á±¹ Carl SandburgÀÇ ½ÃÁýÀ» ¼Ò°³ÇÏ¸ç ±×°ÍÀ» Àб⸦ ±ÇÇÒ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ¾´ ±ÛÀÌ´Ù. (±¸¹®) * Travel around the country with Carl Sandburg, 46^^_a twentieth-century poet who has been called the voice of America_.: a twentieth-century·Î ½ÃÀ۵Ǵ ¾î±¸´Â ¾ÕÀÇ Carl Sandburg¸¦ ¼³¸íÇØ ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Â µ¿°Ý ¾î±¸ÀÌ´Ù. * Visit rural back roads and busy cities, and meet friendly animals and ordinary people _going_ about their daily lives.: ÇöÀçºÐ»ç goingÀº friendly animals and ordinary peopleÀ» ¼ö½ÄÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * hop aboard: ¿Ã¶óŸ´Ù * destination: ¸ñÀûÁö, µµÂøÁö * enthusiasm: ¿­Á¤ * present: Á¦°øÇÏ´Ù * illustration: »ðÈ­ * capture: ºÙµé´Ù, Æ÷ÂøÇÏ´Ù * pack: ½Î´Ù, ÁüÀ» ²Ù¸®´Ù * imagination: »ó»ó·Â 16. Çؼ®: À̹ø ÆÇÀº ¼Ò¸® »ý¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼­¼úµéÀ», ±×°ÍµéÀÌ ±âÃÊ·Î ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ÀÌ·ÐÀ» »õ·Ó°Ô ÇÏ°í ¹ßÀ½ ¹®Á¦¿¡ °üÇÑ Á»´õ ³ªÀº ½ÇÁ¦ÀûÀÎ Á¶¾ðÀ» Á¦°øÇϱâ À§Çؼ­ ´Ù½Ã ¾²¿©Á³½À´Ï´Ù. Á¤È®¼ºÀ» ´õ¿í ±âÇÏ°í ¼¼ºÎ »çÇ×À» ´õ ºÐ¸íÈ÷ Çϱâ À§Çؼ­ ¸î °¡Áö µµÇØ°¡ ´Ù½Ã ±×·ÁÁ³½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÛ°¡µéÀº ¼ºÂ÷º°ÀûÀΠŵµÀÇ ÈçÀûµéÀ» ã¾Æ³»¾î ¸ðµÎ Á¦°ÅÇÏ·Á°í ³ë·ÂÇÏ¿´°í ¿©¼º°ú ³²¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾ð±Þ¿¡¼­ ±ÕÇüÀ» ÀÌ·ç·Á´Â ¸íÈ®ÇÑ ½Ãµµ¸¦ Çß½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ »õ·Î¿î ÆÇ¿¡¼­ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ º¯È­´Â ÇлýµéÀÌ ¼öÇàÇϵµ·Ï Á¦½ÃµÈ ÇнÀ È°µ¿¿¡¼­ ½ÇÁ¦Àû ÀÇ»ç¼ÒÅë ¸ñÀûÀ» À§ÇÑ ¾ð¾îÀÇ ´õ ¸¹Àº »ç¿ëÀ» ¼Ò°³Çϱâ À§ÇØ ¿ì¸®°¡ ÇÑ ³ë·ÂÀÇ °á°úÀÔ´Ï´Ù. (Çؼ³) ù ¹®Àå¿¡¼­ °³Á¤ÆÇÀ» ¾´ ÀÌÀ¯¸¦ ¾ð±ÞÇÏ°í, ±× ´ÙÀ½ºÎÅÍ´Â °³Á¤µÈ ³»¿ëÀ» ÀÚ¼¼È÷ ¾ð±ÞÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î °³Á¤ÆÇÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä º¯È­¸¦ ¼³¸íÇϱâ À§ÇØ ±ÛÀ» ½è´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (±¸¹®) * The descriptions of sound production have been rewritten in this edition so as _to update_ the theory on which they were based and _to provide_ better practical advice ~.: toºÎÁ¤»ç to update¿Í to provide°¡ º´·ÄÀ» ÀÌ·ç°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ºÎ»çÀû ÀǹÌÀÎ ¡®~Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿©¡¯·Î Çؼ®µÈ´Ù. * The most significant kind of change in the new edition, however, is the result of the effort (that) we have made _to introduce_ ~.: the effort¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â °ü°èÀýÀ» À̲ô´Â °ü°è´ë¸í»ç thatÀÌ »ý·«µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, to introduce´Â ¡®~Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿©¡¯·Î Çؼ®µÈ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * update: »õ·Ó°Ô ÇÏ´Ù, ÃÖ½ÅÀÇ °ÍÀ¸·Î ÇÏ´Ù * figure: »ðÈ­, ±×¸², µµÇØ * accuracy: Á¤È®¼º * gender-biased: ¼ºÂ÷º°ÀûÀÎ * detect: ¹ß°ßÇÏ´Ù, ŽÁöÇÏ´Ù * definite: ¸íÈ®ÇÑ * attempt: ½Ãµµ * balance: ±ÕÇüÀ» Àâ´Ù * reference: ¾ð±Þ * significant: Áß¿äÇÑ * carry out: ¼öÇàÇÏ´Ù 17. Çؼ®: ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¾îµð·Ð°¡ ¶°³¯ ¶§ µ· °ÆÁ¤À» ÇÑ´Ù¸é Áñ°Å¿òÀº ÁÙ¾îµé °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ºñ¿ë À» ÃæºÐÈ÷ Á¶»çÇÒ ½Ã°£À» ÇÒ¾ÖÇؼ­ ¹Ì¸® ¿¹»êÀ» ¼¼¿ì¶ó. È®Á¤µÈ °¡°ÝÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ¾ø´Ù¸é °¡´ÉÇÑ ÇÑ ¸¹Àº °ßÀûÀ» ³»¾î¶ó. ÃÖÀú °¡°Ý°ú ÃÖ°í °¡°ÝÀ» ¸Þ¸ðÇÏ°í ±× µÑ »çÀÌ¿¡ ¿¹»êÀ» ¼¼¿ì¶ó. ÀÌ»óÀûÀ¸·Î´Â ¿¹»êÀ¸·Î ¼¼¿î ¾×¼ö°¡ °ÅÀÇ Àû´çÈ÷ ¸Â¾Æ¶³¾îÁú °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ±×·¸Áö ¾Ê´Ù¸é ´ç½ÅÀº ½Äºñ, ±³Åëºñ, ¼÷¹Úºñ °°Àº ±âº» °æºñ¸¦ Ãæ´çÇϱâ À§ÇØ ºñ»ó±ÝÀ» »ç¿ëÇؾ߸¸ ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ°í, °©ÀÛ½º·± °èȹ º¯°æ¿¡ µû¸¥ ¿¹±âÄ¡ ¾ÊÀº »óȲ¿¡¼­ ÁöÃâÇÏ°Ô µÉ µ·ÀÌ ÁÙ¾îµé °ÍÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ¹Ýµå½Ã Çö½ÇÀûÀ¸·Î ¿¹»êÀ» ¼¼¿ìµµ·Ï ÇÏ°í, ±×·¡¾ß ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¿©ÇàÀÇ ¸ðµç ºÎºÐ¿¡ °ÉÃÄ ºñ¿ëÀ» ÁöºÒÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °Å¶ó´Â È®½ÅÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. 88ÂÊ (Çؼ³) ¿©Çà °æºñÀÇ ¿¹»êÀ» ¼¼¿ì´Â ¹æ¹ý°ú °í·ÁÇØ¾ß ÇÒ Á¡ µîÀ» ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀ¸·Î ¼³¸íÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ±ÛÀ̹ǷÎ, ¨è ¡®¿©Çà °æºñ ¿¹»ê Â¥±â¿¡ ´ëÇØ Á¶¾ðÇÏ·Á°í¡¯°¡ ¾Ë¸Â´Ù. (±¸¹®) ¡¦ and there will be less money available for an unexpected situation _that_ necessitates a sudden change of plan.: thatÀº an unexpected situationÀ» ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â Çü¿ë»çÀýÀ» À̲ô´Â ÁÖ°Ý °ü°è´ë¸í»çÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * suffer: ÇÇÇØ(¼ÕÇØ)¸¦ ÀÔ´Ù * budget: ¿¹»ê; ¿¹»êÀ» ¼¼¿ì´Ù * confirm: ~À» È®ÀÎÇÏ´Ù * estimate: Æò°¡, ¾î¸², °ßÀû * just about: °ÅÀÇ * emergency: ºñ»ó * fund: ÀÚ±Ý * accommodation: ¼÷¹Ú * necessitate: ~À» ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÏ´Ù, ¼ö¹ÝÇÏ´Ù * confident: È®½ÅÇÏ´Â, ÀڽŠÀÖ´Â * aspect: ±¹¸é 18. Çؼ®: ¿©±â¿¡¼­ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÀÐ°Ô µÉ À̾߱â´Â ¸ñ°ÝÀÚÀÇ Áø¼ú·ÎºÎÅÍ ³ª¿Â »ç½Ç¿¡ ±âÃÊÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×°ÍµéÀº ¹Ì±¹ Àü¿ªÀÇ ¾ÆÁÖ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ÇÇ°í¿ëÀÚµé°ú Á¶Á÷µé·ÎºÎÅÍ ¼öÁýµÈ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. °³ÀÎÀÇ ½ÅºÐÀ» º¸È£Çϱâ À§ÇØ À̸§°ú ¾î¶² °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¼ºµµ ¹Ù²å´Ù. ÀÌ À̾߱âµéÀº ´ÜÁö ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ »ç¾÷ü¿¡¼­ ÇöÀç ÀϾ°í ÀÖ´Â ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ °üÇà Áß¿¡¼­ ´ÜÁö ÀÛÀº ºÎºÐÀ» ÃßÃâÇÑ °Í¿¡ ºÒ°úÇϸç, ¾î¶² ƯÁ¤ÇÑ È¸»ç ³»ºÎÀÇ °æÇèÀ» ¹Ý¿µÇÑ °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ À̾߱âµéÀÌ ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ »ç¾÷üÀÇ ¾îµÎ¿î ¸éÀ» µå·¯³»°í ÀÖÁö¸¸, ÀÌ Ã¥Àº ¹ý·üÀûÀÎ Á¶¾ðÀ» Á¦°øÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¹ý·üÀûÀÎ Á¶¾ðÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù°í ´À³¢´Â µ¶ÀÚ´Â º¯È£»çÀÇ ÀÚ¹®À» ±¸ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù. (Çؼ³) Ã¥ÀÇ ¼­¹®¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â ºÎºÐÀ¸·Î Ã¥ÀÇ ³»¿ë¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­ ¼³¸íÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ±ÛÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº ¨ç ¡®µ¶ÀÚ¿¡°Ô Ã¥ ³»¿ëÀÇ Æ¯¼ºÀ» ¾Ë·ÁÁÖ·Á°í¡¯ÀÌ´Ù. (±¸¹®) _Any reader_ who feels she or he needs legal advice _should consult_ legal counsel.: ¹®ÀåÀÇ ÁÖ¾î´Â °ü°è´ë¸í»ç who°¡ À̲ô´Â Çü¿ë»çÀý¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¼ö½ÄÀ» ¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Â Any readerÀÌ¸ç µ¿»ç´Â should consultÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * eyewitness: ¸ñ°ÝÀÚ * account: ¼­¼ú, ¼³¸í, À̾߱â * a variety of: ´Ù¾çÇÑ * identity: ½ÅºÐ, Á¤Ã¼¼º * practice: °üÇà * in operation: ½ÃÇà ÁßÀÎ * reflect: ¹Ý¿µÇÏ´Ù * expose: µå·¯³»´Ù * consult: ¹®ÀÇÇÏ´Ù * counsel: ¹ý·ü°í¹®, º¯È£»ç 19. Çؼ®: ¿ì¸® ½Ä»ç Ŭ·´¿¡ Âü¿©ÇØ ÁֽŠ°ÍÀ» ȯ¿µÇÏ°í °¨»çµå¸³´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸® Ŭ·´Àº µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ ½Ä»ç üÇèÀ» Á¦°øÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀº Àü ¼¼°è ¸ðµç À½½ÄµéÀ» ¸Àº¸°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª º¸´Ù ´õ Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀº °¢ ³ª¶óÀÇ ½Ä»ç ÀüÅë°ú °ü½ÀµéÀ» °æÇèÇÒ ±âȸ¸¦ °®°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, Àεµ¿¡¼­´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº ¸Ô±â À§ÇØ ¼ÕÀ» »ç¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¸¸¾à ´ç½ÅÀÌ Æ÷Å©³ª Ä®À» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â µ¥ Àͼ÷ÇØÁ® ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ´ç½ÅÀº ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ Èûµç ÀÏÀÓÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÇÁ¶û½º¿¡¼­´Â ½Ä»ç¿¡ ¸¹Àº ÄÚ½º°¡ Æ÷ÇԵǾî Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ÇÁ¶û½º ¿ä¸®¸¦ À§Çؼ­´Â ÃæºÐÇÑ ½Ã°£À» È®º¸ÇØ µÎ½Ê½Ã¿À. ÀϺ»¿¡¼­´Â ÀϺ»ÀεéÀº ¼ù°¡¶ôÀ¸·Î ±¹À» ¶°¸ÔÁö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ±¹±×¸©À» µé°í Á÷Á¢ ¸¶¼Å¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °ÍµéÀº 8¿ù ¸»±îÁö ¸ÅÁÖ Åä¿äÀÏ Àú³á¿¡ ´ç½ÅÀÌ °æÇèÇÏ°Ô µÉ °Íµé ÁßÀÇ ¸î °¡ÁöÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ´ç½ÅÀÌ ½Ä»ç üÇèÀ» Áñ±â±â¸¦ ¹Ù¶ø´Ï´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¼¼°è °¢±¹ÀÇ À½½ÄÀ» ¸Àº¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â »ç½Ç ¿Ü¿¡µµ, ´Ù¾çÇÑ ³ª¶óÀÇ ½Ä»ç ¿¹ÀýÀ» ¿¹·Î µé¸é¼­, ±× ½Ä»ç ¿¹ÀýÀ» Á÷Á¢ üÇèÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ ±Û ÀüüÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ̹ǷÎ, ÀÌ ±ÛÀ» ¾´ ¸ñÀûÀº ¨ê ¡®½Ä»ç ¹®È­ üÇè Çà»ç¸¦ ¾Ë¸®·Á°í¡¯ÀÓÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * unique: °íÀ¯ÀÇ, µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ * be used to -ing: ~ÇÏ´Â µ¥ Àͼ÷ÇÏ´Ù * bowl: »ç¹ß 20. Çؼ®: ±ÍÇÏÀÇ ÀÚ³àµéÀÌ Hutt °íµîÇб³¿¡¼­ Áö³­ 3³â°£¿¡ °ÉÃÄ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¸ðµç Çо÷À» À̼öÇßÀ½À» ±ÍÇÏ¿¡°Ô ¾Ë·Áµå¸®°Ô µÇ¾î Á¤¸»·Î ±â»Ú°Ô »ý°¢ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×µéÀÌ ÀúÈñ Çб³¿¡ ÀÔÇÐÇÏ´ø ³¯ÀÌ ¾îÁ¦Ã³·³ ´À²¸Áö´Âµ¥, ÀÌÁ¦ ±×µéÀº Á¹¾÷ÀåÀ» ÀÚ¶û½º·´°Ô ¹Þ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀúÈñ Çб³ÀÇ ±ä ¿ª»ç¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¹èÃâµÈ ¸¹Àº ¼º°øÇÑ Á¹¾÷»ýµé°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î, ±ÍÇÏÀÇ ÀÚ³àµéµµ ¼¼»óÀ¸·Î ÁøÃâÇØ Á¤Ä¡, °æÁ¦, ¹®È­, ±×¸®°í ±³À°ÀÇ ºÐ¾ß¿¡ ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î Âü¿©ÇÏ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Á¹¾÷½ÄÀº ´ÙÀ½ ÁÖ ±Ý¿äÀÏ¿¡ Hutt °íµîÇб³ °­´ç¿¡¼­ ¿­¸± °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Çб³¸¦ ´ëÇ¥ÇØ ±ÍÇÏ¿Í ±ÍÇÏÀÇ °¡Á·µéÀ» ÃÊ´ëÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. °Å±â¼­ ¸¸³¯ ¼ö Àֱ⸦ ¹Ù¶ø´Ï´Ù. (Çؼ³) °íµîÇб³¸¦ Á¹¾÷ÇÏ´Â ÇлýµéÀÇ °¡Á·¿¡°Ô º¸³»´Â ÃÊûÀåÀ¸·Î Á¹¾÷½Ä ÀÏÀÚ¿Í Àå¼Ò¸¦ ¾Ë¸®°í ÀÖ´Ù. (±¸¹®) We feel _as if_ the day they entered our school _were_ yesterday ~.: as if°¡ À̲ô´Â Àý ¾È¿¡ °ú°ÅÇü µ¿»ç(were)°¡ »ç¿ëµÇ¾úÀ¸¹Ç·Î ÇöÀç »ç½ÇÀÇ ¹Ý´ëÀÎ °¡Á¤¹ý °ú°Å ±¸¹®ÀÓÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * inform: ¾Ë¸®´Ù * requirement: ÇÊ¿äÁ¶°Ç * graduation certificate: Á¹¾÷ Áõ¼­ * participate in: ~¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÏ´Ù * on behalf of: ~¸¦ ´ëÇ¥ÇÏ¿© * extend: (ÃÊ´ëÀåÀ») º¸³»´Ù * look forward to -ing: ~Çϱ⸦ °í´ëÇÏ´Ù 21. Çؼ®: ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¼­¿ïÀ» µ¹¾Æ´Ù´Ï±â À§ÇØ ¹ö½º³ª ÁöÇÏöÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏÁö¸¸, 89ÂÊ À̵û±Ý¾¿ ÀÚÀü°Å¸¦ Ÿ°í µµ½Ã¸¦ °¡·ÎÁö¸£¸ç ÇÞºµÀÌ ³»¸®ÂØ´Â ÇϷ縦 º¸³»´Â °Íµµ ÁÁ´Ù. ÀÚÀü°Å¸¦ Ÿ´Â µ¿¾È ´ç½ÅÀº ºÐ¸íÈ÷ »õ·Î¿î ±æÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÏ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ°í, ¼­¿ï¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ù¸¥ ½Ã°¢À» °®°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¡°ÀÚÀü°Å Ÿ±â¸¦ Áñ±â´Â °ÍÀÇ ÇÙ½ÉÀº ÀûÀýÇÑ ±æÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.¡± ´ë·Î¿¡¼­ ¹þ¾î³­ »û±æÀº ŽÇèÇϱ⿡ Àç¹Ì³­ Àå¼Ò°¡ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í µ¡ºÙÀ̸鼭 ÇÑ ½Ã °ø¹«¿øÀÌ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. °¡²û ÀÚÀü°Å¸¦ Å»°Å¶ó¸é ÀÚÀü°Å¸¦ ´ë¿©ÇØ Áֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ¸¹Àº µ·À» ¾µ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ÀÚÀü°Å¸¦ Ÿ°í ¼­¿ïÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÏ°í ¹ß°ßµÇÁö ¾ÊÀº µÞ±æ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾Ë¾Æº¸ÀÚ. (Çؼ³) ±Û Àüü¿¡¼­ ÀÚÀü°Å¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ¼­¿ïÀ» µ¹¾Æº¸´Â Áñ°Å¿ò¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© À̾߱âÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ÀÌ ±ÛÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀº ¨é ¡®ÀÚÀü°Å¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ µµ½Ã ±¸°æÀ» Àå·ÁÇÏ·Á°í¡¯ÀÌ´Ù. (±¸¹®) _While_ ( _you are_) _riding_, you are certain to discover new streets ~.: ºÎ»çÀýÀÇ Á־ ÁÖÀýÀÇ ÁÖ¾î¿Í °°°í µ¿»ç°¡ beµ¿»çÀÏ ¶§ 'Á־beµ¿»ç'´Â »ý·« °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * every once in a while: À̵û±Ý¾¿, °¡²û¾¿ * alley: »û±æ, °ñ¸ñ±æ 22. 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(¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * in good faith: ½Å³äÀ» °®°í * strive: ³ë·ÂÇÏ´Ù * inevitable: ºÒ°¡ÇÇÇÑ * point out: ÁöÀûÇÏ´Ù * apologize: »ç°úÇÏ´Ù ^[06°­ ½Ã°¢ÀÚ·áÀÇ È°¿ë º»¹® 100~117ÂÊ 01 ¨ë 02 ¨é 03 ¨ë 04 ¨ê 05 ¨é 06 ¨ë 07 ¨é 08 ¨ê 09 ¨ë 10 ¨ë 11 ¨ê 12 ¨ë 13 ¨ê 14 ¨é 15 ¨ê 16 ¨ê 17 ¨ê 18 ¨ë 19 ¨ë 20 ¨ê 21 ¨ë 22 ¨ë 23 ¨ë 24 ¨é 25 ¨ê 26 ¨ê 27 ¨ë 28 ¨ë 29 ¨è 30 ¨é 31 ¨é 32 ¨ê 33 ¨ê 34 ¨ë 35 ¨é 01. Çؼ®: Çö´ë µµ¿¹ ¹Ú¹°°ü Çö´ë µµ¿¹ ¹Ú¹°°üÀº ¿¹¼úÀûÀÎ µµÀÚ±â ÀÛÇ°À» ¼öÁýÇÑ °ÍÀ» Àü½ÃÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ¶ÇÇÑ Çö´ë µµ¿¹ÀÇ ¿ª»ç¿Í ¹ß´Þ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸µµ Á¦°øÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¹æ¹®°´µéÀº Ãß°¡ ºñ¿ëÀ» ³»¸é ÀڽŵéÀÇ Á¢½Ã¿Í ÄÅÀ» ¸¸µé ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ½Ã°£ ÁÖÁß: ¿ÀÀü 9½Ã - ¿ÀÈÄ 6½Ã ÁÖ¸»: ¿ÀÀü 9½Ã - ¿ÀÈÄ 5½Ã * ¹Ú¹°°üÀº ¸Å´Þ ù ¿ù¿äÀÏ¿¡ ¹®À» ´Ý½À´Ï´Ù. ¿ä±Ý ÀÏ¹Ý ÀÔÀå: 5´Þ·¯ 12¼¼ ¹Ì¸¸ ¾î¸°ÀÌ: ¹«·á µµ¿¹ üÇè: 10´Þ·¯ ÁÖÂ÷ ¹Ú¹°°ü ¹æ¹®°´µéÀº ÁÖÂ÷ ÇÒÀÎÀ» ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÇÒÀÎÀ» ¹Þ±â À§Çؼ­, ¹æ¹®°´µéÀº ¹æ¹®°´ ¾È³»´ë¿¡¼­ ÁÖÂ÷±Ç È®ÀÎ µµÀåÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. (Çؼ³) A parking discount is available to museum visitors.¿¡¼­ ¹æ¹®°´Àº ÁÖÂ÷ ¿ä±ÝÀ» ÇÒÀÎ ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¨ë°¡ ¾È³»¹®ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÑ´Ù. (±¸¹®) To receive the discount, visitors must 46^^_have their parking tickets stamped_ at the visitor information desk.: have´Â »ç¿ªµ¿»çÀÌ°í, their parking tickets°¡ ¸ñÀûÀ̸ç, stamped ¡¦ desk°¡ ¸ñÀû¾î¸¦ º¸Ãæ ¼³¸íÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. their parking tickets´Â stamp°¡ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ÇàÀ§ÀÇ ´ë»óÀÌ µÇ¹Ç·Î, ¸ñÀû¾î¸¦ º¸Ãæ ¼³¸íÇÏ´Â ÀÚ¸®¿¡ °ú°ÅºÐ»çÀÎ 90ÂÊ stamped°¡ »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * pottery: µµ¿¹, µµÀÚ±â * exhibit: Àü½ÃÇÏ´Ù * collection: ¼öÁýÇ°, ¼ÒÀåÇ° * ceramic: µµÀÚ±â, ¿ä¾÷ * additional fee: Ãß°¡ ¿ä±Ý * available: ÀÌ¿ë °¡´ÉÇÑ 02. Çؼ®: The Nature FoundationÀÇ È¸¿øÀÌ µÇ¼¼¿ä The Nature FoundationÀº ÀÚ¿¬ ȯ°æ º¸È£¿¡ Àü³äÇÏ´Â Àü ¼¼°èÀûÀÎ ±â±¸ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿À´Ã °¡ÀÔÇϼż­ ÀúÈñ¸¦ µµ¿ÍÁֽðí, 1³â¿¡ ´ÜÁö 50´Þ·¯·Î ȸ¿øÀÇ ¸ðµç ÇýÅÃÀ» ´©¸®½Ê½Ã¿À. ȸ¿ø ÇýÅÃ: * 1³â°£ ÀúÈñÀÇ ¿ù°£ ÀâÁö Nature World. * Àç´ÜÀÌ ÁÖÃÖÇÏ´Â ´Ù°¡¿Ã Çà»ç¿¡ °üÇÑ ÁÖ°£ ´º½º·¹ÅÍ * ÀÚ¿¬»ç¿Í ȯ°æ °úÇп¡ ´ëÇÑ Æ¯º° °­¿¬È¸ ÃÊ´ë ȸ¿ø Ãß°¡ ÇýÅÃ: * Àç´Ü¿¡¼­ ¹ßÇàÇϴ åÀÇ 10ÆÛ¼¾Æ® ÇÒÀÎ * Nature Kids¿Í °°Àº ÀúÈñÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ÀâÁöÀÇ 20ÆÛ¼¾Æ® ÇÒÀÎ * ±¹¸³°ø¿ø ÇÒÀÎ ÀÔÀå ȸ¿ø ÇýÅÿ¡ °üÇÑ Ãß°¡ Áú¹®ÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸½Ã¸é, 987-555-4567·Î ÀüÈ­¸¦ ÇϽðųª À¥»çÀÌÆ® www.naturefoundation.org¸¦ ¹æ¹®ÇØÁÖ¼¼¿ä. (Çؼ³) Àç´Ü ÁÖÃÖ Çà»ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÁÖ°£ ´º½º·¹ÅÍ(weekly newsletter)¸¦ ¹Þ´Â´Ù°í ÇßÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¨éÀº ¾È³»¹®ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. (±¸¹®) A 10% discount on books 46^^_published by the Foundation_.: published by the FoundationÀº books¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â °ú°ÅºÐ»ç±¸Àε¥, publishedÀÇ ¾Õ¿¡ which(that) are°¡ »ý·«µÈ °ÍÀ¸·Î º¼ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * foundation: Àç´Ü * dedicated to: ~¿¡ Àü³äÇÏ´Â * preservation: º¸È£, º¸Á¸ * membership: ȸ¿ø(ÀÚ°Ý) * publish: ÃâÆÇÇÏ´Ù 03. Çؼ®: Çϸð´Ï û³â °üÇö¾Ç´Ü 2014 ½ÃÁð ¿Àµð¼Ç ¿Àµð¼Ç ÀÏÁ¤: 2013³â 12¿ù 16ÀϺÎÅÍ 20ÀϱîÁö ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ Çϸð´ÏÀÇ ÁöÈÖÀÚ ¹Ø¿¡¼­ ÈǸ¢ÇÑ À½¾Ç ¿¬ÁÖ¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÏ°í ½Í´Ù¸é Çϸð´Ï û³â °üÇö¾Ç´ÜÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀ» À§ÇÑ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¹Ýµå½Ã¡¦ * ÇöÀç ÁßÇлýÀ̳ª °íµîÇлýÀ̾î¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. * 11¿ù 30ÀϱîÁö ÀÛ¼ºÇÑ ¿Àµð¼Ç Áö¿ø¼­¿Í À½¾Ç¼±»ý´ÔÀÇ Ãßõ¼­¸¦ º¸³»¼Å¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. * ¿Àµð¼ÇÀ» À§ÇØ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¼±ÅÃÇÑ °îÀ» ¿¬ÁÖÇÒ Áغñ¸¦ ÇϽʽÿÀ.. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¡¦ * ¿Àµð¼Ç ³¯ ¾à 10ÀÏ Àü¿¡ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ¿Àµð¼Ç ½Ã°£°ú Àå¼Ò°¡ ÀûÈù À̸ÞÀÏÀ» ¹ÞÀ» °Ì´Ï´Ù. * ¿Àµð¼Ç ÈÄ ÀÏÁÖÀÏ Âë Áö³ª¼­ À̸ÞÀÏ·Î ÃÖÁ¾ °á°ú¸¦ Å뺸¹ÞÀ» °Ì´Ï´Ù. ½Åû¼­´Â Çϸð´Ï û³â °üÇö¾Ç´Ü À¥»çÀÌÆ®(www.hyo.org)¿¡¼­ ´Ù¿î·Îµå ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. (Çؼ³) be notified the final results by e-mailÀ̶ó°í ¾È³»¹®¿¡ ³ª¿Í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¨ë´Â ¾È³»¹®ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. (±¸¹®) The Harmony Youth Orchestra is for you if you _wish to participate_ in great musical performances under Harmony's conductor.: wish´Â to participate ¡¦ conductorÀÇ toºÎÁ¤»ç±¸¸¦ ¸ñÀû¾î·Î °®´Âµ¥, ÀÌ¿Í °°ÀÌ toºÎÁ¤»ç¸¦ ¸ñÀû¾î·Î °®´Â µ¿»ç·Î´Â agree, choose, decide, refuse, want µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * performance: ¿¬ÁÖ * conductor: ÁöÈÖÀÚ * notify: ¾Ë¸®´Ù, ÅëÁöÇÏ´Ù 04. Çؼ®: ÀÌ ±×·¡ÇÁ´Â 2007³â 7°³ ¿¬·ÉÁý´Ü¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ä³³ª´ÙÀÎÀÇ ÀÚ¿øºÀ»ç ºñÀ²°ú ¿¬°£ Æò±Õ (ÀÚ¿øºÀ»ç) ½Ã°£À» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. 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(±¸¹®) The average annual hours increased with age except for the group 46^^_aged between 25 and 34, which_ volunteered an average of 133 hours.: aged ¡¦ 34´Â the groupÀ» ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â °ú°ÅºÐ»ç±¸ÀÌ°í, which´Â °è¼ÓÀû ¿ë¹ýÀÇ °ü°è´ë¸í»ç·Î and it ~À¸·Î ¹Ù²ã ¾µ ¼ö Àִµ¥, ¼±Çà»ç´Â the group aged between 25 and 34ÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * volunteer rate: ÀÚ¿øºÀ»ç ºñÀ² * range from A to B: ¹üÀ§°¡ A¿¡¼­ B¿¡ °ÉÃÄ ÀÖ´Ù * senior: ³ëÀÎ, ¿¬ÀåÀÚ 05. Çؼ®: °¡³ª ÀÚ¿øºÀ»ç ³×Æ®¿öÅ© À¥»çÀÌÆ®: www.geocities.com/service_gnvs ¿¬¶ôó: Emmanuel Odonkor Corletey -eodonkor@hice.com- °¡³ª ÀÚ¿øºÀ»ç ³×Æ®¿öÅ©´Â ¿­¸° ¸¶À½À» °¡Á³À¸¸ç, »ç±³ÀûÀÌ°í, Çå½ÅÀûÀÎ ÀÚ¿øºÀ»çÀÚ¸¦ ã°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. * ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â ´Þ: 3¿ù°ú 9¿ù * ºÀ»ç ±â°£: 8~12ÁÖ * ¿¬·É: 20~35¼¼ * È°µ¿: ÇàÁ¤, ±³À°, ¹ø¿ª * ½Åû ±â°£: ¿¬Áß ³»³» * ºñ¿ë: 1Àδç ù ´ÞÀº 200´Þ·¯ÀÌ°í, ´ÙÀ½ ´ÞºÎÅÍ ¸Å´Þ 150´Þ·¯À̸ç, ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¼÷¹Ú°ú ÇÏ·ç 3³¢ ½Ä»çºñ¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÕ´Ï´Ù. * ÀÚ°Ý ¿ä°Ç: ÀÚ¿øºÀ»çÀÚµéÀº ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ »ç¿ë¿¡ ´É¼÷ÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. (Çؼ³) ÀÚ¿øºÀ»çÀÚµéÀÌ ÇÏ´Â È°µ¿Àº ÇàÁ¤, ±³À°, ¹ø¿ªÀ̶ó°í ³ª¿Í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¨éÀº ¾È³»¹®ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. (±¸¹®) The Ghana Network of Volunteer Service is looking for volunteers _who_ are open-minded, sociable, and committed.: who ¡¦ committed´Â ¼±Çà»ç volunteers¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â °ü°èÀýÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * contact: ¿¬¶ôó * sociable: »ç±³ÀûÀÎ * committed: Çå½ÅÀûÀÎ * duration: ±â°£ * administration: ÇàÁ¤ * translate: Å뿪ÇÏ´Ù, ¹ø¿ªÇÏ´Ù * cover: (ºñ¿ë µîÀ») ÃæºÐÈ÷ Ä¡¸£´Ù, Ãæ´çÇÏ´Ù * accommodation: ¼÷¹Ú 06. Çؼ®: ÁÖ¹æÀÇ ¾ÆÀÌµé ¡®ÁÖ¹æÀÇ ¾ÆÀ̵顯Àº ¾ÆÀ̵éÀ» À§ÇÑ ¹ÝÀÏ Ä·ÇÁÀÔ´Ï´Ù. * ¾î¸°À̵éÀº ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ÁÖ¹æ ±â±¸ÀÇ »ç¿ë¹ýÀ» ¹è¿ó´Ï´Ù. * ±×µéÀº ±×µéÀÌ °¡Àå ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Â À½½ÄÀÇ °èȹ¿¡¼­ºÎÅÍ ¹ßÇ¥±îÁö ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» Ž±¸ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. * ±×µéÀº ¶ÇÇÑ Áý¿¡ À½½ÄÀ» °¡Á®°¡¼­ ¿Â °¡Á·°ú ÇÔ²² ¸ÔÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù! °­»ç: James Smith ³¯Â¥: 7¿ù 22~26ÀÏ ºñ¿ë: 75´Þ·¯(Ãß°¡ Àç·áºñ: 30´Þ·¯) ÀÏÁ¤: ½Ã°£ ¿¬·É ¿ÀÀü Ä·ÇÁ ¿ÀÀü 9½Ã~12½Ã Á¤¿À 5¼¼~7¼¼ ¿ÀÈÄ Ä·ÇÁ ¿ÀÈÄ 1½Ã~¿ÀÈÄ 4½Ã 8¼¼~10¼¼ ¡Ø À½½Ä ¾Ë·¹¸£±â°¡ ÀÖ´Â ¾î¸°À̵鿡°Ô´Â ÀÌ Ä·ÇÁ¸¦ ±ÇÀåÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¾È³»¹®ÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸·¿¡ ¡®À½½Ä ¾Ë·¹¸£±â°¡ ÀÖ´Â ¾î¸°À̵鿡°Ô´Â ÀÌ Ä·ÇÁ¸¦ ±ÇÀåÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù.(This camp is not recommended for children with food allergies.)¡¯¶ó°í ³ª¿Í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¨ë´Â ¾È³»¹®ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÑ´Ù. (±¸¹®) Children will learn _how to use_ a number of kitchen tools.: 'how + toºÎÁ¤»ç'´Â ¡®¾î¶»°Ô ~ÇÒÁö¡¯ÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ °¡Áø ¸í»ç±¸·Î »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * a number of: ¸¹Àº * presentation: ¹ßÇ¥ * additional charge: Ãß°¡ ºñ¿ë * recommend: ±ÇÀåÇÏ´Ù 07. Çؼ®: North WalnutÀÇ Campus Court Åػ罺 22345, Appleville, North Walnut °¡ 2036¹øÁö North WalnutÀÇ »õ·Î¿î Campus Court¿¡ ¿À¼¼¿ä! ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »õ·Î¿î 1ħ½Ç ¶Ç´Â 2ħ½Ç ¾ÆÆÄÆ® Áß¿¡¼­ °í¸£¼¼¿ä: * ¼îÇΰú ½Ä»ç¸¦ À§ÇÑ ¾ÆÁÖ ÁÁÀº À§Ä¡ * ¸ðµç Àü±â ±â±¸¸¦ °®Ãá ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ¼³ºñµÈ ÁÖ¹æ * ¸ðµç ¾ÆÆÄÆ®¿¡ ¼¼Å¹±â¿Í °ÇÁ¶±â * 24½Ã°£ ¿î¿µÇÏ´Â ·¹Å©¸®¿¡ÀÌ¼Ç ¼¾ÅÍ(°øÈÞÀÏ Á¦¿Ü) À§Ä¡ Ä·ÆÛ½º ºÏ¼­ÂÊÀÇ ´ëÇÐ ¿îµ¿Àå ±Ùó¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÔ. Oxford °¡¿Í North Walnut °¡¿¡¼­ µé¾î¿À´Â 2°³ÀÇ Æí¸®ÇÑ ÀÔ±¸. ±Ù¹« ½Ã°£ ¿ù¿äÀÏ ¡¦ ±Ý¿äÀÏ: ¿ÀÀü 9½Ã ¡¦ ¿ÀÈÄ 6½Ã Åä¿äÀÏ: ¿ÀÀü 11½Ã ¡¦ ¿ÀÈÄ 3½Ã (Çؼ³) ·¹Å©¸®¿¡ÀÌ¼Ç ¼¾ÅÍ´Â 24½Ã°£ ¿î¿µÇÏÁö¸¸ ¡®°øÈÞÀÏ Á¦¿Ü(except public holidays)¡¯¶ó°í ³ª¿Í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¨éÀº ±¤°íÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. (±¸¹®) _Located_ near the university stadium on the northwest side of the campus.: Located ¾Õ¿¡ It is°¡ »ý·«µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í °°ÀÌ ½Ç¿ë¹®¿¡¼­´Â ÃßÃø °¡´ÉÇÑ ÁÖ¾î¿Í µ¿»ç°¡ ÀÚÁÖ »ý·«µÈ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * fully equipped: ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ¼³ºñµÈ * electric appliances: Àü±â ±â±¸ * washer: ¼¼Å¹±â * office hour: ±Ù¹« ½Ã°£ 08. 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(±¸¹®) Between 1990 and 2006, the increase in the percentage of women's waged non-agricultural employment in Sub-Saharan Africa was larger than _that_ of the Middle East and North Africa.: ¾Õ¿¡ ³ª¿Â the increase in the percentage of women's waged non-agricultural employment¸¦ ¹Ýº¹ÇÏ¿© ¾²´Â °ÍÀ» ÇÇÇϱâ À§ÇØ ´ë¸í»ç thatÀÌ ¾²¿´´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * wage: ÀÓ±Ý * employment: °í¿ë * non-agricultural: ºñ³ó¾÷ÀÇ * sector: ºÐ¾ß * improvement: °³¼±, Çâ»ó 09. Çؼ®: LAKETOWN ½ºÆ÷Ã÷ Ä·ÇÁ 2013 6¿ù 24ÀÏ ¡¦ 8¿ù 23ÀÏ (¿ù¿äÀÏ ¡¦ ±Ý¿äÀÏ, ¿ÀÀü 9½Ã ¡¦ ¿ÀÈÄ 4½Ã) Laketown ½Ã´Â 7¼¼ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¸ðµç ¾î¸°À̵鿡°Ô ½ºÆ÷Ã÷ Ä·ÇÁ¸¦ Á¦°øÇÕ´Ï´Ù. * Ä·ÇÁ Âü°¡ÀÚ´Â ¸ÅÀÏ ¿ÀÈÄ ¼ö¿µ °­½ÀÀ» ¹Þ½À´Ï´Ù. * ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¸ÅÁÖ È°µ¿Àº ³ó±¸, Ã౸, Å״Ͻº, ¹èµå¹ÎÅÏ°ú ÈξÀ ´õ ¸¹Àº °ÍÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÕ´Ï´Ù. * Ä·ÇÁ Âü°¡ÀÚ´Â Áý¿¡¼­ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Á¡½ÉÀ» °¡Á®¿À°Å³ª ½º³¼¹Ù¿¡¼­ Á¡½ÉÀ» »ç´Â ¼±ÅÃÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. µî·Ï Á¤º¸ ½Ã±â 5¿ù 27ÀÏ ¡¦ 6¿ù 7ÀÏ µî·Ïºñ ÀÏÁÖÀÏ°£ 125´Þ·¯(º¸Çè·á Æ÷ÇÔ) Ãß°¡ Á¤º¸´Â www.laketowncamp.comÀ» ¹æ¹®ÇϽðųª (310) 555-2211·Î ÀüÈ­Çϼ¼¿ä. (Çؼ³) µî·Ï Á¤º¸ÀÇ $125 for a week (insurance fee included)¿¡¼­ º¸Çè·á°¡ µî·Ïºñ¿¡ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¨ë°¡ ¾È³»¹®ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÑ´Ù. (±¸¹®) Campers have the option _to bring_ their own lunch from home or _purchase_ lunch from the snack bar.: the optionÀ» ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â toºÎÁ¤»ç to bring°ú (to) purchase°¡ or¿¡ ÀÇÇØ º´·Ä ±¸Á¶·Î ¿¬°áµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * purchase: »ç´Ù, ±¸ÀÔÇÏ´Ù * registration: µî·Ï * insurance: º¸Çè * fee: ¿ä±Ý, ȸºñ 93ÂÊ 10. Çؼ®: WILSON °íµîÇб³ µµ¼­°ü ¿ì¸® µµ¼­°üÀÌ ¿ÃÇØ Àü±¹ »óÀ§ 10°³ µµ¼­°ü Áß Çϳª·Î ¼±Á¤µÈ °ÍÀ» ¾Ë·Áµå¸®°Ô µÇ¾î ±â»Þ´Ï´Ù. °³°ü ½Ã°£ ¿ù¿äÀÏ¿¡¼­ ±Ý¿äÀϱîÁö ¿ÀÀü 9½Ã~¿ÀÈÄ 8½Ã ÁÖ¸»°ú °øÈÞÀÏ¿¡´Â ÈÞ°ü ´ëÃâ°ú ¹Ý³³ ±ÔÁ¤ 1Àδç ÇÑ ¹ø¿¡ 5±Ç±îÁö ´ëÃâÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ Çã¿ëµË´Ï´Ù. ´ëÃâÀϷκÎÅÍ 2ÁÖ ³»¿¡ Ã¥À» ¹Ý³³ÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Ưº° Çà»ç * ÀúÀÚ¿ÍÀÇ ¸¸³² (6¿ù 14ÀÏ) º£½ºÆ®¼¿·¯ The Treasure of the DesertÀÇ ÀúÀÚ Janet Oxford¸¦ ¿Í¼­ ¸¸³ª º¸¼¼¿ä. * µµ¼­ ÆǸŠ(6¿ù 21ÀÏ) ¸ðµç »õ Ã¥Àº 20% ÇÒÀÎÇÏ°í, ¸ðµç Áß°í Ã¥Àº 50% ÇÒÀÎÇÕ´Ï´Ù. (Çؼ³) Ưº° Çà»çÀÇ All new books will be 20% off¿¡ ¸ðµç »õ Ã¥ÀÌ 20% ÇÒÀÎÇÑ´Ù°í ³ª¿Í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¨ë´Â ¾È³»¹®ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. (±¸¹®) We are very happy to announce _that_ our library has been selected as one of the top 10 libraries in the nation this year.: Á¢¼Ó»ç thatÀÌ À̲ô´Â ¸í»çÀý that our library ¡¦ this year°¡ µ¿»ç announceÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * announce: ¾Ë¸®´Ù, °øÇ¥ÇÏ´Ù * check-out: ´ëÃâ * policy: ±ÔÁ¤, ¹æħ 11. Çؼ®: ¿ù·Ê õ¹®´ëÀÇ ¹ã ÀúÈñ´Â ¸Å´Þ ¼¼ ¹ø° ¸ñ¿äÀÏ¿¡ ¡°Ãµ¹®´ëÀÇ ¹ã¡±À̶ó´Â ¹«·á ±³À° ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» Á¦°øÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ°Í¿¡´Â °­¿¬°ú õ¹®´ë ÁöºØ¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¸Á¿ø°æ °üÂûÀ» Ưº°È÷ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. * ÀÔÀå°ú ÁÖÂ÷´Â ¹«·áÀÔ´Ï´Ù. * °­ÀÇ´Â °íµîÇлýÀ» À§ÇÑ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. * ÀÚ¸®°¡ Á¦ÇѵǾî ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ¼±Âø¼øÀ¸·Î ÀÚ¸®¸¦ ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. * ¿ÀÈÄ 5½Ã¿¡ ¹®À» ¿­°í, ÇÁ·Î±×·¥Àº ¿ÀÈÄ 8½Ã¿¡ ½ÃÀ۵˴ϴÙ. * Çà»ç ´çÀÏ¿¡ ºñ°¡ ¿À¸é, ÇÁ·Î±×·¥Àº Ãë¼ÒµË´Ï´Ù. Á¤º¸°¡ ´õ ÇÊ¿äÇϽøé, ±³À° ´ã´ç »ç¹«½Ç (617) 555-2176À¸·Î ÀüÈ­ ÁֽʽÿÀ. (Çؼ³) ¹®À» ¿©´Â ½Ã°£ÀÌ ¿ÀÈÄ 5½ÃÀ̸ç ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÇ ½ÃÀÛÀº ¿ÀÈÄ 8½ÃÀ̹ǷÎ, ¨ê´Â ¾È³»¹®ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. (±¸¹®) If it _is_ rainy on the day of the event, the program _will be canceled_.: ½Ã°£À̳ª Á¶°ÇÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ºÎ»çÀý¿¡¼­ ¹Ì·¡ Ç¥ÇöÀº ÇöÀç ½ÃÁ¦(is)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * observatory: õ¹®´ë * feature: Ưº°È÷ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Ù * lecture: °­¿¬ * admission: ÀÔÀå(·á) * first-come basis: ¼±Âø¼ø 12. Çؼ®: À§ ±×·¡ÇÁ´Â 2012³â Triton VenturesÀÇ ¿©¼¸ °³ ºÎ¼­¿¡ ÇÒ´çµÈ ¿¹»ê°ú ½ÇÁ¦ ÁöÃâ »çÀÌÀÇ ºñ±³¸¦ º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. °í°´ ¼­ºñ½ººÎ´Â 6¸¸ ´Þ·¯¸¦ ÇÒ´ç¹Þ¾Ò´Âµ¥, ÀÌ´Â ´Ù¸¥ ¾î´À ºÎ¼­¿¡ ÇÒ´çµÈ ¾×¼öº¸´Ù ¸¹Àº °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ¹Ý¸é¿¡ ½ÇÁ¦ ÁöÃâÀÇ Ãø¸é¿¡¼­, °¡Àå ¸¹Àº ÁöÃâÀ» ÇÑ »óÀ§ µÎ ºÎ¼­´Â ¸¶ÄÉÆÃºÎ¿Í °³¹ßºÎ¿´´Ù. °í°´ ¼­ºñ½ººÎ¿Í Á¤º¸ ±â¼úºÎ´Â °°Àº ¾×¼öÀÇ µ·À» ÁöÃâÇߴµ¥, ±×°ÍÀº 2¸¸ ´Þ·¯¿´´Ù. °ü¸®ºÎÀÇ ½ÇÁ¦ ÁöÃâÀº ÇÒ´çµÈ ¿¹»êÀÇ Àý¹Ýº¸´Ùµµ Àû¾ú´Ù. _¿µ¾÷ºÎ´Â ¿©¼¸ °³ ºÎ¼­ Áß¿¡¼­ ÇÒ´çµÈ ¿¹»ê°ú ½ÇÁ¦ ÁöÃâ »çÀÌ¿¡ °¡Àå Å« Â÷À̸¦ º¸¿´´Ù._ (Çؼ³) ¿©¼¸ °³ ºÎ¼­ Áß¿¡¼­ ¿µ¾÷ºÎ´Â ÇÒ´çµÈ ¿¹»ê°ú ½ÇÁ¦ ÁöÃâ »çÀÌ¿¡ °¡Àå ÀÛÀº Â÷À̸¦ º¸¿´À¸¹Ç·Î. ¨ë´Â µµÇ¥ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. (±¸¹®) The Customer Service department was allocated 60,000 dollars, _which_ was greater than the amount allocated to any other department.: which´Â °è¼ÓÀû ¿ë¹ýÀÇ °ü°è´ë¸í»ç·Î, ¼±Çà»ç´Â 60,000 dollarsÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * allocate: ÇÒ´çÇÏ´Ù * budget: ¿¹»ê 94ÂÊ * department: (ȸ»çÀÇ) ºÎ¼­ * in terms of: ~ÀÇ Ãø¸é¿¡¼­ * administration: °ü¸®, ÇàÁ¤ 13. Çؼ®: 2012³â ù ¹ø° Àü½Ãȸ¸¦ ¹ßÇ¥ÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾î ±â»Þ´Ï´Ù. ¡°Àι° »çÁøÀÇ À§·Â¡± * ÀÛÇ° Á¦Ãâ Âü°¡ºñ´Â ´Ù¼¸ ÀåÀÇ »çÁø¿¡ 35´Þ·¯ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Ãß°¡µÇ´Â »çÁøÀº »çÁø ÇÑ Àå´ç 10´Þ·¯ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. * Âü°¡ºñ´Â ¿Â¶óÀÎ ¶Ç´Â »çÁø Àü½Ã°üÀ» ¹æ¹®ÇÏ¿© Á÷Á¢ ³»½Ç ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. * »çÁøÀº Á÷Á¢ Á¦ÃâÇϰųª À̸ÞÀÏ submit@phg.comÀ» ÅëÇØ Á¦ÃâÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. »çÁø¿¡ °üÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ ±ÍÇÏÀÇ ÃâÇ°ÀÛ°ú ÇÔ²² ÷ºÎÇØ Áֽñ⠹ٶø´Ï´Ù. * Á¦ÃâµÈ ¸ðµç »çÁøÀº »çÁø Àü½Ã°üÀÇ ¼ÒÀ¯ÀÌ¸ç ¹ÝȯµÇÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. PHOTOHAUS »çÁø Àü½Ã°ü (Çؼ³) ¡®»çÁøÀº Á÷Á¢ Á¦ÃâÇϰųª À̸ÞÀÏ submit@phg.comÀ» ÅëÇØ Á¦ÃâÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.(You can submit your photographs in person or via email ~.)¡¯¶ó°í ÇßÀ¸¹Ç·Î ¨ê°¡ ¾È³»¹®ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÑ´Ù. (±¸¹®) You can submit your photographs _in person_ or _via email_ at submit@phg.com.: µîÀ§Á¢¼Ó»ç or·Î ºÎ»ç±¸ in person°ú via emailÀÌ º´·Ä ±¸Á¶¸¦ ÀÌ·ç°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * portrait: Àι° »çÁø, ÃÊ»óÈ­ * submission: Á¦Ãâ, ÃâÇ°ÀÛ * announce: ¹ßÇ¥ÇÏ´Ù, °øÇ¥ÇÏ´Ù * submit: Á¦ÃâÇÏ´Ù * via: ~À» ÅëÇØ, ~À» °æÀ¯ÇÏ¿© * attach: ÷ºÎÇÏ´Ù, Á¢ÂøÇÏ´Ù * property: ¼ÒÀ¯(¹°), ¼ÒÀ¯±Ç 14. Çؼ®: µ¹°í·¡ ¼ö¿µ üÇè µ¹°í·¡¿Í ÀÔ¸ÂÃãÀ» ÇØ º¸½Å ÀûÀÌ ÀÖ³ª¿ä? ¹Ù´Ù¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ¸ÚÁø µ¿¹°µé Áß Çϳª¿¡ °¡±îÀÌ Á¢±ÙÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±âȸ°¡ ¿©±â¿¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº 1ÀÎ´ç °Ü¿ì 49´Þ·¯ÀÇ Àú·ÅÇÑ ºñ¿ëÀ¸·Î ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀØÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Â üÇèÀÇ ÀϺκÐÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. °¡Àå Èï¹Ì·Î¿î üÇè * ÀÌ ³î¶ó¿î Çؾç Æ÷À¯µ¿¹°µé°ú ÀÔ¸ÂÃãÇÏ°í, ¸¸Á®º¸°í, ¼ö¿µÇϱâ * µ¹°í·¡ÀÇ ¸ÚÁø ÇØÀú ¸ð½ÀÀ» º¸±â À§ÇØ ½º³ëŬ·Î Àá¼öÇϱ⠺¸Æ® ¿îÇ× ¼¼ºÎ ÀÏÁ¤ Ãâ¹ß ÁöÁ¡: Cancun Ç×±¸ Ãâ¹ß ½Ã°£: ¸ÅÀÏ ¿ÀÀü 9½Ã/¿ÀÀü 11½Ã 30ºÐ ¿ÀÈÄ 2½Ã/¿ÀÈÄ 4½Ã 30ºÐ ºÎ°¡ Á¤º¸ * 7¼¼ ÀÌÇÏÀÇ ¾î¸°ÀÌ´Â Âü°¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ Çã¶ôµÇÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. * µ¹°í·¡¿Í º¸³»´Â ½ÇÁ¦ ½Ã°£Àº 40ºÐ Á¤µµÀÔ´Ï´Ù. * 8¸í ÀÌ»óÀÇ ´Üü Âü°¡ÀÚµéÀº 10% ÇÒÀÎÀ» ¹Þ½À´Ï´Ù. ¾àÁ¤ ¹× Á¶°Ç ±ÍÇÏÀÇ ¿¹Á¤µÈ Ãâ¹ßÀÇ 7ÀÏ À̳»¿¡ Ãë¼ÒÇÒ °æ¿ì ȯºÒµÇÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. (Çؼ³) ºÎ°¡ Á¤º¸¿¡¼­ ¡®7¼¼ ÀÌÇÏÀÇ ¾î¸°ÀÌ´Â Âü°¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ Çã¶ôµÇÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù(Children aged seven years and under are not allowed to participate.)¡¯¶ó°í ÇßÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¨éÀº ¾È³»¹®ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. (±¸¹®) Actual time _spent_ with the dolphins is about forty minutes.: °ú°ÅºÐ»ç spent°¡ ¾ÕÀÇ ¸í»ç Actual timeÀ» ¼ö½ÄÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÁÖ¾î Actual timeÀÇ µ¿»ç´Â isÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * incredible: ¹Ï±â ¾î·Á¿î, ±²ÀåÇÑ * creature: µ¿¹°, »ý¹°, âÁ¶¹° * unforgettable: ÀØÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Â * marine: ÇؾçÀÇ, ¹Ù´Ù¿¡ »ç´Â * snorkel: ½º³ëŬ·Î Àá¼öÇÏ´Ù * additional: ºÎ°¡ÀûÀÎ, Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ * info: Á¤º¸(= information) * actual: ½ÇÁ¦ÀÇ * refund: ȯºÒ * cancel: Ãë¼ÒÇÏ´Ù 15. Çؼ®: Á¹¾÷»ý °øÁö»çÇ× ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Çо÷ ¸ñÇ¥ ¿Ï¼ö¸¦ ÃàÇϵ帳´Ï´Ù! ¿ì¸®´Â ¿©·¯ºÐÀ» ÀÚ¶û½º·´°Ô ¿©±é´Ï´Ù! ÀÌÁ¦ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Á¹¾÷½Ä°ú Çо÷ ¿Ï¼öÀÇ ÃàÇϸ¦ ÁغñÇÒ ¶§ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Á¹¾÷½Ä Áغñ * Á¹¾÷½Ä ¿¹Çà ¿¬½ÀÀº ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. * Âü¼® ÃÊ´ë ¼Õ´ÔÀÇ ¼ö¿¡´Â Á¦ÇÑÀÌ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. * Æí¾ÈÇÑ ½Å¹ß Âø¿ëÀ» ±ÇÀåÇÕ´Ï´Ù. * ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ °³ÀÎ ¼ÒÁöÇ°À» Á¹¾÷½Ä Áß¿¡´Â º¸°üÇÒ Àå¼Ò°¡ ¾øÀ¸¹Ç·Î ÃÊ´ë ¼Õ´Ô¿¡°Ô ¸Ã±æ °ÍÀ» ±ÇÀåÇÕ´Ï´Ù. * ¸ðµç Âü¼®ÀÚµéÀº °ËÀº»ö Á¹¾÷ ¸ðÀÚ¿Í °¡¿îÀ» Âø¿ëÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. * Á¹¾÷»ýÀ» À§ÇÑ º°µµÀÇ Å»ÀǽÇÀº ¾øÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÁÖÀÇ 95ÂÊ (Çؼ³) Á¹¾÷»ýÀ» À§ÇÑ º°µµÀÇ Å»ÀǽÇÀº ¾øÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.(There will be no separate dressing rooms for graduates.)¡¯¶ó°í ÇßÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¨ê´Â ¾È³»¹®ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. (±¸¹®) We suggest (that) you _leave_ your personal belongings with your guests as there is no place to keep _them_ during the ceremony.: µ¿»ç suggest(Á¦¾ÈÇÏ´Ù)ÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î·Î ´çÀ§¼ºÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â thatÀý((that) you (should) leave ~)ÀÌ ¿Ô´Ù. ´ë¸í»ç themÀº your personal belongings¸¦ °¡¸®Å²´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * graduate: Á¹¾÷»ý * graduation ceremony: Á¹¾÷½Ä * celebrate: ÃàÇÏÇÏ´Ù, Âù¾çÇÏ´Ù * rehearsal: ¿¹Çà ¿¬½À * personal belongings: °³ÀÎ ¼ÒÁöÇ° * participant: Âü¼®ÀÚ, Âü°¡ÀÚ * separate: º°µµÀÇ, º°°³ÀÇ * dressing room: Å»ÀÇ½Ç * provide: Á¦°øÇÏ´Ù * Student Government Association: Çлý ÀÚġȸ 16. Çؼ®: À§ ±×·¡ÇÁ´Â 2002³â°ú 2008³â, ij³ª´Ù, ÇÁ¶û½º, ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ, ¸ß½ÃÄÚ, ÅÍÅ°¿¡¼­ Åæ ´ÜÀ§·Î ÃøÁ¤µÈ ¿¬·á ¿¬¼Ò·ÎºÎÅÍ ³ª¿À´Â ÀÌ»êȭź¼Ò ¹æÃâÀÇ Â÷À̸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. ij³ª´Ù, ¸ß½ÃÄÚ, ÅÍÅ°¿¡¼­´Â ¿¬·á ¿¬¼Ò·ÎºÎÅÍÀÇ ÀÌ»êȭź¼Ò ¹æÃâÀÌ 2002³âº¸´Ù 2008³â¿¡ ´õ ¸¹¾Ò´Ù. ij³ª´Ù´Â 2002³â°ú 2008³â ¸ðµÎ ÃÑ 5°³±¹ Áß °¡Àå ¸¹Àº ¾çÀÇ ÀÌ»êȭź¼Ò¸¦ ¹èÃâÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ´Â µÎ ¹ø°·Î °¡Àå ¸¹ÀÌ ¹èÃâÇÑ ³ª¶ó·Î, 2002³â°ú 2008³â ¸ðµÎ 4¾ï 3õ 5¹é¸¸ ÅæÀ» Â÷ÁöÇß´Ù. _ÇÁ¶û½º´Â 2002³â¿¡ ¸ß½ÃÄÚº¸´Ù ÀÌ»êȭź¼Ò¸¦ ´õ Àû°Ô ¹èÃâÇßÁö¸¸, ÀÌ°ÍÀº 2008³â¿¡´Â ±× ¹Ý´ë°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù._ ÅÍÅ°´Â 2002³â¿¡ 1¾ï 9õ 2¹é¸¸ Åæ¿¡¼­ 2008³â¿¡ 2¾ï 6õ 4¹é¸¸ ÅæÀ¸·Î °¡Àå Å« ÆøÀÇ Áõ°¡¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³Â´Ù. (Çؼ³) ±×·¡ÇÁ¿¡¼­ 2002³â ¸ß½ÃÄÚ´Â 3¾ï 5õ 7¹é¸¸ Åæ, ÇÁ¶û½º´Â 3¾ï 7õ 6¹é¸¸ ÅæÀ¸·Î ÇÁ¶û½º°¡ ¸ß½ÃÄÚº¸´Ù ÀÌ»êȭź¼Ò¸¦ ´õ ¸¹ÀÌ ¹èÃâÇßÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ´õ Àû°Ô ¹èÃâÇß´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÇ ¨ê´Â µµÇ¥ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. (±¸¹®) Turkey displayed the biggest increase _from_ 192 million tons in 2002 _to_ 264 million tons in 2008.: Áõ°¡ÆøÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»±â À§ÇØ 'from A to (B) (A¿¡¼­(ºÎÅÍ) B±îÁö)'°¡ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * emission: ¹èÃâ * emitter: ¹æÃâÇÏ´Â ´ë»ó, ¹æ»çü * account for: ~ÀÇ ºñÀ²À» Â÷ÁöÇÏ´Ù * reverse: °Å²Ù·Î ÇÏ´Ù, µÚÁý´Ù * display: º¸¿©ÁÖ´Ù, ³ªÅ¸³»´Ù 17. Çؼ®: ±×·¡ÇÁ´Â 1970³âºÎÅÍ 2000³â±îÁöÀÇ »ý¹°Á¾ Áö¼ö¸¦ º¸¿© Áִµ¥, À°Áö¿Í ¹Î¹°, ±×¸®°í ÇؾçÀÇ »ýÅ°迡 »ì°í ÀÖ´Â Á¾µéÀÇ Àü ¼¼°èÀû »ý¹° ´Ù¾ç¼ºÀÇ °³Ã¼ ¼öÀÇ Ãß¼¼¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. 1970³â¿¡ ºñÇØ 2000³â¿¡´Â ¸ðµç ÁöÇ¥µéÀÌ 30¿¡¼­ 50ÆÛ¼¾Æ®¾¿ ¶³¾îÁ³´Ù. 1975³â°ú 1980³â »çÀÌ¿¡´Â, Çؾç»ý¹° Á¾ÀÇ ÁöÇ¥°¡ °¨¼ÒÇÑ ¹Ý¸é¿¡, ¹Î¹° Á¾µéÀÇ ÁöÇ¥´Â Áõ°¡Çß´Ù. 1985³â¿¡´Â ¹Î¹° Á¾ÀÇ ÁöÇ¥°¡ ÃÖ°í¿´À¸¸ç, À°Áö¿Í Çؾç»ý¹° Á¾µéÀÇ ÁöÇ¥°¡ ±× µÚ¸¦ À̾ú´Ù. _¹Î¹° Á¾µéÀÇ ÁöÇ¥´Â 1990³â°ú 1995³â »çÀÌ¿¡ ´Ù¸¥ ÁöÇ¥¿¡ ºñÇØ °¡Àå Àû°Ô °¨¼ÒÇß´Ù._ 2000³â¿¡ ¼¼ °¡Áö Áß ÃÖ°íÀÎ Çؾç»ý¹° Á¾ÀÇ ÁöÇ¥´Â 1999³â°ú 2000³â »çÀÌ¿¡ Áõ°¡¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³Â´Ù. (Çؼ³) 1990³â°ú 1995³â »çÀÌ¿¡ ¹Î¹° Á¾µéÀÇ ÁöÇ¥´Â 80¿¡¼­ 60À¸·Î °¨¼ÒÇÏ¿© ´Ù¸¥ ÁöÇ¥µé¿¡ ºñÇØ °¡Àå Å©°Ô °¨¼ÒÇßÀ¸¹Ç·Î, °¡Àå Àû°Ô °¨¼ÒÇß´Ù´Â ¨ê´Â µµÇ¥ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. (±¸¹®) In 1985 the freshwater species index was the highest, _followed by_ the land species index and the marine species index.: followed by ¡¦ ´Â ¡®µÚÀ̾î, ÀÕ´Þ¾Æ ~¡¯ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * biodiversity: »ý¹° ´Ù¾ç¼º * species: (»ý¹°) Á¾ * freshwater: ¹Î¹° * ecosystem: »ýÅ°è * compared to: ~¿¡ ºñÇØ * decline: °¨¼ÒÇÏ´Ù 18. Çؼ®: À§ÀÇ ±×·¡ÇÁ´Â 1997³âºÎÅÍ 2007³â±îÁö Àüü ¿¬±¸¿øÀÇ ¼ö¿Í Çѱ¹ÀÇ °æÁ¦ È°µ¿ Àα¸(EAP) 1,000¸í´ç ¿¬±¸¿øÀÇ ¼ö¸¦ º¸¿© ÁØ´Ù. ÀÌÀü ÇØ¿Í ºñ±³ 96ÂÊ ÇßÀ» ¶§, ¸Å³â ±â·ÏµÈ µÎ ¼ö´Â ¸ðµÎ 1998³â¿¡ ±â·ÏµÈ ¼ö¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°í Áõ°¡ÇÏ´Â Çö»óÀ» º¸¿© ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. °æÁ¦ È°µ¿ Àα¸ 1,000¸í´ç ¿¬±¸¿øÀÇ ¼ö¿¡¼­ º¸ÀÌ´Â °¡Àå Å« ¿¬°£ Áõ°¡´Â 2000³â°ú 2001³â »çÀÌ¿¡ ±â·ÏµÇ¾ú´Ù. Çѱ¹Àº 2004³âºÎÅÍ 2007³â±îÁö ¸Å³â 200,000¸í ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¿¬±¸¿øÀ» º¸À¯Çߴµ¥, 2007³â¿¡ °¡Àå ¸¹Àº ¼ö¸¦ ±â·ÏÇß´Ù. 2007³â °æÁ¦ È°µ¿ Àα¸ 1,000¸í´ç ¿¬±¸¿øÀÇ ¼ö´Â 1999³â °æÁ¦ È°µ¿ Àα¸ 1,000¸í´ç ¿¬±¸¿øÀÇ ¼öÀÇ µÎ ¹è¿´´Ù. _Àüü ¿¬±¸¿øÀÇ ¼ö¿¡¼­ º¸ÀÌ´Â ¿¬°£ Áõ°¡´Â 1998³â°ú 1999³â »çÀÌ¿¡ °¡Àå ÄÇ´Ù._ (Çؼ³) µµÇ¥¿¡¼­ Àüü ¿¬±¸¿øÀÇ ¼ö°¡ °¡Àå ¸¹ÀÌ Áõ°¡ÇÑ ÇØ´Â 1998³â°ú 1999³â »çÀÌ(5,000¸í)°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó 2006³â°ú 2007³â »çÀÌ(32,000¸í)À̹ǷÎ, ¨ë´Â µµÇ¥ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. (±¸¹®) From 2004 to 2007 Korea had more than 200,000 researchers each year, 46^^_recording the largest number in 2007_.: recording ¡¦ 2007Àº ºÎ´ë»óȲÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ºÐ»ç±¸¹®À¸·Î, ¡®~Çϸ鼭, ~ÇÑ »óȲ¿¡¼­¡¯ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * researcher: ¿¬±¸¿ø * economically: °æÁ¦ÀûÀ¸·Î * active: È°µ¿ ÁßÀÎ, È°µ¿ÀûÀÎ * population: Àα¸ * compare to: ~¿Í ºñ±³ÇÏ´Ù * previous: ÀÌÀüÀÇ * annual: 1³âÀÇ, ¿¬°£ÀÇ * growth: Áõ°¡, ¼ºÀå 19. Çؼ®: À§ÀÇ ±×·¡ÇÁ´Â ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­ 2006/2007 ½ÃÁðºÎÅÍ 2009/2010 ½ÃÁð±îÁö ³× ¹øÀÇ °Ü¿ï ½ÃÁ𠵿¾È ½º³ë¿ì ½ºÆ÷Ã÷ Âü¿© µ¿ÇâÀ» º¸¿© ÁØ´Ù. ¾ËÆÄÀÎ ½ºÅ°´Â ³× ¹ø ¸ðµÎÀÇ °Ü¿ï ½ÃÁð¿¡ °ÉÃļ­ Âü¿©ÀÚ°¡ °¡Àå ¸¹¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, ½º³ë¿ì º¸µùÀÌ µÎ ¹ø°·Î ¸¹¾Ò´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ÇÁ¸®½ºÅ¸ÀÏ ½ºÅ°´Â ³× ¹øÀÇ ½ÃÁð °¢°¢¿¡¼­ Âü¿©ÀÚ°¡ °¡Àå Àû¾ú´Ù. ½º³ë¿ì º¸µù°ú Å©·Î½ºÄÁÆ®¸® ½ºÅ° µÑ ´Ù¿¡¼­ ³× ¹øÀÇ °Ü¿ï ½ÃÁ𠵿¾È Âü¿©ÀÚ ¼ö´Â ²ÙÁØÇÑ Áõ°¡¸¦ º¸¿© ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌÀü ½ÃÁð°ú ºñ±³ÇÏ¿©, 2007/2008 ½ÃÁð¿¡´Â ¾ËÆÄÀÎ ½ºÅ°¿Í ÇÁ¸®½ºÅ¸ÀÏ ½ºÅ° µÑ ´Ù¿¡¼­ Âü¿©ÀÚ ¼ö°¡ °¨¼ÒÇÏ¿´´Ù. _2009/2010 ½ÃÁð¿¡ ½º³ë¿ì º¸µù°ú Å©·Î½ºÄÁÆ®¸® ½ºÅ° Âü¿©ÀÚ¸¦ ÇÕÄ£ ¼ö´Â °°Àº ½ÃÁð¿¡ ¾ËÆÄÀÎ ½ºÅ° Âü¿©ÀÚ ¼öº¸´Ù ´õ Àû¾ú´Ù._ (Çؼ³) 2009/2010 ½ÃÁð¿¡ ½º³ë¿ì º¸µù°ú Å©·Î½ºÄÁÆ®¸® ½ºÅ° Âü¿©ÀÚ¸¦ ÇÕÄ£ ¼ö°¡ ¾ËÆÄÀÎ ½ºÅ° Âü¿©ÀÚ ¼öº¸´Ù ´õ ¸¹¾ÒÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¨ë´Â µµÇ¥ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. (±¸¹®) Over the four winter seasons, 46^^_a steady increase was seen_ in the number of participants in both snowboarding and cross country skiing.: ¼öµ¿Å ¹®ÀåÀ¸·Î, Àǹ̻ó ÁÖ¾î´Â ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ »ç¶÷À» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â you ¶Ç´Â weÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * participation: Âü¿©, Âü°¡ * previous: ÀÌÀüÀÇ, ¾ÕÀÇ * decrease: °¨¼Ò(ÀúÇÏ)ÇÏ´Ù 20. Çؼ®: ÀÌ ±×·¡ÇÁ´Â 1987³âºÎÅÍ 2007³â±îÁö Áß±¹, Àεµ, Çѱ¹ ±×¸®°í ´ë¸¸ Ãâ½ÅÀÇ ÇлýµéÀÌ ¹ÞÀº ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ÀÌ°ø°è ¹Ú»ç ÇÐÀ§ÀÇ ¼ö¸¦ º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. 1987³â¿¡ ´ë¸¸Àº ¹Ì±¹ ±â°üÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¹ÞÀº ÀÌ°ø°è ¹Ú»ç ÇÐÀ§ ÃëµæÀÚ ¼ö°¡ °¡Àå ¸¹Àº ¹Ý¸é¿¡ Áß±¹Àº °¡Àå Àû¾ú´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, Áß±¹Àº 1990³â±îÁö ¿©Å¸ÀÇ ±¹°¡µéÀ» ½Å¼ÓÈ÷ µû¶ó Àâ¾Ò°í, ±× ÀÌÈÄ·Î ¾Æ½Ã¾ÆÀÇ 4°³±¹ Áß¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ¸¹Àº ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ÀÌ°ø°è ¹Ú»ç ÇÐÀ§ ÃëµæÀÚ¸¦ ¹èÃâÇØ ¿Ô´Ù. 2001³â°ú 2005³â »çÀÌ¿¡ Àεµ Ãâ½Å µ¿·áº¸´Ù´Â Çѱ¹ÀÇ Çлýµé¿¡°Ô ´õ ¸¹Àº ¼öÀÇ ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ÀÌ°ø°è ¹Ú»ç ÇÐÀ§°¡ ÁÖ¾îÁ³´Ù. _ÁÖ¸ñÇÒ ¸¸ÇÑ °ÍÀº 1990³â´ë Ãʱâ ÀÌÈÄ·Î 4°³±¹ ¸ðµÎ ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ÀÌ°ø°è ¹Ú»ç ÇÐÀ§ ÃëµæÀÚ ¼ö¿¡ À־ Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î ²ÙÁØÇÑ Áõ°¡¸¦ º¸¿© ¿Ô´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù._ 1987³â¿¡¼­ 2007³â »çÀÌ¿¡ ¾Æ½Ã¾ÆÀÇ 4°³±¹ Áß¿¡¼­ ¾î´À ±¹°¡µµ ÇÑ ÇØ¿¡ 5,000°³ÀÇ ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ÀÌ°ø°è ¹Ú»ç ÇÐÀ§¸¦ ÃëµæÇÏ´Â º®À» ³ÑÁö ¸øÇßÁö¸¸, Áß±¹Àº 2007³â¿¡ 4,500°³¸¦ ÃëµæÇßÀ» ¶§ °¡Àå ±ÙÁ¢Çß´Ù. (Çؼ³) ±×·¡ÇÁ¸¦ º¸¸é 1990³â´ë Ãʱâ ÀÌÈÄ·Î 4°³±¹ ¸ðµÎ ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ÀÌ°ø°è ¹Ú»ç ÇÐÀ§ ÃëµæÀÚ ¼ö¿¡ À־ Áõ°¡¿Í °¨¼Ò°¡ ¹Ýº¹µÇ´Â Çö»óÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»¹Ç·Î, ¨ê´Â µµÇ¥ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. (±¸¹®) _What is noticeable_ is [ _that_ since the early 1990s, all four countries have consistently showed a steady increase in the number of U.S. S & E doctoral degree recipients].: ¼±Çà»ç¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ °ü°è´ë¸í»ç WhatÀÌ À̲ô´Â ¸í»çÀýÀÌ ¹®ÀåÀÇ ÁÖ¾î·Î ¾²¿´°í, Á¢¼Ó»ç thatÀÌ À̲ô´Â ¸í»çÀýÀÌ º¸¾î·Î ¾²ÀÎ ±¸¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ¡®ÁÖ¸ñÇÒ ¸¸ÇÑ °ÍÀº ~¶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù¡¯·Î Çؼ®ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * S&E: ÀÌ°ø°è(= Science and Engineering) * doctoral: ¹Ú»çÀÇ, ¹Ú»ç ÇÐÀ§°¡ ÀÖ´Â * recipient: ÃëµæÀÚ, ¼ö·ÉÀÎ * institution: (´ëÇС¤ÀºÇà µî°ú °°ÀÌ Æ¯Á¤ ¸ñÀûÀ» Áö´Ñ ´ë±Ô¸ð) ±â°ü(´Üü, Çùȸ) * catch up to: ~À» µû¶óÀâ´Ù * doctorate: ¹Ú»ç ÇÐÀ§ * consistently: ÀÏ°üÇÏ¿©, Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î * barrier: (³Ñ±â Èûµç) º®(ÇÑ°è) 21. Çؼ®: À§ ±×·¡ÇÁ´Â 1971³â°ú 2007³âÀÇ Àü·Â »ý»êÀÇ ¿¡³ÊÁö¿ø¿¡ µû¸¥ ºñÀ²À» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. ±×·¡ÇÁ¿¡ µû¸£¸é 1971³â°ú 2007³â ¸ðµÎ Àü·Â »ý»êÀÇ ÁÖµÈ ¿¡³ÊÁö¿øÀº ¼®Åº°ú ÅäźÀ̾ú´Âµ¥, Àüü Àü·Â »ý»êÀÇ 40ÆÛ¼¾Æ® ÀÌ»óÀ» Â÷ÁöÇß´Ù. ¼®À¯´Â Àü·Â »ý»ê¿¡¼­ °¡Àå Å« °¨¼Ò¸¦ º¸¿©ÁÖ¾ú´Âµ¥, 1971³â 20.9ÆÛ¼¾Æ®¿¡¼­ 2007³â 5.6ÆÛ¼¾Æ®·Î ¶³¾îÁ³´Ù. °¡Àå Å« Áõ°¡¸¦ º¸¿©ÁØ ¿¡³Ê 97ÂÊ Áö¿øÀº ¿øÀÚ·ÂÀ̾ú´Âµ¥, 1971³â 2.1ÆÛ¼¾Æ®¿¡¼­ 2007³â 13.8ÆÛ¼¾Æ®·Î ¿Ã¶ó°¬´Ù. 1971³â¿¡ ¼ö·ÂÀº µÎ ¹ø°·Î Å« Àü·Â »ý»ê ¿¡³ÊÁö¿øÀ̾úÁö¸¸, 2007³â¿¡´Â °¡½º°¡ µÎ ¹ø°·Î Å« ¿¡³ÊÁö¿øÀ̾úÀ¸¸ç, Àüü Àü·Â »ý»êÀÇ 20ÆÛ¼¾Æ® ÀÌ»óÀ» Â÷ÁöÇß´Ù. _¼®Åº°ú Åäź ¿Ü¿¡µµ, ¼ö·ÂÀº 1971³â°ú 2007³â ¸ðµÎ¿¡¼­ Àüü Àü·Â »ý»êÀÇ 20ÆÛ¼¾Æ® ÀÌ»óÀ» Â÷ÁöÇÑ À¯ÀÏÇÑ ¿¡³ÊÁö¿øÀ̾ú´Ù._ (Çؼ³) ¼ö·Â¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¹ßÀüÀº 1971³â¿¡ 23ÆÛ¼¾Æ®¿´À¸³ª 2007³â¿¡´Â 15.6ÆÛ¼¾Æ®·Î 20ÆÛ¼¾Æ®¿¡ ¸ø ¹ÌÃÆ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¼ö·ÂÀÌ 1971³â°ú 2007³â ¸ðµÎ¿¡¼­ Àüü Àü·Â »ý»êÀÇ 20ÆÛ¼¾Æ® ÀÌ»óÀ» Â÷ÁöÇß´Ù°í ÇÑ ¨ë´Â µµÇ¥ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. (±¸¹®) According to the graphs, _the primary source_ of electricity generation in both 1971 and 2007 _was_ coal and peat, 46^^_accounting for over 40% of the total electricity generation_.: ¹®ÀåÀÇ ÁÖ¾î´Â the primary sourceÀÌ°í was°¡ µ¿»çÀÌ´Ù. accounting for ¡¦ generationÀº ºÐ»ç±¸¹®À¸·Î ¾Õ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â coal and peat°¡ Àǹ̻óÀÇ ÁÖ¾îÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * generation: »ý¼º, ¹ß»ý * peat: Åäź * account for: ~À» Â÷ÁöÇÏ´Ù * hydro: ¼ö·Â Àü±â 22. Çؼ®: À§ ±×·¡ÇÁ´Â 2008³â ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­ ÁÖ¾îÁø ¿©¼¸ °¡Áö ½ºÆ÷Ã÷¿¡ À־ °íµîÇб³ Âü°¡ÀÚ 1,000¸í ´ç ÇÁ·Î ¼±¼öµéÀÇ ¼ö¿Í Æò»ý ¼öÀÔÀÇ Áß¾Ó°ªÀ» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. ³ó±¸´Â °¡Àå ³ôÀº Æò»ý ¼öÀÔ Áß¾Ó°ªÀ» °¡Á³°í ÇÏÅ°´Â 1,000¸íÀÇ °íµîÇб³ Âü°¡ÀÚ ´ç °¡Àå ¸¹Àº ¼öÀÇ ÇÁ·Î ¼±¼öµéÀ» °¡Á³´Ù. Ã౸´Â °¡Àå ³·Àº Æò»ý ¼öÀÔ Áß¾Ó°ª°ú 1,000¸íÀÇ °íµîÇб³ Âü°¡ÀÚ ´ç °¡Àå ÀûÀº ¼öÀÇ ÇÁ·Î ¼±¼öµéÀ» °¡Á³´Ù. 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(±¸¹®) ¡¦ the result exceeds the percentage of Sites Dedicated to a Specific Area _by_ ten percent.: ÀüÄ¡»ç by´Â Á¤µµ¡¤Â÷À̸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»¾î ¡®~ÀÇ Â÷(ÀÌ)·Î, ~¸¸Å­¡¯À¸·Î Çؼ®ÇÑ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * preferred: ¼±Ãë±Ç ÀÖ´Â, ¿ì¼±ÀÇ * combine: °áÇÕ½ÃÅ°´Ù * exceed: ~º¸´Ù Å©´Ù, ÃÊ°úÇÏ´Ù 24. Çؼ®: À§ÀÇ ±×·¡ÇÁ´Â 2000³â¿¡¼­ 2001³â, 2002³â¿¡¼­ 2003³â, ±×¸®°í 2004³â¿¡¼­ 2005³â±îÁö ij³ª´ÙÀÇ ½Ã°ñ Áö¿ª°ú µµ½Ã Áö¿ª¿¡¼­ Ãâ»ýºÎÅÍ 5¼¼±îÁöÀÇ ¾Æµ¿µé Áß Ãµ½ÄÀ¸·Î Áø´ÜÀ» ¹ÞÀº ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÇ ³²³àº° ºñÀ²À» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. ½Ã°ñ°ú µµ½Ã Áö¿ª ¸ðµÎ¿¡¼­, õ½ÄÀ¸·Î Áø´Ü¹ÞÀº ³²ÀÚ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÇ ºñÀ²ÀÌ Àüü ±â°£ µ¿¾È¿¡ ¿©ÀÚ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÇ ºñÀ²º¸´Ù ´õ ³ô¾Ò´Ù. Àü ±â°£ µ¿¾È, õ½ÄÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ³²ÀÚ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÇ ºñÀ²Àº ½Ã°ñ Áö¿ª¿¡¼­º¸´Ù µµ½Ã Áö¿ª¿¡¼­ ´õ ³ô¾Ò´Ù. 98ÂÊ _õ½ÄÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ¿©ÀÚ¾ÆÀ̵鿡 °üÇؼ­´Â, µµ½Ã Áö¿ª¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ³·Àº ºñÀ²ÀÌ ½Ã°ñ Áö¿ªÀÇ °¡Àå ³ôÀº ºñÀ²º¸´Ùµµ ´õ Å©´Ù._ µµ½Ã Áö¿ª¿¡¼­´Â, 2004³â¿¡¼­ 2005³â »çÀÌ¿¡ õ½ÄÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ³²ÀÚ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÇ ºñÀ²ÀÌ 2000³â°ú 2001³â »çÀÌ¿¡ õ½ÄÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ³²ÀÚ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÇ ±×°Íº¸´Ù ´õ ³·´Ù. ½Ã°ñ Áö¿ª¿¡¼­´Â, õ½ÄÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ¿©ÀÚ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÇ ºñÀ²ÀÌ 2002³â¿¡¼­ 2003³â, ±×¸®°í 2004³â¿¡¼­ 2005³â±îÁö¿Í °°¾Ò´Ù. (Çؼ³) õ½ÄÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ¿©ÀÚ ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÇ °æ¿ì µµ½Ã¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ³·Àº ºñÀ²Àº 6.3ÆÛ¼¾Æ®(2004 ¡¦ 2005)·Î ½Ã°ñ¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ³ôÀº ºñÀ²ÀÎ 7.1ÆÛ¼¾Æ® (2000 ¡¦ 2001)º¸´Ù ´õ ³·´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ¨éÀº µµÇ¥ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. (±¸¹®) In urban areas, the percentage of male children with asthma in the 2004?2005 period was lower than _that_ of male children with asthma in the 2000?2001 period.: ºñ±³ ´ë»óÀÇ ÀÏÄ¡¸¦ À§ÇØ ´ë¸í»ç thatÀÌ ¾Õ¿¡ ³ª¿Â ¸í»ç the percentage¸¦ ´ë½ÅÇÏ¿© ¾²¿´´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * gender: ¼º, ¼ºº° * diagnose: Áø´ÜÇÏ´Ù * urban: µµ½ÃÀÇ * rural: ½Ã°ñÀÇ, Áö¹æÀÇ 25. Çؼ®: À§ ¸·´ë±×·¡ÇÁ´Â 2007³â°ú 2008³â¿¡ ´Ù¼¸ °³ÀÇ À¯¸íÇÑ ¼Ò¼È ¸Åü¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÀ´äÀÚÀÇ Ä£¼÷µµ¸¦ º¸¿© ÁØ´Ù. À§ ±×·¡ÇÁ¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé, 2007³â¿¡ °¡Àå Ä£¼÷Çß´ø ¼Ò¼È ¸Åü´Â ºí·Î±ëÀ̾ú´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ ÇØ¿¡, ¼Ò¼È ³×Æ®¿öÅ·ÀÌ °¡Àå Ä£¼÷ÇÑ ¼Ò¼È ¸Åü°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù. 2007³â¿¡ °¡Àå ´ú Ä£¼÷ÇÑ ¼Ò¼È ¸Åü¿´´ø ¿µ»ó ºí·Î±ëÀº 2007³â¿¡¼­ 2008³â±îÁö Áõ°¡¸¦ º¸¿© ÁÖ¾ú´ø ¼¼ ¸Åü Áß¿¡¼­ °¡Àå Å« Ä£¼÷µµÀÇ Áõ°¡¸¦ º¸¿© ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. _À§Å°½º´Â Ä£¼÷µµ¿¡ À־ 2007³â¿¡¼­ 2008³â±îÁö ÆÌij½ºÆú¸´Ù ´õ Å« °¨¼Ò¸¦ º¸¿©ÁÖ¾ú´Ù._ 2008³â¿¡ ÆÌij½ºÆðú À§Å°½º´Â °¡Àå ´ú Ä£¼÷ÇÑ ¼Ò¼È ¸Åü¿´´Ù. (Çؼ³) ±×·¡ÇÁ¸¦ º¸¸é 2007³â¿¡¼­ 2008³â±îÁö ÆÌij½ºÆÃÀÇ Ä£¼÷µµ°¡ À§Å°½ºº¸´Ù ´õ Å« °¨¼Ò°¡ ÀÖ¾úÀ½À» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ¨ê´Â µµÇ¥ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. (±¸¹®) _Video blogging_, which was the least familiar social media in 2007, _showed_ the biggest increase in familiarity among the three media _that_ showed an increase from 2007 to 2008.: showedÀÇ ÁÖ¾î´Â Video bloggingÀÌ´Ù. that showed ¡¦ 2008Àº the three media¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â °ü°è´ë¸í»çÀýÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * familiarity: Ä£¼÷ÇÔ * respondent: ÀÀ´äÀÚ * prominent: À¯¸íÇÑ, µÎµå·¯Áø 26. Çؼ®: À§ ±×·¡ÇÁ´Â 1990³â ÀÌÈÄÀÇ ¼¼°èÀÇ ´ë·úº° Àα¸ Áõ°¡¿Í »ê¸² ¼Õ½ÇÀÇ ºñÀ²À» º¸¿©ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«´Â °¡Àå ³ôÀº Àα¸ Áõ°¡À²À» º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â ¹Ý¸é¿¡, À¯·´Àº °¡Àå ³·Àº Àα¸ Áõ°¡À²À» º¸¿©ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«´Â ¶ÇÇÑ °¡Àå ³ôÀº »ê¸² ¼Õ½Ç·üÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ°í Àִµ¥, ´ÙÀ½À¸·Î ¶óƾ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«, ¿À¼¼¾Æ´Ï¾Æ, ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ¿Í ºÏ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«°¡ µÚµû¸£°í ÀÖ´Ù. »ê¸²ÀÇ Áõ°¡·Î Çؼ®µÇ´Â ¸¶À̳ʽº »ê¸² ¼Õ½Ç·üÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Â À¯ÀÏÇÑ ´ë·úÀº À¯·´ÀÌ´Ù. _ÁÖ¸ñÇÒ Á¡Àº ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ¿Í ¿À¼¼¾Æ´Ï¾Æ´Â ºñ½ÁÇÑ Àα¸ Áõ°¡À²À» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â ¹Ý¸é¿¡, ¿À¼¼¾Æ´Ï¾Æ°¡ ¾Æ½Ã¾Æº¸´Ù ´õ ÀûÀº »ê¸² ¼Õ½ÇÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù._ ÀüüÀûÀ¸·Î, µÎ ´ë·ú¸¸ÀÌ »ê¸² ¼Õ½Ç·üÀÌ 5ÆÛ¼¾Æ®°¡ ³Ñ´Â´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¿À¼¼¾Æ´Ï¾Æ°¡ ¾Æ½Ã¾Æº¸´Ù ´õ ³ôÀº »ê¸² ¼Õ½Ç·üÀ» º¸ÀÌ°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¨ê´Â µµÇ¥ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. (±¸¹®) Overall, there are only two continents _whose_ percentage of forest loss is greater than five percent.: °ü°è´ë¸í»ç whoseÀÇ ¼±Çà»ç´Â two continentsÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * loss: ¼Õ½Ç * exhibit: º¸¿©ÁÖ´Ù, Àü½ÃÇÏ´Ù * translate: Çؼ®µÇ´Ù * note: ÁÖ¸ñ * display: ³ªÅ¸³»´Ù 27. Çؼ®: À§ÀÇ ±×·¡ÇÁ´Â 1960³âºÎÅÍ 1999³â±îÁöÀÇ ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ÃÑ»ý»êÀÇ Áõ°¡À²À» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. ÃÑ»ý»êÀÇ Áõ°¡À²Àº ±Ù·Î½Ã°£ ¼öÀÇ Áõ°¡À²°ú ³ëµ¿ »ý»ê¼ºÀÇ Áõ°¡À²À» ´õÇÑ °Í°ú °°´Ù. 1960?1969³â ±â°£Àº ±×·¡ÇÁ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç ±â°£ÀÇ ÃÑ»ý»ê Áõ°¡À² Áß¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ³ôÀº Áõ°¡À²À» º¸¿´´Ù. ÃÑ»ý»ê Áõ°¡À²Àº 1960?1969³â ±â°£ºÎÅÍ 1980?1989³â ±â°£±îÁö °¨¼ÒÇß´Ù. ±Ù·Î½Ã°£ ¼öÀÇ Áõ°¡À²ÀÌ ³ëµ¿ »ý»ê¼º Áõ°¡À²À» ÃÊ°úÇÑ À¯ÀÏÇÑ ±â°£Àº 1980?1989³â ±â°£À̾ú´Ù. 1990?1994³â ±â°£Àº ÃÑ»ý»ê Áõ°¡À²¿¡ À־ 1980?1989³â ±â°£À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ »ó½ÂÀ» º¸¿´´Ù. _1995?1999³â ±â°£Àº ¸ðµç ±â°£ Áß¿¡¼­ µÎ ¹ø°·Î ³ôÀº ÃÑ»ý»ê Áõ°¡À²°ú °¡Àå Å« ³ëµ¿ »ý»ê¼º Áõ°¡À²À» º¸¿´´Ù._ (Çؼ³) 1995?1999³â ±â°£ÀÇ ÃÑ»ý»ê Áõ°¡À²ÀÌ ¸ðµç ±â°£ Áß µÎ ¹ø°ÀÎ °ÍÀº ¸ÂÁö¸¸, ³ëµ¿ »ý»ê¼ºÀº 2.22ÆÛ¼¾Æ®À̹ǷΠ°¡Àå Å« Áõ°¡À²Àº ¾Æ´Ï¾úÀ½À» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¨ë´Â µµÇ¥ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ±× ±â°£ÀÇ °¡Àå Å« Áõ°¡À²Àº ±Ù·Î½Ã°£ ¼öÀÇ Áõ°¡À²(2.15%)ÀÌ´Ù. (±¸¹®) _The only period_ where the growth rate in the number of hours worked exceeded the labor productivity growth rate _was_ the 1980?1989 period.: ÁÖ¾îÀÎ The only period´Â °ü°èºÎ»ç where°¡ À̲ô´Â Àý(where ¡¦ rate)¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¼ö½ÄÀ» ¹Þ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, µ¿»ç´Â wasÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * output: »ý»ê * be equal to: ~¿Í µ¿µîÇÏ´Ù * labor: ³ëµ¿ * productivity: »ý»ê¼º * display: ³ªÅ¸³»´Ù * decline: °¨¼ÒÇÏ´Ù, ¶³¾îÁö´Ù 99ÂÊ * exceed: ÃÊ°úÇÏ´Ù 28. Çؼ®: À§¿¡ Àִ ǥ´Â ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ ÁøÇà À¯ÇüÀ¸·Î ºÐ·ùµÈ ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ±³¼ö¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ 24½Ã°£ ÀÌÈÄÀÇ Æò±Õ ±â¾ï º¸À¯·ÂÀÇ ºñÀ²À» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. Æò±Õ ±â¾ï º¸À¯·ÂÀÇ ºñÀ²Àº ÇǶó¹ÌµåÀÇ ¸Ç À§¿¡¼­ ¹Ù´ÚÀ¸·Î °¥¼ö·Ï Áõ°¡ÇÑ´Ù. ÇǶó¹ÌµåÀÇ ¸Ç À§¿¡´Â 5ÆÛ¼¾Æ®ÀÇ Æò±Õ ±â¾ï º¸À¯·ÂÀ» º¸ÀÎ °­ÀÇ ±³¼ö¹ýÀÌ ÀÖ°í 10ÆÛ¼¾Æ®ÀÇ ±â¾ï º¸À¯·ÂÀ» º¸ÀÎ µ¶¼­ ±³¼ö¹ýÀÌ ±× µÚ¸¦ µû¶ú´Ù. ±¸µÎ ½Ã°¢ÀûÀÎ ÁøÇà À¯ÇüÀ» »ìÆì º¸¸é, ½Ãû°¢ ±³¼ö¹ý¿¡¼­ ½Ã¹ü½Ä ±³¼ö¹ý ±×¸®°í Áý´Ü Åä·Ð½Ä ±³¼ö¹ý ÂÊÀ¸·Î Æò±Õ ±â¾ï º¸À¯·Â ºñÀ²ÀÌ Áõ°¡ÇÑ´Ù. Çൿ ¿µ¿ªÀÇ ÁøÇà °úÁ¤¿¡ ¼ÓÇÏ´Â ½ÇÁ¦ ¿¬½À ±³¼ö¹ý°ú ´Ù¸¥ ÇлýÀÇ Áöµµ ¹× ÇнÀÀÇ Áï°¢ÀûÀÎ È°¿ë°ú °°Àº ±³¼ö¹ýµéÀº °¢°¢ 75ÆÛ¼¾Æ®¿Í 90ÆÛ¼¾Æ®ÀÇ Æò±Õ ±â¾ï º¸À¯·ÂÀ» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. _´Ù¸¥ ÇлýÀÇ Áöµµ ¹× ÇнÀÀÇ Áï°¢ÀûÀÎ È°¿ë ±³¼ö¹ýÀÇ Æò±Õ ±â¾ï º¸À¯·Â ºñÀ²Àº ½Ã¹ü ±³¼ö¹ýÀÇ 4¹èÀÌ´Ù._ (Çؼ³) ´Ù¸¥ ÇлýÀÇ Áöµµ ¹× ÇнÀÀÇ Áï°¢ÀûÀÎ È°¿ë ±³¼ö¹ýÀº 90ÆÛ¼¾Æ®ÀÇ Æò±Õ ±â¾ï º¸À¯·ÂÀ» º¸À̹ǷΠ4¹è°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó 3¹è°¡ ¸Â´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ¨ë´Â µµÇ¥ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. (±¸¹®) * The above diagram shows the average retention rate of learning after 24 hours for various instructional methods _which_ are categorized into different processing types.: °ü°è´ë¸í»ç which°¡ À̲ô´Â Çü¿ë»çÀýÀÌ various instructional methods¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. * _The instructional methods_, Practice by Doing and Teach Others/Immediate Use of Learning, 46^^_belonging to the processing type of Doing, result_ in 75% and 90% average retention, respectively.: belonging ¡¦ DoingÀº ºÐ»ç±¸¹®À¸·Î Àǹ̻óÀÇ ÁÖ¾î´Â Practice by Doing and Teach Others/Immediate Use of LearningÀÌ´Ù. ÁÖ¾î The instructional methods¿¡ ¿¬°áµÇ´Â ¹®ÀåÀÇ µ¿»ç´Â resultÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * instructional method: ±³¼ö¹ý * categorize: ºÐ·ùÇÏ´Ù * processing type: ÁøÇà À¯Çü * bottom: ¹Ù´Ú * result in: ±× °á°ú ~°¡ µÇ´Ù * audiovisual: ½Ãû°¢ÀûÀÎ * demonstration: ½Ã¹ü, ½Ç¿¬ * discussion: Åä·Ð * respectively: °¢°¢ 29. Çؼ®: À§ÀÇ Ç¥´Â ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ Çг⺰ Çлý ±×·ì°ú ±³»çµéÀÇ ÁÖ) ´ÜÀ§ ±â¼ú Á¦Ç° »ç¿ë¿¡¼­ÀÇ Â÷À̸¦ º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. ÇлýµéÀÇ Çг⠱׷ìÀÌ ¿Ã¶ó°¨¿¡ µû¶ó ±â¼ú Á¦Ç°ÀÇ »ç¿ë ºñÀ²µµ ¶ÇÇÑ Áõ°¡ÇÑ´Ù. _¸ðµç ¼¼ Çг⠱׷쿡¼­ Ź»ó¿ë ÄÄÇ»ÅÍÀÇ »ç¿ëÀÌ °¡Àå ¸¹À¸¸ç, ¹Ù·Î ´ÙÀ½À¸·Î ºñµð¿À °ÔÀÓ±âÀÇ »ç¿ëÀÌ µÚµû¸¥´Ù._ ÈÞ´ëÆù¿¡ À־´Â À¯Ä¡¿ø¿¡¼­ 3Çгâ±îÁöÀÇ ±×·ìÀÇ 39% ÇлýÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ÇÑÆí, 4~6Çгâ°ú 7~12Çг⠱׷ìÀº °¢°¢ 49%¿Í 75%ÀÇ ÇлýÀÌ ÈÞ´ëÆùÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. Ź»ó¿ë°ú ÈÞ´ë¿ë ÄÄÇ»ÅÍÀÇ »ç¿ë¿¡¼­ ±³»çµéÀÌ ¼¼ ±×·ìÀÇ Çлýµéº¸´Ù ´õ ¸¹Àº ºñÀ²À» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. ±³»çµéÀº MP3 Ç÷¹À̾î¿Í ºñµð¿À °ÔÀÓ±âÀÇ »ç¿ë¿¡¼­ ¼¼ ±×·ìÀÇ Çлýµéº¸´Ù ³·Àº ºñÀ²À» Â÷ÁöÇÑ´Ù. (Çؼ³) 7~12Çг⠱׷쿡¼­ Ź»ó¿ë ÄÄÇ»ÅÍÀÇ »ç¿ë ºñÀ² ´ÙÀ½À¸·Î ÈÞ´ëÆù »ç¿ë ºñÀ²(75%)ÀÌ ³ôÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¸ðµç Çг⠱׷쿡¼­ Ź»ó¿ë ÄÄÇ»ÅÍÀÇ »ç¿ë ´ÙÀ½À¸·Î ºñµð¿À °ÔÀÓ±âÀÇ »ç¿ë ºñÀ²ÀÌ ³ô´Ù°í Áø¼úÇÑ ¨è´Â µµÇ¥ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. (±¸¹®) The percentage of desktop computer use is the highest, immediately 46^^_followed by that of video game player use by all three student groups.: followed ¡¦ groups_´Â ¾Õ¿¡ beingÀÌ »ý·«µÈ ºÐ»ç±¸¹®À¸·Î, Àǹ̻óÀÇ ÁÖ¾î´Â The percentage of desktop computer useÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * on a weekly basis: ÁÖ ´ÜÀ§·Î * be followed by: ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ~ÀÌ À̾îÁø´Ù * with respect to: ~¿¡ °üÇÏ¿© 30. Çؼ®: À§ÀÇ µµÇ¥´Â 1970³âºÎÅÍ 2006³â±îÁö 3?19¼¼ Àα¸ÀÇ ¿¬·É Áý´Ü¿¡ µû¸¥ ÀÔÇзüÀÇ º¯È­¸¦ º¸¿© ÁØ´Ù. ¸ðµç ¿¬·ÉÀÇ ÀÔÇзüÀº 2006³â¿¡ 50ÆÛ¼¾Æ® ÀÌ»óÀ̾ú´Ù. _¸ðµç ¿¬·É Áý´Ü Áß¿¡¼­, µµÇ¥¿¡¼­ ´Ù·é Àüü ±â°£ µ¿¾È 7?13¼¼ û¼Ò³âÀÇ ÀÔÇзüÀÌ °¡Àå ³ô¾Ò´Ù. ¸ðµç ¿¬·É Áý´Ü Áß¿¡¼­, 5?6¼¼ ¾î¸°ÀÌÀÇ ÀÔÇзüÀº 1970³âºÎÅÍ 2006³â±îÁö °¡Àå ¸¹ÀÌ Áõ°¡Çß´Ù._ 1980³âºÎÅÍ 1990±îÁö ÀÔÇзüÀÇ Àü¹ÝÀûÀÎ º¯È­´Â 18?19¼¼ÀÇ Ã»¼Ò³âº¸´Ù 14?17¼¼ û¼Ò³âÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡ ´õ Àû¾ú´Ù. Àüü ¿¬·É Áý´Ü Áß¿¡¼­ 3?4¼¼ ¾î¸°ÀÌÀÇ ¸Å³â ÀÔÇзüÀÌ °¡Àå ³·´Ù. (Çؼ³) 1970³âºÎÅÍ 2006³â±îÁö ¿¬·É Áý´Ü¿¡ µû¸¥ ÀÔÇзüÀÇ º¯È­¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½ ±×·¡ÇÁ¸¦ ¹¦»çÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ±Û·Î, 5?6¼¼ ¾î¸°ÀÌÀÇ ÀÔÇзüÀº °ÅÀÇ º¯È­°¡ ¾øÀ¸¸ç, °¡Àå ¸¹ÀÌ Áõ°¡ÇÑ ¿¬·É Áý´ÜÀº 3?4¼¼ ¾î¸°ÀÌÀ̹ǷÎ, ¨éÀº µµÇ¥ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. (±¸¹®) ¡¦ the enrollment rate for youth ages 7?13 was the highest during the entire period _covered_ by the graph.: covered´Â period¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇØ ÁÖ´Â °ú°ÅºÐ»çÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * enrollment rate: ÀÔÇзü, ÃëÇзü * age group: ¿¬·É Áý´Ü * entire: ÀüüÀÇ, ÀüºÎÀÇ * period: ±â°£, µ¿¾È, ÁÖ±â * cover: ´Ù·ç´Ù, Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Ù, µ¤´Ù * overall: Àü¹ÝÀûÀÎ, ÃÑüÀûÀÎ 100ÂÊ 31. Çؼ®: À§ ±×·¡ÇÁ´Â 1999³â¿¡¼­ 2007³â »çÀÌÀÇ ±¹Á¦ Ç×°ø »ê¾÷ÀÇ ¼±À¸·Î Ç¥½ÃµÈ ¡®¿µ¾÷ÀÌÀ±¡¯°ú ¸·´ë·Î Ç¥½ÃµÈ ¡®¼øÀÌÀÍ¡¯À» º¸¿© ÁØ´Ù. 1999³â¿¡ ¿µ¾÷ÀÌÀ±Àº ÃÖ°íÁ¡¿¡ µµ´ÞÇß´Ù. 1999³â ÀÌ·¡, ¿µ¾÷ÀÌÀ±Àº 2001³â±îÁö °¨¼ÒÇßÀ¸¸ç ±× ´ÙÀ½¿¡ °è¼Ó Áõ°¡Çß´Ù. _2001³âºÎÅÍ 2003³â±îÁöÀÇ ¿µ¾÷ ÀÌÀ±Àº ¸¶À̳ʽº¿´À¸¸ç 2002³â¿¡ ÃÖÀú¿´´Ù._ 2007³âÀÇ ¿µ¾÷ÀÌÀ±Àº 1999³âº¸´Ù ³ôÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¼øÀÌÀÍÀº 1999³â¿¡ ÃÖ°í¿´À¸¸ç 2001³â¿¡ ÃÖÀú¿´´Ù. 2001³â¿¡¼­ 2006³â¿¡ À̸£´Â ±â°£ µ¿¾È ¼øÀÌÀÍÀº ¸¶À̳ʽº¿´´Ù. (Çؼ³) ±×·¡ÇÁ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¼±À» º¸¸é ¿µ¾÷ÀÌÀ±ÀÌ ÃÖÀúÁ¡¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÑ ¶§´Â 2002³âÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó 2001³âÀ̾úÀ¸¹Ç·Î, 2002³âÀ» ÃÖÀúÁ¡À¸·Î ¾ð±ÞÇÑ ¨éÀº µµÇ¥ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. (±¸¹®) The operating margin was negative from 2001 to 2003, 46^^_being the lowest in 2002_.: being ¡¦ 2002´Â ºÐ»ç±¸¹®À¸·Î Àǹ̻óÀÇ ÁÖ¾î´Â The operating marginÀ̸ç, and wasÀÇ ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * operating margin: ¿µ¾÷ÀÌÀ± * net profit: ¼øÀÌÀÍ * bar: ¸·´ë±â, ¸·´ë * negative: ¸¶À̳ʽºÀÇ * period: ±â°£ 32. Çؼ®: À§ Ç¥´Â 2003³âµµ 4°³ ±¹°¡º° ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ Àç¹è ¹æ½Ä ´ëºñ À¯ÀüÀÚ º¯Çü ¸éÈ­ Àç¹è ¹æ½ÄÀÇ °æÁ¦Àû ÀÌÁ¡À» º¸¿© ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¸ðµç ±¹°¡¿¡¼­ À¯ÀüÀÚ º¯Çü ÀÛ¹° Á¾ÀÚ °¡°ÝÀº ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ ÀÛ¹°ÀÇ ±×°Íº¸´Ù ´õ ³ô¾Ò´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ´õ ³·Àº »ìÃæÁ¦ °¡°Ý, ´õ ³ôÀº »êÃâ·®, ´õ ³ôÀº ÃѼöÀÍÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ À¯ÀüÀÚ º¯Çü ÀÛ¹°Àº ´õ ¸¹Àº ÀÌÀ±À» ³Â´Ù. ÀÌÀ±À²Àº ³ª¶ó¸¶´Ù ´Ù¸£´Ù. ¾Æ¸£ÇîƼ³ª¿¡¼­´Â ÀüÅë ÀÛ¹° ´ëºñ À¯ÀüÀÚ º¯Çü ÀÛ¹° Á¾ÀÚ °¡°Ý ºñÀ²ÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ ±¹°¡µéÀÇ ±×°Íº¸´Ù ´õ ³ô¾Ò´Ù. _³²¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«°øÈ­±¹¿¡¼­´Â ÀüÅë ÀÛ¹° ´ëºñ À¯ÀüÀÚ º¯Çü ÀÛ¹°ÀÇ ÀÌÀ±À²ÀÌ °¡Àå ³ô¾Ò°í, Áß±¹ÀÌ ±× µÚ¸¦ µû¶ú´Ù._ ÀüÅë ÀÛ¹°°ú ºñ±³ÇØ º¼ ¶§, ¸ß½ÃÄÚÀÇ À¯ÀüÀÚ º¯Çü ÀÛ¹°Àº »êÃâ·®°ú ÀÌÀ± ºÎ¹®¿¡¼­ ±¹°¡µé »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ³·Àº ºñÀ²À» ±â·ÏÇß´Ù. (Çؼ³) ³²¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«°øÈ­±¹ÀÇ ÀÌÀ±À²Àº 299ÆÛ¼¾Æ®ÀÌ°í Áß±¹ÀÇ ÀÌÀ±À²Àº 340ÆÛ¼¾Æ®À̹ǷÎ, ¨ê´Â µµÇ¥ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. Áß±¹ÀÌ °¡Àå ³ô°í ±× ´ÙÀ½ÀÌ ³²¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«°øÈ­±¹À̶ó°í ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (±¸¹®) ¡¦ Mexico's crop produced the lowest ratios in yield and profit _as/it was compared_ to the conventional one.: as°¡ À̲ô´Â ºÎ»çÀýÀÇ ÁÖ¾îÀÎ it(=Mexico's crop)°ú µ¿»ç(was)°¡ »ý·«µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * transgenic: ÀÌ½Ä À¯ÀüÀÚÀÇ * conventional: ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ * yield: ¼öÈ®·® * profitable: À̵æÀÌ µÇ´Â * ratio: ºñ, ºñÀ² 33. Çؼ®: À§ÀÇ µµÇ¥´Â 2006³â 55¼¼¿¡¼­ 79¼¼ »çÀÌÀÇ ³²¼º°ú ¿©¼º ±¸Á÷ÀÚµéÀÌ °¡Àå ¼±È£ÇÏ´Â ´Ù¼¸ °³ÀÇ ¿ä¼Ò¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³» ÁØ´Ù. ¡®±Þ¿©¡¯°¡ ÀÌ ¿¬·É´ë¿¡¼­ ³²¼º°ú ¿©¼º ¸ðµÎ¿¡°Ô °¡Àå ¼±È£µÇ´Â ¿ä¼ÒÀÌ´Ù. ³²¼º¿¡ °üÇؼ­´Â, ¡®¾ÈÁ¤¼º¡¯ÀÌ Á÷¾÷ ¼±Åà ½Ã µÎ ¹ø°·Î °¡Àå ¼±È£µÇ´Â ¿ä¼ÒÀÌ´Ù. ¿©¼º¿¡ °üÇؼ­´Â, ±¸Á÷¿¡ À־ ¡®ÀÛ¾÷·®°ú ½Ã°£¡¯ÀÌ ¡®¾ÈÁ¤¼º¡¯º¸´Ù ´õ ¼±È£µÇ¾ú´Ù. _¡®°ú°Å °æ·Â¡¯¿¡ ±Ù°ÅÇØ Á÷¾÷À» ¼±ÅÃÇÏ·Á´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ¿©¼ºÀÇ ºñÀ²Àº ³²¼ºÀÇ ºñÀ²º¸´Ù ³ô´Ù._ ¡®Åë±Ù¡¯Àº ³²¼º°ú ¿©¼º µÑ ´Ù¿¡°Ô ÃÖ»óÀ§ ´Ù¼¸ °³ÀÇ ¿ä¼Òµé Áß¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ´ú °í·ÁµÇ´Â ¿ä¼ÒÀÌÁö¸¸ ±×°ÍÀº ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ³²¼º¿¡°Ôº¸´Ù ¿©¼º¿¡°Ô ´õ ¼±È£µÇ´Â ¿ä¼ÒÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¡®°ú°Å °æ·Â¡¯¿¡ ±Ù°ÅÇØ Á÷¾÷À» ¼±ÅÃÇÏ·Á´Â °æÇâÀº ¿©¼ºÀº 6.1ÆÛ¼¾Æ®ÀÌ°í ³²¼ºÀº 9.9ÆÛ¼¾Æ®À̹ǷΠ¡®°ú°Å °æ·Â¡¯¿¡ ±Ù°ÅÇØ Á÷¾÷À» ¼±ÅÃÇÏ·Á´Â ¿©¼ºÀÇ ºñÀ²Àº ³²¼ºÀÇ ±×°Íº¸´Ù ³ô´Ù´Â ¨ê´Â µµÇ¥ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. (±¸¹®) _The percentage_ of women who tend to choose a job based on ¡®past experience¡¯ _is_ higher than that of men.: ¹®ÀåÀÇ ÁÖ¾î´Â The percentageÀÌ¸ç µ¿»ç´Â isÀÌ´Ù. womenÀº °ü°è»çÀý who ¡¦ experience¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¼ö½ÄÀ» ¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * chart: µµÇ¥ * payment: º¸¼ö * sustainability: Áö¼Ó(À¯Áö) °¡´É¼º * workload: Ç¥ÁØ ÀÛ¾÷·® * commuting: Åë±Ù, Åë±Ù°Å¸® 34. Çؼ®: À§ÀÇ ±×·¡ÇÁ´Â 2005³â¿¡ ÇàÇØÁø È£ÁÖ ÀþÀºÀ̵éÀÇ ¿¬·É´ëº° Á¶¾ðó¿¡ °üÇÑ Á¶»çÀÇ °á°ú¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. Ä£±¸, ºÎ¸ð, ±×¸®°í ģôµéÀÌ, ºñ·Ï ±×µéÀÇ »ó´ëÀûÀÎ Á߿伺Àº ¿¬·É¿¡ µû¶ó ´Ù¸£´Ù°í Çصµ, ¸ðµç ¿¬·É´ë¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ÈçÇÑ Á¶¾ðó¿´´Ù. ¿¬·ÉÀÌ Áõ°¡ÇÔ¿¡ µû¶ó¼­, Ä£±¸´Â Á¡Â÷ ´õ¿í Áß¿äÇÑ Á¶¾ðó°¡ µÈ ¹Ý¸é¿¡, ºÎ¸ð¿Í ģôµéÀº ´ú Áß¿äÇØÁ³´Ù. 11¼¼¿¡¼­ 14¼¼ÀÇ È£ÁÖÀεéÀº Á¶¾ð¿¡ ´ëÇØ Ä£±¸º¸´Ù ºÎ¸ð¿¡°Ô ´õ ÀÚÁÖ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÑ´Ù. 15¼¼¿¡¼­ 19¼¼ÀÇ ¾î¸° È£ÁÖÀε鿡°Ô´Â Ä£±¸°¡ °¡Àå Å« Á¶¾ðóÀÌ°í, ºÎ¸ð°¡ ±× ´ÙÀ½À̾ú´Ù. _20¼¼¿¡¼­ 24¼¼ÀÇ È£ÁÖ ÀþÀºÀ̵éÀÌ ´ëÁß ¸Åü¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÇÁ¸µµ°¡ ¼¼ ¿¬·É´ë Áß¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ³·¾Ò°í, ¹Ý¸é¿¡ ±³»ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÇÁ¸µµ´Â °¡Àå ³ô¾Ò´Ù._ (Çؼ³) 20¼¼¿¡¼­ 24¼¼ÀÇ °æ¿ì ±³»ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÇÁ¸µµ°¡ °¡Àå ³·Àº ºñÁßÀ» Â÷ÁöÇÏ°í ÀÖ°í ´ëÁß ¸Åü°¡ ¼¼ Áý´Ü¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ³ôÀº ºñÁßÀ» Â÷ÁöÇϹǷÎ, ´ëÁß ¸Åü°¡ °¡Àå ³·Àº ºñÁßÀ» Â÷ÁöÇÏ°í ÀÖ°í ±³»ç¿¡°Ô °¡Àå ³ôÀº ÀÇÁ¸µµ¸¦ º¸Àδٴ ¨ë´Â µµÇ¥ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. (±¸¹®) For young Australians aged from 15 to 19, friends was the biggest source of advice, _followed by parents_.: followed by parents´Â ¾Õ¿¡ beingÀÌ »ý·«µÈ ºÐ»ç±¸¹®À¸·Î Àǹ̻óÀÇ ÁÖ¾î´Â friendsÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * survey: Á¶»ç(ÇÏ´Ù) * conduct: ¼öÇàÇÏ´Ù, ó¸®ÇÏ´Ù, ÇൿÇÏ´Ù * source: ¿øõ, ±Ùº», Ãâó * relative: »ó´ëÀûÀÎ, ºñ±³ÀûÀÎ * progressively: Á¡ÁøÀûÀ¸·Î * turn to: ~¿¡ ÀÇÁöÇÏ´Ù * dependence: ÀÇÁö, ÀÇÁ¸ 35. Çؼ®: À§ µµÇ¥´Â 2005³â 12¿ù¿¡¼­ 2006³â 11¿ù ±îÁö Çѱ¹ ¿¬¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÇÑ ¼¶¿¡¼­ÀÇ »õÀÇ ¼ö ±×¸®°í »õ Á¾·ùÀÇ ¼ö¿¡ À־ÀÇ º¯È­¸¦ º¸¿© ÁØ´Ù. °¡Àå ¸¹Àº ¼öÀÇ »õµéÀÌ 12¿ù¿¡ °üÂûµÇ¾ú°í, °¡Àå ¸¹Àº »õ Á¾·ùµéÀÌ 5¿ù¿¡ °üÂûµÇ¾ú´Ù. 7¿ù¿¡´Â »õÀÇ ¼ö¿Í »õ Á¾·ùµé ¼ö, µÑ ´Ù °¡Àå Àû¾ú´Ù. _»õ Á¾·ù ¼öÀÇ °¡Àå Å« °¨¼Ò´Â 6¿ù¿¡¼­ 7¿ù »çÀÌ¿¡ °üÂûµÇ¾ú´Ù._ 4¿ù¿¡¼­ 7¿ù±îÁö »õµéÀÇ ¼ö´Â ²÷ÀÓ¾øÀÌ °¨¼ÒÇß´Ù. ´ëÁ¶ÀûÀ¸·Î, »õµéÀÇ ¼ö¿¡ ÀÖ¾î Áö¼ÓÀûÀÎ Áõ°¡°¡ 7¿ù¿¡¼­ 11¿ù »çÀÌ ±â·ÏµÇ¾ú´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¨éÀº ¡®»õ Á¾·ù ¼öÀÇ °¡Àå Å« °¨¼Ò´Â 6¿ù¿¡¼­ 7¿ù »çÀÌ¿¡ °üÂû µÇ¾ú´Ù.¡¯¶ó´Â ³»¿ëÀε¥, ¸·´ë±×·¡ÇÁÀÇ °¨¼Ò Â÷ÀÌ°¡ °¡Àå Å« ºÎºÐÀº 5¿ù¿¡¼­ 6¿ù »çÀÌÀ̹ǷÎ, ¨éÀº µµÇ¥ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. (±¸¹®) The chart above shows the changes in the number _of birds_ and _of bird species_ on an island ~.: ÀüÄ¡»ç±¸ÀÎ of birds¿Í of bird species´Â º´·Ä ±¸Á¶¸¦ ÀÌ·ç¸ç the number¸¦ µ¿½Ã¿¡ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * species: (»ý¹°ÀÇ) Á¾ * observe: °üÂûÇÏ´Ù * contain: Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Ù * decrease: °¨¼Ò(ÇÏ´Ù) * continuous: °è¼ÓÀûÀÎ * in contrast: ´ëÁ¶ÀûÀ¸·Î * note: ±â·ÏÇÏ´Ù 101ÂÊ ^[07°­ ¹«°üÇÑ ¹®Àå ã±â º»¹® 119~126ÂÊ 01 ¨ê 02 ¨ê 03 ¨é 04 ¨ê 05 ¨è 06 ¨ë 07 ¨é 08 ¨é 09 ¨ê 10 ¨é 11 ¨è 12 ¨ê 13 ¨ê 14 ¨ê 15 ¨ê 16 ¨é 17 ¨ê 18 ¨è 19 ¨ê 20 ¨é 21 ¨é 22 ¨é 23 ¨ê 01. Çؼ®: ÀλýÀº ·Ñ·¯ÄÚ½ºÅ͸¦ Ÿ´Â °Í°ú °°À» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿À¸£³»¸², ºü¸£°í ´À¸° ºÎºÐ, Æ¢¾î³ª¿Â ºÎºÐ°ú Èçµé¸®´Â ºÎºÐ, ±×¸®°í ½ÉÁö¾î °Å²Ù·Î µÚÁýÈú ¶§°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. ¾î¶² ¹æÇâÀ¸·Î ¼±·Î°¡(ȤÀº ÀÌ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â Àλý»ç°¡) »ç¶÷À» À̲ø¾î°¥Áö¸¦ Á¶ÀýÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ¹Ø¹Ù´Ú¿¡ ÀÖÀ» ¶§´Â ¿À·ÎÁö ¹Ù·Î ¾Õ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °Í¸¸ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸, ²À´ë±â¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÒ ¶§´Â Àüü ¸ð½ÀÀ» ÈξÀ ´õ Àß º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Ãâ¹ßÇßÀ» ¶§, ´À³¢°Ô µÇ´Â °¨Á¤À» ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌ°í Ÿ´Â °ÍÀ» Áñ±â·Á°í ³ë·ÂÇ϶ó. (¾î¸°À̵éÀ» À§ÇÑ ³îÀÌ°ø¿øÀ» ¼³°èÇÒ ¶§´Â ·Ñ·¯ÄÚ½ºÅÍÀÇ À§Ä¡¸¦ ½ÅÁßÇÏ°Ô °í·ÁÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.) ºñ·Ï óÀ½¿¡ ½ÃÀÛÇßÀ» ¶§ Ÿ´Â °ÍÀÌ Á¤¸» Àç¹ÌÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ¾øÀ»Áö¶óµµ ±×°ÍÀ» ¸¶Ä¥ ¶§ ±×·¸´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ÀλýÀº º¯È­¹«½ÖÇÏ°í ¿¹ÃøÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â »ç½Ç, ±×¸®°í ±×·¯ÇÑ ÀλýÀ» »ì¾Æ°¡´Â ¹æ½ÄÀ» ·Ñ·¯ÄÚ½ºÅÍ Å¸±â¿¡ ºñÀ¯ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ±ÛÀÌ´Ù. ¨ê´Â ³îÀÌ°ø¿øÀ» ¼³°èÇÒ ¶§ ·Ñ·¯ÄÚ½ºÅÍÀÇ À§Ä¡¸¦ ½ÅÁßÈ÷ °í·ÁÇؾßÇÑ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀ¸·Î ±ÛÀÇ È帧¿¡¼­ ¹þ¾î³­ ¹®ÀåÀÌ´Ù. (±¸¹®) When you're starting out, [ _accept_ how you feel] and [ _try_ to enjoy the ride].: µÎ °³ÀÇ [ ]´Â and¿¡ ÀÇÇØ º´·Ä ±¸Á¶·Î ¿¬°áµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. 'try£«toºÎÁ¤»ç'´Â ¡®~ÇÏ·Á°í ³ë·ÂÇÏ´Ù¡¯¸¦ ¶æÇÏ°í, 'try£«-ing'´Â ¡®½ÃÇè »ï¾Æ ~ÇØ º¸´Ù¡¯¸¦ ¶æÇÑ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * bump: Æ¢¾î³ª¿Â ºÎºÐ * shaky: Èçµé¸®´Â * upside down: °Å²Ù·Î µÚÁýÈù * location: À§Ä¡ 02. Çؼ®: ºü¸£°Ô °È±â ¿îµ¿Àº °ÅÀÇ ´©±¸³ª ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¿îµ¿ÀÇ À¯ÇüÀÌ´Ù. °È±â ÄÚ½º¸¦ ¹Ù²ÞÀ¸·Î½á °æÄ¡°¡ ¹Ù²ð ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¾ß¿Ü¿¡¼­ ½Å¼±ÇÑ °ø±â¸¦ ¸¶½Ã¸ç ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀÌ À¯ÇüÀÇ ¿îµ¿À» Áñ±ä´Ù. ±×°Ô ¾Æ´Ï¶ó¸é, ÀÌ ¿îµ¿Àº ±âÈĸ¦ ÅëÁ¦ÇÒ ¼ö Àִ ȯ°æÀÎ ½Ç³»¿¡¼­, Æ®·¹µå¹Ð À§¿¡¼­ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. »ç¶÷µéÀº ÆòÆòÇÑ ¶¥¿¡¼­ ´Ü°Å¸®·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÏ¿© °Å¸®¿Í °­µµ¸¦ Á¡Â÷ ´Ã·Á°¡¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (º¥Ä¡¿¡ ¾É¾Æ¼­ ÁÖÀÇ ±í°Ô ½Å¹®À» Àб⠽ÃÀÛÇϵµ·Ï »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô Áö½ÃÇ϶ó.) ºü¸£°Ô °È±â¸¦ ÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È¿¡, »ç¶÷µéÀº ºÎ»óÀ» ÇÇÇϱâ À§Çؼ­ ¹ß¹Ù´ÚÀÇ ¿À¸ñÇÑ ºÎºÐÀ» Àß ¶°¹ÞÃÄ ÁÖ´Â ½Å¹ßÀ» ½Å¾î¾ß ÇÏ¸ç ±âÈÄ¿¡ ¸Â´Â ¿ÊÀ» ÀÔ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ºü¸£°Ô °È±â ¿îµ¿ÀÇ ÁÁÀº Á¡°ú ÁÖÀÇ »çÇ׿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼³¸íÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ±Û·Î, º¥Ä¡¿¡ ¾É¾Æ¼­ ÁÖÀÇ ±í°Ô ½Å¹®À» Àб⠽ÃÀÛÇϵµ·Ï »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô Áö½ÃÇ϶ó´Â ³»¿ëÀÇ ¨ê´Â ±ÛÀÇ È帧¿¡¼­ ¹þ¾î³­´Ù. (±¸¹®) _While(they are) power walking_, people should wear shoes with a good arch support to avoid injury and wear clothes appropriate for the climate.: ½Ã°£ÀÇ ºÎ»çÀý¿¡¼­´Â '´ë¸í»ç ÁÖ¾î+beµ¿»ç'°¡ ÀÚÁÖ »ý·«µÇ´Âµ¥, ¿©±â¿¡¼­µµ While·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â Àý¿¡¼­ they are°¡ »ý·«µÇ¾ú´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * alternatively: ±×°Ô ¾Æ´Ï¶ó¸é, ±× ´ë½Å¿¡ * intensity: °­µµ, °­·ÄÇÔ * arch: ¹ß¹Ù´ÚÀÇ ¿À¸ñÇÑ ºÎºÐ 03. Çؼ®: ¡°ÁÁÀº Ã¥¡±Àº ±³À°ÀûÀÌ°í Çй®Àû ¼º°ø¿¡ µµ¿òÀÌ µÈ´Ù°í »ç¶÷µéÀº »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Ã¥ÀÇ Áú°ú´Â °ü°è¾øÀÌ ¹®ÀÚ ¾ð¾îÀÇ º»Áú ±× ÀÚü°¡ Çй®Àû ¼º°ú¸¦ Çâ»ó½ÃÅ°´Â µ¥ µµ¿òÀ» ÁÖ´Â °Íó·³ º¸ÀδÙ. ¿À·ÎÁö Áñ°Å¿ò¸¸À» Á¦°øÇϴ åÁ¶Â÷µµ ÇлýµéÀÇ ÀڽۨÀ» Áõ°¡½Ãų °ÍÀÌ°í, ±×µéÀÌ Çб³¿¡¼­ º¸´Ù Àü¹®ÀûÀÎ Àбâ ÀڷḦ Àеµ·Ï Á¶ÀåÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸È­, ÀâÁö, ¿Àµð¿ÀºÏ, ±×¸®°í ÀÎÅÍ³Ý »óÀÇ Èï¹Ì·Î¿î È­Á¦µéÀÌ ¶§¶§·Î ¡°ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ¡± ÀÐÀ»°Å¸®°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ °ÍÀ¸·Î °£ÁֵȴÙ. (ÇлýµéÀº »çÀü¿¡¼­ »õ·Î¿î ´Ü¾îµéÀ» ã¾Æº¸±âº¸´Ù´Â ÀÐÀ¸¸é¼­ ±×°ÍµéÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ ÃßÃøÇϵµ·Ï ³ë·ÂÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.) ÇÏÁö¸¸ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÐÀ»°Å¸®´Â ÇлýµéÀÌ ÀбâÀÇ Áñ°Å¿òÀ» ¸¸³£ÇÏ°í Á¤º¸, ±ÛÀ» ÀÐ°í ¾²´Â ±â¼ú µîÀ» ¾ò°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¡°°¡º­¿î¡± Àбâ´Â ½ÇÁ¦·Î ¸Å¿ì À¯ÀÍÇѵ¥, ±× ÀÌÀ¯´Â ±×°ÍÀÌ ³ë·ÂÀÌ µé¾î°¡Áö ¾Ê´Â ÀбâÀÌ°í, ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ÀбâÀÇ ´É¼÷ÇÔÀ» Çâ»ó½ÃÅ°±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) Ã¥ÀÇ Áú°ú´Â °ü°è¾øÀÌ Áñ°Å¿òÀ» À§ÇØ °¡º±°Ô Ã¥À» Àо Çлýµé¿¡°Ô´Â À¯ÀÍÇÏ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÇ ±ÛÀ̹ǷÎ, ÇлýµéÀÌ Ã¥À» ÀÐÀ» ¶§ »õ·Î¿î ´Ü¾îµéÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ »çÀü¿¡¼­ ã±âº¸´Ù´Â ÀÐÀ¸¸é¼­ ÃßÃøÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÇ ¨éÀº ±ÛÀÇ È帧¿¡¼­ ¹þ¾î³­´Ù. (±¸¹®) Even books _that_ provide only pleasure _will increase_ the confidence of students and _encourage_ them to try to read more technical materials in school.: thatÀº ¼±Çà»ç books¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â °ü°èÀý(that provide ¡¦ pleasure)À» À̲ô´Â ÁÖ°Ý °ü°è´ë¸í»çÀÌ´Ù. Á¶µ¿»ç will ´ÙÀ½¿¡ µ¿»ç¿øÇü increase¿Í encourage°¡ º´·Ä ±¸Á¶¸¦ ÀÌ·ç°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * regardless of: ~¿¡ »ó°ü(°ü°è)¾øÀÌ * confidence: Àڽۨ * encourage: Á¶ÀåÇÏ´Ù * look up: ~À» ã¾Æº¸´Ù * literacy: ÀÐ°í ¾²´Â ´É·Â 102ÂÊ * fluency: ´É¼÷ÇÔ, À¯Ã¢¼º 04. Çؼ®: ÇлýµéÀÌ °Þ´Â °¡Àå ÈçÇÑ µÎ·Á¿òµé Áß Çϳª°¡ »ç¶÷µé ¾Õ¿¡¼­ ¸»ÇÏ´Â µÎ·Á¿òÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ¾ú´Â°¡? ³ª´Â ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé ¾Õ¿¡¼­ ¸»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» °ÅºÎÇ߱⠶§¹®¿¡ ¿¹Àü¿¡ ¼ö¾÷¿¡¼­ ³«Á¦Á¡À» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù°í ¸»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» µéÀº ÀûÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯ÇÑ µÎ·Á¿òÀº ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×µé ÀÚ½ÅÀ̳ª ±×µéÀÇ ¹ßÇ¥¸¦ ¾î¶»°Ô ÆÇ´ÜÇÒ °ÍÀ̶ó ´À³¢´ÂÁö¿¡ ±Ù°ÅÇß´Ù. »ç¶÷µé ¾Õ¿¡¼­ ¸»ÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µÎ·Á¿òÀÌ ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº ûÁß ¼Ó¿¡ ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Á¶¿ëÈ÷ ÀڽŵéÀÇ ³ª»Û Á¡À» »ý°¢ÇÒ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ½º½º·Î¿¡°Ô Á¾Á¾ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. (¸¸¾à ±×µéÀÌ »çȸȰµ¿À» ÇÏ´Â Áß¿¡ ´õ Æí¾ÈÇØÁö±æ ¿øÇÑ´Ù¸é, ±×µéÀº ±àÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé°ú »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÀ» ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.) ÇÏÁö¸¸, »ç½ÇÀº ûÁß ¼ÓÀÇ ÀϺΠ»ç¶÷µéÀº ´ëü·Î ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¹ßÇ¥³ª ±×¹Û¿¡ ´Ù¸¥ °Í¿¡ °üÇÑ °ÆÁ¤°Å¸®¿¡ °üÇØ ¿ÂÅë »ý°¢ÇÏ°í À־ ½ÉÁö¾î ´ç½ÅÀÇ ¹ßÇ¥¸¦ µè°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù. (Çؼ³) ÇлýµéÀÌ °æÇèÇÏ´Â µÎ·Á¿òµé Áß Çϳª°¡ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé ¾Õ¿¡¼­ ¸»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̶ó´Â ³»¿ëÀε¥, ¨ê´Â ´õ ÆíÇÑ »çȸȰµ¿À» À§Çؼ­´Â ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé°ú ±àÁ¤ÀûÀ¸·Î »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÀ» ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀ̹ǷÎ, ±ÛÀÇ È帧¿¡¼­ ¹þ¾î³­´Ù. (±¸¹®) _Those who_ have a fear of public speaking often tell _themselves_ that people in the crowd will silently think bad things about them.: Those who ¡¦ (¡¦ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé)°¡ ÁÖ¾î·Î µ¿»ç tellÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î¿Í µ¿ÀÏÇϹǷÎ, Àç±Í´ë¸í»ç themselves°¡ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * presentation: ¹ßÇ¥, Ç¥Çö * relaxed: ÆíÇÑ, ±äÀåÀ» Ǭ * interact: »óÈ£ ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ´Ù * audience: ûÁß, °ü°´ * altogether: ´ëüÀûÀ¸·Î, ÀüüÀûÀ¸·Î 05. Çؼ®: »ç°ú´Â ÀÚÁÖ ½ÇÆÐÇÑ´Ù. »ç°ú°¡ ½ÇÆÐÇÏ´Â ÇÑ °¡Áö ÀÌÀ¯´Â ¡®À߸øÇÑ »ç¶÷¡¯°ú ¡®´çÇÑ »ç¶÷¡¯ÀÌ ´ë°³ »ç°ÇÀ» ´Ù¸£°Ô º¸±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ À̾߱âµéÀ» °ËÅäÇϸ鼭, ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀº Çظ¦ °¡ÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀº ¾Æ¸¶µµ ¼öÄ¡½É°ú ÁËÃ¥°¨À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ½º½º·Î¸¦ º¸È£Çϱâ À§ÇØ, À߸øÇÑ ÀÏÀ» Ãà¼ÒÇÏ·Á´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾Æ³Â´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¶ÇÇÑ ÀڽŵéÀÇ Çൿ °á°ú¸¦ ´ë´ÜÄ¡ ¾Ê°Ô »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °æÇâÀº »óó ÀÔÀº »ç¶÷ÀÇ ³ë¿©¿òÀ» ¾ÇÈ­½Ãų ¼ö Àִµ¥, »óó ÀÔÀº »ç¶÷Àº ¹Ý´ë·Î ºÒÄèÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ ÇàÀ§¸¦ ½ÇÁ¦º¸´Ù ´õ Å©°Ô º¼ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. (Áø½É ¾î¸° »ç°ú°¡ ÀÏ»óÀûÀÎ Àΰ£°ü°è¿¡¼­ Á¦¾ÈµÉ ¶§, ±×°ÍµéÀº ÇÇÇØÀÚ(»óó ÀÔÀº »ç¶÷)¿¡°Ô ¼±¶æ ¹Þ¾Æµé¿©Áö°í È­ÇØ°¡ À̾îÁø´Ù.) »óó ÀÔÀº »ç¶÷Àº ±×·¯ÇÑ ÇàÀ§¸¦ ½É°¢ÇÑ °á°ú¸¦ ¼ö¹ÝÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î, ±×¸®°í ¿ë¼­ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø°í ºñµµ´öÀûÀÎ ÁøÇà Áß¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¾ç»óÀÇ ÀϺηΠ¹Ù¶óº¸´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. °¢ »ç¶÷Àº ±×µé¸¸ÀÇ Áø½ÇÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ°í, ¾çÂÊ ¸ðµÎ¿¡ ¿Ö°îÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ÁøÁ¤À¸·Î »ç°úÇϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â, ÀϾ ÀÏ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¿ì¸®°¡ »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ÁÖÀåÇÒ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÀϾ ÀÏ¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­ »ó´ë¹æÀÌ Á¤¸»·Î ¾î¶»°Ô ´À³¢´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¿ì¼±ÀûÀ¸·Î ÁÖÀÇ ±í°Ô µé¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (Çؼ³) À߸øÇÑ »ç¶÷°ú »óó ÀÔÀº »ç¶÷Àº ¼­·ÎÀÇ ÀÔÀå Â÷ÀÌ·Î ÀÎÇØ µÑ »çÀÌ¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´ø ÀÏÀ» º¸´Â ½Ã°¢ÀÌ ´Ù¸£¹Ç·Î, ÇÑ ÂÊ¿¡¼­ »ç°ú¸¦ ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ »ó´ë¹æÀÌ Àß ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÇ ±ÛÀÌ´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ ¨è´Â Áø½É ¾î¸° »ç°ú´Â »óó ÀÔÀº »ç¶÷ÀÌ ½±°Ô ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀ̹ǷΠȭÇØ¿¡ À̸£°Ô µÈ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀ̹ǷΠ±ÛÀÇ È帧¿¡¼­ ¹þ¾î³­´Ù. (±¸¹®) _Examining personal narratives_, researchers have found that those who cause harm tend to minimize the offense--probably to protect _themselves_ from shame and guilt.: Examining personal narratives´Â ºÐ»ç±¸¹®À¸·Î ¡®°³ÀÎÀûÀÎ À̾߱âµéÀ» °ËÅäÇϸ鼭¡¯¶ó´Â ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. protectÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î·Î ¾²ÀÎ themselves´Â ¾Õ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â those who cause harmÀ» °¡¸®Å²´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * offender: ³²ÀÇ °¨Á¤À» ÇØÄ¡´Â »ç¶÷, ¹üÁËÀÚ * victim: ´çÇÑ »ç¶÷, Èñ»ýÀÚ * narrative: À̾߱â * tend to: ~ÇÏ´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù * downplay: ´ë´ÜÄ¡ ¾Ê°Ô »ý°¢ÇÏ´Ù * inflame: °Ý¾Ó½ÃÅ°´Ù, ¾ÇÈ­½ÃÅ°´Ù * reconciliation: È­ÇØ * ensue: ÀÕ´Þ¾Æ ÀϾ´Ù * ongoing: °è¼Ó ÁøÇàÇÏ´Â * inexcusable: ¿ë¼­ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â * distortion: ¿Ö°î * assert: ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Ù, ´Ü¾ðÇÏ´Ù 06. Çؼ®: °æÁ¦Àû °Å¸®¶õ Ãâ¹ßÁö·ÎºÎÅÍ ¸ñÀûÁö±îÁö À̵¿ÇÏ°í ´Ù½Ã µ¹¾Æ¿À´Â µ¥ ¼ö¹ÝµÇ´Â ½Ã°£ ±×¸®°í ºñ¿ë°ú °ü·ÃÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. °æÁ¦Àû °Å¸®°¡ ¸Ö¸é ¸Ö¼ö·Ï ´õ¿í´õ ±× ¸ñÀûÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀúÇ×Àº Ä¿Áö¸ç, °á°úÀûÀ¸·Î ¼ö¿ä´Â ´õ¿í ´õ ÁÙ¾îµç´Ù. ±×¿Í´Â ¹Ý´ë·Î, ¾î¶² Ãâ¹ß ÁöÁ¡°ú ¸ñÀû ÁöÁ¡ »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ À̵¿ÇÏ´Â ½Ã°£À̳ª ºñ¿ëÀ» ÁÙÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¸é ´ç¿¬È÷ ¼ö¿ä°¡ Áõ°¡ÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. 1959³â¿¡ Á¦Æ®±â¸¦ µµÀÔÇÑ °Í°ú 1960³â´ë ÈĹݿ¡ µ¿Ã¼ÀÇ ÆøÀÌ ³ÐÀº Ç×°ø±â¸¦ µµÀÔÇÑ °Í°ú °°ÀÌ, ÀÌ°Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸¹Àº ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ¿¹µéÀ» µé ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, Á¦Æ®±â´Â ¸ÕÀú Ķ¸®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ¿Í ÇÏ¿ÍÀÌ »çÀÌÀÇ À̵¿½Ã°£À» ¿­µÎ ½Ã°£¿¡¼­ ´Ù¼¸ ½Ã°£À¸·Î ÁÙ¿´°í, ±×·¯¸é¼­ ¼ö¿ä°¡ ±Þ°ÝÈ÷ Áõ°¡Çß´Ù. ±×¿Í À¯»çÇÑ ±Þ°ÝÇÑ ¼ö¿ä Áõ°¡°¡ ´ë¼­¾ç Ⱦ´ÜÀ» À§ÇÑ Ç×°øÆí¿¡ µ¿Ã¼ÀÇ ÆøÀÌ ³ÐÀº Ç×°ø±âÀÇ µµÀÔ°ú ´õºÒ¾î °æÇèµÇ¾ú´Ù. (¾Æħ¿¡ ÇÏ¿ÍÀÌ ³óÀå¿¡¼­ ¼öÈ®ÇÑ ³ó»ê¹°µéÀÌ Àú³á¿¡´Â Ķ¸®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °¡Á¤ÀÇ Àú³á ½ÄŹ¿¡ ¿Ã¶ú´Ù.) ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Ç×°ø±âµéÀÇ µµÀÔÀ¸·Î ¹Ì±¹°ú ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ À¯·´´ë·ú ±¹°¡µé »çÀ̸¦ À̵¿ÇÏ´Â ºñ¿ëÀÌ °ÅÀÇ 50ÆÛ¼¾Æ® ÁÙ¾îµé¾ú´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¨ëÀÇ µÚ¿¡ À̾îÁö´Â ¹®ÀåÀÇ these planes´Â ¨é, ¨ê¿¡¼­ ¾ð±ÞµÈ ºñÇà±âµéÀ» °¡¸®Å°¹Ç·Î ¨ë´Â ±ÛÀÇ È帧¿¡¼­ ¹þ¾î³­´Ù. (±¸¹®) _It follows_, conversely, _that_ between any origin and destination point, if the travel time or travel 103ÂÊ cost can be reduced, demand will increase.: It follows that ~Àº ¡®´ç¿¬È÷ ~¶ó´Â °á·ÐÀÌ ³ª¿À´Ù¡¯¶ó´Â ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. thatÀý ¾È¿¡´Â if·Î ½ÃÀ۵Ǵ Á¶°Ç¹®°ú demand will increase¶ó´Â ÁÖÀýÀÌ µé¾î ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * destination: ¸ñÀûÁö * resistance: ÀúÇ×, ¹Ý´ë * conversely: ¹Ý´ë·Î, °Å²Ù·Î * surge: ±Þ»ó½Â, °Ýµ¿, Å« Æĵµ * transatlantic: ´ë¼­¾ç Ⱦ´ÜÀÇ * flight: Ç×°øÆí(Ç×°ø±â) 07. Çؼ®: »çȸÇÐÀڵ鿡 µû¸£¸é, Àΰ£ ¹®È­¿¡ ÀÖ¾î °¡Àå ³Î¸® ÆÛÁö°í ±âº»ÀûÀÎ ±Ô¹üµé ÁßÀÇ Çϳª´Â º¸´ä¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±ÔÄ¢¿¡¼­ ±¸ÇöµÈ´Ù. ±× ±ÔÄ¢Àº ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷ÀÌ Á¦°øÇÑ °ÍÀ» ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÌ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸´äÇϵµ·Ï ³ë·ÂÇÒ °ÍÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÑ´Ù. (¾î¶² ÇàÀ§¸¦) ¹ÞÀº »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ¹Ì·¡¿¡ °±µµ·Ï Àǹ«¸¦ Áö¿òÀ¸·Î½á, º¸´ä¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±ÔÄ¢Àº ÇÑ °³ÀÎÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡¸¦ ÀÒ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó´Â È®½ÅÀ» °®°í¼­ ¾î¶² °ÍÀ» ´Ù¸¥ ÀÌ¿¡°Ô ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇØ ÁØ´Ù. (»çȸÇÐÀÚµéÀº ÀڽŵéÀÇ ¸», ¹ÏÀ½, ŵµ, ±×¸®°í ÇàÀ§¿¡ À־ÀÇ ÀÏ°ü¼ºÀ» °¡Áö·Á´Â ¿å±¸¸¦ °®´Â´Ù.) ±× ±ÔÄ¢ ³»¿¡¼­ÀÇ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹Ì·¡ÀÇ Àǹ«°¨Àº »çȸ¿¡ À¯ÀÍÇÑ ´Ù¾çÇÑ Á¾·ùÀÇ Áö¼ÓÀûÀÎ °ü°è, °Å·¡, ±×¸®°í ±³È¯ÀÇ ¹ßÀüÀ» °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. ±× °á°ú, »çȸÀÇ ¸ðµç ±¸¼º¿øµéÀº ¾î¸° ½ÃÀýºÎÅÍ ±× ±ÔÄ¢¿¡ µû¸£°Å³ª ¾Æ´Ï¸é ½É°¢ÇÑ »çȸÀû ºñ³­À» °¨¼öÇϵµ·Ï ÈÆ·ÃÀ» ¹Þ´Â´Ù. (Çؼ³) Àΰ£ »çȸ¿¡ °¡Àå ³Î¸® ÆÛÁ® ÀÖ´Â ±âº» ±Ô¹ü Áß ÇϳªÀÎ ¡®º¸´ä¡¯¿¡ ´ëÇØ ±â¼úÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ±ÛÀ̹ǷÎ, ÀÏ°ü¼º¿¡ °üÇÑ »çȸÇÐÀÚµéÀÇ ¿å±¸¿¡ °üÇÑ ³»¿ëÀÇ ¨éÀº ±ÛÀÇ È帧°ú ¹«°üÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) The rule requires _that_ one person _try_ to repay, in kind, what another person has provided.: requiresÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î·Î thatÀÌ À̲ô´Â ¸í»çÀýÀÌ ¿Ô´Ù. ÁÖÀý¿¡ ¸í·É, Á¦¾È, ¿ä±¸ µîÀ» Ç¥ÇöÇÏ´Â µ¿»ç°¡ ¿À°í thatÀý¿¡ ´çÀ§ÀÇ ¶æÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵǴ °æ¿ì 'ÁÖ¾î + (should+)µ¿»ç¿øÇü'ÀÇ ÇüŸ¦ ¾´´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * norm: ±Ô¹ü, ±ÔÁØ * embody: ±¸Çö(»ó¡)ÇÏ´Ù * in kind: µ¿ÀÏÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î, (ÁöºÒÀÌ ±ÝÀüÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ) Çö¹°·Î * obligate: Àǹ«¸¦ Áö¿ì´Ù, °­¿äÇÏ´Ù * transaction: °Å·¡, ¸Å¸Å * disapproval: ºñ³­, ºÒ¸¸ 08. Çؼ®: ¸î¸î ºñÇà±âÀÇ Ã߶ô°ú °ÅÀÇ Ã߶ô¿¡ ÁØÇÏ´Â »ç°í´Â wind shear·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁø À§ÇèÇÑ ±Þ°ÝÇÑ ÇÏ°­±â·ù¿¡¼­ ±âÀÎÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ±Þ°ÝÇÑ ±â·ù´Â ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î õµÕÀ» µ¿¹ÝÇÑ Æødz¿ìÀÇ ³­±â·ù ³»ºÎ¿¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â °í¼ÓÀÇ ÇÏ°­±â·ù ¶§¹®¿¡ »ý±âÁö¸¸, Áö»ó ³ôÀº °÷¿¡¼­ ºñ°¡ Áõ¹ßµÉ ¶§ ¸¼Àº Çϴÿ¡¼­µµ ¹ß»ýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÏ°­±â·ù´Â ¶¥¿¡ ºÎµúÃÄ ³»ºÎ ¼øȯ ÇüŸ¦ Çü¼ºÇÒ ¶§ È®»êµÈ´Ù. ±× ÇüÅ ¼ÓÀ¸·Î ÁøÀÔÇÏ´Â ºñÇà±â´Â ºñÇà±â¸¦ µé¾î ¿Ã¸®´Â ¿¹±âÄ¡ ¸øÇÑ »ó½ÂÇÏ´Â ¿ªÇ³À» °æÇèÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. (Ư¼ö ·¹ÀÌ´õ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ ¿¹±âÄ¡ ¸øÇÑ ÃµµÕÀ» µ¿¹ÝÇÑ Æødz¿ìÀÇ À§Ä¡¸¦ ŽÁöÇϱâ À§ÇØ ÁÖ¿ä °øÇ׵鿡 ¼³Ä¡µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù.) ±×°Í¿¡ ÀúÇ×ÇÏ·Á°í Á¶Á¾»ç´Â »ó¼âÇÏ´Â ÈûÀ» ÁÖ±â À§ÇØ ÀÚÁÖ ¼Óµµ¸¦ ÁÙÀÌ°í ºñÇà±âÀÇ ±â¼ö¸¦ ³·Ãá´Ù. ±× ¼øȯ ÇüÅ ¼ÓÀ¸·Î ´õ ±íÀÌ µé¾î°¡°Ô µÇ¸é ¹Ù¶÷ÀÌ ±Þ°ÝÈ÷ ¾Æ·¡·Î ¹æÇâÀ» ¹Ù²Ù°Ô µÇ°í, ºñÇà±â°¡ Âø·ú¿¡ ÀÓ¹ÚÇØ Áö»ó ±Ùó¿¡ À̸£·¶À» ¶§ °©ÀÚ±â °íµµ¸¦ ÀÒÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ°í Ã߶ôÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. (Çؼ³) wind shear¶ó´Â ±Þ°ÝÇÑ ±â·ù·Î ÀÎÇØ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ºñÇà±â Ã߶ô »ç°í¿¡ °üÇØ ±â¼úÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ±ÛÀ̹ǷÎ, Æødz¿ìÀÇ À§Ä¡¸¦ ŽÁöÇϱâ À§ÇÑ Æ¯¼ö ·¹ÀÌ´õ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ÁÖ¿ä °øÇ׵鿡 ¼³Ä¡ÇÑ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÇ ¨éÀº ±ÛÀÇ È帧°ú ¹«°üÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) Several plane crashes and near crashes have _been attributed_ to dangerous downward wind bursts _known as_ wind shear.: 'A is attributed to B'´Â ¡®AÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀÌ B¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù¡¯´Â Àǹ̷Î, ÁÖ¾îÀÎ Several plane crashes and near crashes°¡ µ¿»ç attributeÀÇ ´ë»óÀ¸·Î Çؼ®µÇ¾î ¼öµ¿ÅÂÀÇ ÇüŸ¦ ÃëÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. known as´Â ¾Õ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â wind bursts¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * plane crash: Ç×°ø±â Ã߶ô»ç°í * be attributed to: ~¿¡ ±âÀÎÇÏ´Ù * wind burst: ¹Ù¶÷ÀÇ ±Þ°ÝÇÑ È帧 * downdraft: ÇÏ°­±â·ù * turbulence: (´ë±âÀÇ) ³­±â·ù, ¼Ò¶õ½º·¯¿ò * evaporate: Áõ¹ßÇÏ´Ù * circular: ¼øȯÇÏ´Â * detect: ŽÁöÇÏ´Ù * location: À§Ä¡ * altitude: °íµµ 09. Çؼ®: 1997³â ±³Åä Çù»ó Áß ºê¶óÁúÀº ±× ÈÄ ºê¶óÁú Á¦¾ÈÀ¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁø ÇÑ °¡Áö Á¦¾ÈÀ» Çß´Ù. ±× Á¦¾ÈÀÇ ¾ÆÀ̵ð¾î´Â ³ª¶óµéÀÌ ±× ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¿ª»çÀûÀ¸·Î ¾ó¸¶³ª Ã¥ÀÓÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Â°¡¿¡ µû¶ó ¹è±â°¡½º °¨ÃàÀÇ ºÎ´ãÀ» ÀÌÁ¦´Â ¼­·Î°¡ ³ª´©¾î °¡Á®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çؼ­, ¿ì¸®´Â °¢ ³ª¶ó°¡ ½Ã°£ÀÌ Áö³²¿¡ µû¶ó ±× µ¿¾È ¾î´À Á¤µµ ³óµµÀÇ ¿Â½Ç°¡½º¸¦ ´ë±â·Î ¹èÃâÇß´ÂÁö °è»êÇÏ¿© ±× ¼öÄ¡µéÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇØ ¹è±â°¡½º °¨ÃàÀ» ÇÒ´çÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é, ÀÌ´Â ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ³ª¶óµéº¸´Ù ´õ ¿À·§µ¿¾È ¹è±â°¡½º¸¦ ¹èÃâÇØ ¿Â µ¶ÀÏ°ú ¿µ±¹ °°Àº ³ª¶óµéÀÌ ±×µéÀÇ ÇöÀç ¹è±â°¡½º ¹èÃâÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³Â´ø °Íº¸´Ù ´õ Å« ¸òÀ» ºÎ´ãÇÏ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. (¿Â½Ç °¡½º´Â ¿­À» ¿ìÁÖ·Î ´Ù½Ã ¹Ý»çÇؼ­ µ¹·Áº¸³»´Â ´ë½Å ÀÌ ¿­À» Èí¼öÇÏ¿© ´ë±â Áß¿¡ °è¼Ó À¯ÁöÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ¿Ô´Ù.) ±×°ÍÀº ¶ÇÇÑ È£ÁÖó·³ º¸´Ù ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ »ê¾÷À» ¹ßÀü½ÃÄ×´ø °Å´ë ¹è±â°¡½º ¹èÃâ±¹µéÀº ºÎ´ãÀ» ´õ Àû°Ô Áö°Ô µÉ °ÍÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) 1997³â¿¡ ºê¶óÁú¿¡¼­ Á¦¾ÈÇÑ ºê¶óÁú Á¦¾È(the Brazilian Proposal)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³»¿ëÀ¸·Î, ¨ê´Â ºê¶óÁú Á¦¾È¼­ÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú´Â ¹« 104ÂÊ °üÇÏ°Ô ¿Â½Ç °¡½º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ »ç½ÇÀ» ¼³¸íÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¨ê¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°í ³ª¸é, ¨éÀÇ That would mean ~°ú ¨ëÀÇ It would also mean ~ÀÌ ÀÚ¿¬½º·´°Ô ¿¬°áµÇ¹Ç·Î, ¨ê´Â Àüü È帧°ú °ü°è°¡ ¾ø´Ù. (±¸¹®) In other words, we should _calculate_ what concentration of greenhouse gases each country has put into the atmosphere over time and _use_ those figures to allocate emissions cuts.: µ¿»ç calculate¿Í use°¡ Á¶µ¿»ç should¸¦ °øÅëÀ¸·Î ÇÏ¿© Á¢¼Ó»ç and¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¿¬°áµÇ´Â º´·Ä ±¸Á¶¸¦ ÀÌ·ç°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * negotiation: Çù»ó * emission: ¹èÃâ°¡½º * concentration: ³óµµ * allocate: ÇÒ´çÇÏ´Ù, ¹èºÐÇÏ´Ù * emit: ¹æÃâÇÏ´Ù * bear: ºÎ´ãÇÏ´Ù, ¶°¸Ã´Ù 10. Çؼ®: Albert EinsteinÀº ÇϳªÀÇ ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ¾Æ¿ì¸£´Â ÅëÀϼºÀÌ Àִ ü°è ¼Ó¿¡¼­ ÀÚ¿¬ÀÇ ÈûµéÀ» ±â¼úÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÑ, ¼ÒÀ§ ÅëÀÏÀå ÀÌ·Ð(unified field theory)À» ãÀ¸·Á°í ¹«Áø ¾Ö½è´Ù. EinsteinÀº ÀÌ·± Àú·± ½ÇÇè µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ ¼³¸íÇÏ·Á´Â ½Ãµµ¿Í °°ÀÌ ¿ì¸®°¡ °úÇÐÀû ÀÛ¾÷°ú Á¾Á¾ ¿¬°ü½ÃÅ°´Â ±×·¯ÇÑ °Íµé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ µ¿±â°¡ ºÎ¿©µÈ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¾ú´Ù. ´ë½Å, ±×¿¡°Ô´Â ¿ìÁÖ¿¡ ´ëÇØ °¡Àå ±íÀÌ ÀÖ°Ô ÀÌÇØÇÏ°Ô µÇ¸é ¿ìÁÖ´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °¡Àå ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ °æÀÌ Áï, ´Ü¼ø¼º°ú ±× ´Ü¼ø¼ºÀÇ ¹ÙÅÁÀÌ µÇ´Â ¿øÄ¢µéÀÇ ÈûÀ» µå·¯³»°Ô µÇ¸®¶ó´Â ¿­·ÄÇÑ ¹ÏÀ½ÀÌ ¿øµ¿·ÂÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. (EinsteinÀÇ °ø½Ä ü°è¿¡¼­Ã³·³ ¹°¸®ÇÐÀÇ ¾öû³­ ¹ßÀüÀÇ ±âÃÊ°¡ µÇ´Â ±× µÎ °¡Áö À̷еéÀº ¼­·Î ¾ç¸³ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù.) EinsteinÀº ÀÌÀü¿¡´Â ´Ü ÇÑ ¹øµµ ¼º°øÇÑ ÀûÀÌ ¾øÀ» Á¤µµ·Î ¸íÈ®ÇÏ°Ô ¿ìÁÖÀÇ È°µ¿À» Á¶¸íÇØ º¸±â¸¦ ¿øÇßÀ¸¸ç, ±×·Î½á ¿ì¸® ¸ðµÎ´Â ±×°ÍÀÇ ¼ø¼öÇÑ ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿ò°ú ¿ì¾ÆÇÔ¿¡ ´ëÇØ °æ¿Ü½ÉÀ» °¡Áú ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×°¡ »ì´ø ´ç½Ã¿¡´Â EinsteinÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ²ÞÀ» ½ÇÇöÇÏÁö ¸øÇߴµ¥, ±× ÁÖµÈ ÀÌÀ¯´Â ¹°ÁúÀÇ ¸¹Àº ÇʼöÀûÀΠƯ¼º°ú ÀÚ¿¬ÀÇ ¿©·¯ ÈûµéÀÌ ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖÁö ¾Ê¾Ò°Å³ª ¾Æ´Ï¸é ±â²¯ÇØ¾ß ¾ÆÁÖ ºÎÁ·ÇÏ°Ô ÀÌÇØ°¡ µÇ°í ÀÖ¾ú±â ¶§¹®À̾ú´Ù. (Çؼ³) EinsteinÀÌ Ã£°íÀÚ Çß´ø ¿ìÁÖ Àüü¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼³¸íÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÑ ÅëÀÏÀå À̷п¡ ´ëÇÑ ³»¿ëÀ¸·Î, ¨éÀº ±ÛÀÇ ¾îµð¿¡¼­µµ ¾ð±ÞÀÌ ¾ø´Â ±× µÎ °¡Áö ÀÌ·Ð(the two theories)¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­ ¸»ÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î Àüü È帧°ú °ü°è°¡ ¾ø´Ù. (±¸¹®) Einstein wanted to illuminate the workings of the universe with a clarity never before achieved, 46^^_allowing us all to stand in awe of its sheer beauty and elegance_.: allowing ¡¦ elegance´Â ºÐ»ç±¸¹®À¸·Î µÚÀ̾î ÀϾ´Â µ¿ÀÛ ¶Ç´Â »óȲÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * seek for: ¾òÀ¸·Á°í(ãÀ¸·Á°í) ¾Ö¾²´Ù, Ž±¸ÇÏ´Ù (seek--sought--sought) * relentlessly: °¡Â÷ ¾øÀÌ, ¸Å¸ôÂ÷°Ô * encompass: Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Ù, Ç°´Ù, ¿¡¿ö½Î´Ù * coherent: ½ÃÁ¾ÀÏ°üµÈ, ÅëÀϼºÀÌ ÀÖ´Â * undertaking: »ç¾÷, ±â¾÷, ÀÏ * passionate: ¿­·ÄÇÑ, °­·ÄÇÑ * formulation: Çü½ÄÈ­, °ø½ÄÈ­, °èÅëÀûÀÎ Á¶Á÷È­ * underlie: ~ÀÇ ¹Ø¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù, ~ÀÇ ±âÃÊ°¡ µÇ´Ù * tremendous: ±²ÀåÇÑ, ¾öû³­, °Å´ëÇÑ * incompatible: ¸ÂÁö ¾Ê´Â, ¸ð¼øµÈ, ¾ç¸³ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â * illuminate: ÇظíÇÏ´Ù, Á¶¸íÀ» ºñÃß´Ù, ¹à°Ô ÇÏ´Ù * clarity: ¸í·á, ¸í¼®, ¸íÈ® * stand in awe of: ~¿¡ ´ëÇØ °æ¿Ü½ÉÀ» °®´Ù, ~À» °æ¿ÜÇÏ´Ù * sheer: ¼ø¼öÇÑ, ¿ÏÀüÇÑ, ´Ü¼øÇÑ 11. Çؼ®: 1980³â´ë ÀÌ·¡·Î µ¿¹°¿øµéÀº ÄÜÅ©¸®Æ® ¹Ù´Ú°ú ¼èâ»ìÀ» Ç®, ¹ÙÀ§, ³ª¹«, ¹°¿õµ¢ÀÌ·Î ´ëüÇϸ鼭 µ¿¹°µéÀÇ ÀÚ¿¬ ¼­½ÄÁö¸¦ ÀçÇöÇØ ÁÖ·Á°í ³ë·ÂÇØ ¿Ô´Ù. ÀÌ·± ȯ°æµéÀº ¾ß»ýÀ» Èä³» ³½ °ÍÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸, µ¿¹°µéÀº ¸ÔÀÌ¿Í ÀáÀÚ¸®, Æ÷½Äµ¿¹°·ÎºÎÅÍÀÇ ¾ÈÀü¿¡ ´ëÇØ °ÆÁ¤ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ¾óÇÍ º¸±â¿¡ ÀÌ°ÍÀº ±×¸® ³ª»Û °Å·¡Ã³·³ º¸ÀÌÁö´Â ¾ÊÀ» ¼öµµ ÀÖÁö¸¸, µ¿¹°µéÀº ¼ö¸¹Àº º¹ÀâÇÑ ¹®Á¦µéÀ» °æÇèÇÑ´Ù. (±×·¸Áö¸¸, ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ º¹ÀâÇÑ ¹®Á¦µéÀº µ¿¹°µéÀÇ °Ç°­°ú ¾ÈÀüÀ» º¸ÀåÇϱâ À§ÇØ Áöü ¾øÀÌ ÇØ°áÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù.) ¾ó·è¸»Àº ±Ùó Å« °í¾çÀÌ°ú Àü½ÃÀå¿¡ ÀÖ´Â »çÀÚÀÇ ³¿»õ¸¦ ¸ÅÀÏ ¸ÃÀ¸¸ç µµ¸Á°¥ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ÀڽŵéÀÇ Ã³Áö¸¦ ¹ß°ßÇÏ°í, Ç×»ó µÎ·Á¿ò ¼Ó¿¡¼­ »ê´Ù. öµû¶ó À̵¿À» Çϰųª °Ü¿ïÀ» ´ëºñÇؼ­ À½½ÄÀ» ÀúÀåÇÒ °¡´É¼ºµµ ÀüÇô ¾ø´Âµ¥, ±×°ÍÀº »õ³ª °õ¿¡°Ô´Â ºÐ¸í ¶È°°ÀÌ ÆĸêÀ» ¾à¼ÓÇÏ´Â °Íó·³ º¸ÀÏ °ÍÀÓ¿¡ Ʋ¸²¾ø´Ù. °£·«È÷ ¸»ÇÏÀÚ¸é, µ¿¹°¿ø »ýÈ°Àº µ¿¹°µéÀÇ °¡Àå ±íÀÌ »Ñ¸®¹ÚÇô ÀÖ´Â »ýÁ¸ º»´É°ú ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ¸ÂÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) µ¿¹°¿øµéÀÌ °Ñº¸±â¿Í´Â ´Ù¸£°Ô °Å±â¼­ »ì°í ÀÖ´Â µ¿¹°µé¿¡°Ô ¿©·¯ °¡Áö º¹ÀâÇÑ ¹®Á¦Á¡µéÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å²´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀ¸·Î, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹®Á¦Á¡µéÀÇ ÇØ°áÀ» ¾ð±ÞÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ¨è´Â Àüü È帧°ú °ü°è°¡ ¾ø´Ù. (±¸¹®) There is no possibility of migrating or of storing food for the winter, _which_ must seem to promise equally certain doom to a bird or bear.: °ü°è´ë¸í»ç whichÀÇ ¼±Çà»ç´Â ¾Õ Àý Àüü·Î, and it ~ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * strive: ³ë·ÂÇÏ´Ù * reproduce: ÀçÇöÇÏ´Ù, º¹Á¦ÇÏ´Ù * simulate: Èä³» ³»´Ù * predator: Æ÷½Äµ¿¹° * complication: º¹ÀâÇÔ, °ï¶õÇÑ »çÁ¤ * settle: ÇØ°áÇÏ´Ù, ó¸®ÇÏ´Ù * ensure: º¸ÀåÇÏ´Ù * exhibit: Àü½ÃÀå * utterly: ¿ÏÀüÈ÷, ¾ÆÁÖ * incompatible: ¸ÂÁö ¾Ê´Â, ¾ç¸³ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â 105ÂÊ 12. Çؼ®: Áý´Ü ±¸¼º¿øµé »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ »ç±³ÀûÀÎ °á¼Ó·Â°ú ¾ÖÂøÀÇ ¿ªÇÒ°ú °ü·ÃÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ¾Ï½Ã¸¦ °í·ÁÇØ º¸¶ó. ¸¸¾à °­ÇÑ °á¼Ó·ÂÀÌ ÇϳªÀÇ ¹Ý´ë ÀÇ°ßÀÌ¶óµµ ´ú °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µç´Ù¸é, Áý´Ü°ú ´ÜüÀÇ ¼º°ú´Â ÇÇÇظ¦ ÀÔÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÅõÀÚ Å¬·´¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇÑ ¿¬±¸´Â, ÃÖ¾ÇÀÇ ¼º°ú¸¦ ³½ Ŭ·´Àº Á¤¼­ÀûÀÎ À¯´ë¸¦ ¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î Á¶Á÷µÇ¾ú°í ÁÖ·Î »ç±³ÀûÀ̾ú°í, ¹Ý¸é¿¡ ÃÖ°íÀÇ ¼º°ú¸¦ ³»´Â Ŭ·´Àº »ç±³ÀûÀÎ °ü°è¸¦ Á¦ÇÑÇß°í µ·À» ¹ö´Â µ¥ ÁýÁßÇßÀ½À» º¸¿©ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ¹Ý´ë ÀÇ°ßÀº ³ôÀº ¼º°ú¸¦ º¸¿©Áִ Ŭ·´¿¡¼­ ÈξÀ ´õ ºó¹øÇß´Ù. ³·Àº ¼ºÃ븦 º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº º¸Åë °ÅÀÇ °ø°³ Åä·ÐÀÌ ¾øÀÌ ¸¸ÀåÀÏÄ¡·Î ÅõÇ¥¸¦ Çß´Ù. (±× ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­ º¸¿©ÁØ °Íó·³, ³ôÀº ¼ºÃ븦 º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº ³·Àº ¼ºÃ븦 º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéº¸´Ù »ç±³ÀûÀÎ °á¼Ó·Â¿¡ ´õ Å« Á߿伺À» µÎ¾ú°í, ±× °á°ú ³ôÀº ¼º°ø·üÀ» À̲ø¾î ³Â´Ù.) Áß½ÉÀûÀÎ ¹®Á¦´Â ³·Àº ¼ºÃ븦 ÀÌ·é Áý´ÜµéÀÇ ÅõÇ¥ÀÚµéÀº °¡Àå ³ôÀº ¼öÀÍÀ» ¸¸µé¾î ³»±âº¸´Ù´Â »ç±³ÀûÀÎ ÀÀÁý¼ºÀ» Çü¼ºÇÏ·Á°í ³ë·ÂÇß¾ú´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) »ç±³Àû °á¼Ó·Â°ú ¾ÖÂø¿¡ ¾ô¸Å¿© ÀÖ´Â Áý´ÜÀº ³ôÀº ¼º°ú¸¦ ³»Áö ¸øÇÑ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÇ ±ÛÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ³ôÀº ¼ºÃ븦 º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ »ç±³Àû °á¼Ó·Â¿¡ ´õ ¸¹Àº Á߿伺À» ºÎ¿©ÇÏ°í ±×·Î ÀÎÇØ ³ôÀº ¼º°ø·üÀ» À̲ø¾î ³Â´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÇ ¨ê´Â Àüü È帧°ú °ü°è°¡ ¾ø´Ù. (±¸¹®) The central problem is _that_ the voters in low-performing groups were trying to _build social cohesion_ rather than 46^^_to produce the highest returns_.: thatÀº º¸¾î·Î ¾²ÀÎ ¸í»çÀýÀ» À̲ô´Â Á¢¼Ó»çÀÌ°í, rather thanÀ» »çÀÌ¿¡ µÎ°í to build social cohesion°ú to produce the highest returns°¡ º´·Ä ±¸Á¶¸¦ ÀÌ·ç°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * implication: ¾Ï½Ã, ÇÔÃà, °ü·Ã * bond: °á¼Ó·Â, À¯´ë * affection: ¾ÖÁ¤ * dissent: ºÒÀÏÄ¡, ÀÌÀÇ * institution: Á¦µµ, ´Üü * impair: ¼Õ»ó½ÃÅ°´Ù * unanimously: ¸¸ÀåÀÏÄ¡·Î * illustrate: ¿¹½ÃÇÏ´Ù, º¸¿©ÁÖ´Ù * cohesion: ÀÀÁý¼º * return: ¼öÀÍ 13. Çؼ®: Áö±¸ ³»ºÎ¿¡¼­ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â Áö¿­Àº ¼ö¹ÌÅÍ ±íÀÌ ¶¥ÀÇ ¿Âµµ¸¦ 10¡É¿¡¼­ 20¡É Á¤µµÀÇ °ÅÀÇ ÀÏÁ¤ÇÑ ¿Âµµ·Î À¯ÁöÇÏ´Â µ¥ µµ¿òÀÌ µÈ´Ù. ¿­ ÆßÇÁ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÏÁ¤ÇÑ ¿Âµµ°¡ °Ç¹°À» ½Ã¿øÇÏ°Ô Çϰųª µû¶æÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Â µ¥ ÀÌ¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿­ ÆßÇÁ´Â ¹°·Î ä¿öÁø °í¸® ¸ð¾çÀÇ ÆÄÀÌÇÁ¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇϴµ¥, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÆÄÀÌÇÁ°¡ ¿Âµµ°¡ °ÅÀÇ ÀÏÁ¤ÇÑ ±íÀÌ¿¡ ¹¯È÷°Ô µÈ´Ù. ¿©¸§¿¡´Â ¶¥¼ÓÀÇ ¿Âµµ°¡ °ø±âÀÇ ¿Âµµº¸´Ù ´õ ³·À¸¹Ç·Î, °Ç¹°¿¡¼­ ³ª¿Â µû¶æÇÑ ¹°ÀÌ ÆßÇÁÁúµÇ¾î ÆÄÀÌÇÁ¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¶¥¼ÓÀ¸·Î º¸³»Áø´Ù. (±×·¸Áö¸¸, Áö¿­ ¿¡³ÊÁö°¡ Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ ¿­À» ¾ò±â À§ÇØ ´Ù¸¥ ¾î¶² ¿¡³ÊÁö¿øº¸´Ùµµ ÈξÀ ´õ ¸¹ÀÌ ÀÌ¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù.) ¹°ÀÌ ³Ã°¢µÇ°í ±×·± ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ÆßÇÁ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ´Ù½Ã °Ç¹°·Î º¸³»Áö´Âµ¥, °Å±â¼­ ¹°Àº ´õ ¸¹Àº ¿­À» Èí¼öÇÏ°Ô µÇ¸ç, ±× ¼øȯÀÌ µÇÇ®À̵ȴÙ. (Çؼ³) °Ç¹°ÀÇ ¿Âµµ¸¦ Á¶ÀýÇÏ´Â µ¥ Áö¿­ÀÌ ÀÌ¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ Àüü ±ÛÀÇ È帧Àε¥ ¹ÝÇÏ¿©, ¨ê´Â Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ ¿­À» ¾ò´Â µ¥ Áö¿­ÀÌ °¡Àå ¸¹ÀÌ ÀÌ¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀ¸·Î Àüü È帧°ú °ü°è°¡ ¾ø´Ù. (±¸¹®) The water _cools_ and then is pumped back to the building _where_ it absorbs more heat, and the cycle is repeated.: ÁÖ¾îÀÎ The water¿Í ¿¬°áµÇ´Â µ¿»ç´Â cools¿Í isÀ̸ç where ¡¦ heat´Â ¼±Çà»çÀÎ the buildingÀ» ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â °ü°èÀýÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * geothermal: Áö¿­ÀÇ * constant: ÀÏÁ¤ÇÑ, º¯Ä¡ ¾Ê´Â * loop: °í¸®, ·çÇÁ * absorb: Èí¼öÇÏ´Ù 14. Çؼ®: ¡°Ä£±¸´Â °¡±îÀÌ µÎ°í, ÀûÀº ÈξÀ ´õ °¡±îÀÌ µÎ¾î¶ó.¡±¶ó´Â À¯¸íÇÑ Ç¥ÇöÀº Nelson Mandela°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀûÀÇ ¾ð¾îÀÎ Afrikaans¸¦ ¹è¿ì°íÀÚ ÇÑ ½Ãµµ¿¡¼­ Àß µå·¯³µ´Ù. Mandela´Â ±×ÀÇ ÁöÁöÀÚµéÀÇ ºÒ¸¸À» »ç¸é¼­ 1960³â´ë¿¡ ³²¾Æ°øÀÇ ¹éÀεéÀÎ AfrikanerÀÇ ¾ð¾î¸¦ óÀ½ ¹è¿ì±â ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ±×µéÀº ±×°ÍÀÌ ½Ã°£ÀÇ ³¶ºñ¶ó°í »ý°¢ÇßÁö¸¸, Mandela´Â ±×°ÍÀÌ AfrikanerÀÇ ¼¼°è°ü¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÅëÂû·ÂÀ» ¾ò´Â µ¥ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù°í »ý°¢Çß´Ù. Afrikaner°¡ ¼¼°è¸¦ ¹Ù¶óº¸´Â ¹æ½Ä¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½Ã°¢À» ¾òÀ½À¸·Î½á, ±×´Â ±×µéÀÇ ÀåÁ¡°ú ´ÜÁ¡À» ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. (¿©·¯ ¸é¿¡¼­, Afrikaner¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ³²¾Æ°ø »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ´ëÅë·ÉÀ¸·Î¼­ MandelaÀÇ °¡Àå Å« °øÇåÀº ±×°¡ ´ëÅë·ÉÁ÷À» ¶°³ª±â·Î °áÁ¤ÇÑ ¹æ½ÄÀ̾ú´Ù.) Afrikaner¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÌÇØ´Â ³ªÁß¿¡ ±×µéÀ» ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î ¼³µæÇÏ¿© ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÁöÁöÀÚµéÀÇ ¿ä±¸¸¦ ¼ö¿ëÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Â µ¥ À־ ¸Å¿ì ±ÍÁßÇÑ °ÍÀ̾úÀ½ÀÌ ÀÔÁõµÇ¾ú´Ù. (Çؼ³) ÁöÁöÀÚµéÀÇ ¹Ý´ë¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í, ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀûÀ̾ú´ø AfrikanerÀÇ ¾ð¾î¸¦ ¹è¿ö¼­ ±×µéÀÇ ¼¼°è°üÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÔÀ¸·Î½á Èʳ¯ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÁöÁöÀÚµéÀÇ ¿ä±¸¸¦ °üö½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´ø Nelson Mandela¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±ÛÀÌ´Ù. ¨ê´Â ´ëÅë·ÉÀ¸·Î¼­ÀÇ MandelaÀÇ °øÇåÀ» ¾ð±ÞÇÑ ¹®ÀåÀ̹ǷΠÀüü È帧°ú °ü°è°¡ ¾ø´Ù. (±¸¹®) By obtaining this perspective of 46^^_how the Afrikaners looked at the world_, ~.: ÀüÄ¡»ç µÚ¿¡´Â ¸í»ç(±¸) ¶Ç´Â Àǹ®»çÀýÀÌ ¸ñÀû¾î ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. ofÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î·Î Àǹ®»çÀý(°£Á¢Àǹ®¹®)ÀÌ 'Àǹ®»ç£«Á־µ¿»ç'ÀÇ ¾î¼øÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * exemplify: ¿¹ÁõÇÏ´Ù, ±¸ÇöÇÏ´Ù * to the disapproval of: ~ÀÇ ºÒ¸¸À» »ç¸é¼­, ~ÀÇ ¹Ý´ë¸¦ ¹ÞÀ¸¸ç * insight: ÅëÂû, ÅëÂû·Â * contribution: °øÇå, ±â¿© * perspective: ½Ã°¢, Àü¸Á * presidency: ´ëÅë·ÉÁ÷ * invaluable: ¸Å¿ì ±ÍÁßÇÑ 106ÂÊ 15. Çؼ®: ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀº ½À°üÀ» °íÄ¡·Á°í ½ÃµµÇÒ ¶§ Ã浿À» °æÇèÇϸç, ´ë½ÅÇÒ ¾î¶² °Í, °¡Àå ÁÁÀº °ÍÀº ¸öÀÇ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ºÎºÐ Áï, µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ±ÙÀ°À» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÏÁö ¸øÇϸé ÀÌ Ã浿µéÀº °ßµð±â Èûµé ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ±× ½À°üÀÌ ¸Ó¸®¸¦ Àâ¾Æ »Ì´Â °Íó·³ ¼ÕÀ» ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ±× ¼ÕÀ» ¾î¶² ´Ù¸¥ ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ·Á°í ½ÃµµÇØ º¸¶ó. Àå³­°¨À» °¡Áö°í ³î°Å³ª ÁÖ¸ÔÀ» ¸î ºÐ µ¿¾È Áã¾ú´Ù Æñ´Ù ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÇØ´äÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±Ü´Â ½À°üÀº ·Î¼ÇÀ¸·Î ¹®Áö¸£°Å³ª ¼Õ¹Ù´ÚÀ¸·Î °¡º±°Ô Ä¡´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ´ëüµÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. (ÇÏÁö¸¸, ¸¸¾à ±× °¡·Á¿òÀÌ »ç¶óÁöÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é, ±Ü´Â °ÍÀ» ¸ØÃß°í ¾àÀ» º¹¿ëÇ϶ó.) ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ´«À» ¾²¶ó¸®°í Á¾Á¾ °¨¿°ÀÌ µÉ ¶§±îÁö ¼ÕÀ¸·Î ºñºñ°ï Çß´ø 35¼¼ÀÇ ÇÑ ¿©¼ºÀº ºñºñ°í ½ÍÀº Ã浿ÀÌ »ý±æ ¶§ È­ÀåÀ» ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ µµ¿òÀÌ µÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù. (Çؼ³) ÁÁÁö ¾ÊÀº Çൿ ½À°üÀº ±× ½À°üÀ» ´ë½ÅÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÇൿÀ» ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á °íÄ¥ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â ¿äÁöÀÇ ±ÛÀ̹ǷÎ, °¡·Á¿òÁõÀÌ »ç¶óÁöÁö ¾ÊÀ» °æ¿ì¿¡ ¾àÀ» º¹¿ëÇ϶ó´Â ¨ê´Â Àüü È帧°ú °ü°è ¾ø´Ù. (±¸¹®) 46^^_Playing with a toy_ or 46^^_opening and closing your fists for a couple of minutes_ might be an answer.: Á¢¼Ó»ç or·Î ¿¬°áµÈ playing ¡¦ toy¿Í opening ¡¦ minutes°¡ ¹®ÀåÀÇ ÁÖ¾îÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * urge: Ã浿 * resist: ÀúÇ×ÇÏ´Ù, °ßµð´Ù * occupy: »ç¿ëÇÏ´Ù, Â÷ÁöÇÏ´Ù * fist: ÁÖ¸Ô * rub: ºñºñ´Ù * pat: µÎµå¸®´Ù * infected: °¨¿°µÈ 16. Çؼ®: ¼öÇп¡´Â ¿À·¡ °É¸®°í À¯ÄèÇÏÁö´Â ¾ÊÁö¸¸ ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÏ»óÀûÀÎ °è»êÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ®¾ß ÇÏ´Â ºÐ¾ß°¡ ÀÖ°í, ±×°ÍÀ» Çس»´Â ¸î¸î ÁÁÀº ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥µéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ´Â ¾ÆÁÖ À¯¿ëÇÑ ½Ã°£ Àý¾à ÀåÄ¡°¡ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¶§¶§·Î ´ë´ÜÈ÷ À¯¿ëÇؼ­ ¼öÇÐÀÚµéÀÌ ½º½º·Î´Â ¹ß°ßÇÏÁö ¸øÇßÀ» °á°ú¸¦ ¹ß°ßÇϵµ·Ï ÇØÁֱ⵵ ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·³¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ°¡ Á¦°øÇØÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â µµ¿òÀÇ Á¾·ù´Â ¾ÆÁÖ Á¦ÇÑÀûÀÌ´Ù. (ÁöÀûÇÒ ¸¸ÇÑ °¡Ä¡°¡ ÀÖ´Â ÇÑ °¡Áö ¿äÁ¡Àº ¼öÇп¡¼­ÀÇ ¿©¼ºµéÀÇ ºÎÁ·ÇÔÀº ¶Ç ÇϳªÀÇ Åë°èÀû Çö»óÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.) ´ç½ÅÀÇ ¹®Á¦ ¶Ç´Â º¸´Ù ÀÏ»óÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÏÀ§ ¹®Á¦°¡ ¿À·£ ½Ã°£ÀÇ ¹Ýº¹ÀûÀΠŽ»ö¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÃæºÐÈ÷ Ç®¸± ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀÛ°í »ç¼ÒÇÑ °Íµé Áß Çϳª¶ó¸é, ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ°¡ À¯¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¹Ý¸é¿¡ ´ç½ÅÀÌ ±ÃÁö¿¡ ºüÁ®¼­ ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ¾ÆÀ̵ð¾î°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù¸é, ÇöÀç ±â¼úÀÇ »óÅ¿¡¼­´Â ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ°¡ ÀüÇô µµ¿òÀÌ µÇÁö ¸øÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ°¡ ÀÏ»óÀûÀÎ °è»êÀ» ÇÏ´Â µ¥¿¡´Â À¯¿ëÇÑ ÀåÄ¡ÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸, ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ°¡ ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â µµ¿òÀÇ Á¾·ù´Â Á¦ÇÑÀûÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ ±ÛÀÇ ÁÖµÈ ³»¿ëÀ̹ǷÎ, ¿©¼ºÀÌ ¼öÇп¡¼­ ºÎÁ·ÇÏ´Ù°í ¾ð±ÞÇÑ ¨éÀº Àüü È帧°ú °ü°è°¡ ¾ø´Ù. (±¸¹®) Nevertheless, 46^^_the kind of help_ that computers can provide _is_ very limited.: ÁÖ¾î´Â the kind of helpÀÌ¸ç µ¿»ç´Â isÀÌ´Ù. °ü°èÀýÀÎ that computers can provide´Â help¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * calculation: °è»ê, ¿¬»ê * device: ÀåÄ¡ * mathematician: ¼öÇÐÀÚ * deserve: ~À» ¹ÞÀ» °¡Ä¡°¡ ÀÖ´Ù * statistical: Åë°èÀûÀÎ * sub-problem: ÇÏÀ§ ¹®Á¦ * repetitive: ¹Ýº¹ÀûÀÎ * whatsoever: ¾à°£ÀÇ ~µµ, ¾Æ¹«·±, ÀüÇô(whateverÀÇ °­Á¶ ÇüÅÂ, ºÎÁ¤¾î °­Á¶¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÔ) 17. Çؼ®: ¸¸¾à ¹Ù»Û »ýÈ°À» º¸³»°í ÀÖ°í ½Ã°£ÀÌ ºÎÁ·ÇÏ´Ù¸é, ÇÏ·ç¿¡ ´ë·« ÇÑ ¹ø Á¤µµ¸¸ ¿ÂÀüÇÑ ½Ä»ç¸¦ ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. °Ç°­ÀÇ °üÁ¡¿¡¼­ º¸¸é ÀÌ°ÍÀº ³ª»Û ½À°üÀÌ´Ù. ÇÑ ¹øÀÇ ÇªÁüÇÑ ½Ä»ç ´ë½Å¿¡ ¸î ¹øÀÇ ¼Ò·®ÀÇ ½Ä»ç¸¦ ÇÑ´Ù¸é ¸öÀ» º¸´Ù ´õ ¹è·ÁÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÁÖ¾îÁø À½½ÄÀÇ ¾çÀº ÇÑ ¹øÀÇ ¾ÉÀº ÀÚ¸®¿¡¼­ ¸Ô±âº¸´Ù ÇÏ·ç ³»³» ÀÏÁ¤ÇÑ °£°ÝÀ» µÎ°í ¸ÔÀ¸¸é ¸ö¿¡ ÀÇÇØ º¸´Ù ´õ È¿°úÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. (±×·¯ÇÑ Áõ»óµéÀº ÁøÇÑ ºí·¢Ä¿ÇǸ¦ ÇÏ·ç¿¡ ´Ù¼¸ ÀÜ ÀÌ»ó ¸¶½Ã´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô »ý±æ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.) ¸¹Àº ¾çÀÇ µå¹® ½Ä»ç¸¦ ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº ±ÔÄ¢ÀûÀÎ °£°ÝÀ¸·Î º¸´Ù ÀûÀº ¾çÀ» (ÇÏÁö¸¸ ÃÑ·®Àº µ¿ÀÏÇÑ) ¸Ô´Â »ç¶÷µéº¸´Ù üÁßÀÌ ´õ ¸¹ÀÌ ´Ã°í Ç÷¾× ¼Ó¿¡ ´õ ³ôÀº ¼öÁØÀÇ Áö¹æÀ» °¡Áö´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ÇÑ ¹ø¿¡ ¸¹Àº ¾çÀ» ¸Ô´Â ½Ä»çº¸´Ù´Â ±ÔÄ¢ÀûÀÎ °£°ÝÀ¸·Î Àû°Ô ¿©·¯ ¹ø ¸Ô´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÇ ±ÛÀ̹ǷÎ, ºí·¢Ä¿ÇǸ¦ ¸¶½Ã´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ Áõ»óÀ» ¾ð±ÞÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ¨ê´Â Àüü È帧°ú °ü°è°¡ ¾ø´Ù. (±¸¹®) A given amount of food is used more efficiently by the body if it is spaced throughout the day rather _than(it is) eaten at_ one sitting.: than°ú eaten »çÀÌ¿¡´Â ¹Ýº¹µÇ´Â it is°¡ »ý·«µÇ¾ú´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * standpoint: °üÁ¡ * treat ¡¦ with consideration: ~À» Á¤ÁßÈ÷ ´ë¿ìÇÏ´Ù * efficiently: ´É·üÀûÀ¸·Î * space: ~¿¡ ÀÏÁ¤ÇÑ °£°ÝÀ» µÎ´Ù * symptom: Áõ»ó * infrequent: µå¹®, ºó¹øÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº * interval: °£°Ý * quantity: ¾ç 18. Çؼ®: ·Î¸¶ÀÇ ÀÎÇü Á¦ÀÛÀÚµéÀº ÀÌÁýÆ®Àεé°ú ±×¸®½ºÀε鿡 ÀÇÇØ °³¹ßµÇ¾ú´ø ±â¼úÀ» °è¼ÓÇؼ­ »ç¿ëÇßÁö¸¸, ±×µé ¹®È­ÀÇ ¿¹¼úÀû °¨¼ö¼º¿¡ µû¶ó ÀÎÇüÀ» º¸´Ù ¿ì¾ÆÇÏ°í ¾Æ¸§´ä°Ô ¸¸µé·Á°í ²÷ÀÓ¾øÀÌ ³ë·ÂÇß´Ù. ·Î¸¶ÀÇ Prati ±Ùó¿¡¼­ ¹ß°ßµÈ ÇÑ ÀÎÇüÀº »ó¾Æ·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁ³°í 18¼¼ÀÇ ³ªÀÌ¿¡ Á×¾ú´ø ±×°ÍÀÇ ÁÖÀÎ ¿·¿¡ ³õ¿© ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. (¹®¸í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌÇØ°¡ ¾öû³ª°Ô ¼ºÀåÇϸ鼭 ¹«¿ªÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ªÇÒ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀνÄÀÌ ³ô¾ÆÁö°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù.) ±× ÀÎÇü ¿·¿¡´Â ¿ª½Ã »ó¾Æ·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁø ÀÛÀº »óÀÚ°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Âµ¥ ÀÛÀº ºøµé°ú ÀºÀ¸·Î ¸¸µç °Å¿ïÀÌ µé 107ÂÊ ¾î ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±× ÀÎÇüÀº ¼Õ°¡¶ô¿¡ ¹ÝÁö¸¦ ³¢°í ÀÖ¾ú°í ÀÛÀº ¿­¼è¸¦ Áã°í ÀÖ¾ú´Âµ¥, ±×°ÍÀº ±× »óÀÚÀÇ ÀÚ¹°¼è¸¦ ¿­¾î ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ ¾ÆÀ̵éó·³, ·Î¸¶ ¹®¸íÀÇ º¸´Ù ¾î¸° ±¸¼º¿øµéÀº ±×µéÀÇ ÀÎÇü¿¡ ¿ÊÀ» ÀÔÈ÷°í ¹þ°åÀ» °ÍÀÌ°í ÃֽŠÀ¯Çà¿¡ µû¶ó ±×°ÍµéÀÇ ¸Ó¸®¿Í ¼Õ°¡¶ôÀ» Àå½ÄÇßÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ·Î¸¶ÀÇ ÀÎÇü¿¡ °üÇÑ ±ÛÀ̹ǷÎ, ¹®¸íÀÇ ÀÌÇØ¿Í ¹«¿ªÀÇ ¿ªÇÒ¿¡ °üÇÑ ³»¿ëÀÎ ¨è´Â Àüü È帧°ú °ü°è°¡ ¾ø´Ù. (±¸¹®) One doll, ( _which was_) _found_ near Prati in Rome, was made of ivory ~.: found ¡¦ RomeÀº ÁÖ¾î One dollÀ» ¼ö½ÄÇϸç, ¾Õ¿¡ 'ÁÖ°Ý °ü°è´ë¸í»ç(which)£«beµ¿»ç(was)'°¡ »ý·«µÇ¾ú´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * in line with: ~¿Í Á¶È­µÇ¾î, ~¿¡ µû¶ó * sensibility: °¨¼ö¼º * elegant: ¿ì¾ÆÇÑ * ivory: »ó¾Æ * huge: °Å´ëÇÑ * awareness: ÀÎ½Ä * comb: ºø * tiny: ÀÛÀº * unlock: ÀÚ¹°¼è¸¦ ¿­´Ù * decorate: Àå½ÄÇÏ´Ù 19. Çؼ®: ÀÌ»óÀûÀ¸·Î, °¡Á¤À̶õ ±× ±¸¼º¿øµéÀ» ¹Ù±ù ¼¼°èÀÇ ½ºÆ®·¹½º·ÎºÎÅÍ º¸È£ÇØÁÖ´Â Çùµ¿ÀûÀÌ°í, ¹®Á¦°¡ ¾ø´Â ±¸¼º´ÜÀ§ÀÌÁö¸¸, ½ÇÁ¦ °¡Á¤µéÀº ÀÌ·± ÀÌ»óÀ» °ÅÀÇ ¼ºÃëÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. Á¤±âÀûÀÎ °¥µîÀº ¹ýÄ¢ÀÌ¸ç ¿¹¿Ü°¡ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦·Î, °ø°³ÀûÀÎ ³íÀï°ú Åä·ÐÀº °¡Á· ±¸¼º¿øµé »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ ÇʼöÀûÀ¸·Î »ý±â´Â Â÷ÀÌÁ¡µéÀ» ÇØ°áÇÏ´Â ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù. ºÒÄèÇÑ ÁÖÁ¦¿Í »óȲµéÀ» ¹«½ÃÇÔÀ¸·Î½á °¥µîÀ» ÇÇÇÏ´Â °¡Á¤µéÀº ±×°ÍÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ´õ °­ÇØÁö´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ´õ ¾àÇØÁø´Ù. (°¡Á· üÁ¦´Â Çö´ë »ê¾÷»çȸÀÇ »çȸ °æÁ¦ÀûÀÎ Á¦µµµé°ú ¾ÆÁÖ Àß Á¶È­¸¦ ÀÌ·ç°í ÀÖ´Ù.) ºÐ³ëÀÇ °¨Á¤µéÀÌ ½×À̸鼭, ±×·¯ÇÑ °¡Á¤µéÀº ºó ²®µ¥±â·Î º¯ÇÒ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ³ô°í, ±× ¾È¿¡¼­ °¡Á¤ÀÇ ±¸¼º¿øµéÀº »óÈ£°£ÀÇ »ç¶ûÀ̳ª ÀÌÇØ ¾øÀÌ ±×µéÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀÌ Áö´Ñ Àǹ«¸¸ ¼öÇàÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ °¥µîÀ» °ø°³ÀûÀ¸·Î Ç¥ÃâÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº °¡Á¤ÀÇ °¥µîÀ» °ü¸®ÇÏ°í ±×°ÍÀ» Çã¿ë °¡´ÉÇÑ ¹üÀ§ ¾È¿¡ µÎ´Â ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) °¡Á¤ÀÇ ±¸¼º¿øµé »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ »ý±æ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °¥µî°ú Â÷ÀÌÁ¡µéÀ» ó¸®ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¼³¸íÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ±ÛÀ̹ǷÎ, °¡Á· üÁ¦°¡ Çö´ë »ê¾÷»çȸÀÇ »çȸ°æÁ¦ÀûÀÎ Á¦µµµé°ú Á¶È­¸¦ ÀÌ·é´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÇ ¨ê´Â Àüü È帧°ú °ü°è°¡ ¾ø´Ù. (±¸¹®) ¡¦ open disagreements and discussions are an excellent way of resolving the differences _that_ inevitably develop among family members.: ÁÖ°Ý °ü°è´ë¸í»ç thatÀÌ À̲ø°í ÀÖ´Â that ¡¦ members°¡ the differences¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * cooperative: Çùµ¿ÀûÀÎ * shelter: º¸È£ÇÏ´Ù * periodic: Á¤±âÀûÀÎ * conflict: °¥µî * disagreement: ºÒÀÏÄ¡, ³íÀï, ºÒÈ­ * resolve: ÇØ°áÇÏ´Ù * inevitably: ÇʼöÀûÀ¸·Î * be in tune with: ~¿Í Á¶È­¸¦ ÀÌ·ç´Ù * institution: Á¦µµ * empty: ºñ¾î ÀÖ´Â * obligation: Àǹ« * bounds: ¹üÀ§, ÇÑ°è 20. Çؼ®: ±³Á¦ÇÏ´Â ´É·ÂÀÌ °Ç°­¿¡ °áÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ£´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ÀǽÉÀÇ ¿©Áö°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ±³Á¦´É·ÂÀÌ ´õ ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀº ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé°ú °ü°è¸¦ È®¸³ÇÏ´Â ´É·ÂÀÌ ´úÇÑ »ç¶÷µéº¸´Ù ´õ °­ÇÑ ¸é¿ª ü°è¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÑ ¿¬±¸´Â °³ÀεéÀÇ »ç±³¼ºÀ» ¸é¿ªÃ¼°èÀÇ È¿À²¼º¿¡ °ü·ÃÇؼ­ Á÷Á¢ÀûÀ¸·Î ÃøÁ¤Çß´Ù. 334¸í¿¡°Ô Áú¹®Áö¸¦ ÁÖ°í ¸éÁ¢À» ÇØ ±×µéÀÇ »ç±³¼º, Áï ÀÏ»ó»ýÈ°¿¡¼­ Àΰ£°ü°èÀÇ ¾ç°ú ÁúÀ» ÃøÁ¤Çß´Ù. (¿¬±¸¿øµéÀº Àü ÁֹεéÀ» ´ëÇ¥ÇÏ´Â »ùÇÃÀ» ¾ò´Â ¹ýÀ» ¾ËÁö ¸øÇß´Ù.) ±× ´ÙÀ½ ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ÀÏ¹Ý °¨±â ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º¿¡ ³ëÃâ½ÃÄ×´Ù. ´õ »ç±³ÀûÀÎ »ç¶÷Àϼö·Ï, °¨¿°ÀÌ ´õ Àû°Ô µÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹àÇôÁ³´Ù. (Çؼ³) »ç±³¼º°ú ¸é¿ªÃ¼°èÀÇ È¿À²¼ºÀÌ °ü°è°¡ ÀÖ¾î °á±¹¿¡´Â °Ç°­¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ£´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀ̹ǷÎ, ÁֹΠÀüü¸¦ ´ëÇ¥ÇÏ´Â »ùÇÃÀ» ¾ò´Â ¹ý¿¡ °ü·ÃµÈ ¨éÀº Àüü È帧°ú °ü°è°¡ ¾ø´Ù. (±¸¹®) _It_ was found _that_ the more sociable a person was, the less subject he was to contagion.: ItÀº Çü½Ä»óÀÇ °¡ÁÖ¾îÀÌ°í, thatÀÌ À̲ø°í ÀÖ´Â ÀýÀÌ Àǹ̻óÀÇ ÁøÁÖ¾îÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * capacity: ´É·Â * contact: ±³Á¦, Á¢ÃË * immune system: ¸é¿ªÃ¼°è * establish: È®¸³ÇÏ´Ù * in relation to: ~¿Í °ü·ÃÇؼ­ * efficiency: È¿À²¼º * questionnaire: Áú¹®¼­, ¾ÓÄÉÆ® * representative: ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀÎ * be exposed to: ~¿¡ ³ëÃâµÇ´Ù * be subject to: ~À» ´çÇÏ´Ù, ~À» ¹Þ´Ù 21. Çؼ®: ¼ö³â°£¿¡ °ÉÃÄ µ¿Àü¿¡ µî±ÞÀ» ¸Å±â´Â ´Ù¾çÇÑ Ã¼°è°¡ °ñµ¿Ç° µ¿Àü Àü¹®°¡µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¹ß´ÞµÇ¾î ¿Ô´Ù. ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­´Â 1ºÎÅÍ 70±îÁöÀÇ µî±Þ¿¡ ±âÃʸ¦ µÐ ¼ýÀÚ·Î ³ªÅ¸³½ ü°è°¡ µµÀԵǾú´Âµ¥, ±× ü°è¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé 1ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÑ °¡Àå ³·Àº µî±ÞÀÌ°í 70Àº ¿Ïº®ÇÏ´Ù. À¯·´ÀÇ Ã¼°è´Â ¸»·Î ¸Å±â´Â µî±ÞÀε¥ ¹Ì±¹ ü°èÀÇ °¢ 10¿¡ ´ë·« ÀÏÄ¡ÇÑ´Ù. (µ¿ÀüÀº ÇÑ ³ª¶óÀÇ ¿ª»ç¿Í ±×°ÍÀÇ ¿­¸ÁÀ» ¹Ý¿µÇϸç, óÀ½ ¸¸µé¾îÁø °÷¿¡ ±âÃʸ¦ µÐ ¼öÁýÀÌ ¹ß´ÞÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ´ç¿¬ÇÏ´Ù.) µû¶ó¼­ À¯·´ÀÇ ¡®good¡¯À̶ó´Â µî±ÞÀº ¹Ì±¹ ü°èÀÇ 20¿¡ ÀÏÄ¡Çϸç, ¡®fine¡¯Àº 30¿¡, ¡®very fine¡¯Àº 40¿¡, ¡®extremely fine¡¯Àº 50¿¡, ±×¸®°í ¡®almost perfect¡¯´Â 60¿¡ ÀÏÄ¡ÇÑ´Ù. ÃÖ±Ù±îÁö, ¼ýÀÚ·Î µî±ÞÀ» ¸Å±â´Â °ÍÀº ´ÜÁö ¹Ì±¹ µ¿Àü¿¡¸¸ Àû¿ëµÇ¾úÁö¸¸, ±Ã±ØÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÌ ¼ýÀÚµéÀÌ Àü ¼¼°èÀÇ ¸ðµç ÇüÅÂÀÇ µ¿Àü¿¡ »ç¿ëµÉ °ÍÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ ±× ÀǵµÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) 108ÂÊ µ¿Àü¿¡ µî±ÞÀ» ¸Å±â´Â ü°è¿¡ °üÇÑ ±ÛÀ̹ǷÎ, µ¿ÀüÀÌ ÇÑ ³ª¶óÀÇ ¿ª»ç¸¦ ¹Ý¿µÇÏ°í ¸¸µé¾îÁø Àå¼Ò¿¡ ±âÃʸ¦ µÐ ¼öÁýÀÌ ¹ß´ÞÇÑ´Ù´Â ¨éÀº Àüü È帧°ú °ü°è°¡ ¾ø´Ù. (±¸¹®) The European grades, _verbal descriptions_, correspond roughly to every ten of the American grades.: verbal descriptions¿Í ÁÖ¾î The European grades´Â µ¿°ÝÀÇ °ü°è ÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * antique: °í´ëÀÇ * specialist: Àü¹®°¡ * scale: µî±Þ * description: µî±Þ, ¹¦»ç * correspond to: ~¿¡ ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Ù * roughly: ´ë·« * aspiration: ¿­¸Á, Æ÷ºÎ * intention: Àǵµ, ¸ñÀû * eventually: °á±¹ 22. Çؼ®: »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¸ð½ÀÀ» ±×¸± ¶§ ¾ÆÀ̵éÀº Á¾Á¾ ¸öÀÇ ³ª¸ÓÁö ºÎºÐ¿¡ ºñÇØ ¸Ó¸®¸¦ ³Ê¹« Å©°Ô ¸¸µç´Ù. ÃÖ±ÙÀÇ ÇÑ ¿¬±¸´Â ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÇ ±×¸²¿¡¼­ ÈçÈ÷ º¸ÀÌ´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ºÒ±ÕÇü¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾à°£ÀÇ ÅëÂû·ÂÀ» Á¦°øÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±× ¿¬±¸ÀÇ ÀϺηÎ, ¿¬±¸¿øµéÀº 4»ì¿¡¼­ 7»ì±îÁöÀÇ ¾ÆÀ̵鿡°Ô ¸î Á¡ÀÇ ¾î¸¥ ±×¸²À» ±×¸®°Ô Çß´Ù. ±×µéÀÌ ¾î¸¥µéÀÇ ¾Õ¸ð½ÀÀ» ±×·ÈÀ» ¶§, ¸Ó¸®ÀÇ Å©±â´Â µÎµå·¯Áö°Ô È®´ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. (¾î¸¥µéÀº ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÇ ¾ó±¼À» ÀڽŵéÀÇ °Íº¸´Ù ´õ Å©°Ô ±×¸®´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.) ÇÏÁö¸¸, ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÌ ¾î¸¥µéÀÇ µÞ¸ð½ÀÀ» ±×·ÈÀ» ¶§, ¸Ó¸®ÀÇ Å©±â´Â °ÅÀÇ ±×·¸°Ô °úÀåµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¿¬±¸¿øµéÀº ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÌ ¾ó±¼ÀÇ ¼¼ºÎ»çÇ×µéÀ» À§ÇÑ °ø°£À» ³²°Ü µÎ¾î¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖÀ» ¶§ ´õ Å« ¸Ó¸®¸¦ ±×¸°´Ù´Â Á¡À» ½Ã»çÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÌ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¸ð½ÀÀ» ±×¸± ¶§ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â ƯÀÌÇÑ Á¡¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼³¸íÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ±ÛÀε¥, ¨éÀº ¾î¸¥µéÀÌ ±×¸®´Â ±×¸²¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾ð±ÞÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î Àüü È帧°ú °ü°è°¡ ¾ø´Ù. (±¸¹®) _When(they are) drawing_ human figures, children often make the head too large for the rest of the body.: When°ú drawing »çÀÌ¿¡´Â 'ÁÖ¾î(they)£«beµ¿»ç(are)'°¡ »ý·«µÇ¾ú´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * figure: ¸ð¾ç, Àι° * insight: ÅëÂû·Â * imbalance: ºÒ±ÕÇü * frontal: ¾ÕÀÇ * markedly: µÎµå·¯Áö°Ô * enlarge: È®´ëÇÏ´Ù * rear: µÚ, ÈĹæÀÇ * exaggerated: °úÀåµÈ * detail: ¼¼ºÎ »çÇ× 23. Çؼ®: ºñ¹ö¸¸Å­À̳ª ¸ðÇǸ¦ À§ÇØ ¹«ÀÚºñÇÏ°Ô ÂøÃëµÇ¾îÁ® ¿Â µ¿¹°µµ °ÅÀÇ ¾ø´Ù. 18¼¼±â¿Í 19¼¼±â¿¡ ºñ¹öÀÇ ¸ðÇÇ´Â ±ÝÀ¸·Î ±× ¹«°Ô¸¸Å­À̳ª °¡Ä¡°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. °á°úÀûÀ¸·Î 1896³â °æ, Àû¾îµµ ¹Ì±¹ 14°³ÀÇ ÁÖµéÀÌ ¸ðµç ºñ¹öµéÀÌ »ì»óµÇ¾ú´Ù°í ¹ßÇ¥Çß´Ù. 20¼¼±â ÃʹÝ, ºñ¹ö°¡ Áö±¸»ó¿¡¼­ ¸· »ç¶óÁú °Íó·³ º¸¿´´Ù. (ºñ¹ö´Â Å©°í ÆòÆòÇÑ ²¿¸®¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â Ä¿´Ù¶õ Áãó·³ »ý±ä ÅÐÀÌ ¸¹Àº µ¿¹°ÀÌ´Ù.) ÇÏÁö¸¸ ºñ¹ö¸¦ »ýÆ÷Çؼ­ ¾ÈÀüÇÑ Áö¿ªÀ¸·Î, ƯÈ÷ ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ±³¿Ü Áö¿ªÀ¸·Î Àç¹èÄ¡½ÃÅ°´Â ºñ¹ö µÇ»ì¸®±â ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ ´öºÐ¿¡ ºñ¹ö´Â ³ª¶ó Àü¿ª¿¡ ÀλóÀûÀÎ º¹±Í¸¦ Çß´Ù. (Çؼ³) ºñ¹ö°¡ ¸ðÇÇ ¶§¹®¿¡ ³²È¹µÈ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÇ ±ÛÀÌÁö¸¸ ¨ê´Â ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ºñ¹öÀÇ ¿ÜÇü ¹¦»ç¿¡ °üÇÑ ³»¿ëÀ̹ǷÎ, ¡®³²È¹¡¯À̶ó´Â ±ÛÀÇ ÁÖÁ¦¿Í ¿¬°ü¼ºÀÌ ¶³¾îÁø´Ù. (±¸¹®) _Few_ animals have been so mercilessly exploited for their fur as the beaver.: a few´Â ±àÁ¤ÀûÀÎ Àǹ̷Π¡®¾à°£¡¯ÀÇ ¶æÀ̸ç, few´Â ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀÎ Àǹ̷Π¡®°ÅÀÇ ~¾Ê´Ù¡¯ÀÇ ¶æÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * mercilessly: ¹«ÀÚºñÇÏ°Ô * furry: ÅÐÀÌ ¸¹Àº * suburban: ±³¿ÜÀÇ, ¿Ü°ûÀÇ 109ÂÊ ^[08°­ ¿¬°á»ç Ãß·Ð º»¹® 128~138ÂÊ 01 ¨è 02 ¨è 03 ¨ç 04 ¨é 05 ¨è 06 ¨é 07 ¨é 08 ¨è 09 ¨ç 10 ¨ê 11 ¨ë 12 ¨ç 13 ¨ç 14 ¨ç 15 ¨é 16 ¨ç 17 ¨è 18 ¨è 19 ¨è 20 ¨é 21 ¨é 22 ¨ç 23 ¨ê 24 ¨ç 25 ¨è 01. Çؼ®: Àڱ⠰¨½Ã´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ±×µé ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ¹æ½ÄÀ» ¾ó¸¶³ª ¸¹ÀÌ ÅëÁ¦ÇÏ·Á°í ÇÒÁö¸¦ ÀÏÄ´´Ù. ³ôÀº ¼öÁØÀÇ Àڱ⠰¨½Ã¸¦ Áö´Ñ »ç¶÷µéÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÇàÀ§°¡ »çȸÀûÀ¸·Î ¿ëÀ뵃 ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ̱⸦ ¹Ù¶õ´Ù. ±×µéÀº ÀûÀýÇϰųª ºÎÀûÀýÇÑ ÇàÀ§¸¦ ¾Ë·ÁÁÖ´Â ¾î¶² »çȸÀû ½ÅÈ£¿¡ ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ¸ÂÃá´Ù. _¿¹¸¦ µé¾î_, ±×µéÀÌ È¸ÀÇ¿¡ Âü¼®ÇÏ¿© ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¿©·¯ ¾ÈÀ» Á¦½ÃÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» º¸´Â °æ¿ì ±×µéµµ ¶ÇÇÑ ¿©·¯ ¾ÈÀ» Á¦½ÃÇÏ·Á°í ³ë·ÂÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¶ÇÇÑ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×µé¿¡ ´ëÇØ »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â ÀÏ¿¡ ´É¼÷ÇÏ´Ù. _´ëÁ¶ÀûÀ¸·Î_, ³·Àº ¼öÁØÀÇ Àڱ⠰¨½Ã¸¦ Áö´Ñ »ç¶÷µéÀº »çȸÀûÀ¸·Î ¿ëÀ뵃 ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÇàÀ§¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ½ÅÈ£¿¡ ±×¸® ¹Î°¨ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¾î´À ƯÁ¤ »óȲ¿¡¼­ ¿Ã¹Ù¸¥ ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ÇൿÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ ´ë´ÜÈ÷ °ÆÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ÇÑ Á¶Á÷ÀÇ Àå(íþ)°ú ÇÔ²² ȸÀÇ¿¡ Âü¼®ÇÑ °æ¿ì ±×µéÀº Áö·çÇÏ´Ù´Â ÇൿÀ» º¸ÀÏÁöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù. ±×µéÀº ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×µéÀ» ¹Ù¶óº¸´Â ¹æ½Ä¿¡ ´ëÇØ ±íÀÌ °ÆÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. (Çؼ³) (A) ºóÄ­ ¾Õ¿¡´Â Àڱ⠰¨½ÃÀÇ ¼öÁØÀÌ ³ôÀº »ç¶÷µéÀÇ Æ¯Â¡ÀÌ ¾ð±ÞµÇ°í µÚ¿¡´Â ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀÎ »ç·Ê°¡ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â »óȲÀÌ Á¦½ÃµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ºóÄ­¿¡´Â For exampleÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (B) ºóÄ­ ¾Õ¿¡´Â Àڱ⠰¨½ÃÀÇ ¼öÁØÀÌ ³ôÀº »ç¶÷¿¡ °üÇÑ ¼³¸íÀÌ ÀÖ°í µÚ¿¡´Â ±×¿Í ¹Ý´ëµÇ´Â Àι°¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼³¸íÀÌ ½ÃÀ۵ǹǷÎ, ºóÄ­¿¡´Â In contrast°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) For example, if they are in a meeting and 46^^_see others making suggestions_, they will try to make suggestions as well.: see´Â °¨°¢À» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â µ¿»çÀÌ°í, others´Â ¸ñÀû¾îÀ̸ç, making suggestions´Â ¸ñÀû¾î¸¦ º¸Ãæ ¼³¸íÇÏ´Â ¸»·Î »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * present: ³ªÅ¸³»´Ù, ¸ð½ÀÀ» º¸ÀÌ´Ù * adjust: ¸ÂÃß´Ù, Á¶Á¤ÇÏ´Ù * appropriate: ÀûÀýÇÑ * sensitive: ¹Î°¨ÇÑ, ¿¹¹ÎÇÑ * be concerned about: ~¿¡ ´ëÇØ °ÆÁ¤ÇÏ´Ù 02. Çؼ®: ¼®À¯¿Í °¡½º ÀÚ¿øÀº ¼ö¹é¸¸ ³âÀÌ °É¸®´Â °úÁ¤¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ °á°ú·Î »ý¼ºµÇ¾î ÁöÁúÇÐÀûÀ¸·Î ¹¯Çô ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ̹ǷΠ±âÈÄ º¯È­¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÞÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. _´Ù¸¥ ÇÑÆíÀ¸·Î_, ±âÈÄ º¯È­´Â ¼®À¯¿Í °¡½º¸¦ »ý»êÇÏ´Â Áö¿ªµéÀ» Æó¼âÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, µ¤¿© ÀÖ´Â ¾óÀ½ÀÇ ¾çÀ» °¨¼Ò½ÃÅ´À¸·Î½á ºÏ±Ø Áö¿ªÀÇ Å½»ç °¡´É¼ºÀ» ³ô¿© ÁÙ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ±âÈÄ º¯È­°¡ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÚ¿øµé¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡Áö´Â ¾Ê°ÚÁö¸¸, ±âÈÄ º¯È­´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÚ¿øµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¢±Ù °¡´É¼º¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¥ °ÍÀ̹ǷÎ, ¸ÅÀåµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ¼®À¯¿Í °¡½º ¸ÅÀå·® ±×¸®°í ¾Ë·ÁÁø ȤÀº ¹ß°ß °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ÀÚ¿øµéÀÌ »õ·Î¿î ±âÈÄ Á¶°Ç¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. _¿¹¸¦ µé¾î_, ½Ãº£¸®¾Æ¿¡¼­ ½ÇÁ¦ÀûÀΠŽ»çÀÇ ¾î·Á¿î ¹®Á¦´Â 1¿ù¿¡ ±â¿ÂÀÌ ¿µÇÏ 20¡É¿¡¼­ ¿µÇÏ 35¡É¿¡ À̸£´Â ±ØÇÑÀÇ È¯°æ Á¶°Ç ÇÏ¿¡¼­ ¼®À¯¿¡ Á¢±ÙÇÏ¿©, »ý»êÇÏ°í, ¹è¼ÛÇÏ´Â µ¥ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ½Ã°£ÀÌ´Ù. ¿Â³­È­´Â ±ØÇÑÀÇ È¯°æ Á¶°ÇÀ» ¿ÏÈ­ÇÏ¿©, »ý»ê ÇÑ°è Áö¿ªÀ» ³ÐÇô ÁÙ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. (Çؼ³) (A) ¾ÕÀÇ ³»¿ëÀº ÀÚ¿ø ±× ÀÚü´Â ±âÈÄ º¯È­ÀÇ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÞÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ°í, µÚÀÇ ³»¿ëÀº ±âÈÄ º¯È­°¡ ÀÚ¿ø Ž»ç °¡´É¼º¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» Áشٴ ³»¿ëÀ̹ǷÎ, ¡®´Ù¸¥ ÇÑÆíÀ¸·Î, ¹Ý¸é¿¡¡¯ÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ¿¬°á¾î On the other hand°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (B) ±âÈÄ º¯È­·Î ÀÎÇÑ ÀÚ¿ø¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¢±Ù °¡´É¼ºÀÇ º¯È­¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ±¸Ã¼Àû »ç·Ê¸¦ ½Ãº£¸®¾Æ¿¡¼­ÀÇ »óȲÀ» µé¾î ¼³¸íÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¿¹½ÃÀÇ ¿¬°á¾î for instance°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) Thus, [ _while_ climate change may not impact these resources], oil and gas reserves and known or potential resources could be affected by new climate conditions, [ _since_ climate change may affect access to these resources].: ù ¹ø° [ ]·Î Ç¥½ÃµÈ ºÎºÐÀº ¾çº¸¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÏ´Â ºÎ»çÀý·Î, whileÀº althoughÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ °®´Â´Ù. µÎ ¹ø° [ ]·Î Ç¥½ÃµÈ ºÎºÐÀº ÀÌÀ¯¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ºÎ»çÀý·Î »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * impact: ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÖ´Ù * geologically: ÁöÁúÇÐÀûÀ¸·Î * shutting down: Æó¼â * exploration: Ž»ç * reserves: ¸ÅÀå·® * potential: °¡´É¼º ÀÖ´Â * frontier: °æ°è, ±¹°æ 03. Çؼ®: ÀÚ¸¸½ÉÀº ³»°¡ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéº¸´Ù ³´°í, ³»°¡ ÃÖ°íÀÇ ¹Ì¸ð, Àç´É, ÇØ´äÀ» °®°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ³ª¸¸ÀÌ ¼¼»óÀ» Áö¹èÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â »ý°¢ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÚ¸¸½ÉÀº »ç¶÷µé·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ÁøÁ¤ ´©±¸ÀÎÁö ±×¸®°í ¹«¾ùÀÌ ÇູÀ» °¡Á®´ÙÁÖ´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Çö½Ç°¨À» ÀÒ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÚ¸¸½ÉÀº »ç¶÷µé·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ °¡Ä¡³ª ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ °¡Ä¡¸¦ °æÇèÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. ¹Ý¸é¿¡, ÀÚÁ¸°¨Àº ¸ðµç Á¾·ùÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ´Ù·ê ¶§¿¡ Æò¾ÈÇÔ°ú Áñ°Å¿òÀ» ÁØ´Ù. ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ ÀǹÌÀÇ ÀÚÁ¸°¨À» °¡Áú ¶§, ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé°ú ºñ±³Çϰųª, ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀ» Çæ¶â°Å³ª, ¿ì¿ù°¨À» ´À³¥ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ±× ´ë½Å¿¡, ÀÏü°¨°ú ³ª´®ÀÇ °æÇèÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÚ 110ÂÊ ½ÅÀÇ ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ °¡Ä¡°¡ ¾îµð¿¡ ÀÖ´ÂÁö ÀνÄÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, µ¿½Ã¿¡ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ °¡Ä¡µµ ÀνÄÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. (Çؼ³) (A) ÀÚ¸¸½É°ú ´ëºñ½ÃÄѼ­ ÀÚÁ¸°¨¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼³¸íÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¿ªÁ¢ÀÇ ¿¬°á¾î on the other hand°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (B) ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé°ú ºñ±³Çϰųª, ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀ» Çæ¶â°Å³ª, ¿ì¿ù°¨À» ´À³¥ Çʿ並 ´À³¢´Â ´ë½Å¿¡, ÀÏü°¨°ú ³ª´®ÀÇ °æÇèÀ» °®°Ô µÈ´Ù°í ÇØ¾ß ÇϹǷÎ, Instead°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) Pride _causes_ individuals _to be_ out of touch with the reality _of_ who they truly are and _of_ what really brings happiness.: cause´Â toºÎÁ¤»ç¸¦ ¸ñÀû°Ýº¸¾î·Î ÃëÇϸç, of who ~¿Í of what ~Àº µÑ ´Ù the reality¿Í ¿¬°áµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * ultimate: ÃÖ°íÀÇ, ±Ã±ØÀûÀÎ * be out of touch with reality: Çö½ÇÀ» ¸ð¸£´Ù * self-worth: ÀÚÁ¸°¨, ÀÚºÎ½É * oneness: ÀÏü°¨, ÀÏÄ¡ 04. Çؼ®: ÀüÅëÀûÀ¸·Î ¿ì¸®´Â °è»ê ¹®Á¦µé·Î °¡µæ Âù ÆäÀÌÁö¿¡¼­ Á¤´ä ¼ö¿¡ ±Ù°ÅÇÏ¿© ¼öÇÐ ´É·ÂÀ» Æò°¡ÇØ ¿Ô´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î »ç½ÇÀ» ÇнÀÇÏ°í ¾Ï±âÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¼öÇÐ ±³À° ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÇ ÇÙ½É ¿ä¼Ò¿´´Ù. _±×·¸Áö¸¸_, ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ ¸¹Àº ±³»çµéÀº ¼öÇÐÀû ÀÌÇØ, ¹®Á¦ ÇØ°á, Á÷Á¢ °æÇè, ±×¸®°í °øµ¿ ÀÛ¾÷¿¡ ´õ Å« ÁßÁ¡À» µÎ±â ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ±³À° ÇÁ·Î±×·¥¿¡¼­ÀÇ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ º¯È­´Â Á¤º¸¿¡ Á¤ÅëÇÑ ±³»çµé°ú ¼öÇÐ ±³»ç Àü±¹ ÇùÀÇȸÀÇ ³ë·Â¿¡ ±âÀÎÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌÁ¦ ±³»çµéÀº ÇлýµéÀÌ °è»ê±â¿Í ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ, ±×¸®°í ´Ù¸¥ ÇüÅÂÀÇ ±â¼úÀ» ½±°Ô ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¼¼»ó¿¡¼­ ¼öÇÐÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ °ÍÀÓÀ» ÀνÄÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ´Ü¼øÇÑ »ç½Ç ½Àµæº¸´Ù´Â ¼öÇÐÀÇ Àû¿ëÀÌ Á÷Àå°ú Àλý¿¡¼­ ±×µé¿¡°Ô ±â´ëµÉ °ÍÀ̸ç, _°á°úÀûÀ¸·Î_ ¼öÇÐ ±³À°Àº ÀÌ·± ½Ç»ýÈ°ÀÇ Àû¿ëÀ» ¹Ý¿µÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (Çؼ³) (A) ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ ¼öÇÐ ±³À°¿¡ ´ëÇØ À̾߱âÇÏ´Ù°¡ ¼öÇÐ ±³À°ÀÇ ÃÖ±Ù º¯È­¿¡ ´ëÇÑ À̾߱â·Î ³Ñ¾î°¡´Â ºÎºÐÀ̹ǷÎ, ¿ªÁ¢ÀÇ ¿¬°á¾î however°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (B) Á÷Àå°ú Àλý¿¡¼­ ´Ü¼øÇÑ ¼öÇÐÀû »ç½Ç ½Àµæº¸´Ù´Â ¼öÇÐÀÇ Àû¿ëÀÌ ±â´ëµÉ °ÍÀ̹ǷÎ, °á°úÀûÀ¸·Î ¼öÇÐ ±³À°ÀÌ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¸éÀ» ¹Ý¿µÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â ÀǹÌÀ̹ǷÎ, °á°úÀÇ ¿¬°á¾î consequently°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) Therefore, _the application_ of mathematics, rather than mere fact acquisition, _is_ what will be expected of them in the workplace and in life, and consequently mathematics instruction should mirror this real life application.: rather than mere fact acquisitionÀº ¹®Àå Áß°£¿¡ »ðÀÔµÈ ±¸À̸ç, ¹®ÀåÀÇ ÁÖ¾î´Â the application of mathematicsÀÌ°í µ¿»ç´Â isÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * instructional: ±³À°ÀÇ * hands-on: (¸»¸¸ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í) Á÷Á¢ ÇØ º¸´Â * be attributed to: ~¿¡ ±âÀÎÇÏ´Ù * well-informed: Á¤º¸¿¡ Á¤ÅëÇÑ * council: ÇùÀÇȸ, ÀÇȸ * application: Àû¿ë * acquisition: ½Àµæ * mirror: ¹Ý¿µÇÏ´Ù 05. Çؼ®: ½Ä¹°µéÀÌ Ã³À½¿¡ °°Àº ºÎ·ù·Î ºÐ·ùµÉ ¶§ ±×°ÍÀº ´ÜÁö Æí¸®ÇÔÀ» À§ÇÑ °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ¿À´Ã³¯¿¡µµ, ½Ä¹°À» ´õ ½±°Ô È®ÀÎÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ·Á°í ÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀÌÁö ¾ÊÀº Áý´ÜÀ¸·Î ÇÔ²² ºÐ·ùÇÏ´Â µíÇÏ´Ù. _¿¹¸¦ µé¾î_, ÀϺΠ¾ß»ýÈ­ ¼­ÀûÀº ²ÉÀÌ Èò ¸ðµç Á¾À̳ª ²ÉÀÌ ³ë¶õ ¸ðµç Á¾À» ÇÔ²² Á¤¸®ÇØ ³õ´Â´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×¿Í °°ÀÌ ¸ð¾Æ ³õ´Â °ÍÀº ÀÚ¿¬Àû °ü°è¸¦ ¹Ý¿µÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, °úÀÇ Æ¯Â¡À» ÀνÄÇϱ⠾î·Æ°Ô ¸¸µç´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ¸Ó¸®Ä«¶ôÀÌ »¡°£ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¸Ó¸®Ä«¶ôÀÌ Â£Àº »ç¶÷º¸´Ù ¼­·Î¿¡°Ô ´õ ¹ÐÁ¢ÇÏ°Ô °ü·ÃµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù°í Ãß·ÐÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î, ÅÐÀÌ ±ä ¸ðµç °³°¡ ÅÐÀÌ ÂªÀº °³º¸´Ù ¼­·Î¿¡°Ô ´õ ¹ÐÁ¢ÇÏ°Ô °ü·ÃµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â °Íµµ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. _±×·¯¹Ç·Î_, Çö´ëÀÇ ½Ä¹°ÇÐÀÚ´Â ÀÚ¿¬Àû °ü°è¿¡ µû¶ó ½Ä¹°À» ºÐ·ùÇÏ·Á°í ÇÑ´Ù. (Çؼ³) (A) ºóÄ­ ¾Õ¿¡´Â Æí¸®ÇÔÀ» À§ÇØ ÀÚ¿¬ ¹ýÄ¢¿¡ ¹ÝÇÏ°Ô ½Ä¹°À» ºÐ·ùÇÑ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ ³ª¿À°í, µÚ¿¡´Â ²ÉÀÌ Èò ¸ðµç Á¾À̳ª ²ÉÀÌ ³ë¶õ ¸ðµç Á¾À» ÇÔ²² Á¤¸®ÇØ ³õÀº ÀϺΠ¾ß»ýÈ­ ¼­Àû¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀÎ ¿¹°¡ ³ª¿À¹Ç·Î, ¿¹½ÃÀÇ ¿¬°á¾î For exampleÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (B) ºóÄ­ ¾Õ¿¡´Â »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¸Ó¸®Ä«¶ô »öÀÌ °°°Å³ª °³ÀÇ ÅÐÀÇ ±æÀÌ°¡ À¯»çÇÏ´Ù°í Çؼ­ ¼­·Î¿¡°Ô ´õ ¹ÐÁ¢ÇÑ °ü·ÃÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï¶ó´Â ÀÚ¿¬½º·´Áö ¸øÇÑ ºÐ·ù¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³»¿ëÀÌ ³ª¿À°í, µÚ¿¡´Â ÀÚ¿¬Àû °ü°è¿¡ µû¶ó ½Ä¹°À» ºÐ·ùÇÑ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ ³ª¿À¹Ç·Î, °á°úÀÇ ¿¬°á¾î therefore°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) However, such groupings do not reflect natural relationships and make _it_ difficult 46^^_to recognize family characteristics_.: itÀº Çü½Ä»óÀÇ °¡¸ñÀû¾îÀÌ°í Àǹ̻óÀÇ Áø¸ñÀû¾î´Â to recognize family characteristicsÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * group: (ü°èÀûÀ¸·Î) ºÐ·ùÇÏ´Ù, ¸ðÀ¸´Ù * convenience: Æí¸®, ÆíÀÇ * categorize: ºÐ·ùÇÏ´Ù * grouping: ¸ðÀ¸´Â ÀÏ, Áý´Ü * identify: È®ÀÎÇÏ´Ù * wildflower: ¾ß»ýÈ­ * arrange: Á¤¸®ÇÏ´Ù, ¹è¿­ÇÏ´Ù * infer: Ãß·ÐÇÏ´Ù 111ÂÊ 06. Çؼ®: ¸ðµç Àΰ£ »çȸ¿¡´Â »óÇ°°ú ¼­ºñ½º°¡ »êÃâµÇ°í, ºÐ¹èµÇ¸ç, ¼ÒºñµÇ´Â °æÁ¦ ü°è°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¾î¶² Á¡¿¡¼­´Â, ¹®È­ÀÇ °æÁ¦ÀûÀÎ ¾ç»óÀº »ç¶÷µéÀÇ »îÀÇ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¿µ¿ª¿¡ ´ëÇØ ±×µéÀÌ ÇÏ´Â ¼±ÅÃÀÇ ´Ü¼øÇÑ ÇÕÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¼±ÅÃÀÌ °áÁ¤ÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¶÷µéÀÇ »îÀÇ ¸¹Àº ºÎºÐÀ» °áÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. _¿¹¸¦ µé¾î_, º¸Çè¼³°è»çº¸´Ù ³óºÎ°¡ µÇ±â·Î °áÁ¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾îµð¿¡ »ì°í, ´©±¸¸¦ ¸¸³ª°Ô µÉ °ÍÀ̸ç, ¹è¿ìÀÚ¿Í Àڳ࿡°Ô¼­ ±â´ëÇÏ°Ô µÉ Çൿ À¯Çü µîÀ» °áÁ¤ÇÏ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ±×·¯ÇÑ ¼±ÅÃÀÌ ¹«Á¦ÇÑÀÎ °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ¿ÀÈ÷·Á, ±×°ÍµéÀº ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¹®È­, ÀüÅë, ±×¸®°í ±â¼ú¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Á¦ÇѵȴÙ. _°Ô´Ù°¡_, ȯ°æÀÌ »óÇ°°ú ¼­ºñ½ºÀÇ »ý»ê, ºÐ¹è, ¼Òºñ¿¡ °üÇÑ ¼±ÅÃÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö´Â °æ°è¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. °æÁ¦ ü°è°¡ ¹®È­ÀÇ ÀϺÎÀÎ °á°ú·Î, ´Ù¸¥ ¹®È­¿¡ »ç´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ Á¾·ùÀÇ °æÁ¦Àû ÇൿÀ» ÃëÇÑ´Ù. (Çؼ³) (A) ºóÄ­ ¾Õ¿¡´Â ¸ðµç Àΰ£ »çȸ¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â °æÁ¦ ü°è ³»¿¡¼­ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¼±ÅÃÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ±×µéÀÇ »îÀÇ ¸¹Àº ºÎºÐÀ» °áÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ ³ª¿À°í, µÚ¿¡´Â º¸Çè¼³°è»çº¸´Ù ³óºÎ°¡ µÇ±â·Î ¼±ÅÃÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÇ »î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀÎ ¿¹°¡ ³ª¿À¹Ç·Î, ¿¹½ÃÀÇ ¿¬°á¾î For exampleÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (B) ºóÄ­ ¾Õ¿¡´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¼±ÅÃÀº ¹«Á¦ÇÑÀÎ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¹®È­, ÀüÅë, ±â¼ú¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Á¦Çѵȴٴ ³»¿ëÀÌ ³ª¿À°í, µÚ¿¡´Â ȯ°æµµ ¼±ÅÃÀÇ °æ°è¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ ³ª¿À¹Ç·Î, ÷°¡¡¤ºÎ¿¬ÀÇ ¿¬°á¾î Furthermore°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) For example, _choosing_ to become a farmer rather than an insurance broker may determine 46^^_where you live, who you are likely to meet, the sorts of behaviors_ (which/that) you will expect in your spouse and offspring, and so on.: ¸í»ç±¸ choosing ¡¦ broker°¡ ¹®ÀåÀÇ ÁÖ¾îÀÌ´Ù. µ¿»ç determineÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î·Î °£Á¢Àǹ®¹®(where you live, who you are likely to meet)°ú ¸í»ç±¸(the sorts of behaviors)°¡ ³ª¿­µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¸í»ç±¸ the sorts of behaviors µÚ¿¡´Â ¸ñÀû°Ý °ü°è´ë¸í»ç which(that)°¡ »ý·«µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * distribute: ºÐ¹èÇÏ´Ù, ¹èÆ÷ÇÏ´Ù * critically: °áÁ¤ÀûÀ¸·Î, ºñÆÇÀûÀ¸·Î * insurance broker: º¸Çè¼³°è»ç * spouse: ¹è¿ìÀÚ * offspring: ÀÚ³à, ÀÚ½Ä * to the extent that: ~ÇÑ °á°ú·Î 07. Çؼ®: ¿À´Ã³¯ ºê¶óÁú¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Çѱ¹ÀÎ »ç¾÷ Àü¹®°¡µé, Àü ¼¼°è¿¡¼­ ¿À´Â °ü±¤°´µéÀ» ¸ÂÀÌÇÏ´Â Æú¶õµåÀΠȣÅÚ Á÷¿øµéÀ̳ª, Æ丣½Ã¾Æ ¸¸ ¿¬¾È Á¦±¹¿¡¼­ Á÷¾÷À» ÅÃÇÑ ÀεµÀÎ ±Ù·ÎÀڵ鿡 ÀÇÇØ ¿µ¾î°¡ Á¡Á¡ ´õ ¸¹ÀÌ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ÇÑ ¾ð¾îÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀÌ ºñ¿ø¾î¹Îµé °£ÀÇ ÀÇ»ç¼ÒÅë µµ±¸°¡ µÇ´Â °ÍÀÏ ¶§ ¿ì¸®´Â ±×°ÍÀ» ¿Â´çÈ÷ ¡®¿Ü±¹¡¯¾î¶ó°í ºÎ¸¦ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. _¿¹¸¦ µé¸é_, Ä¥·¹ Ãâ½ÅÀÇ ÇÑ È­ÀÚ°¡ Ä«ÀÚÈ彺ź Ãâ½ÅÀÇ µ¿·á¿Í ¿µ¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© »óÈ£´ëÈ­¸¦ ³ª´­ ¶§ ´©°¡ ¿Ü±¹ÀÎÀΰ¡? ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº »óȲ¿¡¼­´Â ¡®¿Ü±¹ÀΡ¯°ú ¡®¿Ü±¹¾î¡¯ÀÇ °³³äÀÌ Àû¿ëµÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ±× ´ë½Å¿¡, ¿ì¸®´Â ¿µ¾î°¡ ¡®lingua franca(±¹Á¦ °øÅë¾î)¡¯·Î¼­ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ´Â »óȲ¿¡ óÇÑ´Ù. _´Ù½Ã ¸»ÇØ_, ±×°ÍÀº ¸ð±¹¾î°¡ ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ È­ÀÚµéÀ» À§ÇÑ °øÅë¾î·Î¼­ÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (Çؼ³) (A) ºóÄ­ ¾Õ¿¡¼­´Â ¿µ¾î¸¦ ¡®¿Ü±¹¡¯¾î¶ó ºÎ¸¦ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼­¼úÇß°í, µÚ¿¡¼­´Â Ä¥·¹ Ãâ½Å°ú Ä«ÀÚÈ彺ź Ãâ½ÅÀÇ È­ÀÚµéÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¿µ¾î´Â ¿Ü±¹¾î°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó°í ÇßÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀÎ ¿¹½ÃÀÇ ¿¬°á¾î for exampleÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (B) ºóÄ­ µÚ¿¡¼­ ¿µ¾î°¡ lingua franca(±¹Á¦ °øÅë¾î)·Î ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÑ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀ» ½±°Ô ¹Ù²ã¼­ ´Ù½Ã Ç¥ÇöÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ȯ¾ðÀÇ ¿¬°á¾î That is to say°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) More and more today, English is used _by Korean professionals_ on business in Brazil, 46^^_by Polish hotel staff_ welcoming tourists from around the world, or _by Indian workers_ who have taken up jobs in the Gulf States.: by ~°¡ 'A, B, or C'·Î º´·Ä ±¸Á¶¸¦ ÀÌ·ç°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÇöÀçºÐ»ç welcomingÀÌ À̲ô´Â ºÐ»ç±¸¿Í °ü°è´ë¸í»ç who°¡ À̲ô´Â ÀýÀÌ °¢°¢ Polish hotel staff, Indian workers¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * Polish: Æú¶õµå(ÀÎ)ÀÇ * the Gulf States: Æ丣½Ã¾Æ ¸¸ ¿¬¾È Á¦±¹ * rationally: ¿Â´çÇÏ°Ô, ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀ¸·Î * interact with: ~¿Í »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ´Ù * colleague: (°°Àº Á÷¾÷ÀÇ) µ¿·á * applicable: Àû¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â * lingua franca: ±¹Á¦(È¥¼º) °øÅë¾î * mother tongue: ¸ð±¹¾î 08. Çؼ®: »öÀº ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »î¿¡ ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿òÀ» ´õÇØ ÁÖÁö¸¸, ±× ÀÌ»óÀÇ °ÍÀ» ´õÇØ ÁØ´Ù. »öÀº Áß¿äÇÑ ±âÈ£Àû ±â´ÉÀ» ¼öÇàÇϴµ¥, ±× ±â´ÉÀº ÀÚ¿¬ ¹ß»ýÀûÀ̱⵵ ÇÏ°í Àΰ£¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¸¸µé¾îÁö±âµµ ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÚ¿¬¹ß»ýÀûÀ̱⵵ ÇÏ°í ÀÎÀ§ÀûÀ̱⵵ ÇÑ ¼¼»óÀº ¿ì¸®°¡ ¹°Ã¼¸¦ ½Äº°ÇÏ´Â µ¥ µµ¿òÀ» ÁÖ´Â ¸¹Àº »ö»ó ±âÈ£¸¦ Á¦°øÇØ ÁØ´Ù. ¹Ù³ª³ª°¡ ³ë¶õ»öÀ¸·Î º¯ÇÒ ¶§ ³ª´Â ¹Ù³ª³ª°¡ À;ú´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¸ç, ½ÅÈ£µîÀÌ »¡°£»öÀ¸·Î º¯ÇÒ ¶§ ³ª´Â ¸ØÃç¾ß ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¾È´Ù. _°Ô´Ù°¡_, »öÀº ÀÛÀº ¿ä¼ÒµéÀÌ ¸ð¿©¼­ Áö°¢ÀûÀ¸·Î ´õ Å« ¹°Ã¼°¡ µÇ´Â °úÁ¤ÀÎ Áö°¢ ±¸¼ºÀ» ÃËÁøÇÏ´Â µ¥ µµ¿òÀ» ÁØ´Ù. »öÀÇ Áö°¢ ´É·ÂÀº ¸¹Àº Á¾µéÀÇ »ýÁ¸¿¡ Áß¿äÇÑ ´É·ÂÀÎ ÇÑ ¹°Ã¼¿Í ´Ù¸¥ ¹°Ã¼¸¦ ±¸º°ÇÏ°í, ƯÈ÷ (´«À¸·Î º¸´Â) Àå¸é ³»¿¡¼­ ¹°Ã¼¸¦ °í¸£´Â ´É·ÂÀ» Å©°Ô µµ¿ÍÁØ´Ù. _¿¹¸¦ µé¾î_, ½£¼Ó¿¡¼­ °úÀÏÀ» ã´Â ¿ø¼þÀ̸¦ »ý°¢ÇØ º¸¶ó. ÁÁÀº »ö°¢À» °¡Áø ¿ø¼þÀÌ´Â ÃÊ·Ï»ö ¹è°æ ¼Ó¿¡¼­ »¡°£»ö °úÀÏÀ» ½±°Ô °¨ÁöÇØ ³»Áö¸¸, »ö¸ÍÀÎ ¿ø¼þÀÌ´Â ±× °úÀÏÀ» ã´Â °ÍÀÌ ´õ ¾î·Æ´Ù 112ÂÊ ´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ »ö°¢Àº ÀÌ·± ½ÄÀ¸·Î ä»öµÈ °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸ÀÌÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ´õ ºñ½ÁÇÏ°Ô º¸ÀÏ ¹°°ÇµéÀÇ ´ëºñ¸¦ Çâ»ó½ÃŲ´Ù. (Çؼ³) (A) ºóÄ­ ¾Õ¿¡´Â ¼¼»óÀÌ ¿ì¸®°¡ ½Äº°ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¸¹Àº »öÀ» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ ³ª¿À°í, µÚ¿¡´Â Áö°¢ ±¸¼ºÀ» ÃËÁø½ÃŲ´Ù´Â »öÀÇ ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ±â´ÉÀÌ Ãß°¡ÀûÀ¸·Î À̾îÁö¹Ç·Î, ÷°¡ÀÇ ¿¬°á¾î In additionÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (B) ºóÄ­ ¾Õ¿¡¼­´Â »öÀÇ Áö°¢ ´É·ÂÀÌ ¸¹Àº Á¾µéÀÌ »ýÁ¸ÇÏ´Â µ¥ Áß¿äÇÑ ´É·ÂÀ̶ó´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ ³ª¿À°í, µÚ¿¡´Â ½£¼Ó¿¡¼­ °úÀÏÀ» ã´Â ¿ø¼þÀÌÀÇ ¿¹°¡ À̾îÁö°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¿¹½ÃÀÇ ¿¬°á¾î For exampleÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) * ¡¦ color helps facilitate perceptual organization, 46^^_the process by which small elements become grouped perceptually into larger objects_.: the process by which ¡¦ ´Â comma(,) ¾ÕÀÇ perceptual organization°ú µ¿°ÝÀ» ÀÌ·é´Ù. ÀüÄ¡»çÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ´Â °ü°è´ë¸í»ç whichÀÇ ¼±Çà»ç´Â the processÀÌ´Ù. * A monkey with good color vision easily detects red fruit against a green background, but a color-blind monkey would find _it_ more difficult 46^^_to find the fruit_.: µ¿»ç findÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î·Î °¡¸ñÀû¾î itÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. Áø¸ñÀû¾î´Â to find the fruitÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * contrive: °í¾ÈÇÏ´Ù, ¹ß¸íÇÏ´Ù * facilitate: ½±°Ô ÇÏ´Ù, µ½´Ù, ÃËÁøÇÏ´Ù * perceptual: Áö°¢ÀÇ, Áö°¢ ÀÖ´Â * color vision: »ö°¢ * detect: °¨ÁöÇÏ´Ù * color-blind: »ö¸ÍÀÇ * enhance: ³ôÀÌ´Ù, Çâ»ó½ÃÅ°´Ù 09. Çؼ®: ¹°¸®Çп¡¼­, °úÇÐÀÚµéÀº ¿ìÁÖ¿¡ °üÇØ ¿ì¸®°¡ °üÂûÇÏ´Â ÀڷḦ ¼³¸íÇÏ°í ¿¹ÃøÇϱâ À§Çؼ­ ¸ðÇüÀ̳ª ÀÌ·ÐÀ» ¸¸µç´Ù. ´ºÅÏÀÇ Áß·Â ÀÌ·ÐÀÌ ÇÑ °¡Áö ¿¹ÀÌ°í, ¾ÆÀν´Å¸ÀÎÀÇ Áß·Â ÀÌ·ÐÀº ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ¿¹ÀÌ´Ù. ±× À̷еéÀº ºñ·Ï °°Àº Çö»óÀ» ¼³¸íÇÏ°í ÀÖÁö¸¸, Çö½Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾ÆÁÖ ´Ù¸¥ °ßÇظ¦ ±¸¼ºÇÑ´Ù. _¿¹¸¦ µé¾î_, ´ºÅÏÀº Áú·®ÀÌ ÈûÀ» ¹ßÈÖÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¼­·Î¿¡°Ô ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ£´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇßÁö¸¸, ¾ÆÀν´Å¸ÀÎÀÇ À̷п¡¼­´Â °ø°£°ú ½Ã°£ÀÇ ±¸ºÎ·¯ÁüÀ» ÅëÇØ ±× °á°ú°¡ ÀϾ¸ç, ÈûÀ¸·Î¼­ÀÇ Áß·ÂÀÇ °³³äÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. µÑ Áß ¾î´À À̷еµ »ç°ú°¡ ¶³¾îÁö´Â °ÍÀ» ¾ÆÁÖ Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ¼³¸íÇÏ´Â µ¥ »ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌÁö¸¸, ´ºÅÏÀÇ ÀÌ·ÐÀÌ »ç¿ëÇϱⰡ ÈξÀ ´õ ½¬¿ï °ÍÀÌ´Ù. _¹Ý¸é¿¡_, ¿îÀüÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È ±æÀ» ã´Â °ÍÀ» µµ¿ÍÁÖ´Â ÀΰøÀ§¼º¿¡ ±â¹ÝÀ» µÐ Àü) Áö±¸ À§Ä¡ ÆÄ¾Ç ½Ã½ºÅÛ(GPS)À» À§ÇØ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °è»êÀ» À§Çؼ­´Â, ´ºÅÏÀÇ ÀÌ·ÐÀÌ À߸øµÈ Á¤´äÀ» ÁÙÁöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ¾ÆÀν´Å¸ÀÎÀÇ ÀÌ·ÐÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (Çؼ³) (A) ´ºÅÏ°ú ¾ÆÀν´Å¸ÀÎÀÇ ÀÌ·ÐÀ» ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀ¸·Î ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ¼³¸íÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¿¹½ÃÀÇ ¿¬°á¾î for exampleÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (B) ºóÄ­ ¾Õ¿¡´Â ´ºÅÏÀÇ ÀÌ·ÐÀÌ »ç¿ëÇϱ⠽±´Ù°í ÇßÀ¸³ª, µÚ¿¡´Â ´ºÅÏÀÇ ÀÌ·ÐÀÌ À߸øµÈ Á¤´äÀ» ÁÙÁöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù°í ÇßÀ¸¹Ç·Î, »ó¹ÝµÇ´Â ³»¿ëÀ» ¿¬°áÇÏ´Â On the other hand°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) _Those theories_, though they describe the same phenomenon, _constitute_ very different versions of reality.: ¹®ÀåÀÇ ÁÖ¾î´Â Those theoriesÀÌ°í, µ¿»ç´Â constituteÀε¥, Áß°£¿¡ ¾çº¸¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â though ¡¦ phenomenonÀÌ »ðÀÔµÈ ÇüÅÂÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * physics: ¹°¸®ÇÐ * predict: ¿¹ÃøÇÏ´Ù * observe: °üÂûÇÏ´Ù * gravity: Áß·Â * phenomenon: Çö»ó * constitute: ±¸¼ºÇÏ´Ù, ~·Î ¿©°ÜÁö´Ù * mass: Áú·® * exert: ¹ßÈÖÇÏ´Ù * concept: °³³ä * calculation: °è»ê * navigate: ±æ(¹æÇâ)À» ã´Ù 10. Çؼ®: »ý¹° ´Ù¾ç¼ºÀ» º¸Á¸ÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â ½É¹ÌÀûÀÌ°í µµ´öÀûÀÎ ÀÌÀ¯°¡ ÀÖÁö¸¸, _¶ÇÇÑ_ ½ÇÁúÀûÀÎ °í·Á»çÇ׵鵵 ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ÀǽÄÁÖ, »ê¼Ò, ±×¸®°í Åä¾çÀÇ ºñ¿ÁÇÔÀ» ¸¹Àº ´Ù¸¥ Á¾¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸Çϴµ¥, ±× ¸ñ·ÏÀº °è¼ÓµÈ´Ù. ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­´Â ¾à±¹¿¡¼­ Á¶Á¦µÇ´Â ¸ðµç ó¹æ¾àÀÇ 25%°¡ ½Ä¹°¿¡¼­ ¾òÀº ¹°ÁúÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. _¿¹¸¦ µé¸é_, È£ÁöŲ º´°ú ¾î¶² ´Ù¸¥ ÇüÅÂÀÇ ¾Ï¿¡ È¿°ú°¡ ÀÖ´Â µÎ °¡Áö ¹°ÁúµéÀº Madagascar ¼¶ÀÌ ¿ø»êÁöÀÎ È­ÃÊ rosy periwinkle(¸ÅÀÏÃÊ)¿¡¼­ ³ª¿Â´Ù. Madagascar¿¡¸¸ ¾à 8,000Á¾ÀÇ È­ÃʵéÀÌ ÀÚ»ýÇÑ´Ù. ºÒÇàÈ÷µµ Madagascar´Â 80%ÀÇ »ê¸²°ú ¾à 50%ÀÇ ÅäÂøÁ¾À» ÀÒ¾ú´Ù. MadagascarÀÇ µô·¹¸¶´Â °³¹ßµµ»ó±¹ÀÇ ¸¹Àº ºÎºÐÀÇ µô·¹¸¶¸¦ ´ëÇ¥ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±× ¼¶Àº õ¸¸ ¸íÀÌ ³Ñ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ »ç´Â °÷Àε¥, ±×µé Áß ´ëºÎºÐÀº ¸÷½Ã °¡³­ÇÏ°í ȯ°æ º¸Àü¿¡ °ü½ÉÀ» µÑ óÁö¿¡ ÀüÇô ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù. _±×·¯³ª_ Àü ¼¼°èÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Madagascar »ç¶÷µéÀº Æı«µÇ°í ÀÖ´Â »ý¹°ÀÇ ´Ù¾ç¼ºÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ Áß´ëÇÑ À̵æÀ» ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (Çؼ³) (A) ¾à±¹¿¡¼­ ó¹æµÇ´Â ¾à Áß ½Ä¹°¿¡¼­ ³ª¿À´Â ¾àµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀÎ ¿¹½Ã°¡ À̾îÁö°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¿¹½ÃÀÇ ¿¬°á¾î For instance°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (B) Madagascar ¼¶ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ È¯°æ¿¡ °ü½ÉÀ» µÑ ¸¸ÇÑ Ã³Áö°¡ ¾Æ´ÏÁö¸¸ »ç½Ç ±×µéµµ »ý¹° ´Ù¾ç¼ºÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¸¹Àº ÀÌÀÍÀ» ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â ¹®¸ÆÀ̹ǷÎ, ¿ªÁ¢ÀÇ ¿¬°á¾î YetÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) Madagascar's dilemma represents _that_ of much of the developing world.: ´ë¸í»ç thatÀº ¾Õ¿¡¼­ ¾ð±ÞÇÑ dilemmaÀÇ ¹Ýº¹À» ÇÇÇÏ·Á°í »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. 113ÂÊ (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * aesthetic: ½É¹ÌÀûÀÎ * ethical: À±¸®ÀûÀÎ * biodiversity: »ý¹° ´Ù¾ç¼º * fertility: ºñ¿ÁÇÔ * prescription: ó¹æ¾à * harbor: ÀÚ»ýÇÏ´Ù, Á¤¹ÚÇÏ´Ù 11. Çؼ®: ¼³µæÀº ûÁßÀ» °¨µ¿½ÃÅ°´Â ¾ð¾îÀÇ Àü·«ÀûÀÎ »ç¿ëÀÌ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº À̼º¿¡ È£¼ÒÇÔÀ¸·Î½á »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, °¨Á¤¿¡µµ È£¼ÒÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ÀÛ¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¶§¶§·Î ´ç½ÅÀº ûÁßÀÇ °¨Á¤À» ¸ð¹æÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ±×°Í¿¡ È£¼ÒÇÏ·Á°í ¾Ö¸¦ ¾µÁöµµ ¸ð¸£´Âµ¥, (´ç½Å ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ) ±Øµµ·Î ÈïºÐÇؼ­ (ûÁßÀÌ) ±ØµµÀÇ ÈïºÐÀ» ´À³¢µµ·Ï È£¼ÒÇÏ°í, °Ý³ëÇϸ鼭 ºÐ³ë¿¡ È£¼ÒÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. _¶ÇÇÑ_ ´ç½ÅÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °¨Á¤À» °Ýµ¿½ÃÄ×´ø »óȲÀ» ûÁߵ鿡°Ôµµ ´Ù½Ã ¸¸µé¾î¼­ ±×·± °¨Á¤À» °Ýµ¿½ÃÅ°·Á ÇÒÁöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù. _ÇÏÁö¸¸_ °¡Àå ÁÁÀº Á¶Ä¡´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀ» À§ÇØ À̾߱⸦ ÅëÁ¦Çϸ鼭, Â÷ºÐÈ÷, °Å¸®¸¦ µÎ°í, ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ´ç½ÅÀÇ °¨Á¤À» ÅëÁ¦ÇÏ´Â °Íó·³ º¸ÀÌ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ´Ü¾î¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÏ´Â °ÍÁ¶Â÷µµ ¼±º°ÀûÀÌ µÇ¾î¾ßÇÏ°í, ±× ´Ü¾îÀÇ ´µ¾Ó½º¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­µµ ÁÖÀǸ¦ ±â¿ï¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. _¿¹¸¦ µé¾î_, ´ç½ÅÀÌ ³ëµ¿Á¶ÇÕ¿¡¼­ ¿¬¼³ÇÑ´Ù¸é Á¶ÇÕ¿øµéÀ» ±Ù·ÎÀÚ³ª µ¿·á³ª ȤÀº ±×Àú ¿©·¯ºÐÀ̶ó´Â Ç¥Çö Áß¿¡¼­ ¾î´À °ÍÀ¸·Î ºÎ¸£´ÂÁö´Â Å« Â÷À̸¦ ¸¸µé °ÍÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) (A) ºóÄ­ ¾Õ¿¡¼­ ¿­°ÅÇÑ È÷½ºÅ׸®³ª ºÐ³ë¿Í °°Àº °¨Á¤À» ûÁß¿¡°Ô È£¼ÒÇÏ·Á°í ¾Ö¸¦ ¾µÁöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù°í ±â¼úÇÑ ÈÄ¿¡ Ãß°¡ÀûÀ¸·Î ûÁß¿¡°Ô¼­ ÀÚ±ØÇÏ°í ½ÍÀº °¨Á¤À» ½º½º·Î¿¡°Ô ÀÚ±ØÇß´ø »óȲÀ» ´Ù½Ã ¸¸µé·Á°í ¾Ö¸¦ ¾µÁöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ ³ª¿À¹Ç·Î, Also°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (B) ³ëµ¿Á¶ÇÕÀÇ _¿¹¸¦ µé¸é_¼­ ºóÄ­ ¾Õ ¹®Àå¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀÎ ¿¹¸¦ ±â¼úÇϹǷÎ, for exampleÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) Also, you may try to re-create the circumstances _which_ excited in you the emotions _that_ you want to excite in your audience.: which°¡ À̲ô´Â °ü°èÀý which ¡¦ in your audience´Â the circumstances¸¦ ¼±Çà»ç·Î ÃëÇÏ°í ÀÖ°í, thatÀÌ À̲ô´Â °ü°èÀý that ¡¦ in your audience´Â the emotions¸¦ ¼±Çà»ç·Î ÃëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. which´Â °ü°èÀý¿¡¼­ µ¿»ç excitedÀÇ ÁÖ¾î ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ°í ÀÖ°í, thatÀº °ü°èÀý¿¡¼­ to exciteÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * persuasion: ¼³µæ * strategic: Àü·«ÀûÀÎ * appeal: È£¼ÒÇÏ´Ù * imitate: ¸ð¹æÇÏ´Ù * hysteria: ±Øµµ·Î ÈïºÐÇÑ »óÅÂ, °úÀ× ÈïºÐ * hysterical: (ÅëÁ¦°¡ ¾È µÉ Á¤µµ·Î) ±Øµµ·Î ÈïºÐÇÑ * detached: °Å¸®¸¦ µÎ´Â * narrative: À̾߱â, ´ãÈ­ * refer to A as B: A¸¦ B¶ó°í ºÎ¸£´Ù * comrade µ¿·á, µ¿Áö 12. Çؼ®: ¿Ï°î¾î¹ýÀ̶ó´Â ¿ë¾î´Â ¡®ÁÁÀº ´Ü¾îµé·Î ¸»ÇÏ´Ù¡¯¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÏ´Â ±×¸®½º ´Ü¾î¿¡¼­ ºñ·ÔµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ¹«¾ð°¡¸¦ ¸»ÇÏ´Â ´õ À¯ÄèÇÏ°í ºÒÄè°¨ÀÌ ´úÇÑ ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î Á÷¼³ÀûÀ̰ųª º¸´Ù Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ ¹æ½ÄÀ» ´ëüÇÏ´Â °Í°ú °ü·ÃµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ¿Ö »ç¶÷µéÀº ¿Ï°î¾î¹ýÀ» »ç¿ëÇϴ°¡? ±×µéÀº ¾Æ¸¶µµ »îÀÇ ¡®°ÅÄ£ °¡ÀåÀÚ¸®¡¯¸¦ ºÎµå·´°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» µ½°í, °ßµô ¼ö ¾ø´Â °ÍÀ» °ßµô ¸¸ÇÏ°Ô Çϸç, ºÒÄèÇÑ °ÍÀ» °Å½½¸®Áö ¾Ê°Ô ¸¸µé±â À§ÇØ ±×·¸°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. _ÇÏÁö¸¸_, ¿Ï°î¾î¹ýÀº Áß¿äÇÑ ³íÀïµé¿¡ ´ëÇØ À߸øµÈ ÀνÄÀ» ¸¸µé¾î³»µµ·Ï »ç¿ëµÉ ¶§ À§ÇèÇØÁú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. _¿¹¸¦ µé¾î_, ÇÑ Á¤Ä¡°¡°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¸» Áß Çϳª°¡ ¡®¾à°£ Áø½Ç°ú »óÃæ °ü°è¿¡¡¯ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù°í ½Ã»çÇÒ ¼öµµ Àִµ¥, ÀÌ°ÍÀº ±×°¡ °ÅÁþ¸»À» Çß´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. ÈξÀ ´õ ½É°¢ÇÑ ¿¹´Â ½â¾î°¡´Â ºó¹Î°¡¸¦ ¡®Ç¥ÁØ ÀÌÇÏ ÁÖ°Å¡¯¶ó°í ¹¦»çÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°í Àִµ¥, ÀÌ´Â ºñÂüÇÑ »óŸ¦ ÇÕ´çÇØ º¸À̵µ·Ï ÇÏ°í Á¶Ä¡ÀÇ Çʿ伺À» ´ú Áß¿äÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µç´Ù. (Çؼ³) (A) ºóÄ­ ¾Õ¿¡´Â ¿Ï°î¾î¹ýÀ» ºÒÄèÇÑ °ÍÀ» °Å½½¸®Áö ¾Ê°Ô ¸¸µé±â À§ÇØ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ ³ª¿À°í, µÚ¿¡´Â ¿Ï°î¾î¹ýÀÇ »ç¿ëÀÌ À§ÇèÇØÁú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ ³ª¿À¹Ç·Î, ¿ªÁ¢ÀÇ ¿¬°á¾î However°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (B) ºóÄ­ ¾Õ¿¡´Â ¿Ï°î¾î¹ýÀÌ Áß¿äÇÑ ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇØ À߸øµÈ ÀνÄÀ» ¸¸µéµµ·Ï »ç¿ëµÉ ¶§ À§ÇèÇØÁú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ ³ª¿À°í, µÚ¿¡´Â ±×¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¹°¡ À̾îÁö¹Ç·Î, ¿¹½ÃÀÇ ¿¬°á¾î For exampleÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) They do so probably to help smooth out the ¡°rough edges¡± of life, to 46^^_make the unbearable bearable and (to make) the offensive inoffensive_.: 'make£«¸ñÀû¾î£«¸ñÀû°Ýº¸¾î' ±¸¹®À¸·Î¡®(¸ñÀû¾î)¸¦ ~ÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé´Ù¡¯ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀ̸ç, and µÚ¿¡´Â °°Àº ±¸Á¶°¡ ¹Ýº¹µÇ¾î to make°¡ »ý·«µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. the unbearable, the offensive´Â 'the£«Çü¿ë»ç'ÀÇ ÇüÅ·ΠÃß»ó¸í»çó·³ ¾²¿© °¢°¢ ¡®ÂüÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Â °Í,¡¯ ¡®ºÒÄèÇÑ °Í¡¯ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * euphemism: ¿Ï°î¾î¹ý * derive from: ~¿¡¼­ À¯·¡ÇÏ´Ù * substitute A for B: B¸¦ A·Î ´ëüÇÏ´Ù * objectionable: ºÒÄèÇÑ * blunt: Á÷¼³ÀûÀÎ * smooth out: (¹®Á¦ µîÀ») ¾ø¾Ö´Ù * edge: °¡ÀåÀÚ¸® * offensive: ºÒÄèÇÑ * at variance with: ~¿Í »óÃæÇÏ¿©, ~¿Í ºÒÈ­ÇÏ¿© * slum: ºó¹Î°¡ * substandard: Æò±Õ ÀÌÇÏÀÇ 13. Çؼ®: ¿©·¯ºÐ ´ëºÎºÐÀÌ ¿öµå ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­·Î ÀÛ¾÷À» Çϱ⠶§¹®¿¡, öÀÚ¹ý¿¡ ³Ê¹« ¸¹Àº ½Ã°£À» º¸³»´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾î¸®¼®¾î º¸ÀδÙ. ¿öµå ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ ´ç½ÅÀ» ´ë½ÅÇØ Ã¶ÀÚ¹ýÀ» °Ë»çÇØÁÙ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. _±×·¯³ª_, öÀÚ¹ýÀº ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ »ç¸êµÈ ±â 114ÂÊ ¼úÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. öÀÚ¹ý °Ë»ç ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÇ »çÀü¿¡ ¾ø´Â ´Ü¾îµéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. _¶ÇÇÑ_ ¾î¶² ´Ü¾îÀÇ Ã¶ÀÚ¸¦ À߸ø ½á¼­ ½Ç¼ö·Î ±×°ÍÀ» ´Ù¸¥ ´Ü¾î·Î ¹Ù²ã³õÀ¸¸é öÀÚ¹ý °Ë»ç ÇÁ·Î±×·¥Àº ´ç½ÅÀ» µ½Áö ¸øÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. _¿¹¸¦ µé¾î_, ¡®¹ø°³¡¯ ´ë½Å ¡®°¡º±°Ô Çϱâ(¹à°Ô Çϱâ)¡¯¶ó°í ¾µ ¶§ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥Àº ±× ½Ç¼ö¸¦ ÀνÄÇÏÁö ¸øÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯´Ï ±ÛÀ» ´Ù½Ã Àаí öÀÚ¹ý °Ë»ç ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ ¹ß°ßÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ´Ü¾îµéÀ» Á¶»çÇÏ´Â ½À°üÀ» °¡Á®¶ó. ´Ü¾îµéÀÌ À߸øµÇ¾î º¸ÀÏ ¶§¸¦ ¾Æ´Â ±â¼úÀ» °³¹ßÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. Á¡°ËÇϱâ Àü¿¡´Â ¾î¶² °ÍÀ» °áÄÚ Á¦ÃâÇÏÁö ¸¶¶ó. (Çؼ³) (A) ºóÄ­ ¾ÕÀÇ ³»¿ëÀº ¿öµå ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼­°¡ öÀÚ¹ýÀ» °Ë»çÇØ Áشٴ °ÍÀÌ°í, µÚÀÇ ³»¿ëÀº öÀÚ¹ý °Ë»ç ÇÁ·Î±×·¥¿¡ ¾àÁ¡ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ̹ǷÎ, ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ¿ªÁ¢ÀÇ ¿¬°á¾î However°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (B) ºóÄ­ µÚÀÇ ³»¿ëÀº ¾ÕÀÇ ³»¿ë¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¹½ÃÀ̹ǷÎ, ¿¹½ÃÀÇ ¿¬°á¾î For exampleÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) So, get in the habit of _rereading_ your work and _looking_ up words that the spell checker does not pick up.: ÀüÄ¡»ç ofÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î·Î µ¿¸í»ç±¸ rereading ~°ú looking ~ÀÌ ¿¬°áµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * completely: ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ * lost: ÀÒ¾î¹ö¸°, »ç¸êµÈ * spell checker: öÀÚ¹ý °Ë»ç ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ * look up: Á¶»çÇÏ´Ù, (»çÀü¿¡¼­) ã¾Æº¸´Ù * hand in: Á¦ÃâÇÏ´Ù 14. Çؼ®: ¿ì¸®´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ¿ì¸®°¡ Á¢ÇÏ´Â °¢ ´ë¾ÈÀÇ ºñ¿ë°ú ÀÌÀÍÀ» ³í¸®ÀûÀ¸·Î Æò°¡ÇÏ´Â À̼ºÀûÀÎ ÀÇ»ç°áÁ¤ÀÚ·Î ¿©±â´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. _ÇÏÁö¸¸_, ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â °Íº¸´Ù ¿ì¸®´Â ÈξÀ ´õ ¿ø½ÃÀûÀÌ´Ù. ¼ÒºñÀÚµéÀÌ ´ëÃâÀ» ¹Þ±â À§ÇØ ÀºÇà¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ´Ù¾çÇÑ È«º¸¿¡ ¾î¶»°Ô ¹ÝÀÀÇÏ´ÂÁö¸¦ ÇÑ ÆÀÀÇ °æÁ¦ÇÐÀÚµéÀÌ »ìÆ캸¾Ò´Ù. ¼øÀüÈ÷ À̼ºÀûÀ¸·Î »ý°¢ÇÏ¸é ¿µÇâÀ» ³¢Ä£ À¯ÀÏÇÑ ¿äÀÎÀº ÀÌÀÚÀ²ÀÏ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¿¹»óÇßÀ»Áö ¸ð¸¥´Ù. _ÇÏÁö¸¸_ °úÇÐÀÚµéÀº ´Ü¼øÇÑ ÀÌÀÚÀ²º¸´Ù ´õ º¯È­¸¦ ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×µéÀº _¶ÇÇÑ_ ´Ù¸¥ Á¢±Ù¹ýµéÀÌ ¾ó¸¶³ª ¼³µæ·ÂÀÌ ÀÖ´ÂÁö Å×½ºÆ®Çß´Ù. _¿¹¸¦ µé¾î_, ¼ÒºñÀÚ°¡ ´ëÃâ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾Ë¾Æº¸±â À§ÇØ Ã£¾Æ¿À¸é Ãß÷À» ÅëÇØ ÈÞ´ëÀüÈ­¸¦ Å» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±âȸ¸¦ ¸î ÅëÀÇ ÆíÁö·Î Á¦°øÇß´Ù. ±×µéÀº ±×·¯ÇÑ Á¦¾ÈÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ÀÌÀÚÀ²À» 5ÆÛ¼¾Æ® Æ÷ÀÎÆ® ¶³¾î¶ß¸®´Â °Í¸¸Å­ ´ëÃâ ¹®ÀÇ°¡ Áõ°¡Çß´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾Ò´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº 5¸¸ ´Þ·¯ÀÇ ´ëÃâ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¸î¸î °í°´µéÀº 100´Þ·¯Â¥¸® ÈÞ´ëÀüÈ­¸¦ ¹Þ±â À§ÇØ ½ÇÁ¦ ÀÌÀÚ·Î 16,000´Þ·¯¸¦ ±â²¨ÀÌ ´õ ÁöºÒÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇß´Ù. (Çؼ³) (A) ºóÄ­ ¾Õ¿¡¼­´Â ¿ì¸®´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀÎ ÀÇ»ç °áÁ¤ÀÚ·Î ¿©±ä´Ù°í ¸»ÇÏ°í, ÀÌ¾î ¿ì¸®´Â »ý°¢º¸´Ù ÈξÀ ´õ ¿ø½ÃÀûÀ̶ó°í ¸»ÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ºóÄ­¿¡´Â However°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (B) ºóÄ­ µÚ¿¡¼­´Â ¾Õ¿¡¼­ ¾ð±ÞÇÑ °úÇÐÀÚµéÀÌ Å×½ºÆ®ÇÑ Á¢±Ù¹ýÀ» ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀ¸·Î ¼³¸íÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ºóÄ­¿¡´Â For instance°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) A purely rational view _would have predicted_ that interest rates would be the only factor that had an impact.: ÁÖ¾îÀÎ A purely rational view¿¡ °¡Á¤ÀÇ Àǹ̰¡ ¼û¾î ÀÖ´Â °¡Á¤¹ý ¹®ÀåÀÌ´Ù. _µû¶ó¼­_ Á־ ¡®¿À·ÎÁö ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀÎ °ßÇضó¸é¡¯À̶ó°í Çؼ®ÇÑ´Ù. would have predicted(¿¹»óÇßÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù)´Â ´ÙÀ½ ¹®Àå¿¡¼­ ¾ð±ÞµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â °ú°Å »ç½Ç(But the scientists varied more than just the interest rate)À» ¹Ý´ë·Î °¡Á¤ÇÑ °¡Á¤¹ý °ú°Å¿Ï·á ±¸¹®ÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * rational: À̼ºÀûÀÎ, ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀÎ * evaluate: Æò°¡ÇÏ´Ù * alternative: ´ë¾È * encounter: ¿ì¿¬È÷ ¸¸³ª´Ù * assume: °¡Á¤ÇÏ´Ù * pitch: ±ÇÀ¯, È«º¸ * take out a loan: ´ëÃâÀ» ¹Þ´Ù * purely: ¼øÀüÈ÷, ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ * interest rate: ÀÌÀÚÀ² * persuasive: ¼³µæ·Â ÀÖ´Â * in essence: °á±¹, ½ÇÁ¦·Î, º»ÁúÀûÀ¸·Î * lottery: Ãß÷ * inquire: ¾Ë¾Æº¸´Ù 15. Çؼ®: ´ç½ÅÀÇ Á¦Ç°ÀÌ ¾Æ¹«¸® ÁÁ´Ù ÇÒÁö¶óµµ, ÇöÀç »ç¿ëµÇ´Â Á¦Ç°À» ¿Ïº®ÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹Ýµå½Ã ´ç½ÅÀÌ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÃÖ°íÀÇ ÅõÀÚ´Â ¾Æ´Ï¶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ±â¾ïÇ϶ó. _¿¹¸¦ µé¾î_, °Ç¼³ÇÏ´Â µ¥ 4³âÀÌ °É·È´ø Erie ¿îÇÏ´Â ´ç´ë¿¡ È¿À²¼ºÀÇ Á¤»óÀ̶ó°í ¿©°ÜÁ³´Ù. ¿îÇϸ¦ °Ç¼³ÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ °í·ÁÇÏÁö ¸øÇß´ø °ÍÀº öµµÀÇ ÃâÇöÀÌ ¿îÇÏÀÇ Áï°¢ÀûÀÎ ¸ô¶ôÀ» ºÐ¸íÈ÷ °¡Á®¿Ã °ÍÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ¿îÇÏ°¡ ¿Ï¼ºµÇ¾úÀ» ÁîÀ½¿¡, öµµ´Â ÀÌ¹Ì °¡Àå ÃÖÀûÀÇ ¿î¼Û ±â¼ú·Î ÀÚ¸®¸¦ Àâ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. _À¯»çÇÏ°Ô_, ¿¬·á ÀüÁö°¡ ¼±Åà °¡´ÉÇÑ ÀÚµ¿Â÷ ¿£ÁøÀÌ µÇ°í ÀÖÀ» ¶§, ³»¿¬±â°üÀÇ È¿À²¼º ÁõÁø¿¡ ÃÊÁ¡À» ¸ÂÃá ÀÚµ¿Â÷ ȸ»çµéÀº ÀڽŵéÀÌ µÚÃÄÁ® ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÉÁöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù. Áö±Ý ¸¸µé°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» °è¼Ó ¸¸µé¾î¾ß ÇÒ ¶§Àΰ¡? ¾Æ´Ï¸é »õ·Î¿î Æ´»õ¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î ³¾ ¶§Àΰ¡? Çõ½ÅÀº ȸ»ç ÀÚü ¹Û¿¡¼­ µé·Á¿À´Â ½ÅÈ£µé, Áï Áö¿ª»çȸ, ÁÖº¯ ȯ°æ, ¼¼°è Àü¹ÝÀÇ ½ÅÈ£µéÀ» ÀνÄÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÑ´Ù. (Çؼ³) (A) ºóÄ­ µÚ¿¡¼­´Â Erie ¿îÇϸ¦ ¿¹·Î µé¾î ÇöÀç »ç¿ëµÇ´Â Á¦Ç°À» ¿Ïº®ÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µå´Â °ÍÀÌ ÃÖ°íÀÇ ÅõÀÚ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¾úÀ½À» ¼³¸íÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¿¹½ÃÀÇ ¿¬°á¾î For exampleÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (B) ºóÄ­ µÚ¿¡¼­´Â ¾Õ¿¡¼­ µé¾ú´ø ¿îÇÏ¿Í Ã¶µµÀÇ °ü°è¿Í ºñ½ÁÇÑ ¿¹¸¦ Çϳª ´õ µé°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ºóÄ­¿¡´Â Likewise(_À¯»çÇÏ°Ô_)°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) Likewise, when the fuel cell becomes the automotive engine of choice, the car companies 46^^_focusing on increasing the efficiency of the internal combustion engine_ may find themselves _left_ behind.: ÁÖ¾îÀÎ the car companies°¡ ºÐ»ç±¸ÀÎ focusing ¡¦ engineÀÇ ¼ö½ÄÀ» ¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Ù. left´Â °ú°Å 115ÂÊ ºÐ»çÀÇ ÇüÅÂÀε¥ ¸ñÀû°Ýº¸¾îÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¸ñÀû¾îÀÎ themselves¿Í ¼öµ¿ÀÇ Àǹ̷Π¿¬°áµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * perfection: ¿Ï¼º, ¿Ïº® * investment: ÅõÀÚ, ÃâÀÚ * canal: ¿îÇÏ, ¼ö·Î * be regarded as: ~À¸·Î °£ÁֵǴÙ, ¿©°ÜÁö´Ù * efficiency: ´É·ü, È¿À² * advent: ÃâÇö, µµ·¡ * downfall: ¸ô¶ô, ºØ±« * transportation: ¿î¼Û, ¼ö¼Û * automotive: ÀÚµ¿Â÷ÀÇ * internal combustion engine: ³»¿¬ ±â°ü * innovation: Çõ½Å, ¼â½Å 16. Çؼ®: ¸¹Àº ½Ä·áÇ°Á¡¿¡´Â ¼îÇΰ´µé¿¡°Ô ½Ä·áÇ°¿ëÀ¸·Î Á¾ÀÌ ºÀÅõ³ª ºñ´Ò ºÀÅõ¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇϵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀº Á¾ÀÌ°¡ ȯ°æ¿¡ ´ú ÇØ·Ó´Ù°í º»´ÉÀûÀ¸·Î ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. °á±¹ Á¾ÀÌ´Â »ý¹° ºÐÇؼºÀÌ ÀÖ°í ÀçÈ°¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. _´ëÁ¶ÀûÀ¸·Î_, ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ºñ´ÒÀº ¼®À¯ ºÎ»ê¹°°ú õ¿¬ °¡½º¸¦ »ç¿ëÇؼ­ Á¦Á¶µÈ´Ù. ºñ´ÒÀº Ç×»ó ½±°Ô ¶Ç´Â °æÁ¦ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀçÈ°¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï¸ç ÀÏ´Ü Á¦Á¶µÇ¸é »ç½Ç»ó ¿µ±¸ÀûÀÌ´Ù. _ÇÏÁö¸¸_ ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­ Á¾ÀÌ Á¦Ç°Àº µµ½Ã ¾²·¹±â Áß¿¡¼­ ´ÜÀÏ ±¸¼º ¿ä¼Ò·Î´Â °¡Àå ¸¹´Ù. Á¾ÀÌ Á¦Ç°ÀÌ ÀÌ·ÐÀûÀ¸·Î´Â »ý¹° ºÐÇؼºÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇÒÁö¶óµµ, ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¾²·¹±â ¸Å¸³Áö¿¡¼­ ±×°ÍÀÌ ÀÚ¿¬ ºÐÇصǴ °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. _´õ¿íÀÌ_, Á¾ÀÌ »ý»êÀº ƯÈ÷ ºñ´Ò ºÀÅõ¸¦ »ý»êÇÒ ¶§º¸´Ù 70ÆÛ¼¾Æ® ´õ ¸¹Àº °ø±â¿À¿°À» ÀÏÀ¸Å²´Ù. ±×¸®°í Á¾À̸¦ ¸¸µå´Â µ¥´Â ÀÌ»êȭź¼Ò¸¦ Èí¼öÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ³ª¹«¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù´Â Á¡À» °í·ÁÇ϶ó. Á¾ÀÌ ºÀÅõ Á¦ÀÛ °úÁ¤¿¡´Â _¶ÇÇÑ_ ºñ´Ò ºÀÅõ Á¦ÀÛº¸´Ù ¼¼ ¹è³ª ´õ ¸¹Àº ¼öÁú ¿À¿° ¹°ÁúÀÌ »ý±ä´Ù. (Çؼ³) (A) ºóÄ­ ¾Õ¿¡¼­´Â Á¾ÀÌÀÇ ÁÁÀº Á¡ÀÌ ±â¼úµÇ°í, µÚ¿¡¼­´Â ºñ´ÒÀÇ ÁÁÁö ¾ÊÀº Á¡ÀÌ ±â¼úµÇ¹Ç·Î, ºóÄ­¿¡´Â ´ëÁ¶ÀÇ ¿¬°á¾î In contrast°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (B) ºóÄ­ ¾Õ¿¡¼­´Â Á¾ÀÌÀÇ ÁÁÁö ¾ÊÀº Á¡ÀÌ ±â¼úµÇ°í, µÚ¿¡¼­µµ Á¾ÀÌÀÇ ÁÁÁö ¾ÊÀº Á¡ÀÌ °è¼Ó ±â¼úµÇ¹Ç·Î, ºóÄ­¿¡´Â Ãß°¡ÀÇ ¿¬°á¾î Furthermore°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) _Even though_ paper products may theoretically be biodegradable, in most landfills, they do not biodegrade.: Even though´Â ¾çº¸¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ºÎ»çÀýÀ» À̲ø¸ç, ÀÌ ¹®ÀåÀÇ ÁÖÀýÀº in most ¡¦ biodegradeÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * instinctively: º»´ÉÀûÀ¸·Î * biodegradable: ¹Ì»ý¹°¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¹«ÇØÇÑ ¹°Áú·Î ºÐÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â, »ý¹° ºÐÇؼºÀÇ * recyclable: ÀçÈ°¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â * by-product: ºÎ»ê¹° * economically: °æÁ¦ÀûÀ¸·Î * virtually: »ç½Ç»ó, ½ÇÁúÀûÀ¸·Î * indefinitely: ¹«±âÇÑÀ¸·Î * component: ¼ººÐ, ±¸¼º ¿ä¼Ò(ºÎºÐ) * municipal: ½ÃÀÇ, µµ½ÃÀÇ * landfill: ¾²·¹±â ¸Å¸³Áö * biodegrade: »ýºÐÇØ(ÀÚ¿¬ºÐÇØ)µÇ´Ù(¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¹«ÇØ ¹°Áú·Î ºÐÇصǴÙ) * emit ¹æÃâÇÏ´Ù * carbon dioxide: ÀÌ»êȭź¼Ò * water pollutant: ¼öÁú ¿À¿° ¹°Áú 17. Çؼ®: ÀüÀïÀº Àηù ¿ª»çÀÇ ÀϺÎÀÎ µíÇÏ´Ù. °ú°Å¿¡´Â ±¹°¡, Áö¿ª, ±×¸®°í ½ÉÁö¾î ¸¶À»µµ °æÁ¦ÀûÀ¸·Î ¼­·Î µ¶¸³µÈ »óÅ¿´´Ù. ±×·¯ÇÑ »óȲ¿¡¼­´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÀûÀ» Æı«ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ½Â¸®°¡ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. Æø·Â°ú ÀüÀïÀº °ü·Ã¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. _ÇÏÁö¸¸_, ¿À´Ã³¯ ¿ì¸®µéÀº ¼­·Î ¸¹Àº °ÍÀ» ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏ°í Àֱ⿡ ÀüÀïÀÇ °³³äÀº ½Ã´ë¿¡ µÚ¶³¾îÁø °ÍÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¿À´Ã³¯ ¿©·¯ ¹®Á¦³ª ÀǰߺÒÀÏÄ¡¿¡ Á÷¸éÇÒ ¶§ ´ëÈ­¸¦ ÅëÇØ ÇØ°áÁ¡¿¡ µµ´ÞÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â È­ÇØÀÇ Á¤½ÅÀ¸·Î ºÐÀïÀ» ÇØ°áÇϱâ À§ÇØ ÀÏÇØ¾ß ÇÏ°í Ç×»ó »ó´ë¹æÀÇ ÀÌÀÍÀ» ¿°µÎ¿¡ µÎ°í ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ¿ôÀ» Æı«ÇÒ ¼ö´Â ¾ø´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ±×µéÀÇ ÀÌÀÍÀ» ¹«½ÃÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ±×·¸°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº °á±¹ ¿ì¸®¸¦ °íÅ뽺·´°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. _µû¶ó¼­_, Æø·ÂÀÇ °³³äÀº ÀÌÁ¦ ºÎÀûÀýÇÏ¸ç ºñÆø·ÂÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀÌ µÈ´Ù. (Çؼ³) (A) ÀüÀï°ú Æø·ÂÀÇ ½Ã´ë¿´´ø °ú°Å¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾ð±ÞÀÌ ³¡³ª°í È­ÇØ¿Í Çù·ÂÀÇ ½Ã´ëÀÎ ¿À´Ã³¯¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾ð±ÞÀÌ ½ÃÀ۵Ǵ ºÎºÐÀ̹ǷÎ, ¿ªÁ¢ÀÇ ¿¬°á¾î However°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (B) ¾Õ¿¡ ÀÌÀ¯°¡ ¼³¸íµÇ¾î ÀÖ°í µÚ¿¡ °á·ÐÀÌ ¾ð±ÞµÇ°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î Àΰú °ü°èÀÇ ¿¬°á¾î Therefore°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) * However, today we are so interdependent _that_ the concept of war has become outdated.: 'so ¡¦ that ¡¦' ±¸¹®À¸·Î ¡®³Ê¹« ~Çؼ­ ¡¦ÇÏ´Ù¡¯ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. * We must _work_ to resolve conflicts in a spirit of reconciliation and always _keep_ in mind ~.: must¸¦ °øÀ¯ÇÏ¸ç µÎ °³ÀÇ µ¿»ç work¿Í keepÀÌ º´·Ä ±¸Á¶¸¦ ÀÌ·ç°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * independent: µ¶¸³ÇÑ * circumstances: »óȲ, ȯ°æ * relevance: °ü·Ã¼º * outdated: ½Ã´ë¿¡ µÚ¶³¾îÁø * resolve: ÇؼÒÇÏ´Ù * reconciliation: È­ÇØ * ultimately: °á±¹, ±Ã±ØÀûÀ¸·Î * appropriate: ÀûÀýÇÑ 18. Çؼ®: ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ¹Ì±¹ ¹®È­´Â ¿©°¡¿¡ ÀDZ¸½ÉÀ» °®´Â °Íó·³ º¸ÀδÙ. ¾î¶² »ç¶÷µéÀº ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ °³½Å±³µµµéÀÇ Á÷¾÷À±¸® ¶§¹®ÀÏÁöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù. ¸¹Àº ¹Ì±¹ÀεéÀº ±×µéÀÇ ¿©°¡ ½Ã°£À» ÁöÀûÀ¸·Î³ª ½ÅüÀûÀ¸·Î ³ë·ÂÀ» ¿äÇÏ´Â Ãë¹Ì³ª ÀÚ¿øºÀ»çÈ°µ¿À¸·Î ä¿î´Ù. ½ÉÁö¾î ÈÞ°¡ ¶§¿¡µµ ¹Ì±¹ÀεéÀº ÈÞ´ë ÀüÈ­³ª ÈÞ´ë¿ë ÄÄÇ»Å͸¦ ÅëÇØ Á÷Àå°ú ¿¬¶ôÀ» À¯ÁöÇÑ´Ù. _¹Ý¸é¿¡_, À¯·´ÀεéÀº ¿©°¡¸¦ Á¸ÁßÇÑ´Ù. »õ ÇÁ¶û½º ¹ýÀº À¯·´¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ªÀº ÁÖ´ç ³ëµ¿ ½Ã°£À» ÀÚ±¹¿¡ ¼±»çÇß´Ù. 20¸í ÀÌ»óÀÇ Á÷¿øÀ» °¡Áø ȸ»ç´Â ±Ù¹« ½Ã°£À» ÁÖ´ç 39½Ã°£¿¡¼­ 35½Ã°£À¸·Î ÇʼöÀûÀ¸·Î ÁÙ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Á÷ÀåÀεéÀ» À§ÇÑ ´õ¿í ¸¹Àº 116ÂÊ ¿©°¡ ½Ã°£À» ¸¸µé¾î ³»´Â °Í ÀÌ¿Ü¿¡, ÀÌ ¿òÁ÷ÀÓÀº ½Ç¾÷À» ¿ÏÈ­ÇÏ´Â µ¥ µµ¿òÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿¹»óµÈ´Ù. _ÇÏÁö¸¸_, µ¶ÀÏ¿¡¼­´Â ´õ ±æ¾îÁø ÁÖ´ç ³ëµ¿ ½Ã°£ÀÌ °ð Ç¥ÁØÀÌ µÉÁöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù. ³·Àº Ãâ»ý·ü·Î ÀÎÇØ ±× ³ª¶óÀÇ ÈÄÇÑ ±¹°¡ º¹Áö ü°è¿¡¼­ ´õ¿í´õ ¸¹Àº ÀºÅðÇÑ µ¶ÀÏÀεéÀ» ºÎ¾çÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â ³ëµ¿ÀÚÀÇ ¼ö°¡ °á°úÀûÀ¸·Î ÁÙ¾îµé¾ú´Ù. (Çؼ³) (A) ¹Ì±¹Àΰú À¯·´ÀÎÀÇ ¿©°¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °³³ä Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ¾ð±ÞµÇ°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, On the other hand°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (B) ÇÁ¶û½º¿Í´Â ´Þ¸® ³·Àº Ãâ»ý·ü·Î ÀÎÇØ ³ëµ¿ ½Ã°£ÀÌ ±æ¾îÁö´Â µ¶ÀÏÀÇ °æ¿ì¸¦ ¼³¸íÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¿ªÁ¢ÀÇ ¿¬°á¾î however°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) * Besides creating more leisure time for workers, this move is expected to help ease unemployment.: help´Â 'help£«¸ñÀû¾î£«(to£«)µ¿»ç¿øÇü' ȤÀº 'help£«µ¿»ç¿øÇü'ÀÇ ÇüÅ·Π»ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. * Its low birth rate has resulted in fewer workers 46^^_supporting more and more retired Germans in the generous state welfare system_.: supporting ¡¦ systemÀº fewer workers¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * suspicious: ÀǽÉÇÏ´Â * ethic: À±¸® * intellectually: ÁöÀûÀ¸·Î * hold ¡¦ in high regard: ~À» Á¸ÁßÇÏ´Ù * work week: 1ÁÖ´ç ³ëµ¿ ½Ã°£ * result in: ~À» ³º´Ù, ÃÊ·¡ÇÏ´Ù * welfare: º¹Áö 19. Çؼ®: ÃʱâÀÇ »çÁøÀº Ç¥ÇöÀÇ ÁÖü¿Í °´Ã¼¸¦ °¨±ÝÇÏ·Á´Â °æÇâÀ» °è¼ÓÇß´Ù. »çÁøÀÇ Ãʱ⠼ö½Ê ³â µ¿¾È¿¡´Â ³ëÃ⠽ð£ÀÌ ¸Å¿ì ±æ¾ú´Ù. _¿¹¸¦ µé¾î_, ÀºÆÇ »çÁø¼ú °úÁ¤Àº ÇÞºµ ¾Æ·¡¿¡¼­´Â 4ºÐ¿¡¼­ 7ºÐ ±×¸®°í ½Ç³»¿¡¼­´Â 12ºÐ¿¡¼­ 60ºÐ±îÁöÀÇ ³ëÃ⠽ð£À» ÇÊ¿ä·Î Çß´Ù. ¿¾³¯ »çÁøµéÀº ¼¼»óÀ» ¾ÈÁ¤µÇ°í ¿µ±¸ÀûÀÌ¸ç ºÎµ¿ÀÇ °ÍÀ¸·Î Ç¥ÇöÇß´Ù. ±×¸®°í »çÁøÀÌ »ì¾ÆÀÖ´Â °ÍµéÀ» °ú°¨È÷ Ç¥ÇöÇÏ·Á°í ÇßÀ» ¶§, ±×°ÍµéÀº ¿òÁ÷ÀÌÁö ¾Ê¾Æ¾ß Çß´Ù. _±×·¡¼­_, ÃÊ»ó »çÁø°üµéÀº ±ä ³ëÃ⠽𣠳»³» ÃÊ»ó ¸ðµ¨ÀÇ °íÁ¤ »óŸ¦ º¸ÀåÇØ ÁÖ´Â ´Ù¾çÇÑ À¯Áö ÀåÄ¡µé(holding devices)À» º¸ÆíÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇß´Ù. ±× ÀåÄ¡µéÀº »ç¶÷À» ÀÚ±â ÀÚ¸®¿¡ ÀÖµµ·Ï ´Ü´ÜÇÏ°Ô ºÙµé°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çϸé ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¸ð½ÀÀ» º¸±â ¿øÇß´ø »ç¶÷Àº ±â°èÀÇ ÀÚ¹ßÀûÀÎ Æ÷·Î°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù. (Çؼ³) (A) ³ëÃ⠽ð£ÀÌ ±æ¾ú´ø ¿¾³¯ »çÁø¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¹½Ã·Î ÀºÆÇ »çÁø¼ú °úÁ¤À» ¾ð±ÞÇßÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ºóÄ­¿¡´Â For instance°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (B) ±ä ³ëÃ⠽𣠵¿¾È ÃÊ»ó ¸ðµ¨Àº °íÁ¤ »óŸ¦ À¯ÁöÇØ¾ß Çß°í ±×·¡¼­ »çÁø°ü¿¡ À¯Áö ÀåÄ¡µé(holding devices)À» µÎ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ̹ǷÎ, ºóÄ­¿¡´Â Àΰú °ü°èÀÇ ¿¬°á¾î Thus°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) Thus, portrait studios universally employed various holding devices _to assure_ the steadiness of ~.: to assure´Â ¡®~Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿©¡¯ÀÇ Àǹ̷Π»ç¿ëµÈ toºÎÁ¤»ç±¸ÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * imprisonment: °¨±Ý * subject: ÁÖü * object: °´Ã¼ * representation: Ç¥Çö, ¹¦»ç * exposure: ³ëÃâ * eternal: ¿µ±¸ÇÑ * unshakable: ºÎµ¿ÀÇ * venture: °ú°¨È÷ ~ÇÏ´Ù * immobilize: ¿òÁ÷ÀÌÁö ¾Ê°Ô ÇÏ´Ù, °íÁ¤ÇÏ´Ù 20. Çؼ®: ³¹ÀåÀÇ Á¾ÀÌ´Â °ÅÀÇ ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î Á¤º¸¸¦ Àü´ÞÇÒ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î Á¸ÀçÇϹǷΠ¿ì¸®´Â ±×°ÍµéÀ» Á߸³ÀûÀÎ ´ë»óÀ̶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â Á¾ÀÌ À§ÀÇ Ç¥½Ã¸¦ Á¾ÀÌ ±× ÀÚü¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¸»ÇÑ °ÍÀ̶ó°í´Â °ÅÀÇ »ý°¢ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. _±×·¯³ª_ ¿ì¸®°¡ ´Ù¸¥ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î Á¦°øµÇ´Â Àΰø¹°µé¿¡ ´ã°ÜÁø º»¹®, ±ÛÀÚ, ±×¸²À» º¼ ¶§ ´ë°³ ±×°ÍÀ» ´ã°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ²¿¸®Ç¥·Î¼­ ÀÌ Ç¥½Ã¸¦ ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î Çؼ®ÇÑ´Ù. ¹°·Ð ÀÚ¿¬¹°Àº ÀÌ·± ²¿¸®Ç¥¸¦ ´Þ°í ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÁö¸¸ ¿ä»õ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¹°¸®Àû Àΰø¹°µéÀº ´Þ°í ÀÖ´Ù. _´Ù½Ã ¸»ÇØ_, µðÀÚÀ̳ʵéÀº ÀÇ»ç¼ÒÅë ºÎ´ãÀÇ ÀϺθ¦ Àΰø¹° ±× ÀÚüÀÇ ÇüÅÂ¿Í Àç·á·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾ÆÁÖ °¡º­¿î Ç¥¸éÀÇ »ó¡µé·Î ¿Å±â±â·Î ¼±ÅÃÇß´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ¹®¼ÕÀâÀÌ µðÀÚÀ̳ʴ ÇüŸ¦ ÅëÇØ ±× ±â´ÉÀ» ¾Ë·Á ÁÖ´Â °ÍÀ» °í¹ÎÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä ¾øÀÌ ´ÜÁö ¡®¹Ì½Ã¿À¡¯¿Í ¡®´ç±â½Ã¿À¡¯¶ó°í Ç¥½ÃÇÏ¸é µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) (A) ºóÄ­ ¾Õ¿¡´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Á¾ÀÌ À§ÀÇ Ç¥½Ã°¡ Á¾ÀÌ ±× ÀÚü¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¸»ÇÑ °ÍÀ̶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ ³ª¿À°í, µÚ¿¡´Â ´Ù¸¥ Àΰø¹°¿¡¼­´Â ±× À§ÀÇ Ç¥½Ã°¡ ±× Àΰø¹°¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¸»ÇÑ °ÍÀ̶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ ³ª¿À¹Ç·Î, ¿ªÁ¢ÀÇ ¿¬°á¾î However°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (B) ºóÄ­ ¾Õ¿¡´Â ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¹°¸®ÀûÀÎ Àΰø¹°µéÀº ²¿¸®Ç¥¸¦ ´Þ°í ³ª¿Â´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ ³ª¿À°í µÚ¿¡´Â ÀÌ°ÍÀ» Á» ´õ ´Ù¸¥ ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ºÎ¿¬ ¼³¸íÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¡®´Ù½Ã ¸»ÇØ¡¯ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀÎ That is°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) Natural objects do not come with labels, of course, but these days, most physical artifacts _do_.: ´ëµ¿»ç°¡ ¹«¾ùÀ» °¡¸®Å°´ÂÁö¸¦ ¾Ë·Á¸é ¾Õ ¹®ÀåÀ̳ª °°Àº ¹®Àå ³»¿¡¼­ ¾ÕºÎºÐ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â µ¿»ç±¸¸¦ À¯½ÉÈ÷ º¸¸é µÈ´Ù. do°¡ °¡¸®Å°´Â °ÍÀº come with labelsÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * exist: Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Ù * purpose: ¸ñÀû * information: Á¤º¸ * neutral: Á߸³ÀûÀÎ * interpret: Çؼ®ÇÏ´Ù, Å뿪ÇÏ´Ù * text: º»¹® * label: ²¿¸®Ç¥ * lightweight: °æ·®ÀÇ * function: ±â´É 117ÂÊ 21. Çؼ®: º¯È£»ç´Â ¹Ì±¹ »çȸ ¾È¿¡¼­ µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ ÁöÀ§¸¦ Á¡ÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ÁöÁÖ ±ÍÁ·ÀÌ ¾ø´Â ³ª¶ó¿¡¼­, º¯È£»ç´Â Ư±ÇÃþÀÌÁö¸¸ °ø°ø½ÉÀ» °¡Áø °èÃþÀ» Çü¼ºÇß´Ù. ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ¸ðµç ¸¶À»°ú µµ½Ã¿¡¼­ ±×µéÀº ¹Ú¹°°ü°ú º´¿ø °Ç¼³À» µµ¿Ô°í, ½Ã¹Î ´Üü¸¦ Çü¼ºÇßÀ¸¸ç, Á¤ºÎÀÇ ¸ðµç Á÷Ã¥À» ¸Ã¾Ò´Ù°¡ ±×¸¸ µÎ¾ú´Ù°¡ ÇÏ´Â ÁÖµµÀûÀÎ ½Ã¹ÎÀ̾ú´Ù. _¿¹¸¦ µé¾î_, James C. Carter´Â 19¼¼±â ¸» ´º¿å¿¡¼­ À¯¸íÇÑ º¯È£»ç¿´´Ù. ±×´Â ´º¿å½Ã º¯È£»çÇùȸ ⸳À» µµ¿ÔÀ¸¸ç ½Ã¹Î¿¬´ë, µµ½Ã Ŭ·´, ÁÁÀº Á¤Ä¡ Ŭ·´ µîÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿© ½Ã¿Í ÁÖÀÇ °³Çõ ¿îµ¿¿¡¼­ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀ» Çß´Ù. _´Ù½Ã ¸»Çϸé_, °ø½Ä È°µ¿ÀÌ ±×°¡ ÇÏ´Â ÀÏÀÇ ¸¹Àº ºÎºÐÀ» Â÷ÁöÇß´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×´Â Ưº°ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ±×¿Í °°Àº º¯È£»çµéÀ» ´º¿å°ú ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ¸ðµç ¸¶À»¿¡¼­ ¹ß°ßÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. (Çؼ³) (A) ÁÖµµÀûÀÎ ½Ã¹ÎÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ´Â º¯È£»çÀÇ ÁöÀ§¸¦ ¾ð±ÞÇÑ ÈÄ ±×¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¹½Ã·Î James C. Carter¸¦ µé°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, For exampleÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (B) ´º¿å½Ã º¯È£»ç Çùȸ È°µ¿, °³Çõ ¿îµ¿¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¿ªÇÒ µîÀº James C. CarterÀÇ °øÀû È°µ¿¿¡ ÇØ´çÇϹǷΠ¾ÕÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» ºÎ¿¬ÇÏ´Â In other words°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) ¡¦ they were the leading citizens who _helped_ to build the museums and hospitals, _formed_ civic institutions, and _moved_ in and out of government at all levels.: who°¡ À̲ô´Â °ü°èÀý¿¡¼­ µ¿»ç helped, formed, moved°¡ º´·Ä ±¸Á¶¸¦ ÀÌ·ç°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * lawyer: º¯È£»ç, ¹ý·ü°¡ * unique: µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ * landed aristocracy: ÁöÁÖ ±ÍÁ· * privileged: Ư±ÇÀÌ ÀÖ´Â * civic: ½Ã¹ÎÀÇ * distinguished: À¯¸íÇÑ, ÃâÁßÇÑ * play a key role: Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ´Ù 22. Çؼ®: ¿ì¸®´Â Ç×»ó º¸´Ù Å«ÀÏÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´ÙÀ½ ±âȸ¸¦ ã°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ´ç½ÅÀÌ Manhattan¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Åýà ¿îÀü»ç¿¡°Ô ¸»À» °Ç´Ù¸é, ¾Æ¸¶µµ ±×°¡ ´õ ÁÁÀº Á÷¾÷À» ¾ò±â À§ÇØ Çб³¿¡ ÁøÇÐÇÒ ¿¹Á¤À̶ó´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. _¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î_, Southern California¿¡¼­ ¿©Á¾¾÷¿øÀ» ¸¸³­´Ù¸é, ±×³à´Â ¾Æ¸¶µµ ´ç½Å¿¡°Ô ±×³à°¡ ´ÙÀ½ ÁÖ¿¡ ¿µÈ­ ¿Àµð¼ÇÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÒÁöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù. ±× Åýà ¿îÀü»ç´Â °áÄÚ Åýÿ¡¼­ ¹þ¾î³¯ ¼ö ¾øÀ»Áöµµ ¸ð¸£°í ±× ¿©Á¾¾÷¿øÀº ¾ÕÀ¸·Î 20³â µ¿¾È À½½ÄÀ» ¼­ºùÇÏ´Â ÀÏÀ» ÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ»Áöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×µéÀÌ º¸´Ù ´õ ¸Å·ÂÀûÀÎ ¾î¶² ÀÏÀ» Çϱâ À§ÇÑ ¹æÇâÀ¸·Î ³ª¾Æ°¡°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â ±×·± ´À³¦ÀÌ ±×µé¿¡°Ô´Â °³ÀÎÀûÀ¸·Î ¸Å¿ì Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù. _¹Ý¸é¿¡_, ºÒÆò ¾øÀÌ ±×µéÀÌ ÇöÀç ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ÀÏÀÇ ÇѰ踦 ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀ̸鼭 (²ÞÀ») Çൿ¿¡ ¿Å±âÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº ¾Æ¸¶µµ ±×µé ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »î¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­ ºñÂüÇÔÀ» ´À³¥Áöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù. ±×µéÀÇ Á÷¾÷ÀÌ ÁÖ´Â ¹«·Â°¨ÀÌ ±×µéÀÇ Á¤Ã¼¼º¿¡ ¾öû³­ ÇÇÇظ¦ ÀÔÇû´ø °ÍÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) (A) ºóÄ­ ¾Õ ¹®ÀåÀº ¡®Å« ²ÞÀ» ½ÇÇöÇÒ ´ÙÀ½ ±âȸ¸¦ ã´Â´Ù.¡¯´Â ÁÖÁ¦¹®¿¡ ´ëÇØ a cab driver in Manhattan(¸ÇÇØÆ°ÀÇ Åýà ±â»ç)¶ó´Â ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀÎ ¿¹½Ã ¹®ÀåÀÌ µÇ°í ÀÖ°í, ºóÄ­ ´ÙÀ½ ¹®ÀåÀÇ a waitress in Southern California ¿ª½Ã ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ¿¹½ÃÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, °°Àº ÁÖÁ¦¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â »ç·Ê¸¦ ³ª¿­ÇÒ ¶§ ¾²´Â ¿¬°á¾î Likewise°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (B) ºóÄ­ ¾Õ ¹®ÀåÀÇ ³»¿ëÀÌ ¡®²ÞÀ» ÇâÇؼ­ °£´Ù´Â »ý°¢ÀÌ ±×µé¿¡°Ô Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù.¡¯ÀÌ°í ´ÙÀ½ ¹®ÀåÀº ¡®ÇൿÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â »ç¶÷Àº ÀλýÀÇ ºñÂüÇÔÀ» ´À³¤´Ù.¡¯·Î ¼­·Î ¿ªÁ¢ °ü°è·Î ¿¬°áµÇ°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, On the other hand°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) ¡¦ _those_ who fail to act, who accept the limitations of their work without complaining, _are_ likely to feel miserable about their lives.: who°¡ À̲ô´Â µÎ °³ÀÇ °ü°èÀýÀÌ ÁÖ¾îÀÎ those¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç µ¿»ç´Â areÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * seek: Ãß±¸ÇÏ´Ù * audition: ¿Àµð¼Ç * glamorous: ¸ÅȤÀûÀÎ * accept: ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌ´Ù, ¼ö¶ôÇÏ´Ù * limitation: Á¦ÇÑ * critical: ½É°¢ÇÑ 23. Çؼ®: ÇÑ °¡Áö Áß¿äÇÑ »ç±³ ´É·ÂÀº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×µé ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °¨Á¤À» ¾ó¸¶³ª Àß Ç¥ÇöÇϴ°¡ ȤÀº ¸øÇϴ°¡ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Paul EkmanÀº ¾î¶² °¨Á¤ÀÌ ¾ðÁ¦ ÀûÀýÇÏ°Ô Ç¥ÇöµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »çȸÀûÀÎ ÇÕÀÇ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¡®(°¨Á¤) Ç¥Çö ±ÔÄ¢¡¯À̶ó´Â ¿ë¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ Á¡¿¡ °üÇؼ­ ¹®È­´Â ¶§¶§·Î ¾ÆÁÖ ´Ù¾çÇÏ´Ù. _¿¹¸¦ µé¾î_, Ekman°ú ±×ÀÇ µ¿·áµéÀº ÇÑ ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ ±¹°¡¿¡¼­ 10´ë È£ÁÖ ¿øÁÖ¹ÎÀÌ ÇàÇÏ´Â ÀǽĿ¡ °üÇÑ ¹«¼­¿î ¿µÈ­¸¦ º» ÇлýµéÀÇ ¾ó±¼ ¹ÝÀÀÀ» ¿¬±¸Çß´Ù. ÇлýµéÀÌ ±ÇÀ§ ÀÖ´Â Àι°ÀÌ Âü¼®ÇÑ »óÅ¿¡¼­ ¿µÈ­¸¦ ºÃÀ» ¶§, ±×µéÀÇ ¾ó±¼Àº ´ÜÁö ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑÀÇ ¹ÝÀÀÀÇ ±â»öÀ» º¸¿´´Ù. _±×·¯³ª_ ±×µéÀÌ È¥ÀÚ ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇßÀ» ¶§¿¡´Â (ºñ·Ï ±×µéÀº ºñ¹Ð Ä«¸Þ¶ó·Î ÃÔ¿µµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â ÁßÀ̾úÁö¸¸) ºÒÆíÇÑ °¨Á¤ÀÌ »ý»ýÇÏ°Ô µÚ¹ü¹÷ÀÌ µÇ¾î ±×µéÀÇ ¾ó±¼Àº µÚƲ·Á ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. (Çؼ³) (A) ºóÄ­ ¾Õ¿¡ °¨Á¤À» Ç¥ÇöÇÏ´Â ¹æ½ÄÀÌ ¹®È­¿¡ µû¶ó ¾ÆÁÖ ´Ù¸£´Ù´Â ¸»ÀÌ ³ª¿À°í, µÚ¿¡´Â EkmanÀÌ ÇàÇÑ ½ÇÇèÀÇ ¿¹°¡ ³ª¿À¹Ç·Î, ¿¹½ÃÀÇ ¿¬°á¾î For exampleÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (B) ºóÄ­ ¾Õ°ú µÚ°¡ ¼­·Î »ó¹ÝµÇ´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ ³ª¿À¹Ç·Î, ´ëÁ¶ÀÇ ¿¬°á¾î However°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) Paul Ekman uses the term ¡®display rules¡¯ for the social agreement _about which_ feelings can be properly shown when.: which´Â feelings¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇØ ÁÖ´Â Àǹ®»çÀ̸ç, ÀüÄ¡»ç aboutÀº which°¡ À̲ô´Â Àǹ®»çÀýÀ» ¸ñÀû¾î·Î ¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Ù. 118ÂÊ (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * competence: ´É·Â, Àû¼º * in this regard: ÀÌ Á¡¿¡ °üÇؼ­´Â * hint: ±â»ö, ³¦»õ * twist: µÚƲ¸®´Ù * mix: È¥ÇÕ, µÚ¹ü¹÷ 24. Çؼ®: ºñ»óÇÏ´Â µ¶¼ö¸®´Â 1¸¶ÀÏ ¶³¾îÁø °÷¿¡¼­µµ Ç®¹ç¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Á㸦 º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ³î¶ó¿î ´É·ÂÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. _ºñ½ÁÇÏ°Ô_, °í¾çÀÌ´Â ¾îµÒ ¼Ó¿¡¼­µµ º¼ ¼ö Àִ Ưº°ÇÑ ´É·ÂÀ» °®°í ÀÖ´Ù. ½Ã°£ÀÌ È帣¸é¼­ ÀÚ¿¬ ¼±ÅÃÀ» ÅëÇØ, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ µ¿¹°µéÀº ±×µéÀÇ »îÀÇ ¹æ½Ä¿¡ Ưº°È÷ ÀûÇÕÇÑ ½Ã·Â ü°è¸¦ ¹ß´Þ½ÃÄ×´Ù. Àΰ£ÀÇ ½Ã·Â ü°è ¶ÇÇÑ ¸¹Àº °Íµé¿¡ Àß ÀûÀÀµÇ¾î ¿Ô´Ù. _ºñ·Ï_ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¾ß°£ ½Ã·ÂÀº °í¾çÀÌÀÇ °Í¸¸Å­ ÁÁÁö´Â ¾ÊÁö¸¸, »öÀ» ±¸ºÐÇÏ´Â ´É·ÂÀº Ź¿ùÇÏ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ³ª»Û °Å·¡´Â ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ¼®¾çÀÇ ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿òÀ» Áñ±æ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ¾îµÒ ¼Ó¿¡¼­ °¡²û ³Ñ¾îÁ®µµ µÉ ¸¸Å­ÀÇ °¡Ä¡°¡ ÀÖ¾î º¸À̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) (A) ºóÄ­ ¾ÕÀÇ ³»¿ëÀº ³ôÀÌ ³ª´Â µ¶¼ö¸®°¡ ¸Ö¸® ¶³¾îÁø Àܵð À§ÀÇ Á㸦 ¹ß°ßÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¶Ù¾î³­ ´É·ÂÀ» °®°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ°í µÚÀÇ ³»¿ëÀº °í¾çÀÌ°¡ ¾îµÒ ¼Ó¿¡¼­ º¼ ¼ö Àִ Ưº°ÇÑ ´É·ÂÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ´Ù. _µû¶ó¼­_ À¯»çÇÑ ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ ´ã°í ÀÖ´Â ³»¿ëÀ» ¿¬°áÇÒ ¶§ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¿¬°á¾î Similarly°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (B) ºóÄ­À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ¹®ÀåÀº Àΰ£ÀÌ ¹ã¿¡ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´É·ÂÀº °í¾çÀ̸¸ ¸ø_ÇÏÁö¸¸_ »öÀ» ±¸º°ÇÏ´Â ´É·ÂÀº ¶Ù¾î³ª´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀ» ´ã°í ÀÖ´Ù. _µû¶ó¼­_ ¾çº¸ÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ ´ã°í ÀÖ´Â ¿¬°á¾î Although°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) ¡¦ these animals have developed visual systems uniquely 46^^_adapted to their way of life_.: adapted ¡¦ life´Â visual systems¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÑ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * soaring: ³¯¾Æ¿À¸£´Â, ±Þ»ó½ÂÇÏ´Â * incredible: ³î¶ó¿î, ´ë´ÜÇÑ * extraordinary: ºñ»óÇÑ, º¸ÅëÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ * adapted to: ~¿¡ Àû´çÇÑ, ¾Ë¸ÂÀº * tradeoff: °Å·¡ * occasional: À̵û±Ý¾¿ÀÇ, °¡²ûÀÇ 25. Çؼ®: ¿ª»ç»ó ƯÁ¤ ½Ã±â¿¡´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ »ý°¢°ú ´À³¦À» ¿Ïº®È÷ Á¦¾îÇÏ´Â ¹ýÀ» ¹è¿ìÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù¸é ¿ÏÀüÇÑ Àΰ£ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ´ç¿¬½ÃÇØ ¿Â ¹®È­°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. _¿¹¸¦ µé¾î_ °í´ë ½ºÆĸ£Å¸ ½Ã´ë¿¡¼­, ·Î¸¶ °øÈ­Á¤½Ã´ë¿¡¼­, ºòÅ丮¾Æ ½Ã´ëÀÇ ¿µ±¹ »ó·ù°èÃþµé »çÀÌ¿¡¼­´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °¨Á¤À» ÅëÁ¦ÇÒ Ã¥ÀÓÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ÆòÁ¤½ÉÀ» ³Ê¹«³ª ½±°Ô ÀÒ¾î¹ö¸®´Â »ç¶÷Àº ´©±¸¶óµµ »çȸ ±¸¼º¿øÀ¸·Î¼­ ¹Þ¾Æµé¿©Áú ±Ç¸®¸¦ ¹ÚÅ»´çÇß´Ù. _±×·¯³ª_ Áö±Ý ¿ì¸®°¡ »ì°í ÀÖ´Â ½Ã±â¿Í °°Àº ¿ª»çÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ½Ã±â¿¡´Â, ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ÅëÁ¦ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´É·ÂÀÌ Ç×»ó ³ô°Ô Á¸Áß ¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Â °Í¸¸Àº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯ÇÑ °Í(ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °¨Á¤À» ¿Ïº®È÷ ÅëÁ¦ÇÏ·Á´Â °Í)À» ½ÃµµÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº Á¾Á¾ ÀÌ»óÇÏ°Ô ¿©°ÜÁø´Ù. (Çؼ³) (A) ºóÄ­ ¾Õ ¹®Àå¿¡¼­´Â »ý°¢°ú °¨Á¤ÀÇ ÅëÁ¦¸¦ ¾ð±ÞÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, µÚ ¹®Àå¿¡¼­´Â ƯÁ¤ ½Ã´ëÀÇ »ç¶÷µé°ú ±× °¨Á¤ ÅëÁ¦¿¡ °üÇÑ ¼¼ºÎÀûÀÎ ³»¿ëÀÌ Á¦½ÃµÇ°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, for exampleÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (B) ºóÄ­ ¾Õ ¹®Àå¿¡ ÀÌÀü ½Ã´ë¿¡´Â °¨Á¤À» ÅëÁ¦ÇÏ´Â ´É·ÂÀÌ Á߽õǾú´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ Á¦½ÃµÈ ¹Ý¸é, µÚ ¹®Àå¿¡¼­´Â ¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ °æ¿ì ±× ´É·ÂÀÌ °æ½ÃµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â »ó¹ÝµÇ´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ Á¦½ÃµÇ°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, however°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) ¡¦ cultures have taken _it_ for granted _that_ a person was not fully human unless he or she learned to master thoughts and feelings.: itÀº Çü½Ä»óÀÇ °¡¸ñÀû¾îÀÌ°í that ÀÌÇÏ°¡ Àǹ̻óÀÇ Áø¸ñÀû¾îÀÌ´Ù. unless´Â if ¡¦ notÀÇ ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * take it for granted that ~: ~À» ´ç¿¬½ÃÇÏ´Ù * master: ¼÷´ÞÇÏ´Ù * emotion: °¨Á¤ * lose one's temper: È­¸¦ ³»´Ù * be deprived of: ~À» »©¾Ñ±â´Ù * attempt: ½ÃµµÇÏ´Ù 119ÂÊ ^[09°­ ¾îÈÖ Ãß·Ð º»¹® 140~157ÂÊ 01 ¨é 02 ¨ê 03 ¨ç 04 ¨ç 05 ¨é 06 ¨é 07 ¨è 08 ¨ë 09 ¨è 10 ¨é 11 ¨ë 12 ¨ê 13 ¨ç 14 ¨è 15 ¨ê 16 ¨é 17 ¨ë 18 ¨è 19 ¨ë 20 ¨è 21 ¨è 22 ¨ê 23 ¨è 24 ¨ë 25 ¨é 26 ¨é 27 ¨é 28 ¨ç 29 ¨è 30 ¨è 31 ¨ë 32 ¨è 33 ¨è 34 ¨è 35 ¨è 36 ¨ç 37 ¨ê 38 ¨ê 39 ¨é 40 ¨ç 41 ¨é 01. Çؼ®: ¸ðµÎ ¾Ë´Ù½ÃÇÇ, »ç¹«½Ç¿¡¼­ ÀÏÀ» ¸¶Ä¡±â°¡ Ç×»ó ½±Áö¸¸Àº ¾Ê´Ù. Á¤±Ô ±Ù¹« ½Ã°£ Áß¿¡´Â ¾É¾Æ¼­ ÁýÁßÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Á¶¿ëÇÑ ½Ã°£ÀÌ °ÅÀÇ ¾ø´Ù. »ç¹«Á÷¿øµéÀº ÀüÈ­º§ ¼Ò¸®, Áï¼® ȸÀÇ, ±×¸®°í ¶°µé¾î´ë´Â µ¿·áµé ¶§¹®¿¡ ÁÖ±âÀûÀ¸·Î ¹æÇظ¦ ¹Þ´Â´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÀÌ·± ºñ»ý»êÀûÀÎ ±Ù¹« ½Ã°£¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÀÓ±ÝÀ» Áö±ÞÇÏ´Â °í¿ëÁÖ¿¡°Ô ¸¸Å­À̳ª Á÷¿øµé¿¡°Ôµµ ÁÂÀý°¨À» ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀçÅà ±Ù¹«ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÀÌ·± _¹æÇØ ¿ä¼Ò_µéÀ» ¾ø¾Ö ÁÖ¾î, ÀÏ¿¡ ÁýÁßÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±ä ½Ã°£ ´ÜÀ§¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î ÁØ´Ù. Áý¿¡¼­µµ ¿ª½Ã ³ª¸§´ë·Î ¹®Á¦µéÀÌ ÀÖ°ÚÁö¸¸, ±×°ÍµéÀ» ó¸®ÇÒ ¹æ¹ýÀº ÀÖ´Ù. »ý»ê¼ºÀÌ ºÐ¸íÈ÷ Çâ»óµÉ °ÍÀÌ°í, »ý»ê¹°ÀÇ Áúµµ ³ô¾ÆÁú °ÍÀÌ´Ù. µ¿½Ã¿¡, ÁýÁßÇÏ¿© ÀÏÀ» ¿Ï¼ºÇÏ´Â °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ ¸¸Á·°¨µµ ´©¸± ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) (A) »ç¹«½Ç¿¡¼­´Â ¿©·¯ ¹æÇØ ¿ä¼Òµé·Î ÀÎÇØ Á¶¿ëÈ÷ ÁýÁßÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ½Ã°£ÀÌ °ÅÀÇ ¾ø´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ rarely°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. frequently´Â ¡®ÀÚÁÖ¡¯¶ó´Â ¶æÀÌ´Ù. (B) ÀçÅà ±Ù¹«´Â ¾Õ¿¡¼­ ¾ð±ÞÇÑ ¹æÇØ ¿ä¼ÒµéÀ» Á¦°ÅÇÏ¿© ÀÏ¿¡ ÁýÁßÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ½Ã°£À» ¸¸µé¾î ÁØ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ distractions°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. attractionÀº ¡®¸Å·Â, ²ø¸²¡¯À̶ó´Â ¶æÀÌ´Ù. (C) ÀçÅà ±Ù¹«¸¦ ÅëÇØ ÁýÁßÇÏ¿© ÀÏÀ» ¿Ï¼ºÇÏ´Â °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ ¸¸Á·°¨µµ ´©¸± °ÍÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡ »ý»ê¼ºÀÌ Çâ»óµÉ °ÍÀ¸·Î º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ increase°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. decrease´Â ¡®°¨¼ÒÇÏ´Ù¡¯¶ó´Â ¶æÀÌ´Ù. (±¸¹®) This can be _as_ frustrating for an employee _as_ it is for the employer _who_ is paying for this nonproductive work time.: 'as ¡¦ as ¡¦'´Â ¡®¡¦¸¸Å­ ~ÇÑ¡¯À» ¶æÇϴµ¥, µÎ ¹ø° asÀÇ µÚ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â it is¿Í forÀÇ »çÀÌ¿¡´Â frustratingÀÌ »ý·«µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. who ¡¦ timeÀº ¼±Çà»çÀÎ the employer¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â °ü°èÀýÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * rarely: µå¹°°Ô, °ÅÀÇ ~ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â * regular: Á¤±âÀûÀÎ, º¸ÅëÀÇ * interrupt: ¹æÇØÇÏ´Ù * coworker: Á÷Àå µ¿·á * nonproductive: ºñ»ý»êÀûÀÎ, È¿°ú ¾ø´Â * free A from B: B·ÎºÎÅÍ A¸¦ Á¦°ÅÇÏ´Ù * deal with: ~À» ´Ù·ç´Ù, ~À» ó¸®ÇÏ´Ù * productivity: »ý»ê¼º 02. Çؼ®: »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀúÀåµÈ ¾¾¾Ñ Á¾ÀÚ¸¦ ÀǵµÀûÀ¸·Î ½É±â ½ÃÀÛÇßÀ» ¶§ ±×µéÀº ¶ÇÇÑ ÀڽŵéÀÇ ½Ä¹°À» º¸È£Çϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÀÌµé ½Ä¿ë½Ä¹°ÀÌ ´õ ÀÌ»ó ÀÚ¿¬È¯°æ ¼Ó¿¡¼­ »ì¾Æ³²¾Æ¾ß ÇÒ Çʿ伺ÀÌ ¾ø¾îÁö¸é¼­ ±×°ÍµéÀÌ °æÇèÇÑ ÁøÈ­Àû ¾Ð¹ÚÀ» º¯È­½ÃÄ×´Ù. ´ë½Å¿¡, »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×°ÍµéÀ» À§ÇÑ »õ·Î¿î ȯ°æÀ» âÁ¶Çß°í, ÀÚ¿¬ÀÌ ÀÌÀü¿¡ ¼±ÅÃÇÑ °Í°ú´Â ´Ù¸¥ Ư¡µéÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇß´Ù. °í°íÇÐÀû ÇöÀå¿¡¼­ ¹ß±¼µÈ ¾¾¾ÑµéÀº ³óºÎµéÀÌ ´õ Å« ¾¾¾Ñ°ú ´õ ¾ãÀº ²®ÁúÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇß´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¸í¹éÈ÷ º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. µÎ²¨¿î ²®ÁúÀº ÈçÈ÷ ¾¾¾ÑÀÌ ÀÚ¿¬È¯°æ¿¡¼­ »ýÁ¸ÇÏ´Â µ¥ ÇʼöÀûÀε¥ (±×°ÍÀº) ¸¹Àº ¾ß»ý ½Ä¹°ÀÇ ¾¾¾ÑÀÌ °Ü¿ïÀÌ ³¡³ª°í ºñ°¡ ¿À±â ½ÃÀÛÇÒ ¶§±îÁö ¿©·¯ ´ÞÀ» ¹ßÀ° Á¤Áö »óÅ·Π³²¾Æ ÀÖ¾î¾ß Çϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ Àΰ£ÀÇ °ü¸® ÇÏ¿¡¼­ µÎ²¨¿î ¾¾¾Ñ ²®ÁúÀº ºÒÇÊ¿äÇѵ¥, (±×°ÍÀº) ³óºÎµéÀÌ ¼öºÐ°ú Æ÷½ÄÀڷκÎÅÍ ¾¾¾ÑÀ» º¸È£ÇÏ¿© ÀúÀåÇϴ åÀÓÀ» _ÇÇÇϱâ/¡æ ³Ñ°Ü¹Þ±â_ ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. »ç½Ç, ´õ ¾ãÀº ²®ÁúÀ» °¡Áø ¾¾¾ÑÀº ±×°ÍÀÌ ¸Ô°Å³ª °¡·ç·Î °¡°øÇϱⰡ ´õ ¼ö¿ùÇÏ°í ÆÄÁ¾µÇ¾úÀ» ¶§ ¹¦¸ñÀÌ ´õ ºü¸£°Ô ¹ß¾ÆÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ¼±È£µÇ¾ú´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¾ß»ý »óÅ¿ʹ ´Þ¸® Àΰ£ÀÇ °ü¸® ÇÏ¿¡¼­ µÎ²¨¿î ¾¾¾Ñ ²®ÁúÀº ºÒÇÊ¿äÇѵ¥, ±×°ÍÀº ³óºÎµéÀÌ ¼öºÐ°ú Æ÷½ÄÀڷκÎÅÍ ¾¾¾ÑÀ» º¸È£ÇÏ¿© ÀúÀåÇϴ åÀÓÀ» ³Ñ°Ü¹Þ±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ¨ê evade(ÇÇÇÏ´Ù)¸¦ ¡®³Ñ°Ü¹Þ´Ù¡¯´Â Àǹ̸¦ Áö´Ñ take over·Î °íÃÄ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (±¸¹®) In fact, seeds with thinner coats were preferred as they are easier to eat or process into flour, and they allow seedlings to sprout more quickly _when(they are) sown_.: as ÀÌÇÏ´Â ÀÌÀ¯¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ºÎ»çÀýÀÌ´Ù. when µÚ¿¡´Â they are°¡ »ý·«µÇ¾î Àִµ¥, ºÎ»çÀýÀÇ ÁÖ¾î¿Í ÁÖÀýÀÇ Á־ °°Àº °æ¿ì ºÎ»çÀýÀÇ ÁÖ¾î¿Í beµ¿»ç´Â »ý·«µÉ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * seed stock: ¾¾¾Ñ Á¾ÀÚ * deliberately: ÀǵµÀûÀ¸·Î, ÀϺη¯ * archaeological: °í°íÇÐÀÇ * dormant: ¹ßÀ° Á¤Áö ÁßÀÎ, ÈÞÁö±âÀÇ * set in: ½ÃÀ۵Ǵ٠* seedling: ¹¦¸ñ, ¸ðÁ¾ * sprout: ¹ß¾ÆÇÏ´Ù, ¹ßÀ°ÇÏ´Ù 120ÂÊ 03. Çؼ®: À̵û±Ý, ÀڽŵéÀÇ ÀǺ¹ ¼±ÅÃÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏÁö ¾Ê°Å³ª ½ÉÁö¾î °Ç°­¿¡ ÁÁÁö ¾Ê´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÏ´Â µ¥ ¾î·Á¿òÀ» °Þ´Â ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¾î¶² ¾ÆÀ̵éÀº ´«ÀÌ ¿À´Â ³¯ »÷µéÀ» ½Å´Â °ÍÀº ÃÖ¼±ÀÇ ¼±ÅÃÀÌ ¾Æ´Ò °ÍÀ̶ó´Â _Á¦¾ÈÀ» µû¸¥´Ù/¡æ ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù_. ±×·¯ÇÑ ¾ÆÀ̵鿡°Ô´Â °æÇèÀÌ °¡Àå ÁÁÀº ±³»ç°¡ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, Lydia´Â ¿©´ü »ì ¶§, Àεµ°¡ ´«°ú ÁøâÀ¸·Î µ¤¿© ÀÖ´Ù´Â °æ°í¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í, ÀڱⰡ Á¦ÀÏ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Â »÷µéÀ» ½Å°í Çб³¿¡ °¡°Ú´Ù°í °íÁýÀ» ºÎ·È´Ù. ±×³àÀÇ ¾î¸Ó´Ï´Â ±×³à°¡ ¹ßÀÌ Â÷°©°Ô Á¥Àº »óÅ·ΠÇб³¿¡ µµÂøÇÏ°Ô µÉ±îºÁ °ÆÁ¤ÇßÀ¸³ª, Lydia´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¸¶À½À» ¹Ù²Ù·Á ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¹°·Ð, ¾î¸Ó´ÏÀÇ »ý°¢ÀÌ ¿Ç¾Ò´Ù. Lydia´Â µîÇϱ·±æ¿¡ ¹ß°¡¶ôµéÀÌ ¹°¿¡ Á¥°í ¾ó¾î¼­ ½ÇÁ¦·Î ¸î °³ÀÇ ¹ß°¡¶ôÀÌ Á¤¸» ¸Å¿ì ºÒÆíÇßÁö¸¸, ¶§¶§·Î ÆмÇÀº ½ÉÇÑ ºÒÆíÇÔÀÇ ´ë°¡¸¦ Ä¡¸¦ ¸¸Å­ °¡Ä¡°¡ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ¹è¿ü´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¨çÀÌ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ ¹®ÀåÀº ¾Õ¿¡¼­ ¾ð±ÞÇÑ ÀûÀýÇÑ ÀǺ¹ ¼±ÅÃÀ» ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÇ ÇൿÀÇ ¿¹½Ã¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÑ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ±× ¾ÆÀ̵éÀº ´«ÀÌ ¿À´Â ³¯ »÷µéÀ» ½Å´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀûÀýÄ¡ ¸øÇÏ´Ù´Â Á¦¾ÈÀ» ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù°í ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀÚ¿¬½º·¯¿ì¹Ç·Î ¨ç follow¸¦ resist µîÀ¸·Î °íÃÄ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (±¸¹®) For example, when Lydia was eight years old, she insisted on wearing her favorite sandals to school _despite_ warnings _that_ the sidewalks were covered in snow and slush.: despite´Â ÀüÄ¡»çÀ̹ǷΠµÚ¿¡ ¸í»ç(±¸)°¡ À̾îÁø´Ù. that ¡¦ slush´Â warnings¿Í ÀÇ¹Ì»ó µ¿°ÝÀ» ÀÌ·ç°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * inappropriate: ÀûÀýÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº * option: ¼±ÅÃ, ¼±ÅÃ±Ç * slush: Áøâ, Áøâ±æ * discomfort: ºÒÆí, ºÒÄè 04. Çؼ®: 16¼¼±â ¸»¿¡ ½ÃÀÛµÈ, ºÏ¹Ì¿¡¼­ ½Ä¹ÎÁö¸¦ ¼³¸³ÇÏ·Á´Â À×±Û·£µåÀÇ °èȹÀº _±×¸©µÈ_ »ý°¢¿¡ ±â¹ÝÀ» µÎ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. À×±Û·£µå°¡ ¼ÒÀ¯±ÇÀ» ÁÖÀåÇß´ø ºÏ¹Ì ´ë·úÀÇ Áö¿ªÀÎ ¹öÁö´Ï¾Æ´Â À¯·´ÀÇ ÁöÁßÇØ Áö¿ª°ú ºñ½ÁÇÑ À§µµ¿¡ ³õ¿© ÀÖ¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ±× Áö¿ª°ú ¶È°°Àº ±âÈĸ¦ °¡Áú °ÍÀ̶ó°í ÃßÁ¤µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±× °á°ú, ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä« ½Ä¹ÎÁöµéÀÌ ÀÏ´Ü ¼³¸³µÇ¸é ¿Ã¸®ºê¿Í °úÀÏ°ú °°Àº ÁöÁßÇØÀÇ ¹°Ç°À» °ø±ÞÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µÇ¾î¼­ À¯·´ ´ë·úÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍÀÇ ¼öÀÔÇ°¿¡ ´ëÇÑ À×±Û·£µåÀÇ _ÀÇÁ¸µµ_¸¦ ÁÙÀÏ ¼ö Àֱ⸦ À×±Û·£µå ±¹¹ÎµéÀº Èñ¸ÁÇß´Ù. ÇÑ »ç¾÷ ¼³¸í¼­¿¡¼­´Â ½Ä¹ÎÁöµéÀÌ ¡°ÇÁ¶û½º¿Í ½ºÆäÀÎÀÇ Æ÷µµÁÖ, °úÀÏ, ¼Ò±ÝÀ»¡¦ Æ丣½Ã¾Æ¿Í ÀÌÅ»¸®¾ÆÀÇ ºñ´ÜÀ»¡± Á¦°øÇØ ÁÙ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ÁÖÀåÇß´Ù. ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î dzºÎÇÑ ¸ñÀç°¡ ½ºÄ­µð³ªºñ¾Æ·ÎºÎÅÍ ¸ñÀ縦 ¼öÀÔÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø°Ô ÇØ ÁÙ °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ¿äÄÁ´ë, ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«´Â »¡¸® ÀÌÀÍÀ» ³»Á٠dz¿äÀÇ ¶¥ÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀ̶ó À߸ø ±â´ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. (Çؼ³) (A) false´Â ¡®±×¸©µÈ¡¯À̶ó´Â ¶æÀÌ°í valid´Â ¡®Å¸´çÇÑ¡¯À̶ó´Â ¶æÀÌ´Ù. ¹öÁö´Ï¾ÆÀÇ ±âÈÄ¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­ À߸ø ÃßÁ¤ÇÏ°í °èȹÀ» ¼¼¿ü±â ¶§¹®¿¡ false°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (B) dependence´Â ¡®ÀÇÁ¸µµ¡¯¶ó´Â ¶æÀÌ°í restrictionÀº ¡®Á¦ÇÑ¡¯À̶ó´Â ¶æÀÌ´Ù. ¹öÁö´Ï¾Æ·ÎºÎÅÍ ÁöÁßÇØ»ê ¹°Ç°À» °ø±Þ¹Þ°Ô µÇ¸é À¯·´À¸·ÎºÎÅÍÀÇ ¼öÀÔÇ°¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÇÁ¸µµ°¡ ³·¾ÆÁö¹Ç·Î dependence°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (C) abundant´Â ¡®Ç³ºÎÇÑ¡¯À̶ó´Â ¶æÀÌ°í scarce´Â ¡®Èñ¹ÚÇÑ¡¯À̶ó´Â ¶æÀÌ´Ù. ½ºÄ­µð³ªºñ¾Æ·ÎºÎÅÍ ¸ñÀ縦 ¼öÀÔÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾øÀ¸·Á¸é ¸ñÀç°¡ dzºÎÇÏ°Ô ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇϹǷΠabundant°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) _It_ was generally assumed _that_ Virginia, the region of the North American continent to which England laid claim, would have the same climate as the Mediterranean region of Europe, since it lay at similar latitudes.: ItÀº Çü½Ä»óÀÇ °¡ÁÖ¾îÀÌ°í that ÀÌÇÏ°¡ Àǹ̻óÀÇ ÁøÁÖ¾îÀÌ´Ù. the region ¡¦ claimÀº Virginia¿Í ÀÇ¹Ì»ó µ¿°ÝÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * assume: ÃßÁ¤ÇÏ´Ù * lay claim to: ~¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼ÒÀ¯±ÇÀ» ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Ù * goods: ¹°Ç°, »óÇ° * continental: À¯·´ ´ë·úÀÇ, ´ë·úÀÇ * timber: ¸ñÀç * do away with: ~À» ¾ø¾Ö¹ö¸®´Ù * turn a profit: ÀÌÀÍÀ» ³»´Ù 05. Çؼ®: Ä¿´Ù¶õ »ç¸· Áö´ë°¡ °ÅÀÇ Áö±¸ÀÇ Àý¹ÝÀ» µ¹¾Æ »¸¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ºÏÀεµ¿¡¼­ ½ÃÀÛÇؼ­ ÆÄÅ°½ºÅº°ú ¾ÆÇÁ°¡´Ï½ºÅºÀ» Åë°úÇؼ­ ¼­ÂÊÀ¸·Î Áö³ª°¡°í, À̾ ±Ùµ¿Áö¹æÀ» Åë°úÇÏ°í, »çÇ϶ó »ç¸·À¸·Î ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«¸¦ °¡·ÎÁö¸£¸ç, ´ë¼­¾çÀ» ¶Ù¾î³Ñ¾î ¸ß½ÃÄÚ¿Í ¹Ì±¹ ³²¼­ºÎ¿¡¼­ ³¡³­´Ù. ÀÌ Áö¿ªµéÀ̳ª À¯»çÇÑ Áö¿ªµé°ú ±× °¡±îÀÌ¿¡ ¾Æ¸¶µµ ¼¼°è Àα¸ÀÇ 4ºÐÀÇ 1ÀÌ ºµ¿¡ ¸»¸° ÁøÈëÀ¸·Î ¸¸µç °Ç¹° ¼Ó¿¡¼­ »ì°í ÀÖ´Ù. »ç¸·Àº °ÅÄ¥±âµµ ÇÏ°í ³Ê±×·´±âµµ ÇÏ´Ù. ÀÌ·± ȯ°æ ¼Ó¿¡¼­ÀÇ °­·ÄÇÑ ¿­±â, Çѱâ, ±×¸®°í ¹° ºÎÁ·Àº ¾ÆÁÖ Àß ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ »ç¸·Àº ¶ÇÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±Ø´ÜÀûÀÎ °Íµé¿¡ ¸Â¼­ ½º½º·Î¸¦ º¸È£ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â _ÃæºÐÄ¡ ¾ÊÀº/¡æ ÃæºÐÇÑ_ ¼ö´ÜÀ» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. ¼öõ ³â µ¿¾È ÈëÀº »ç¸·°ú °ÇÁ¶ÇÑ ´ëÃÊ¿ø¿¡¼­ °ÇÃà ÀÚÀç·Î »ç¿ëµÇ¾î ¿Ô´Ù. ÁøÈë °ÇÃ๰Àº ¿Âµµ º¯È­¿¡ ¸Å¿ì ³»¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ°í ³·ÀÇ ¿­±â¿Í ¹ãÀÇ Çѱ⸦ Â÷´ÜÇÑ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¨éÀÌ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ ¹®Àå µÚ¿¡´Â »ç¸·ÀÇ ÁøÈëÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇؼ­ Áþ´Â °ÅÁÖÁöÀÇ ÀåÁ¡ÀÌ À̾ Á¦½ÃµÇ°í Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ »ç¸·ÀÌ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ÃæºÐÇÑ º¸È£ ¼ö´ÜÀ» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ ¹®¸Æ»ó ÀÚ¿¬½º·´´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ¨é insufficient¸¦ sufficient·Î °íÃÄ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (±¸¹®) Starting in North India, it _passes_ west through Pakistan and Afghanistan, _continues_ through the Near East, _crosses_ Africa as the Sahara, and 121ÂÊ leaping the Atlantic, _ends_ in Mexico and the Southwest United States.: ÁÖ¾î itÀÇ µ¿»ç passes, continues, crosses, ends°¡ º´·Ä ±¸Á¶(A, B, C, and D)¸¦ ÀÌ·ç°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * belt: Áö´ë, Áö¹æ * the Near East: ±Ùµ¿(¾Æ¶óºñ¾Æ¡¤ºÏµ¿ ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«¡¤¹ßÄ­À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â Áö¹æ) * leap: ¶Ù¾î³Ñ´Ù * similar: À¯»çÇÑ * quarter: 4ºÐÀÇ 1 * population: Àα¸ * construct: ¼¼¿ì´Ù, °ÇÃàÇÏ´Ù * harsh: °ÅÄ£ * generous: ºñ¿ÁÇÑ, °ü´ëÇÑ * intense: °­·ÄÇÑ * scarcity: ºÎÁ· * insufficient: ÃæºÐÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº * means: ¼ö´Ü * shelter: °¨Ãß´Ù, º¸È£ÇÏ´Ù * architecture: °ÇÃ๰ * resistant: ³»¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Â, ÀúÇ×ÇÏ´Â 06. Çؼ®: ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀº »çȸÀûÀ¸·Î ÁÁÀº °ü°è¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ µÎ °¡Áö »óÈ£º¸¿ÏÀûÀÎ °úÁ¤, Áï ŸÀÎÀÇ ¿ä±¸¿¡ ¹Î°¨ÇÑ °Í°ú À§¹Ý ÇàÀ§°¡ Á¤¸»·Î »ý±â¸é º¸»óÀ̳ª ¹è»óÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÀÚ±ØÀ» ¹Þ´Â °Í¿¡ ´Þ·Á ÀÖ´Ù´Â Á¡À» ½Ã»çÇØ ¿Ô´Ù. ¿ä¾àÇϸé, ÁÁÀº »çȸÀû °ü°è¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÁËÃ¥°¨¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼ö¿ë ´É·Â¿¡ ´Þ·Á ÀÖ´Ù. Martin L. HoffmanÀº, ŸÀο¡°Ô Çظ¦ ÀÔÈ÷¸é »ý±â´Â ÁËÃ¥°¨¿¡ ÃÊÁ¡À» ¸ÂÃç ¿Ô´Âµ¥, ±×´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÁËÃ¥°¨¿¡ ´ëÇØ µ¿±â°¡ À¯¹ßµÇ´Â ±â¹ÝÀº °íÅëÀÇ °ø°¨À̶ó°í ½Ã»çÇÑ´Ù. °íÅëÀÇ °ø°¨Àº ÀڽŵéÀÇ ÇൿÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ¼ÕÇسª °íÅëÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Ä×À½À» _ºÎÀÎÇÒ/¡æ ±ú´ÞÀ»_ ¶§ »ý±ä´Ù. ÁËÃ¥°¨ ¶§¹®¿¡ ÀÚ±ØÀ» ¹ÞÀ» ¶§, »ç¶÷µéÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Çൿ¿¡ ´ëÇØ º¸»óÀ» ÇÏ·Á´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. º¸»óÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¼Õ»óµÈ »çȸÀû °ü°è¸¦ ȸº¹ÇÏ°í Áý´ÜÀÇ È­ÇÕÀ» º¹¿øÇÏ´Â ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. (Çؼ³) »ç¶÷Àº ÁËÃ¥°¨ ¶§¹®¿¡ ÀÚ±ØÀ» ¹Þ´Â´Ù°í ÇßÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ÀڽŵéÀÇ ÇൿÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ¼ÕÇسª °íÅëÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Ä×À½À» ±ú´ÞÀ» ¶§ °íÅëÀÇ °ø°¨ÀÌ »ý±ä´Ù°í ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¿Ç´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ¨é deny¸¦ realize·Î °íÃÄ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (±¸¹®) Martin L. Hoffman, _who_ has focused on the guilt _that_ comes from harming others, _suggests_ that the motivational basis for this guilt is empathetic distress.: who ¡¦ others´Â ÁÖ¾îÀÎ Martin L. HoffmanÀ» ºÎ¿¬ ¼³¸íÇÏ´Â °ü°èÀýÀÌ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, that ¡¦ others´Â the guilt¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â °ü°èÀýÀÌ´Ù. Á־ 3ÀÎĪ ´Ü¼öÀ̹ǷÎ, µ¿»ç´Â ÀÌ¿¡ ÀÏÄ¡½ÃÄÑ suggests¸¦ »ç¿ëÇß´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * complementary: »óÈ£º¸¿ÏÀûÀÎ, º¸ÃæÇÏ´Â * sensitive: ¹Î°¨ÇÑ, ¿¹¹ÎÇÑ * make amends: º¸»óÇÏ´Ù * compensation: ¹è»ó, º¯»ó * capacity: ¼ö¿ë ´É·Â * guilt: ÁËÃ¥°¨, ÁËÀÇ½Ä * empathetic: °ø°¨ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â, °¨Á¤ ÀÌÀÔÀÇ * distress: °íÅë, ºñź, °í¹Î 07. Çؼ®: °ÆÁ¤Àº ¸ðµç Á¾·ùÀÇ Á¤½ÅÀûÀÎ È°µ¿¿¡ ÇØ·Î¿î ¿µÇâÀ» ÁØ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ¾î¶² ¸é¿¡¼­ À¯¿ëÇÑ ¹ÝÀÀÀÌ (¿ø·¡ÀÇ ¸ñÀû¿¡¼­) ºø³ª°£ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Áï, ±×°ÍÀº ¿¹»óµÈ À§Çù¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áö³ªÄ¡°Ô ¿­¼ºÀûÀÎ Á¤½ÅÀû ÁغñÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×·¯ÇÑ Á¤½ÅÀû ¿¹Çà ¿¬½ÀÀÌ ÁÖÀÇ·ÂÀ» »©¾Ñ¾Æ ´Ù¸¥ °÷¿¡ ÁýÁßÇÏ·Á´Â ¿Â°® ½Ãµµ¸¦ ¹æÇØÇÏ´Â »ý»ê¼ºÀÌ ¶³¾îÁö´Â Ʋ¿¡ °¤È÷¸é, ±×°ÍÀº _ÆĸêÀûÀÎ_ ÀÎÁöÀû Á¤Áö »óÅ°¡ µÈ´Ù. °ÆÁ¤Àº ÁöÀû ´É·ÂÀ» ÈѼÕÇÑ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î Ç×°ø±³Åë°üÁ¦»ç¿Í °°ÀÌ º¹ÀâÇÏ°í ÁöÀûÀ¸·Î Èûµé°í ¾Ð¹ÚÀÌ ½ÉÇÑ ¾÷¹«¿¡¼­´Â ¸¸¼ºÀûÀ¸·Î ¸¹Àº °ÆÁ¤À» ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ±× »ç¶÷ÀÌ °á±¹ ÈÆ·ÃÀ̳ª ½ÇÀü¿¡¼­ ½ÇÆÐÇÒ °ÍÀÓÀ» °ÅÀÇ Á¤È®È÷ ¿¹¾ðÇÑ´Ù. Ç×°ø±³Åë°üÁ¦»ç ÈÆ·ÃÀ» ¹Þ´Â 1,790¸íÀÇ Çлý¿¡ °üÇÑ ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­ ¹àÇôÁø ¹Ù¿Í °°ÀÌ, °ÆÁ¤ÀÌ ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀº Áö´É °Ë»ç¿¡¼­ _´õ ¿ì¼öÇÑ_ ¼ºÀûÀ» ¹Þ¾ÒÀ» ¶§Á¶Â÷µµ Åë°úÇÏÁö ¸øÇÒ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ³ô´Ù. °ÆÁ¤Àº ¶ÇÇÑ ¸ðµç Á¾·ùÀÇ Çо÷À» ¹æÇØÇÑ´Ù. 36,000¸í ³Ñ´Â »ç¶÷À» ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ÇÑ 126°¡ÁöÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ¿¬±¸´Â °ÆÁ¤¿¡ _ºüÁö±â ½¬¿î_ »ç¶÷Àϼö·Ï Çо÷ ¼ºÃëµµ°¡ ´õ ºÎÁøÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù. (Çؼ³) (A) °ÆÁ¤ÀÌ ÁöÀû ´É·ÂÀ» ¾àÈ­½ÃŲ´Ù°í ÇßÀ¸¹Ç·Î, disastrous(ÆĸêÀûÀÎ)°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. constructive´Â ¡®°Ç¼³ÀûÀΡ¯À̶ó´Â ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. (B) °ÆÁ¤ÀÌ ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ´õ ¿ì¼öÇÑ ¼ºÀûÀ» ¹Þ¾ÒÀ» ¶§Á¶Â÷µµ Åë°úÇÏÁö ¸øÇÒ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ³ô´Ù°í ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹®¸Æ»ó ÀûÀýÇϹǷÎ, superior(´õ ¿ì¼öÇÑ)°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. inferior´Â ¡®´õ ¿­µîÇÑ¡¯À̶ó´Â ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. (C) Çо÷ ¼ºÃëµµ°¡ ´õ ºÎÁøÇÑ °ÍÀº ½±°Ô °ÆÁ¤À» ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷À̹ǷÎ, prone(°É¸®±â/ºüÁö±â ½¬¿î)ÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. resistant´Â ¡®ÀúÇ×ÇÏ´Â, ÀúÇ×·ÂÀÌ Àִ¡¯ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. (±¸¹®) _The anxious_ are more likely to fail 46^^_even given superior scores on intelligence tests_, as a study of 1,790 students in training for air traffic control posts discovered.: 'the+Çü¿ë»ç'´Â º¹¼ö º¸Åë¸í»ç·Î ¾²À̸ç The anxious´Â ¡®°ÆÁ¤ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé¡¯ÀÇ Àǹ̷Π»ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. even given ¡¦ tests´Â ¾çº¸ÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ºÐ»ç±¸¹®ÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * zealous: ¿­¼ºÀûÀÎ, ¿­±¤ÀûÀÎ * cognitive: ÀνÄÀÇ * static: Á¤Áö »óÅÂ, °øÀü »óÅ * stale: »ý»ê¼ºÀÌ ¶³¾îÁö´Â, ¸ÆÀÌ ºüÁö´Â; ÁøºÎÇÑ 122ÂÊ * routine: Ʋ(±ÔÄ¢ÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÏ´Â ÀÏÀÇ Åë»óÀûÀÎ ¼ø¼­¿Í ¹æ¹ý), ÆÇ¿¡ ¹ÚÈù ÀÏ, ÀÏ»óÀÇ °úÁ¤ * intrude on: ~¿¡ ³¢¾îµé´Ù, ~À» ¹æÇØÇÏ´Ù * undermine: ÈѼÕÇÏ´Ù * demanding: Áö³ªÄ£ ¿ä±¸¸¦ ÇÏ´Â * air traffic controller: Ç×°ø±³Åë°üÁ¦»ç * chronically: ¸¸¼ºÀûÀ¸·Î * sabotage: °íÀÇ·Î ¹æÇØÇÏ´Ù * prone to: ~Çϱ⠽¬¿î, ~¿¡ °É¸®±â ½¬¿î 08. Çؼ®: Áö³­ 40³â µ¿¾È¿¡ Áö±¸ À§ÀÇ ¾î¶² ³ª¶óµµ ¾ËÄÚ¿Ã ¼Òºñ·®À» ÇÁ¶û½ºº¸´Ù ´õ ÁÙÀÌÁö´Â ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ÇÁ¶û½º¿¡¼­ ¸ÆÁÖ¿Í µ¶ÇÑ ¼úÀÇ ¼Òºñ°¡ ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ²ÙÁØÇß´ø ¹Ý¸é, Æ÷µµÁÖ·Î ¸»¹Ì¾ÏÀº 1ÀÎ´ç ¾ËÄÚ¿Ã ¼Òºñ´Â 1962³â 20¸®ÅÍ¿¡¼­ 2001³â ¾à 8¸®ÅÍ·Î ¶³¾îÁ³´Ù. ÁÙ¾îµç Æ÷µµÁÖ ¼Òºñ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇÑ °¡Áö ÀÌÀ¯´Â ÇÁ¶û½ºÀÎÀÇ ½Ä»ç°¡ »¡¶óÁø °ÍÀÌ´Ù. 1978³â ÇÁ¶û½ºÀÎÀÇ Æò±Õ ½Ä»ç´Â 82ºÐ°£ À̾îÁ³´Ù. ÇÑ º´±îÁö´Â ¾Æ´ÏÁö¸¸, ¹Ý º´ Á¤µµ¸¦ ¸¶½Ã±â¿¡´Â ÃæºÐÇÑ ½Ã°£À̾ú´Ù. ÇöÀç ÇÁ¶û½ºÀÎÀÇ Æò±Õ ½Ä»ç ½Ã°£Àº 38ºÐÀ¸·Î ¶Ò ¶³¾îÁ³´Ù. Æ÷µµÁÖ´Â ´À±ßÇÏ°Ô Áñ±â´Â ½Ä»ç°¡ »ç¶óÁø °ÍÀÇ Èñ»ý¾çÀÌ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀÌ º¯È­ÀÇ ¸ñÇ¥´Â ¾Æ´ÏÁö¸¸, Æ÷µµÁÖ ¼ÒºñÀÇ °¨¼Ò´Â ´õ ºü¸£°í ´õ Çö´ëÀûÀÌ°í ºÐÁÖÇÑ »ýÈ° ¹æ½Ä ÃâÇöÀÇ _¿øÀÎ/¡æ ºÎ»ê¹°_ÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) Æ÷µµÁÖÀÇ ¼Òºñ°¡ ÁÙ¾îµç °ÍÀº »¡¶óÁö°í ¹ÙºüÁø Çö´ëÀÇ »ýÈ° ¹æ½Ä ¶§¹®¿¡ »ý°Ü³­ °ÍÀ̹ǷÎ, ¨ë cause¸¦ by-product·Î °íÃÄ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (±¸¹®) It is not the target of the change, but [the decline in wine consumption] _is_ a by-product of the emergence of the faster, more modern, on-the-go lifestyle.: but µÚ¿¡ À̾îÁö´Â ÀýÀÇ ÁÖ¾î´Â the decline ¡¦ consumptionÀε¥ the declineÀÌ ´Ü¼öÀ̹ǷΠÀÌ¿¡ ¼ö¸¦ ÀÏÄ¡½ÃÄÑ beµ¿»ç´Â is·Î ½è´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * consumption: ¼Òºñ(·®) * per capita: 1Àδç * dwindle: ÁÙ¾îµé´Ù * slash: ±ð¾Æ³»¸®´Ù, º£´Ù * leisurely: ¿©À¯ ÀÖ´Â, ´À±ßÇÑ * emergence: ÃâÇö * on-the-go: ºÐÁÖÇÑ, Á¤½Å¾øÀÌ ¹Ù»Û 09. Çؼ®: ¾Ö¿Ïµ¿¹°À» Å°¿ì´Â °¡Àå ÈçÇÏ°Ô ¾ð±ÞµÇ´Â ÀÌÀ¯ Áß Çϳª°¡ ±×°Í(¾Ö¿Ïµ¿¹°À» Å°¿ì´Â °Í)ÀÌ ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â µ¿¹ÝÀÚ °ü°è¸¦ À§Çؼ­¶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ¿ë¾î·Î µ¿¹ÝÀÚÀû °ü°è¶ó´Â °ÍÀº º¸Åë °³¸¦ »êÃ¥½ÃÅ°°Å³ª °í¾çÀÌ¿Í ³î¾Æ ÁÖ´Â °Í °°ÀÌ ÇÔ²² ÇÏ´Â È°µ¿¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î Çؼ®µÈ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Àΰ£°ú ¾Ö¿Ïµ¿¹°ÀÇ ±×·¯ÇÑ ÇൿÀû »óÈ£°ü°è´Â º¸Åë ºÒ±ÕÇüÀûÀ¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ´Ù. Àΰ£Àº °ü½ÉÀ» ¹Þ°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â (¾Ö¿Ï)µ¿¹°ÀÇ ¿ä±¸¿¡ _Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î_ ¹ÝÀÀÇϱ⺸´Ù´Â ±×µéÀÌ ±×·¸°Ô ÇÏ°í ½ÍÀ» ¶§ ¾Ö¿Ïµ¿¹°°ú »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÀ» ÇÏ´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. °Ô´Ù°¡, Àΰ£°ú ¾Ö¿Ïµ¿¹°ÀÇ »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÏ°í ³ª¸é ±×·¯ÇÑ »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ë ÀýÂ÷ÀÇ Á¾·á´Â Ç×»ó »ç¶÷À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ _ºñ·ÔµÇ´Â_ °ÍÀÌ ÀÚÁÖ ¸ñ°ÝµÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº °³¸¦ »êÃ¥½ÃÅ°°Å³ª °í¾çÀÌ¿Í ³î¾Æ ÁÖ´Â È°µ¿ÀÌ Àΰ£ ÁÖÀÎÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ Ã¥ÀÓÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ½Ã°£ÀÌ ³¯ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» ¶§¸¸ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ½Ã»çÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î È°µ¿À̶õ °ÍÀ» ¼±µ¿, ¼öÇà, ±×¸®°í Á¾·á¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ÃÑüÀûÀÎ °³³äÀ¸·Î º»´Ù¸é Àΰ£-¾Ö¿Ïµ¿¹°ÀÇ »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÀÇ Æ¯Á¤ ÇüŸ¦ ÇÔ²²ÇÏ´Â È°µ¿À̶ó°í À̸§ Áþ´Â °ÍÀº À߸øµÈ °ÍÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (Çؼ³) (A) Àΰ£Àº ¾Ö¿Ïµ¿¹°ÀÇ ¿ä±¸¿¡ ¡®Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î¡¯ ¹ÝÀÀÇϱ⺸´Ù´Â ÀÀ´ëÇÏ°í ½ÍÀ» ¶§¿¡¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀ̹ǷΠconsistently¸¦ ½á¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. occasionally´Â ¡®À̵û±Ý¾¿¡¯À̶ó´Â ¶æÀÌ´Ù. (B) ¾Ö¿Ïµ¿¹°°úÀÇ »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÀ» Á¾·á½ÃÅ°´Â °Íµµ Àΰ£À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¡®ºñ·ÔµÈ´Ù¡¯°í ÇØ¾ß ÇϹǷÎ, originates¸¦ ½á¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. separate´Â ¡®ºÐ¸®ÇÏ´Ù¡¯¶ó´Â ¶æÀÌ´Ù. (C) Àΰ£°ú ¾Ö¿Ïµ¿¹°ÀÇ »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÀÇ Æ¯Á¤ ÇüŸ¦ °øÀ¯ÇÏ´Â È°µ¿À̶ó°í À̸§ Áþ´Â °ÍÀº ¡®À߸øµÈ¡¯ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ÇØ¾ß ÇϹǷÎ, misleadingÀ» ½á¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. appealingÀº ¡®¸¶À½À» ²ô´Â¡¯À̶ó´Â ¶æÀÌ´Ù. (±¸¹®) This suggests that _activities_ like walking the dog and playing with the cat only _arise_ when time can be spared from the human owner's other commitments.: thatÀýÀÇ ÁÖ¾î´Â activities ¡¦ catÀ̹ǷΠµ¿»ç´Â activities¿¡ ¼ö¸¦ ÀÏÄ¡½ÃÄÑ arise·Î ½è´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * companionship: µ¿¹ÝÀÚ °ü°è * partake: °°ÀÌ ÇÏ´Ù, Âü¿©ÇÏ´Ù * asymmetrically: ºÒ±ÕÇüÇÏ°Ô, ºñ´ëĪÀ¸·Î * termination: Á¾·á, ÆóÁö * commitment: Ã¥ÀÓ, ¾à¼Ó * misleading: À߸øµÈ, ¿ÀÇØÀÇ ¼ÒÁö°¡ ÀÖ´Â 10. Çؼ®: ºÏ±Ø Áö¹æÀÇ ¼ºÀå ½Ã±â´Â ¼­´ÃÇÒ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ª¾Æ¼­, ½Ä¹°Àº Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç ¿Â±â¸¦ ÃÖ´ëÇÑ ÀÌ¿ëÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¸¹Àº ºÏ±Ø ½Ä¹°ÀÌ ÂªÀº ¼ºÀå ½Ã±â¿¡ _ÀûÀÀÇÑ_ ÇÑ °¡Áö ¹æ¹ýÀº ³ì»öÀ¸·Î °Ü¿ïÀ» ³ª´Â, Áï ¹Ý»ó·Ï¼ºÀÇ ÀÙÀÌ´Ù. ±×°ÍµéÀº ´ÊÀº ¿©¸§¿¡ ¼ºÀåÇÏ¿© ¸»¶óÁ×Áö ¾Ê°í °Ü¿ïÀ» ³ª´Â ÀÙµéÀÌ´Ù. ±×°ÍµéÀº Ǫ¸¥ »óÅ·Π³²¾Æ ÀÖ´Ù°¡, »õ·Î¿î °èÀýÀÇ ÀÙµéÀÌ ÀÚ¶ó³ª¿Í ±â´ÉÀ» ½ÃÀÛÇÒ ½Ã°£ÀÌ ÁÖ¾îÁö±â ÀüÀÎ, º½¿¡ ³¯¾¾°¡ ÃæºÐÈ÷ µû¶æÇØÁöÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ ±¤ÇÕ¼ºÀ» ½ÃÀÛÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×°ÍµéÀº »õ·Î¿î ÀÙµéÀÌ ÀÚ¸®¸¦ ³Ñ°Ü¹ÞÀº ÈÄ¿¡´Â ¸¶Ä§³» _½Ãµé°Ô_ µÈ´Ù. ³ì»öÀ¸·Î °Ü¿ïÀ» ³ª´Â ÀÙÀ» °¡Áø º¸ÅëÀÇ ºÏ±Ø ½Ä¹°ÀÌ ¸¹ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×°Íµé Áß¿¡´Â ºÏ±Ø ¾ç±Íºñ, ¾Æ¸£¸Þ¸®¾Æ, °í»ê ¹üÀDZÍ, ±×¸®°í ¸î °¡Áö Á¾·ùÀÇ º°²É°ú °³¹ÌÃë°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ³ì»öÀ¸·Î °Ü¿ïÀ» ³ª´Â ÀÙµéÀº ºÏ±Ø¿¡¸¸ ±¹ÇѵÇÁö ¾Ê´Âµ¥, ºÏÂÊ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ½£ÀÇ ¸¹Àº ½Ä¹°µµ ±× ÀÙÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. 123ÂÊ (Çؼ³) (A) addictionÀº ¡®Áßµ¶¡¯À̶ó´Â ¶æÀÌ°í, adaptationÀº ¡®ÀûÀÀ¡¯À̶ó´Â ¶æÀÌ´Ù. ³ì»öÀ¸·Î °Ü¿ïÀ» ³ª´Â ÀÙÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº Ãß¿î ³¯¾¾¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºÏ±Ø ½Ä¹°ÀÇ ÀûÀÀ ¹æ¹ýÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â °ÍÀ̹ǷΠadaptationÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (B) wither´Â ¡®½Ãµé´Ù¡¯¶ó´Â ¶æÀÌ°í, prosper´Â ¡®¹ø¼ºÇÏ´Ù¡¯¶ó´Â ¶æÀÌ´Ù. ¹®¸Æ»ó »õ·Î¿î ÀÙÀÌ ÀÚ¶ó³ª¸é ³ì»öÀ¸·Î °Ü¿ïÀ» ³ª´Â ÀÙÀº ½Ãµé°Ô µÈ´Ù´Â ¶æÀÌ µÇ¾î¾ß ÇϹǷΠwither°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (C) limitÀº ¡®Á¦ÇÑÇÏ´Ù¡¯¶ó´Â ¶æÀÌ°í, accustomÀº ¡®Àͼ÷ÄÉ ÇÏ´Ù¡¯¶ó´Â ¶æÀÌ´Ù. ºÏ±Ø»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ºÏÂÊ Áö¿ªÀÇ ½£¿¡ »ç´Â ¸¹Àº ½Ä¹°µµ ±× ÀÙÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ À̾îÁö°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ºÏ±Ø¿¡¸¸ ±¹ÇѵÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â ¶æÀÌ µÇµµ·Ï limited°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) They remain green and can start photosynthesis _as soon as_ the weather is warm enough in spring, before there has been time 46^^_for the new season's leaves_ to expand and start functioning.: as soon as´Â ¡®~ÇÏÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ¡¯¶ó´Â ¶æÀ¸·Î ½Ã°£À» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ºÎ»çÀýÀ» À¯µµÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. for the new season's leaves´Â µÚµû¸£´Â to expand and start functioningÀÇ Àǹ̻óÀÇ Á־ Ç¥ÇöÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * region: Áö¿ª * wintergreen: ³ì»öÀ¸·Î °Ü¿ïÀ» ³ª´Â(»ó·Ï½Ä¹°) * semi-evergreen: ¹Ý»ó·Ï¼ºÀÇ * photosynthesis: ±¤ÇÕ¼º * function: ±â´ÉÇÏ´Ù * take over: ÀÚ¸®¸¦ ³Ñ°Ü¹Þ´Ù, Á¡°ÅÇÏ´Ù * poppy: [½Ä¹°] ¾ç±Íºñ * thrift: [½Ä¹°] ¾Æ¸£¸Þ¸®¾Æ * saxifrage: [½Ä¹°] ¹üÀÇ±Í * chickweed: [½Ä¹°] º°²É * starwort: [½Ä¹°] °³¹ÌÃë, º°²É 11. Çؼ®: À¯±â³ó ½ÄÇ° »ý»êÀÌ ±Þ¼Óµµ·Î Áõ°¡ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¹Àº ¼ÒºñÀÚµéÀº ÀڽŵéÀÌ Áö±¸¸¦ µ½°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç º¸´Ù °Ç°­¿¡ ÁÁÀº À½½ÄÀ» ¸Ô°í ÀÖ´Ù°í È®½ÅÇϸ鼭 À¯±â³ó ½ÄÇ°¿¡ ´ëÇØ ±â²¨ÀÌ ³ôÀº °¡°ÝÀ» ÁöºÒÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ¸î¸î Àü¹®°¡µéÀº À¯±â ³ó¾÷ÀÌ ¸î °¡Áö °áÁ¡À» ¾È°í ÀÖ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. °¡Àå ºó¹øÇÑ ºñÆÇ Áß Çϳª´Â À¯±â ³ó°¡µéÀÇ ÀÛ¹° ¼öÈ®·®ÀÌ ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ ³ó°¡º¸´Ù ÈξÀ ´õ ³·´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº À¯±â³ó °æÀÛÁö°¡ ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ °æÀÛÁöº¸´Ù ÀâÃÊ¿Í ¹ú·¹µé·ÎºÎÅÍ ´õ ¸¹Àº ÇÇÇظ¦ ÀԱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. Àü¹®°¡µéÀÌ ÀÚÁÖ Á¦½ÃÇÏ´Â ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ÁÖÀåÀº À¯±â ³ó¾÷ÀÌ Æ´»õ½ÃÀåÀÇ ºÎÀ¯ÇÑ ¼ÒºñÀڵ鿡°Ô ¸ÔÀ»°Å¸®¸¦ Á¦°øÇØ ÁÙ ¼ö´Â ÀÖÁö¸¸, Àü ¼¼°è ¼ö½Ê¾ïÀÇ ±¾ÁÖ¸®´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ» ¸Ô¿© »ì¸± ¼ö´Â ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ºñ¿ëÀÌ ¸¹ÀÌ µå´Â À¯±â³ó¹ýÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ È­ÇÐÀû ÅõÀÔ¹°ÀÇ ½ÅÁßÇÑ »ç¿ë¸¸ÀÌ ±â¾Æ¿¡ óÇØ ÀÖ´Â ³ª¶óµé¿¡¼­ ½Ä·® »ý»êÀ» Å©°Ô _°¨¼Ò½ÃÅ°´Â/¡æ Áõ´ë½ÃÅ°´Â_ °ÍÀ» µµ¿ï ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ±â¾Æ¿¡ óÇÑ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô´Â À¯±â³ó¹ýÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù´Â ÃëÁöÀÇ ±ÛÀ̹ǷÎ, ¹®¸Æ»ó ¡®ºñ¿ëÀÌ ¸¹ÀÌ µå´Â À¯±â³ó¹ýÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ È­ÇÐÀû ÅõÀÔ¹°ÀÇ ½ÅÁßÇÑ »ç¿ë¸¸ÀÌ ±â¾Æ¿¡ óÇØ ÀÖ´Â ³ª¶óµé¿¡¼­ ½Ä·® »ý»êÀ» Å©°Ô Áõ´ë½ÃÅ°´Â °ÍÀ» µµ¿ï ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.¡¯´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ¨ë reduce¸¦ boost³ª increase µîÀ¸·Î °íÃÄ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (±¸¹®) * Many consumers are willing to pay premium prices for organic foods, _convinced_ that they are helping the earth and eating healthier.: convinced´Â °ú°ÅºÐ»ç ÇüÅ·ΠºÐ»ç±¸¹®À» À¯µµÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÁÖÀýÀÇ ÁÖ¾îÀÎ Many consumers¸¦ Àǹ̻óÀÇ ÁÖ¾î·Î »ï¾Æ ¡®(±×µéÀÌ) ~À» È®½ÅÇϸ鼭¡¯ÀÇ ¶æÀ¸·Î Çؼ®ÇÑ´Ù. * One of the most frequent criticisms is that the crop yields of organic farms are _much_ lower than _those_ of traditional farms.: much´Â ºñ±³±Þ lower¸¦ °­Á¶Çϱâ À§ÇÑ Ç¥ÇöÀ̸ç those´Â ¾Õ¿¡ ³ª¿Â ¸í»ç the crop yields¸¦ °¡¸®Å°´Â Áö½Ã´ë¸í»çÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * by leaps and bounds: ±Þ¼Óµµ·Î * drawback: °áÁ¡ * criticism: ºñÆÇ, ºñ³­ * yield: »êÃâ·®, »ý»ê·® * conventional: ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ * argument: ÁÖÀå, ³íÀï, ¾ðÀï 12. Çؼ®: 1920³â´ë±îÁö´Â °æÁÖ¿ë ¼ö¿µ ¿µ¹ý¿¡´Â ÀÚÀ¯Çü, ¹è¿µ, ±×¸®°í Æò¿µ ÀÌ ¼¼ °¡Áö ¹Û¿¡ ¾ø¾ú°í, °¢ ¿µ¹ý¿¡´Â ±×°ÍÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô ÇàÇØÁ®¾ß Çϴ°¡¸¦ ¼³¸íÇÏ´Â ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀÎ ±ÔÄ¢µéÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. Æò¿µÀÇ ±ÔÄ¢Àº µÎ ÆÈÀÌ ¹° ¹Ø¿¡¼­ ÇÔ²² ´ç°ÜÁ®¾ß ÇÏ°í, ±×·± ´ÙÀ½ µ¿½Ã¿¡ ´ÙÀ½¹ø ÆÈ Á£±â¸¦ ½ÃÀÛÇϱâ À§Çؼ­ ´ç±â´Â ÀÚ¼¼ÀÇ Ãâ¹ß·Î µ¹¾Æ¿Í¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í Áø¼úÇß´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀº ÀÌ·± ÆÈÀÇ º¹±Í¸¦ ¹° ¹Ø º¹±Í¸¦ ¶æÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ÀÌÇØÇß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª 1920³â´ë ´©±º°¡°¡ ±× ±ÔÄ¢¿¡ µµÀüÇÏ¿© ÀÌ·± ÆÈÀÇ º¹±Í¸¦ ¹° ¹Û º¹±Í¸¦ ¶æÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ÀçÇؼ®Çß´Ù. 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(B) ¡®½Ç¿ë¼ºÀÌ ¶³¾îÁö´Â¡¯ Èò»ö ½ºÄ«ÇÁ°¡ ±×°ÍÀ» ¼ÒÀ¯ÇÑ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ÇѶ§ ¿ì¾ÆÇÔÀÇ ±â´ë¿´´Ù´Â Àǹ̰¡ µÇ¾î¾ß ÇϹǷÎ, impractical (ºñ½Ç¿ëÀûÀÎ, ºñÇö½ÇÀûÀÎ)ÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. brand-new´Â ¡®¾ÆÁÖ »õ·Î¿î, ½ÅÇ°ÀÇ¡¯¶ó´Â ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. (C) Âõ¾îÁø Ƽ¼ÅÃ÷°¡ ÇѶ§ ±× À§¿¡ ¾²¿©Áø ·Ï¹êµå À̸§ÀÌ Èñ¹ÌÇØÁø ÈÄ¿¡µµ °É·¹Åë¿¡¼­ ¡®²¨³»¾îÁú ¼ö¡¯ ÀÖ´Ù´Â Àǹ̰¡ µÇ¾î¾ß ÇϹǷΠrescued°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. rescue´Â ¡®±¸ÇÏ´Ù, ŻȯÇÏ´Ù¡¯, forgetÀº ¡®¸Á°¢ÇÏ´Ù, ¼ÒȦÈ÷ ÇÏ´Ù¡¯¶ó´Â ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. (±¸¹®) A worn-thin dress may hang in the back of a closet _even though_ it hasn't been worn in years because the faint scent of pine _that_ lingers on it is all _that_ remains of someone's sixteenth summer.: even though´Â ¡®ºñ·Ï ~ÀÏÁö¶óµµ¡¯¶ó´Â ¾çº¸ÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ °®´Â Á¢¼Ó»ç±¸ÀÌ´Ù. because ÀÌÇÏÀÇ Àý¿¡ »ç¿ëµÈ µÎ °³ÀÇ thatÀº ¸ðµÎ ÁÖ°Ý °ü°è´ë¸í»ç·Î °¢°¢ ¾Õ¿¡ ³ª¿Â ¼±Çà»ç the faint scent of pine°ú allÀ» ¼±Çà»ç·Î ÃëÇÑ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * materialistic: ¹°Áú Áß½ÉÀûÀÎ * attachment: ¾ÖÂø, ÁýÂø * promise: ±â´ë, ¾à¼Ó * document: ~·Î Áõ¸íÇÏ´Ù, (»ó¼¼È÷) º¸µµÇÏ´Ù * chart: (µµÇ¥·Î) ³ªÅ¸³»´Ù 14. 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(¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * secondhand: Áß°íÀÇ * motivator: µ¿±â¸¦ ºÒ·¯ÀÏÀ¸Å°´Â ¿äÀÎ * platform: (Àåºñ µîÀ» ¿Ã·Á³õ°Å³ª Çϱâ À§ÇÑ) ´ë * distribution: ºÐ¹è * monetary: È­ÆóÀÇ * shortsighted: ±Ù½Ã¾ÈÀûÀÎ * incentive: (¾î¶² ÇൿÀ» Àå·ÁÇϱâ À§ÇÑ) ¿ì´ëÃ¥ * reputation: ¸í¼º * measurable: ÃøÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â * self-interest: »ç¸®»ç¿å * bin: ¾²·¹±âÅë, Åë 15. Çؼ®: »îÀº À§ÇèÀ¸·Î °¡µæ Â÷ ÀÖ´Ù. Áúº´°ú Àû, ±¾ÁÖ¸²Àº Ç×»ó ¿ø½ÃÀεéÀ» À§ÇùÇÑ 125ÂÊ ´Ù. °æÇèÀº ±×¿¡°Ô ¾àÃÊ, ¿ë±â, °Ý·ÄÇÑ ³ëµ¿ÀÌ Á¾Á¾ ¾Æ¹«·± °á°ú¸¦ °¡Á®¿ÀÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» °¡¸£Ä¡Áö¸¸, º¸Åë ±×´Â »ì¾Æ³²¾Æ¼­ »îÀÇ ÁÁÀº °ÍµéÀ» Áñ±â°í ½Í¾î ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·± ¹®Á¦¿Í ¸Â´Ú¶ß·ÈÀ» ¶§ ±×´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¸ñÀû¿¡ ÀûÇÕÇØ º¸ÀÌ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ̶ó¸é ¹«¾ùÀ̵ç Àü³äÇÑ´Ù. Á¾Á¾ ±×ÀÇ ¹æ¹ýÀÌ, ºñ½ÁÇÑ ºñ»ó»çÅ¿¡ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÀÌ¿ôÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô ÇൿÇϴ°¡¸¦ ±â¾ïÇϱâ Àü±îÁö´Â, ¿ì¸® Çö´ëÀε鿡°Ô´Â ¹ÏÀ» ¼ö ¾øÀ» ¸¸Å­ Á¶¾ÇÇØ º¸À̱⵵ ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÇÇÐÀÌ ±×¿¡°Ô _Ä¡À¯ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù°í/¡æ Ä¡À¯ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù°í_ ¼±°íÇÒ ¶§ ±×´Â ¿î¸íÀ» °¨¼öÇÏ¸ç µû¸£Áö ¾Ê°í, ȸº¹ÀÇ Èñ¸ÁÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â ±Ùó µ¹ÆÈÀÌ Àǻ翡°Ô ´Þ·Á°£´Ù. Àڱ⠺¸Àü¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×ÀÇ ¿­¸ÁÀº ¼ö±×·¯µéÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ¼¼°èÀÇ ±³À° ¹ÞÁö ¸øÇÑ ¹ÎÁ·µéÀÇ ¿­¸Áµµ ¸¶Âù°¡ÁöÀÌ´Ù. ÃÊÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀÎ Èû¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹ÏÀ½Àº »ì°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â °­·ÄÇÑ ÀÇÁö¿¡ ÀÚ¸® Àâ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ´Â °ú°Å¿¡µµ ÇöÀç¿¡µµ, ¾Ë·ÁÁø ¹ÎÁ·µé »çÀÌ¿¡ Àý´ëÀûÀ¸·Î º¸ÆíÀûÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) Çö´ëÀεéÀÌ ¿î¸íÀ» µû¸£Áö ¾Ê°í, µ¹ÆÈÀÌ Àǻ翡°Ô ´Þ·Á°¡´Â ¶§´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ Ä¡À¯ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÑ »óŶó°í ¼±°í¹ÞÀ» ¶§ÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ¨ê curableÀ» incurable·Î °íÃÄ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (±¸¹®) ¡¦ in that overpowering will to live is _anchored_ the belief in supernaturalism, _which_ is absolutely universal among known peoples, past and present: ÁÖ¾î´Â the belief in supernaturalismÀ̸ç, µ¿»ç µÚ¿¡ µµÄ¡µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. º¸¾îÀÎ in that ¡¦ live°¡ is ¾Õ¿¡ ¾²¿© ÀÖ´Ù. which´Â the belief in supernaturalismÀ» °¡¸®Å²´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * hazard: À§Çè * starvation: ±â¾Æ, ±¾ÁÖ¸² * menace: À§ÇùÇÏ´Ù * medicinal herb: ¾àÃÊ * valor: ¿ë±â, ¿ë¸Í * naught: ¹« * crude: Á¶¾ÇÇÑ, Á¶¾ßÇÑ, À¯Ä¡ÇÑ * pronounce: ¼±¾ðÇÏ´Ù, ¼±°íÇÏ´Ù, ¹ßÀ½ÇÏ´Ù * hold out: (°¡´É¼º¡¤Èñ¸ÁÀ») º¸ÀÌ´Ù * urge: ¿­¸Á, Ã浿 * self-preservation: Àڱ⠺¸Àü * overpower: Á¦¾ÐÇÏ´Ù * anchor: Á¤Âø½ÃÅ°´Ù, ÀÚ¸® Àâ´Ù * supernaturalism: ½ÅÅë·Â, ÃÊÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀÎ Èû 16. Çؼ®: 1870³â´ë¿¡ ±× ´ç½ÃÀÇ Å¸ÀÚ±âÀÇ ¼±µµ±â¾÷ÀÎ Sholes & Co.´Â »ç¿ëÀÚµé·ÎºÎÅÍ Å¸ÀÚ¸¦ Ä¡´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ ³Ê¹« »¡¸® Ä¡¸é ŸÀÚ±âÀÇ Å°°¡ ¼­·Î ¾ûŲ´Ù´Â _ºÒÆò_À» ¸¹ÀÌ ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ±×¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹ÝÀÀÀ¸·Î °æ¿µÁø¿¡¼­´Â ¿£Áö´Ï¾îµé¿¡°Ô ÀÌ·± ÀÏÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÏÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» °­±¸Ç϶ó°í Çß´Ù. ¿£Áö´Ï¾îµéÀº ±× ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÅäÀÇÇß°í, ±×µé Áß ÇÑ ¸íÀÌ ¡°Å¸ÀÚ¸¦ Ä¡´Â »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¼Óµµ¸¦ _´ÊÃß°Ô_ ÇÏ¸é ¾î¶²°¡¿ä? ±×·¸°Ô Çϸé Å°µéÀÌ ±×·¸°Ô ¸¹ÀÌ ¼­·Î ¾ûÅ°Áö ¾ÊÀ» °Ì´Ï´Ù.¡±¶ó°í ¸»Çß´Ù. ±× °á°ú´Â Å°º¸µå¸¦ ºñÈ¿À²ÀûÀ¸·Î ¹èÄ¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, O¿Í I¶ó´Â ±ÛÀÚ´Â ¿µ¾î¿¡¼­ ¼¼ ¹ø°¿Í ¿©¼¸ ¹ø°·Î °¡Àå ºó¹øÈ÷ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ±ÛÀÚÀε¥, ¿£Áö´Ï¾îµéÀº »ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Î ´õ ¾àÇÑ ¼Õ°¡¶ôµéÀÌ ±× ±ÛÀÚµéÀ» ´­·¯¾ß¸¸ Çϵµ·Ï ±× ±ÛÀÚµéÀ» Å°º¸µå¿¡ ¹èÄ¡Çß´Ù. ÀÌ·± ¡®ºñÈ¿À²ÀûÀÎ ³í¸®¡¯°¡ Å°º¸µå¿¡ ³Î¸® Àû¿ëµÇ¾î, Å°º¸µå°¡ ¾ûÅ°´Â ¹®Á¦¸¦ _ÇØ°áÇß´Ù_. (Çؼ³) (A) ¡®Å¸ÀÚ±âÀÇ Å°°¡ ¼­·Î ¾ûŲ´Ù¡¯´Â °ÍÀº ºÒÆò »çÇ×À̹ǷΠcomplaints(ºÒÆò)°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. compliment´Â ¡®Âù»ç, ĪÂùÀÇ ¸»¡¯ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. (B) ¡®Å¸ÀÚ¸¦ Ä¡´Â »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¼Óµµ¸¦ ´ÊÃß°Ô ÇÏ¸é ¾î¶²°¡¿ä?¡¯ÀÇ Àǹ̷Î, slow down(´ÊÃß´Ù)ÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. turn downÀº ¡®°ÅÀýÇÏ´Ù¡¯ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. (C) ÀÌ·± ¡®ºñÈ¿À²ÀûÀÎ ³í¸®¡¯°¡ Å°º¸µå¿¡ ³Î¸® Àû¿ëµÇ¾î Å°º¸µå°¡ ¾ûÅ°´Â ¹®Á¦¸¦ ¡®ÇØ°áÇß´Ù¡¯ÀÇ Àǹ̷Î, solved°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. trigger´Â ¡®À¯¹ßÇÏ´Ù¡¯ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. (±¸¹®) ¡¦ yet the engineers positioned them on the keyboard _so that_ the relatively weaker fingers had to depress them.: 'so that ~'Àº ¡®~Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿©, ~ÀÌ µÇµµ·Ï¡¯ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀÎ ¸ñÀûÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * stick together: µü µé¾îºÙ´Ù, Çѵ¥ ¹¶Ä¡´Ù * in response: (¡¦¿¡) ÀÀÇÏ¿© * figure out: »ý°¢ÇØ ³»´Ù * slow down: ´ÊÃß´Ù * jam: (±â°è¿¡ ¹«¾ùÀÌ ³¢¾î) ¿òÁ÷ÀÌÁö ¾Ê°Ô µÇ´Ù * inefficient: ºñÈ¿À²ÀûÀÎ * configuration: ¹èÄ¡ * position: ¹èÄ¡ÇÏ´Ù * relatively: »ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Î * depress: ³»¸®´©¸£´Ù * pervade: ~¿¡ ³Î¸® ÆÛÁö´Ù * jam-up: È¥Àâ, Á¤Ã¼; ¾ûÅ´ 17. Çؼ®: įº¸µð¾ÆÀÇ Àü¼³¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé, »çÀÚµéÀÌ ÇѶ§ ¸¶À» »ç¶÷µé°ú ±ÍÁßÇÑ ¹°¼ÒµéÀ» °ø°ÝÇϸ鼭 ½Ã°ñÀ» µ¹¾Æ´Ù³æ°í, 9¼¼±â¿¡ °Å´ëÇÑ Å©¸Þ¸£ Á¦±¹ÀÌ ½ÃÀ۵DZâ ÈξÀ ÀÌÀü¿¡ ³óºÎµéÀº ¾àÅ»ÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇ×ÇÏ¿© ½º½º·Î¸¦ ¹æ¾îÇϱâ À§ÇØ °Ý·ÄÇÑ ¹«¼úÀ» °³¹ßÇß´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±â¼úÀº bokator°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¡®»çÀÚ¿Í ½Î¿î´Ù¡¯´Â ¶æÀ» ÀǹÌÇÏ´Â bokator´Â ¾ÓÄÚ¸£¿ÍÆ®ÀÇ º®¿¡ ±×·ÁÁø ¹«¼úÀÌ´Ù. ¿ø¼þÀÌ, ÄÚ³¢¸® ½ÉÁö¾î´Â ¿À¸® °°Àº µ¿¹°µéÀ» Èä³» ³»¸é¼­ ¼÷´ÞÇÒ 10,000°¡ÁöÀÇ µ¿ÀÛÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. 12¼¼±â¿¡ įº¸µð¾Æ¸¦ ÅëÇÕÇÑ Àü»ç Ãâ½Å ¿Õ Jayavarman 7¼¼´Â ±×ÀÇ ±º´ë°¡ bokator·Î ÈÆ·ÃÇϵµ·Ï Çؼ­ ±× ±º´ë¸¦ ¹«½Ã¹«½ÃÇÑ ÀüÅõ ºÎ´ë·Î ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. įº¸µð¾Æ¿¡¼­ ±× ¹«¼úÀÇ ¿À·¡ ÀüÅë¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í, 1975³â¿¡ Å©¸Þ¸£ ·çÁî°¡ ±Ç·ÂÀ» Àâ°í¼­ ÇâÈÄ 4³â¿¡ °ÉÃÄ ±× ¼ö·Ã¹ýÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¼÷·ÃÀÚµéÀ» óÇüÇßÀ» ¶§ bokator´Â _¹øâÇß´Ù/¡æ ¼Ò¸êÇß´Ù_. (Çؼ³) Å©¸Þ¸£ ·çÁî°¡ ±Ç·ÂÀ» Àâ°í¼­ ÇâÈÄ 4³â¿¡ °ÉÃÄ ±× ¼ö·Ã¹ý ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¼÷·ÃÀÚµéÀ» óÇüÇؼ­ bokator°¡ ¼Ò¸êÇßÀ» °ÍÀ̹ǷÎ, ¨ë flourished¸¦ disappeared·Î °íÃÄ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (±¸¹®) Meaning ¡®to fight a lion,¡¯ bokator is a martial art 46^^_depicted on the walls of Angkor Wat._: 126ÂÊ depicted ¡¦ Angkor Wat´Â ¸í»ç a martial art¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â ºÐ»ç±¸ÀÌ´Ù. a martial art´Â depict(±×¸®´Ù)ÀÇ ´ë»óÀ̹ǷΠ¼öµ¿ ÀǹÌÀÇ °ú°ÅºÐ»ç depicted°¡ »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * roam: ¹æ¶û(¹èȸ)ÇÏ´Ù * fierce: °Ý·ÄÇÑ * martial art: ¹«¼ú * predator: ¾àÅ»ÀÚ, À°½Ä µ¿¹° * depict: ±×¸®´Ù * mimic: Èä³» ³»´Ù * fearsome: ¹«½Ã¹«½ÃÇÑ * flourish: ¹ø¿µ(¹ø¼º)ÇÏ´Ù * take power: ±Ç·ÂÀ» Àâ´Ù * execute: óÇüÇÏ´Ù * discipline: ´Ü·Ã¹ý, ¼ö·Ã¹ý 18. Çؼ®: ¿ì¸®°¡ ´ëü·Î ¹Ï°í ÀÖ´Â °Í°ú´Â ¹Ý´ë·Î, »îÀÇ ÃÖ°íÀÇ ¼ø°£µéÀº ¼öµ¿ÀûÀÌ°í, ¼ö¿ëÀûÀ̸ç, ±äÀåÀ» Ç®°í ÀÖ´Â ½Ã°£µéÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ¹°·Ð ±×·¯ÇÑ °ÍµéÀ» _¾ò±â_ À§Çؼ­ ¿ì¸®°¡ ¿­½ÉÈ÷ ³ë·ÂÇß´Ù¸é ±×·¯ÇÑ °æÇèµéµµ Áñ±æ ¼öµµ ÀÖ±ä ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¸»ÀÌ´Ù. ÃÖ°íÀÇ ¼ø°£µéÀº ¾î·Æ°í °¡Ä¡ ÀÖ´Â ¾î¶² °ÍÀ» ¼ºÃëÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ÀÚ¹ßÀûÀÎ ³ë·Â ¼Ó¿¡¼­ ÇÑ °³ÀÎÀÇ ½Åü³ª Á¤½ÅÀÌ ±× ÇÑ°èÁ¡¿¡ À̸£°Ô µÉ ¶§¿¡ ÁÖ·Î »ý°Ü³­´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ _ÃÖÀûÀÇ_ °æÇèÀº ¿ì¸®°¡ Á÷Á¢ ¹ß»ýÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µå´Â ¾î¶² °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¾î¸° ¾ÆÀÌ¿¡°Ô À־ ±×°ÍÀº ¶³¸®´Â ¼Õ°¡¶ôÀ¸·Î ±×³à°¡ Áö±Ý²¯ ¸¸µé¾ú´ø ±× ¾î´À °Íº¸´Ù ´õ ³ôÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¸¸µç ž À§¿¡ ¸¶Áö¸· ºí·ÏÀ» ³õ´Â °ÍÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, ´Ü°Å¸®¼±¼ö¿¡°Ô´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ±â·ÏÀ» ±ú·Á°í ¾Ö¾²´Â °ÍÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¹ÙÀ̿ø° ¿¬ÁÖÀÚ¿¡°Ô À־´Â _º¹ÀâÇÑ_ ¾ÇÀýÀ» ¿Ïº®ÇÏ°Ô ¼÷´ÞÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. °¢ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô À־ ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ¹ßÀü½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¼öõ °¡ÁöÀÇ ±âȸ¿Í µµÀüÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. (Çؼ³) (A) ¿­½ÉÈ÷ ³ë·ÂÇÏ¿© ¡®¾òÀº(attain)¡¯ °ÍÀ» Áñ±ä´Ù°í ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀÚ¿¬½º·´´Ù. avoid´Â ¡®ÇÇÇÏ´Ù¡¯´Â ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. (B) ÀλýÀÇ ÃÖ°íÀÇ ¼ø°£µéÀº ÀÚ¹ßÀûÀ¸·Î ³ë·ÂÇÏ¿© °³ÀÎÀÇ ÇÑ°èÁ¡¿¡ À̸£·¶À» ¶§ »ý°Ü³­´Ù°í ÇßÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¡®optimal(ÃÖÀûÀÇ)¡¯ÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. minimalÀº ¡®ÃÖ¼ÒÀÇ¡¯¶ó´Â ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. (C) ¹ÙÀ̿ø° ¿¬ÁÖÀÚ°¡ ½º½º·Î ¾î·Á¿î ¸ñÇ¥¿¡ ´Þ¼ºÇϱâ À§ÇØ µµÀüÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̹ǷÎ, ¡®intricate(º¹ÀâÇÑ)¡¯°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. uncomplicated´Â ¡®º¹ÀâÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº¡¯À̶ó´Â ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. (±¸¹®) Contrary to 46^^_what we usually believe_, the best moments in our lives are not the passive, receptive, relaxing times ~.: °ü°è´ë¸í»ç whatÀÌ À̲ô´Â ¸í»çÀýÀÌ ÀüÄ¡»ç toÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. Contrary to what we usually believe´Â ¡®¿ì¸®°¡ ´ëü·Î ¹Ï°í ÀÖ´Â °Í°ú´Â ¹Ý´ë·Î¡¯ÀÇ ¶æÀ¸·Î Çؼ®ÇÑ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * contrary to: ~¿Í´Â ¹Ý´ë·Î * receptive: ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌ´Â * attain: ´Þ¼ºÇÏ´Ù * voluntary: ÀÚ¹ßÀûÀÎ * sprinter: ´Ü°Å¸® ¼±¼ö * intricate: µÚ¾ôÈù, º¹ÀâÇÑ * passage: ¾ÇÀý * expand: ³ÐÈ÷´Ù, È®Àå½ÃÅ°´Ù 19. Çؼ®: ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¿©ÇàÀ̳ª ÈÞ°¡ Áß¿¡ ¾Æ´Ï¸é »îÀÇ Áß¿äÇÑ ÃàÇϸ¦ ÇÒ ¶§ ¹Ì·¡¸¦ À§ÇØ ±× °æÇèÀ» º¸Á¸ÇØ µÎ·Á°í ¼ö¸¹Àº »çÁøÀ» Âï´Â´Ù. ±×·¯³ª »çÁø»çÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀÌ Çö ¼ø°£ÀÇ Áñ°Å¿òÀ» ½ÇÁ¦·Î ¼Õ»ó½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ³ª´Â ù ¾ÆÀÌÀÌÀÚ ¿Üµ¿¾ÆÀÌÀÇ Åº»ý »çÁøÀ» Âï´Â µ¥ ÁøÁöÇÏ°Ô ¸ôµÎÇß´ø ÇÑ ¾Æ¹öÁö¸¦ ¾È´Ù. »çÁøµéÀº ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿üÁö¸¸ Àڱ⠾ƵéÀÇ »î¿¡¼­ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ Ã¹ ¹ø° ¼ø°£À» ³õÃÆ´Ù´Â »ý°¢ÀÌ µé¾ú´Ù°í ³ªÁß¿¡ ±×´Â ź½ÄÇß´Ù. Ä«¸Þ¶ó ·»Á ÅëÇØ ¹Ù¶óº¸´Â °ÍÀº ±×¸¦ ÇöÀå¿¡¼­ ºÐ¸®µÇµµ·Ï ¸¸µé¾î ¹ö·È´Ù. ±×´Â üÇèÀÚ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ´ÜÁö °üÂûÀÚ¿´´Ù. »ç¹°À» Áø½ÉÀ¸·Î ¹Ù¶óº¸°í ¾Æ¸§´ä°í ÀǹÌÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÅëÇØ ÇöÀç °Þ°í ÀÖ´Â °æÇèÀ» _¹«½ÃÇÏ´Â/¡æ °í¾ç½ÃÅ°´Â_ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î Ä«¸Þ¶ó¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ½º½º·Î °¡¸£ÃĶó. (Çؼ³) ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀλýÀ» »ì¾Æ°¡¸é¼­ Áß¿äÇÑ ¼ø°£À» ±â³äÇϱâ À§ÇØ »çÁøÀ» ÂïÁö¸¸, »çÁøÀ» Âï´Ù º¸¸é ±× ¼ø°£¿¡ ´À³¥ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ½ÇÁ¦ °æÇè¿¡¼­ µ¿¶³¾îÁú ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ÇöÀç °Þ°í ÀÖ´Â °æÇèÀ» °í¾ç½ÃÅ°´Â ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î Ä«¸Þ¶ó¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ½º½º·Î °¡¸£Ä¡¶ó´Â ³»¿ëÀÇ ±ÛÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ¨ë neglects¸¦ enhances·Î °íÃÄ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (±¸¹®) Many people take numerous photos _while(they are) traveling_ or on vacation or during significant life celebrations _to preserve_ the experience for the future.: while travelingÀº ½Ã°£ÀÇ ºÎ»çÀý while they are traveling¿¡¼­ '´ë¸í»ç Á־beµ¿»ç'ÀÎ they are°¡ »ý·«µÈ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. to preserve´Â¡®~ÇÏ·Á°í¡¯¶ó´Â ¸ñÀûÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ºÎ»çÀû ¿ë¹ýÀÇ toºÎÁ¤»çÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * celebration: ÃàÇÏ, ±â³ä * preserve: º¸Á¸ÇÏ´Ù * detract from: ~À» ¼Õ»ó½ÃÅ°´Ù * lament: ½½ÆÛÇÏ´Ù * detached: ¶³¾îÁø, ºÐ¸®µÈ * neglect: ¼ÒȦÈ÷ ÇÏ´Ù, ¹«½ÃÇÏ´Ù * ongoing: ÁøÇàÇÏ´Â 20. Çؼ®: À½½ÄÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÏ´Â µ¥ À־ ÀþÀº »ç¶÷µéÀº ƯÈ÷ ¶Ç·¡ÀÇ ¿µÇâ¿¡ _Ãë¾àÇÏ´Ù_. ½Ê´ëÀÇ ¼Ò³à´Â »óÃß »ø·¯µå°¡ ±×³àÀÇ Ä£±¸µéÀÌ ¸Ô´Â °ÍÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡ ³ªÁß¿¡ ¹è°¡ °íÇÃÁö¶óµµ Á¡½ÉÀ¸·Î »óÃß »ø·¯µå¸¸ ¸ÔÀ»Áöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù. ·¹½½¸µ ÆÀ¿¡ µé¾î°¡°í ½Í¾î Çϴ ȣ¸®È£¸®ÇÑ ¼Ò³âÀº ÀÚ±â Çб³ÀÇ ·¹½½¸µ ¼±¼öµéó·³ ¡®¸öÁýÀ» ºÒ¸®±â¡¯ À§ÇØ ´Ã ÀÚ±â Á¢½Ã¸¦ ź¼öÈ­¹°°ú ´Ü¹éÁúÀÌ _¸¹Àº_ À½½ÄÀ¸·Î °¡µæ ä¿ïÁö ¸ð¸¥´Ù. °úüÁßÀÇ ½Ê´ë´Â ÁÖº¯¿¡ Ä£±¸µéÀÌ ÀÖÀ» ¶§´Â _Àû´çÈ÷_ ¸ÔÀ»Áö ¸ð¸£Áö¸¸, È¥ÀÚ ÀÖ°Ô µÇ¸é ¸¹Àº ¾çÀ» °Ô°É½º·´°Ô ¸Ô°Ô µÈ´Ù. À½½Ä°ú °ü·ÃµÈ ¾Ð¹ÚÀÌ ÀǵµÀûÀ¸·Î ºÎ°úµÈ °ÍÀ̵ç ȤÀº ±×·¸Áö ¾Êµç ¶Ç·¡µé·ÎºÎÅÍ ±×·¯ÇÑ ¾Ð¹Ú¿¡¼­ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿î ÀþÀº »ç¶÷µéÀº °ÅÀÇ ¾ø´Ù. (Çؼ³) (A) vulnerableÀº ¡®Ãë¾àÇÑ¡¯À̶ó´Â ¶æÀÌ°í, immuneÀº ¡®¸é¿ª¼ºÀÇ¡¯¶ó´Â ¶æÀε¥, ¹®¸Æ»ó ¶Ç·¡ÀÇ ¿µÇâ¿¡ ¡®Ãë¾àÇÑ¡¯À̶ó´Â ÀǹÌÀÌ 127ÂÊ ¹Ç·Î vulnerableÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (B) dense´Â ¡®¹ÐÁýÇÑ, ¹Ðµµ°¡ ³ôÀº¡¯À̶ó´Â ¶æÀÌ°í, deficient´Â ¡®¸ðÀÚ¶ó´Â, ºÒÃæºÐÇÑ¡¯À̶ó´Â ¶æÀε¥, ¹®¸Æ»ó ź¼öÈ­¹°°ú ´Ü¹éÁúÀÌ ¡®¸¹Àº¡¯ À½½ÄÀ̶ó´Â ÀǹÌÀ̹ǷΠdense°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (C) greedily´Â ¡®°Ô°É½º·¹, ¿å½É³»¾î¡¯¶ó´Â ¶æÀÌ°í, moderately´Â ¡®Àû´çÈ÷¡¯¶ó´Â ¶æÀε¥, ¹®¸Æ»ó Ä£±¸µéÀÌ ÀÖÀ» ¶§´Â ¡®Àû´çÈ÷¡¯ ¸Ô´Â´Ù´Â ÀǹÌÀ̹ǷΠmoderately°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) A slim boy _who_ hopes to make the wrestling team _may_ routinely _overload_ his plate with foods that are dense in carbohydrates and proteins _to ¡®bulk up¡¯_ like the wrestlers of his school.: who ¡¦ teamÀº A slim boy¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â °ü°èÀýÀÌ´Ù. may overload´Â ÁÖÀýÀÇ µ¿»çÀÌ´Ù. to ¡®bulk up¡¯ ~Àº ¸ñÀûÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â toºÎÁ¤»ç±¸ÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * when it comes to ~: ~¿¡ °üÇÑ ÇÑ * peer: µ¿·á, µ¿µî(´ëµî)ÇÑ »ç¶÷ * lettuce: »óÃß * overload: ÁüÀ» ³Ê¹« ¸¹ÀÌ ½Æ´Ù * protein: ´Ü¹éÁú * bulk up: Ä¿Áö´Ù, Å©°Ô ÇÏ´Ù * devour: °Ô°É½º·´°Ô ¸Ô´Ù 21. Çؼ®: »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¶È°°Àº ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ¿ôÁö¸¸, ±×µéÀÌ ¹Ýµå½Ã ¶È°°Àº °Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¿ô´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï¶ó°í À̾߱âµÈ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ´ÜÀÏ °øµ¿Ã¼¿¡ Àû¿ëµÈ´Ù¸é, ±×°ÍÀº ´Ù¾çÇÑ »çȸ¿¡¼­ »ç´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô´Â ÈξÀ ´õ ¸¹ÀÌ Àû¿ëµÈ´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Àç¹ÌÀÖ´Ù°í ´À³¢´Â ÁÖÁ¦¿Í ³ó´ãÀ» Çϱ⿡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù°í ¿©±â´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ¹®È­¸¶´Ù ¸Å¿ì ´Ù¾çÇÒ ¼ö Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ¹Ùº¸ °°¾Æ º¸ÀÌ´Â Çൿ°ú °ü·ÃµÈ ¾î¶² ½ºÅ¸ÀÏÀÇ À¯¸Ó´Â ¾î´À °÷¿¡¼­µçÁö ¿ôÀ½À» ÀھƳ»´Â °ÍÀÌ º¸ÀåµÈ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª °øÀ¯µÇ´Â °¡Á¤¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÇÁ¸ ¶§¹®¿¡ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ³ó´ãÀº ¸Å¿ì _Àß/¡æ ÇüÆí¾øÀÌ_ ÀüÇØÁø´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ƯÈ÷ ¾ð¾îÀÇ À¯Èñ°¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ ³ó´ãÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡¼­ ´«¿¡ ¶è´Ù. ±×·¯ÇÑ ³ó´ãÀº ¾î·Á¿îµ¥, »ç½Ç ¾î¶² °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ´Ù¸¥ ¾ð¾î·Î ¹ø¿ªÇϱⰡ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯ ¶§¹®¿¡ ¿Ü±¹Àο¡°Ô ³ó´ãÀ» ¸»ÇÏ·Á´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ½Ãµµ°¡ ¾ÆÁÖ Á¾Á¾ ¸ÛÇÑ ½Ã¼±°ú ºÎµúÄ¡°Ô µÈ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¾î¶² ¹®È­¿¡¼­¸¸ °øÀ¯µÇ´Â °¡Á¤¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÇÁ¸ ¶§¹®¿¡ ±× ¹®È­¿¡¼­´Â Åë¿ëµÇ´Â ³ó´ãÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ ¹®È­¿¡ ¼ÓÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô´Â ±× ³ó´ãÀÌ ¸Å¿ì Àß ÀüÇØÁö´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¸Å¿ì ÇüÆí¾øÀÌ ÀüÇØÁø´Ù°í ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¿Ç´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ¨è wellÀ» badly·Î °íÃÄ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (±¸¹®) ¡¦ because _the topics_ that people find amusing, and _the occasions_ that are regarded as appropriate for joking, _can vary_ enormously from one society to the next: ÁÖ¾î´Â the topics¿Í the occasionsÀÌ°í, µ¿»ç´Â can varyÀÌ´Ù. that ¡¦ amusingÀº the topics¸¦, that ¡¦ jokingÀº the occasions¸¦ °¢°¢ ¼ö½ÄÇÑ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * amusing: Àç¹ÌÀÖ´Â * occasion: (ƯÁ¤ÇÑ) °æ¿ì, ¶§ * reliance: ÀÇÁö * assumption: °¡Á¤ * noticeable: ´«¿¡ ¶ç´Â * play on words: ¸»Àå³­, ¾ð¾îÀ¯Èñ * virtually: »ç½Ç»ó * translate: ¹ø¿ªÇÏ´Ù * blank stare: ¸ÛÇÑ ÀÀ½Ã, ÀǾÆÇÑ ´«Ãʸ® 22. Çؼ®: ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ ¹Ì±¹ÀεéÀÇ °üÁ¡Àº ´ãÀåÀÌ ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ Ç³°æ¿¡ ¾î¿ï¸®Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ÀÌ·± »ý°¢Àº dz°æ¿¡ °üÇÑ 19¼¼±â ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ±Û¿¡ ¹Ýº¹ÀûÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. ÀúÀڵ鸶´Ù ¡°±úÁø À¯¸®º´ÀÌ À§¿¡ µ¤ÀÎ, ¸ð¿åÀûÀ¸·Î ºÒÄ£ÀýÇÑ ¿µ±¹ÀεéÀÇ º®µ¹´ã¡±À» Ȥµ¶ÇÏ°Ô ºñ³­Çß´Ù. ¹Ì±¹ ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ±³¿Ü Áö¿ªÀÇ ¸ð½À¿¡ Å« ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÖ¾ú´ø ÃʱâÀÇ Á¶°æ ¼³°è°¡ÀÎ Frank J. Scott´Â dz°æ¿¡¼­ ´ãÀåÀ» ¾ø¾Ö±â À§ÇØ ²÷ÀÓ¾øÀÌ ³ë·ÂÇß´Ù. 1870³â¿¡ ±ÛÀ» ¾²¸é¼­, ±×´Â ÀÚ¿¬ÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿î ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿òÀ» ¹Ù¶óº¸´Â ¿ì¸® ÀÌ¿ôÀÇ ½Ã¾ß¸¦ Á¼È÷´Â °ÍÀº _ÀÌŸÀû/¡æ À̱âÀû_ÀÌ°í ºñ¹ÎÁÖÀûÀ̶ó°í ÁÖÀåÇß´Ù. ¿À´Ã³¯ ¸ðµç Àܵð¹çÀÌ °³¹æ°ú ȯ¿µÀÇ ¸öÁþÀ¸·Î µµ·Î±îÁö ¸Â´ê¾Æ ÀÖ´Â ¹Ì±¹ ±³¿Ü Áö¿ª ¾îµð·Îµç ½ÇÁ¦·Î Â÷¸¦ ¸ô°í Áö³ª°¡´Ù º¸¸é, ±×·± »ý°¢µéÀÌ ¾ó¸¶³ª ¿ÏÀüÇÏ°Ô ½Â¸®Çß´ÂÁö ¾Ë°Ô µÈ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­´Â ´ãÀåÀÌ ºñ³­ ¹Þ°í ¾î¿ï¸®Áö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¿©°ÜÁø´Ù´Â ¹®¸ÆÀ» °í·ÁÇÏ¸é ´ãÀåÀ» ½×¾Æ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ½Ã¾ß¸¦ Á¼È÷´Â ÇàÀ§´Â ¡®À̱âÀûÀΡ¯ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ¨ê unselfish¸¦ selfish·Î °íÃÄ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (±¸¹®) _To drive through_ virtually any American suburb today, _where_ every lawn steps right up to the street in a gesture of openness and welcoming, _is to see_ how completely such views have triumphed.: To drive through ~´Â ÁÖ¾î·Î »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú°í, µ¿»ç is µÚÀÇ to see ¡¦ triumphed´Â º¸¾î·Î »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. °ü°èºÎ»ç whereÀÇ ¼±Çà»ç´Â any American suburb todayÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * out of place: ¾î¿ï¸®Áö ¾Ê´Â, ÀûÀýÇÑ À§Ä¡°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ * landscape: dz°æ * insultingly: ¸ð¿åÀûÀ¸·Î * inhospitable: ºÒÄ£ÀýÇÑ, ¾ß¹ÚÇÑ * suburb: ±³¿Ü * rid A of B: A¿¡¼­ B¸¦ Á¦°ÅÇÏ´Ù * grace: ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿ò, ¿ì¾ÆÇÔ * triumph: ½Â¸®ÇÏ´Ù 128ÂÊ 23. Çؼ®: ±â¼ú Çõ½ÅÀÇ ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ¿µÇâ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »ç·Ê°¡ Çɶõµå ºÏºÎÀÇ Skolt LappÁ· »çÀÌÀÇ ´« ÀÚµ¿Â÷ º¸±ÞÀ» Á¶»çÇÑ ÇÑ ¿¬±¸¿ø¿¡ ÀÇÇØ º¸°íµÇ¾ú´Ù. ´« ÀÚµ¿Â÷´Â ¼ø·Ï ½ä¸Å¸¦ ÁÖ¿ä ±³Åë¼ö´ÜÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ´ø Lapp Á·¿¡°Ô »ó´çÇÑ »ó´ëÀûÀÎ ÀÌÁ¡À» °¡Á®´ÙÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ÈξÀ ´õ »¡¶ó¼­ ¹°ÀÚ ¿î¹ÝÀ» ´õ È¿À²ÀûÀ¸·Î ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, ±× ´« ÀÚµ¿Â÷´Â Lapp Á·¿¡°Ô _ºñÂüÇÑ_ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÃÆ´Ù. ¿ì¼±, ´« ÀÚµ¿Â÷ÀÇ ¼ÒÀ½ÀÌ ¼ø·ÏµéÀ» ±ô¦ ³î¶ó°Ô ÇÏ¿© ±× °á°ú °Ç°­»óÀÇ ¹®Á¦¸¦ µå·¯³ª°Ô ÇßÀ¸¸ç, ¸Å³â ´õ ÀûÀº ¼öÀÇ »õ³¢¸¦ ³º°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ´« ÀÚµ¿Â÷¸¦ »ç±â À§ÇØ ¼ø·ÏÀÇ ÀϺθ¦ ÆȾҴø ¸ñÃà¾÷Àڵ鿡 ÀÇÇØ ¼ø·Ï ¶¼ÀÇ ±Ô¸ðµµ _ÁÙ¾îµé¾ú´Ù_. ¼ø·Ï ¶¼°¡ Á¡Á¡ ÁÙ¾îµé¸é¼­ Lapp Á·Àº »ì¾Æ°¡±â°¡ ´õ ¾î·Æ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÇ¾ú°í, °á±¹ ´« ÀÚµ¿Â÷´Â Lapp Á·À» _°¡³­_ ¼ÓÀ¸·Î ¸ô¾Æ°£ Á¦Ç°À¸·Î ¿©°ÜÁ³´Ù. (Çؼ³) (A) ´« ÀÚµ¿Â÷°¡ Lapp Á·¿¡°Ô ³¢Ä£ ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ¿µÇâÀÌ ¾ð±ÞµÇ°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, disastrous(ºñÂüÇÑ, ÇÇÇØ°¡ ¸·½ÉÇÑ)°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. beneficial(À¯ÀÍÇÑ, À̷οî)Àº ÀûÀýÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù. (B) ¼ø·ÏÀÌ »õ³¢¸¦ Àû°Ô ³º¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, ¸ñÃà¾÷ÀÚ°¡ ¼ø·ÏÀ» Æȱ⵵ ÇßÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¼ø·ÏÀÇ ±Ô¸ð°¡ ¡®ÁÙ¾îµé¾ú´Ù(reduced)¡¯´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹®¸Æ»ó ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. increase(Áõ°¡ÇÏ´Ù)´Â ÀûÀýÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù. (C) ¼ø·ÏÀÌ ´õ Àû¾îÁö¸é¼­ Lapp Á·ÀÌ »ì¾Æ°¡±â°¡ Èûµé¾îÁ®¼­ ¡®°¡³­(poverty)¡¯ ¼ÓÀ¸·Î ³»¸ô·È´Ù°¡ ¹®¸Æ»ó ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. wealth (ºÎ, Àç»ê)´Â ÀûÀýÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù. (±¸¹®) With smaller herds, the Lapps found _it_ more difficult _to survive_, and the snowmobile _was_ eventually _viewed as_ a product that drove the Lapps into poverty.: itÀº Çü½Ä»óÀÇ °¡¸ñÀû¾î·Î to survive°¡ Àǹ̻óÀÇ Áø¸ñÀû¾îÀÌ´Ù. 'view A as (B) (A¸¦ B·Î ¿©±â´Ù)'°¡ ¸ñÀû¾îÀÎ the snowmobileÀÌ ÁÖ¾î·Î ¼öµ¿Å·ΠǥÇöµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * snowmobile: ´« ÀÚµ¿Â÷ * reindeer: ¼ø·Ï * sled: ½ä¸Å * calf: »õ³¢, ¼Û¾ÆÁö * herder: ¸ñµ¿, ¸ñÃà¾÷ÀÚ * herd: °¡ÃàÀÇ ¶¼, ¹«¸® * be viewed as: ~·Î ¿©°ÜÁö´Ù 24. Çؼ®: ±×¸² A¿Í B´Â À̽½Á¡ ½Àµµ°è·Î À̽½Á¡ÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô ÃøÁ¤µÇ´ÂÁö¸¦ º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. ±×¸² A¿¡¼­´Â ·¹ÀÌÀú·ÎºÎÅÍ ºûÀÌ ³ª¿Í¼­ °Å¿ï¿¡ ¹Ý»çµÇ¾î °üÂûµÈ ºûÀÇ °­µµ¸¦ ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ´Â ¼ö½Å ÀåÄ¡·Î ÇâÇÑ´Ù. °Å¿ï ¿Âµµ°¡ À̽½Á¡º¸´Ù ³ô°í Àü´ÞµÇ´Â ºûÀÌ 10mW/cm2ÀÌ¸é °üÂûµÈ ºûÀÇ °­µµ´Â µ¿ÀÏÇÏ´Ù. °Å¿ï ¿Âµµ°¡ À̽½Á¡¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ±×¸² B¿¡¼­´Â À̽½ ¹æ¿ïÀÌ °Å¿ïÀÇ Ç¥¸éÀ» µ¤´Â´Ù. Àü´ÞµÈ ºûÀÌ ±× À̽½ ¹æ¿ïµé°ú ºÎµúÄ¡¸é ±×°ÍÀº ºÐ»êµÈ´Ù. ±× °á°ú Àü´ÞµÈ ºûÀÇ °­µµ¿Í ºñ±³ÇÒ ¶§ ¼ö½Å ÀåÄ¡¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °üÂûµÈ ºûÀÇ °­µµ´Â _Áõ°¡µÈ´Ù/¡æ °¨¼ÒµÈ´Ù_. (Çؼ³) ±×¸² B¿¡¼­ °­µµ°¡ 10mW/cm2 ÀÌ´ø ·¹ÀÌÀú¿¡¼­ ³ª¿Â ºûÀº À̽½¹æ¿ï°ú ºÎµúÄ¡¸é¼­ ºÐ»êµÇ¾î 1mW/cm2 ·Î °¨¼ÒÇßÀ½À» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ¨ë increased¸¦ decreased·Î °íÃÄ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (±¸¹®) As a consequence, compared to the intensity of the transmitted light, _that_ of the observed light measured by the receiver is ~.: thatÀº ¾Õ¿¡ ³ª¿Â ¸í»ç the intensity¸¦ ´ë½ÅÇÏ´Â ´ë¸í»çÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * dew point: À̽½Á¡ * transmit: º¸³»´Ù, ¹ß¼ÛÇÏ´Ù, ÀüÇÏ´Ù * intensity: °­µµ, ¼¼±â * observed: °üÂûµÈ * scatter: ºÐ»ê½ÃÅ°´Ù * as a consequence: °á°úÀûÀ¸·Î 25. Çؼ®: ¼³¹® Á¶»ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹ÝÀÀÀº »ç°Ç¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ´Âµ¥, ¿ì¸®´Â Á¶»çÀÇ °á°ú¸¦ °ËÅäÇÒ ¶§ ÀÌ°ÍÀ» °í·ÁÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ¸¸¾à Ç×°ø±â Ã߶ô»ç°í Á÷ÈÄ¿¡ ¾î¶² Á¶»ç°¡ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø´Ù¸é Ç×°ø»ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸í¼ºÀº _¼Õ»óµÉ_ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¾î´À ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ È¸»ç »ý»êÇ°ÀÇ °áÇÔ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÁÖ¿ä ´º½ºÀÇ º¸µµ°¡ ÀÖÀº Á÷ÈÄ ±× ȸ»ç´Â ±× ¸í¼ºÀ» ÀÒ¾ú´Ù. ±àÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ¸éÀ» º¸¸é, ÇÑ À½·á ȸ»ç¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø ȸ»çÀÇ À̹ÌÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¶»ç °á°ú ¿Ã¸²ÇÈ¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¸·´ëÇÑ ÅõÀÚ°¡ ÀÖÀº Á÷ÈÄ¿¡ ÀϹÝÀεéÀÇ ¸Å¿ì _È£ÀÇÀûÀÎ_ ŵµ°¡ ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. °á°úÀûÀ¸·Î Á¶»ç´Â ±× Á¶Á÷ÀÌ ´º½º¿¡ ³ª¿À°Å³ª ¿©·Ð¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Áß´ëÇÑ »ç°Ç¿¡ °ü°èµÇÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¶§ ¼öÇàµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Á߸³ÀûÀÎ »óȲ¿¡¼­ ±× Áý´ÜÀÇ ¸í¼º, »ý»êÇ°, ¶Ç´Â ¼­ºñ½º¿¡ °üÇÑ º¸´Ù _Ÿ´ç¼º ÀÖ´Â_ Á¶»ç°¡ ¼öÇàµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (Çؼ³) (A) Ç×°ø±â Ã߶ô»ç°í ÈÄ¿¡ Ç×°ø»ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¶»ç¸¦ ÇÏ¸é ±× È¸»çÀÇ ¸í¼ºÀº ¡®¼Õ»óÀ» ÀÔÀ»(damaged)¡¯ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. recover´Â ¡®È¸º¹ÇÏ´Ù¡¯ÀÇ Àǹ̷Π¹Ý´ë Àǹ̸¦ °®´Â´Ù. (B) À½·á ȸ»ç°¡ ¿Ã¸²ÇÈ ¶§ ÁýÁß ÅõÀÚ¸¦ Çϸé ÀϹÝÀεéÀº ±× ȸ»ç¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¡®È£ÀÇÀûÀÎ(favorable)¡¯ ŵµ¸¦ º¸ÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. hostileÀº favorableÀÇ ¹ÝÀǾî·Î ¡®Àû´ëÀûÀΡ¯ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. (C) Á߸³Àû »óȲ¿¡¼­ Á¶»ç°¡ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö¸é ¡®Å¸´ç¼º ÀÖ´Â(valid)¡¯ Á¶»ç°¡ ¼öÇàµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. biased´Â ¹ÝÀǾî·Î ¡®Æí°ßÀÌ Àִ¡¯ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. (±¸¹®) Consequently, surveys should be conducted when the organization is not in the news or ( _is not_) connected to a significant event _that_ may influence public opinion.: ¹Ýº¹µÈ is notÀº »ý·«µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç °ü°è»ç thatÀº a significant event¸¦ ¼±Çà»ç·Î ÃëÇÑ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * reputation: ÆòÆÇ, ¸í¼º * crash: Ã߶ô * coverage: º¸µµ * defect: °áÇÔ * beverage: À½·á * massive: ¸·´ëÇÑ * investment: ÅõÀÚ * consequently: °á°úÀûÀ¸·Î 129ÂÊ * organization: Á¶Á÷ü, Áý´Ü * significant: Áß´ëÇÑ * neutral Á߸³ÀûÀÎ * context: »óȲ, ¸Æ¶ô 26. Çؼ®: È¿À²¼ºÀ̶õ _ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑ_ÀÇ ºñ¿ëÀ¸·Î ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀÎ ¸ñÇ¥¸¦ ½Å¼ÓÇÏ°Ô ´Þ¼ºÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. È¿À²¼ºÀ̶ó´Â °³³äÀº »ê¾÷À̳ª »ç¾÷ÀÇ ÀÌÇØ °ü°è¿¡ ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀ¸·Î °ü·ÃµÈ °ÍÀÌÁö¸¸, ÀüÇüÀûÀ¸·Î °í°´¿¡°Ô _À̵æ_ÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ±¤°íµÈ´Ù. »ç·ÊµéÀº ¸¹´Ù. »ø·¯µå ¹Ù, ÀÚ±â À½·á¸¦ Á÷Á¢ ä¿ì´Â °Í, ¼¿ÇÁ ¼­ºñ½ºÀÎ ÁÖÀ¯¼Ò, ÀÚµ¿ Çö±Ý Ãâ³³±â, ÀüÀÚ·¹ÀÎÁö·Î Á÷Á¢ µ¥¿ö ¸Ô´Â ½Ä»ç, °¡°Ô ÁÖÀο¡°Ô ÁÖ¹®À» ÇÏ´ø ¿¹Àü ½Ä·áÇ° °¡°Ô¿Í´Â ´Ù¸¥ ÆíÀÇÁ¡ µîÀÌ ÇØ´çµÈ´Ù. ¿©±â¼­ Èï¹Ì·Î¿î ¿ä¼Ò´Â ¿¹Àü¿¡ °í°´µéÀ» À§ÇØ ÇàÇØÁ³´ø ÀÏÀ» ÈçÈ÷ °í°´ÀÌ °á±¹ ½º½º·Î ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ °í°´Àº °á±¹ ´õ ¸¹Àº ½Ã°£À» _¼ÒºñÇÏ°Ô_ µÇ°í, »õ·Î¿î ±â¼úµéÀ» ¹è¿ö¾ß¸¸ Çϸç, ´õ ¸¹Àº ¼ýÀÚ¸¦ ±â¾ïÇØ¾ß ÇÏ°í, »ç¾÷ü°¡ ´õ È¿À²ÀûÀ¸·Î ¿î¿µµÇ°Å³ª ´õ ³ôÀº ÀÌÀ± ÆøÀ» À¯ÁöÇϵµ·Ï Çϱâ À§ÇØ ÈçÈ÷ ´õ ³ôÀº °ªÀ» ÁöºÒÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (Çؼ³) (A) È¿À²¼ºÀÇ °³³ä¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼³¸íÀÌ´Ù. ¡®ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑÀÇ(least)¡¯ ºñ¿ëÀ¸·Î ¸ñÇ¥¸¦ ½Å¼ÓÇÏ°Ô ´Þ¼ºÇÑ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ ¹®¸Æ»ó ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (B) È¿À²¼ºÀÌ °í°´¿¡°Ô ¡®À̵æ(benefit)¡¯ÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ±¤°íµÇÁö¸¸, ½ÇÁ¦·Î´Â ±×·¸Áö ¾Ê´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ ±Û µÞºÎºÐ¿¡ Á¦½ÃµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (C) ¿¹Àü¿¡ °í°´À» À§ÇØ ÇàÇØÁ³´ø ÀÏÀ» °í°´ÀÌ ½º½º·Î ÇÏ°Ô µÇ¸é¼­ ´õ ¸¹Àº ½Ã°£À» ¡®¼ÒºñÇÏ°Ô(spending)¡¯ µÈ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ ¹®¸Æ»ó ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (±¸¹®) And the customer ends up _spending_ more time and _being forced_ to learn new technologies, remember more numbers, and often pay higher prices ~.: spending°ú being forced°¡ µîÀ§Á¢¼Ó»ç and·Î ¿¬°áµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, be forced to ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ µ¿»ç learn, remember, payµµ and·Î ¿¬°áµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * efficiency: È¿À²¼º * specific: ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀÎ, ƯÁ¤ÇÑ * previously: ¿¹Àü¿¡ * end up -ing: °á±¹ ~ÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Ù * maintain: À¯ÁöÇÏ´Ù * profit margin: ÀÌÀ± Æø 27. Çؼ®: À§ ¼¼ ±×¸²Àº Áö±¸ ¿Â³­È­°¡ µ¿ÅäÃþ Áö¿ª¿¡ ¹ÌÄ¡´Â ¿µÇâ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇÑ ¸ðÇüÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»°í ÀÖ´Ù. µ¿ÅäÃþÀº ¼·¾¾ 0µµ³ª ±× ÀÌÇÏ·Î 2³â ÀÌ»ó Áö¼ÓµÇ´Â ¾ó¾îÀÖ´Â ¶¥ÀÌ´Ù. ¼¼°è ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ µ¿ÅäÃþÀº ¸¹Àº ¾çÀÇ Åº¼Ò¸¦ À¯±â ¹°Áú ¾È¿¡ °¡µÐ ä ¼öõ ³â µ¿¾È ¾ó¾î ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×¸² 1¿¡ Á¦½ÃµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ±Øµµ·Î Ãß¿î Áö¿ª¿¡¼­´Â µ¿ÅäÃþÀÌ ¼öõ ÇÇÆ® µÎ²²·Î, È°µ¿ÃþÀ̶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â ¸î ÇÇÆ® ±íÀÌÀÇ Åä¾ç Ãþ ¾Æ·¡¿¡ Àִµ¥, ±× È°µ¿ÃþÀº °èÀý¿¡ µû¶ó ¾ó°í ³ì´Â´Ù. ¿¬°£ Æò±Õ ±â¿ÂÀÌ ºùÁ¡ ÀÌÇÏ·Î ¾à°£ ¶³¾îÁö´Â Áö¿ª¿¡¼­´Â µ¿ÅäÃþÀÌ ±×¸² 2¿¡¼­Ã³·³ Èð¾îÁ® ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸² 1°ú ºñ±³ÇßÀ» ¶§, ±×¸² 2ÀÇ µ¿ÅäÃþÀº _´õ ¾èÀº/¡æ ´õ ±íÀº_ È°µ¿ÃþÀ¸·Î µ¤¿© ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌÁ¦ ´õ ª°í ´õ ¿ÂÈ­ÇÑ °Ü¿ïÀ» °Þ°í ÀÖ´Â ±×¸² 3ÀÇ µ¿ÅäÃþ Áö¿ª¿¡¼­, µ¿ÅäÃþ ¿µ¿ªÀº ±×¸² 2¿Í ºñ±³ÇßÀ» ¶§ ´õ ÁÙ¾îµç´Ù. ÀÌ»êȭź¼Ò¿Í ¸ÞźÀÌ ´ë±â·Î ¹æÃâµÇ°í ±×¸² 3¿¡¼­Ã³·³ ´õ ¸¹Àº ³ª¹«¿Í ½Ä¹°µéÀÌ ÀÚ¶õ´Ù. (Çؼ³) µû¶æÇÑ ¿Âµµ·Î ÀÎÇØ ±×¸² 2ÀÇ È°µ¿ÃþÀº ±×¸² 1º¸´Ù ´õ ±í¾îÁ³À½À» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ¨é shallower¸¦ deeper·Î °íÃÄ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (±¸¹®) In areas of extreme cold presented in Picture 1, permafrost _is_ thousands of feet thick and _lies_ below a layer of soil a few feet deep called the active layer, _which_ freezes and thaws with the seasons.: ÁÖ¾î´Â permafrostÀ̸ç, µ¿»ç´Â is¿Í liesÀÌ´Ù. which´Â ¾Õ¿¡ ³ª¿Â the active layer¸¦ ´ë½ÅÇϸ鼭 ¹®ÀåÀ» ¿¬°áÇÏ´Â °è¼ÓÀû ¿ë¹ýÀÇ °ü°è´ë¸í»çÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * represent: ³ªÅ¸³»´Ù * permafrost: (¿µ±¸) µ¿ÅäÃþ * for millennia: ¼öõ ³â µ¿¾È(millennia: millennium (õ³â°£)ÀÇ º¹¼öÇü) * massive: ºÎÇÇ°¡ Å«, À°ÁßÇÑ * organic: À¯±âüÀÇ * layer: Ãþ, ´ÜÃþ * scatter: Èð¾îÁö´Ù * carbon dioxide: ÀÌ»êȭź¼Ò 28. Çؼ®: »ç°¢ Áö´ë(ÀڱⰡ ¸ð¸£´Â ºÐ¾ß)´Â Áö½ÄÀÇ ´Ü¼øÇÑ ºÎÁ·°ú´Â ´Ù¸£´Ù. »ç°¢Áö´ë´Â ƯÁ¤ ºÐ¾ß¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇнÀÀ» _°ÅºÎÇÏ´Â_ °Í¿¡¼­ ³ª¿Â´Ù. »ç°¢ Áö´ëÀÇ »Ñ¸®¿¡´Â ¸¹Àº °¨Á¤µé ¶Ç´Â ŵµµéÀÌ Àִµ¥ °¡Àå ºÐ¸íÇÑ °ÍÀº µÎ·Á¿òÀÌÁö¸¸, ÀÚ¸¸, Àڱ⸸Á·, ºÒ¾Èµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ¾î¶² °æ¿µÀÚ´Â ÀçÁ¤ ºÐ¾ß¿¡¼­´Â Ź¿ùÇÑ Áö½ÄÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖÁö¸¸, »ç¶÷ °ü¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌÇØ´Â _ÇÑ°è°¡ ÀÖÀ»Áöµµ_ ¸ð¸¥´Ù. »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×³à°¡ Â÷°©°í ¹«°ü½ÉÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ°í º¸´Ù ÀÚ¹®ÀûÀ¸·Î º¯ÇÏ°í ÆÀ¿øµé°ú ÇÔ²² ¾î¿ï¸®°Ô µÇ±â¸¦ ¿øÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×³à´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °æ¿µ ½ºÅ¸ÀÏ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³²µéÀÇ ÀÇ°ßÀ» ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌ·Á°í ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ½ÉÁö¾î ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °æ¿µ ½ºÅ¸ÀÏ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º¯È­ÀÇ _Àü¸Á_À» °í·ÁÇÏ´Â °ÍÁ¶Â÷ °ÅºÎÇÑ´Ù. (Çؼ³) (A) ƯÁ¤ ºÐ¾ß¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇнÀÀ» °ÅºÎÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ »ç°¢ Áö´ë°¡ »ý±â´Â °ÍÀ̹ǷΠresistance(°ÅºÎ, ÀúÇ×)°¡ ¿Ç´Ù. connectionÀº ¡®¿¬°á¡¯, ¡®¿¬°ü¼º¡¯À̶ó´Â ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. (B) »ç¶÷ °ü¸®¸¦ ÀßÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â °æ¿µÀÚ°¡ ¿¹½Ã·Î µîÀåÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î limited(ÇÑ°è°¡ ÀÖ´Â)°¡ ¿Ç´Ù. flooded´Â ¡®³ÑÃijª´Â¡¯À̶ó´Â ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. (C) ±× °æ¿µÀÚ´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °æ¿µ ½ºÅ¸ÀÏÀ» ¹Ù²Ù·Á ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò°í º¯È­¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±â´ë³ª Àü¸ÁÁ¶Â÷ °í·ÁÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ¸¹Ç·Î, prospect(Àü¸Á, ±â´ë)°¡ ¿Ç´Ù. retrospect´Â ¡®È¸»ó, ȸ°í¡¯¶ó´Â ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. (±¸¹®) At the root of many of our blind spots 46^^_are a number of emotions or attitudes_ ~.: ºÎ»ç±¸(At the ¡¦ blind spots)°¡ ¹®µÎ¿¡ ¿Í¼­ ÁÖ¾î¿Í µ¿»ç°¡ µµÄ¡µÈ ±¸¹®ÀÌ´Ù. Á־ º¹¼ö(a 130ÂÊ number of emotions or attitudes)À̱⠶§¹®¿¡ µ¿»ç are°¡ ¾²ÀÎ °Í¿¡ À¯ÀÇÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * blind spot: »ç°¢ Áö´ë * obvious: ¸íÈ®ÇÑ * self-satisfaction: Àڱ⸸Á· * unsurpassed: Ź¿ùÇÑ * financial: ÀçÁ¤ÀÇ * flood: ³ÑÃijª´Ù; È«¼ö * feedback: (³²ÀÇ) ÀÇ°ß 29. Çؼ®: À§ ±×¸²Àº È°°­ ½ºÅ°¿Í Å©·Î½º ÄÁÆ®¸® ½ºÅ°ÀÇ Àåºñ¿Í ±ÇÀå »çÀÌÁ º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. º¸´Ù½ÃÇÇ È°°­ ½ºÅ°´Â Å©·Î½º ÄÁÆ®¸® ½ºÅ°¿¡ ºñÇØ ´õ ª°í ´õ ³ÐÀ¸¸ç ´ë·« ½ºÅ°¸¦ Ÿ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÇ Å° ³ôÀÌ´Ù. Å©·Î½º ÄÁÆ®¸® ½ºÅ°´Â ÆÈÀ» ¸Ó¸®À§·Î »¸¾úÀ» ¶§ _ÆȲÞÄ¡/¡æ ¼Õ¸ñ_¿¡ ´ê´Â ³ôÀÌ´Ù. ¾î´À °æ¿ìµç ½ºÅ°¸¦ Ÿ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¸ö¹«°Ô°¡ ¾à°£ ´õ ¹«°Ì°Å³ª ´õ¿í ¼÷·ÃµÈ °æ¿ì¶ó¸é ´õ ±ä ½ºÅ°¸¦ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ°í, ¸ö¹«°Ô°¡ ´õ °¡º±°Å³ª Ãʺ¸ÀÚÀÎ °æ¿ì ´õ ªÀº ½ºÅ°¸¦ ¼±È£ÇÑ´Ù. Å©·Î½º ÄÁÆ®¸® ÆúÀº È°°­ ½ºÅ° Æúº¸´Ù ´õ ±æ°í ³¡ÀÌ ±¸ºÎ·¯Á® ÀÖ´Ù. Å©·Î½º ÄÁÆ®¸® ÆúÀÇ ±æÀÌ´Â °Üµå¶ûÀÌ¿¡ ´ê´Â´Ù. È°°­ ÆúÀº °Üµå¶ûÀÌ¿¡¼­ 2ÀÎÄ¡ °¡·® ¾Æ·¡¿¡¼­ Æí¾ÈÇÏ°Ô ¼Õ¿¡ ²À ¸Â´Â´Ù. È°°­ ÀåÈ­ÀÇ ¹Ù´ÚÀº ½ºÅ°¿¡ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ºÙ¾îÀÖÁö¸¸ ¹Ý¸é Å©·Î½ºÄÁÆ®¸® ÀåÈ­ÀÇ µÚ²ÞÄ¡´Â ½ºÅ°¿¡ ä¿öÁ® ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù. (Çؼ³) ±×¸²À» º¸¸é Å©·Î½º ÄÁÆ®¸® ½ºÅ°´Â ¼ÕÀ» ¸Ó¸® À§·Î »¸¾úÀ» ¶§ ÆȲÞÄ¡¿¡ ´ê´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¼Õ¸ñ¿¡ ´ê°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¨è elbow¸¦ wrist·Î °íÃÄ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (±¸¹®) As you can see, the downhill ski is shorter and wider than the cross-country ski and 46^^_is about the height of the skier_.: ¡®Å©±â, ³Êºñ, ³ôÀÌ¡¯ µîÀ» ºñ±³ÇÒ ¶§ 'be£«¹è¼ö»ç (twice, three times ¡¦)£«the£«size(width, heigh)£«of ~'·Î Ç¥ÇöÇϱ⵵ ÇÑ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * equipment: Àåºñ * downhill: È°°­ * cross-country: Å©·Î½ºÄÁÆ®¸®(ÆòÁö¸¦ °È°í ¿Ã¶ó°¡°í ³»·Á¿À´Â Àå°Å¸® °æÁÖ) * height: ³ôÀÌ, Å° * attach: ºÎÂøÇÏ´Ù * fasten: ä¿ì´Ù, °íÁ¤ÇÏ´Ù 30. Çؼ®: ÅÚ·¹ºñÀü ¹æ¼ÛÀÇ Ã¹ ½ÇÇèÀº 1930³â´ë¿¡ ÇÁ¶û½º¿¡¼­ ½ÃÀ۵ǾúÁö¸¸, ÇÁ¶û½ºÀεéÀº ±× »õ·Î¿î ±â¼úÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â µ¥ ´À·È´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ _ÁÖÀúÇÔ_¿¡´Â ¸î °¡Áö ÀÌÀ¯°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¶óµð¿À¿¡ Á¤ºÎ ÀÚ¿øÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú°í, ±×·¡¼­ ÇÁ¶û½º Á¤ºÎ´Â ÅÚ·¹ºñÀü ¹æ¼ÛÀ» À§ÇÑ Àü±¹ÀûÀÎ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¸¦ °³¹ßÇÏ´Â ÀçÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ºÎ´ãÀ» ±â²¨ÀÌ ¶°¸ÃÀ¸·Á°í ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ÅÚ·¹ºñÀüÀÇ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» Â¥´Â ºñ¿ëÀº ³Ê¹«³ª ºñ½Õ°í, ±×¿¡ »óÀÀÇØ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÇ »êÃâ·®Àº Àû¾ú´Ù. ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑÀÇ Á¦°ø Æí¼ö¿Í °áÇÕµÈ ºó¾àÇÑ _¹è±Þ_Àº ±× »õ·Î¿î »óÇ°À» ±¸¸ÅÇÒ µ¿±âºÎ¿©¸¦ °ÅÀÇ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ´õ¿íÀÌ, ÅÚ·¹ºñÀü ¼ö»ó±â´Â, ƯÈ÷ 1930³â´ë¿Í 1940³â´ë¿¡ ¼ö¼öÇÑ »ýÈ° ¼öÁØÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ »çÄ¡½º·± »óÇ°À» ÃëµæÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´ø ÀÏ¹Ý ´ëÁßÀÇ ¼öÀÔÀ» ³Ñ´Â °¡°ÝÀÌ ¸Å°ÜÁ® ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. À̵¥¿Ã·Î±âÀûÀÎ ¿µÇâ·Âµµ ¶ÇÇÑ ¿äÀο¡ µé¾î ÀÖ¾ú´Âµ¥, ƯÈ÷ ¿¤¸®Æ®µéÀº ÅÚ·¹ºñÀü¿¡ ´ëÇØ _ȸÀÇÀûÀ̾ú°í_ ±×°ÍÀ» ´ëÁß¹®È­¿Í ¹Ì±¹È­ÀÇ Àü·ÉÀ¸·Î ÀνÄÇß´Ù. (Çؼ³) (A) ¹Ù·Î ¾Õ¿¡¼­ »õ·Î¿î ±â¼úÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â µ¥ ´À·È´Ù°í ÇßÀ¸¹Ç·Î hesitancy(ÁÖÀúÇÔ, ¸Á¼³ÀÓ)°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. consistency´Â ¡®ÀÏ°ü¼º¡¯À» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. (B) ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ Á¦°øÆí¼ö°¡ Àû¾ú°í ±×°ÍÀÌ Á¦´ë·Î ¹è±ÞµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù´Â ¹®¸ÆÀ̹ǷΠdistribution(¹è±Þ, ºÐÆ÷)ÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. descriptionÀº ¡®¹¦»ç¡¯¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. (C) ¿¤¸®Æ®µéÀÌ ÅÚ·¹ºñÀü¿¡ ´ëÇØ ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀÎ °ßÇظ¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù´Â ¹®¸ÆÀ̹ǷΠskeptical(ȸÀÇÀûÀÎ)ÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. optimisticÀº ¡®³«ÃµÀûÀΡ¯À» ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. (±¸¹®) ¡¦ beyond the means of a general public _whose_ modest living standards, especially in the 1930s and 1940s, did not allow the acquisition of luxury goods.: whose´Â ¾ÕÀÇ ¼±Çà»ç a general publicÀ» ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â °ü°èÀýÀ» À̲ø°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, µÚ¿¡ ³ª¿À´Â ¸í»ç±¸ modest living standardsµµ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * employ: »ç¿ëÇÏ´Ù, °í¿ëÇÏ´Ù * absorb: »ç¿ëÇÏ´Ù, Èí¼öÇÏ´Ù * majority: ´ëºÎºÐ * be reluctant to: ~Çϱ⸦ ²¨¸®´Ù * shoulder: ¶°¸Ã´Ù * financial: ÀçÁ¤ÀûÀÎ * burden: ºÎ´ã * output: »êÃâ(·®) * correspondingly: »óÀÀÇÏ¿©, ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ¿© * minimal: ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑÀÇ * incentive: À¯ÀÎ, µ¿±â * modest: ¼ö¼öÇÑ, ÇÏÂúÀº * acquisition: Ãëµæ, ½Àµæ * luxury: »çÄ¡½º·± * messenger: Àü·É, »çÀÚ 31. Çؼ®: ¹ÙÀ̿ø°Àº ±×°ÍÀÇ ÁÙ¿¡¼­ ÆØÆØÇÑ Àå·ÂÀ» ¸¸µé¾î ³»°í ±× ÁÙµéÀÌ °¢°¢ ÆòÇü ÇüÅÂ, Áï °ðÀº ¼±ÀÌ µÇµµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. ÆØÆØÇÑ ¹ÙÀ̿ø° ÁÙÀº À§ÀÇ µÎ ±×¸²¿¡¼­Ã³·³ ¿¬¼âÀûÀ¸·Î ¿¬°áµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ¸¹Àº °³º°ÀûÀÎ ºÎºÐµé·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸² 1¿¡¼­Ã³·³ ÁÙÀÌ Á÷¼±ÀÏ ¶§, ±×°ÍÀÇ Àå·ÂÀº ±ÕÀÏÇϸç ÁÖ¾îÁø ºÎºÐ¿¡¼­ ¹ÛÀ¸·Î ÇâÇÏ´Â µÎ °³ÀÇ ÈûÀº ÇÕÀÌ Á¦·ÎÀÌ´Ù. Áï, ±×°ÍµéÀº µ¿ÀÏÇÑ Å©±â¸¦ °¡Áö¸ç ¹Ý´ë ¹æÇâÀ¸·Î ÇâÇØ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀÇ ºÎºÐµé¿¡ ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ÇÕ·Â(net force)ÀÌ ÀüÇô ¾ø¾î¼­ ±× ÁÙÀº ÆòÇü »óÅ¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÁÙÀÌ ±×¸² 2¿¡¼­Ã³·³ °î¼±ÀÏ ¶§, ±×°ÍÀÇ ºÎºÐµé¿¡¼­ ¹ÛÀ¸·Î ÇâÇÏ´Â ÈûÀº ÀÌÁ¦ ´õ ÀÌ»ó ÇÕÀÌ Á¦·Î°¡ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ºñ·Ï ÁÙÀÇ ±ÕÀÏÇÑ Àå·ÂÀÌ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ¹ÛÀ¸·Î ÇâÇÏ´Â Èûµé¿¡°Ô µ¿ÀÏÇÑ Å©±â¸¦ ÁÖÁö¸¸, ±×°ÍµéÀº ÀÌÁ¦ ¾à°£ ´Ù¸¥ ¹æÇâÀ¸·Î ÇâÇØ ÀÖ°í, 131ÂÊ ±×·¡¼­ °¢ ºÎºÐÀº _Á¦·ÎÀÇ/¡æ ¾à°£ÀÇ_ ÇÕ·ÂÀ» °æÇèÇÑ´Ù. °¢°¢ÀÇ ºÎºÐµé¿¡¼­ ÇÕ·Â(net force)Àº ¿ø»óÅ·Πµ¹¾Æ°¡·Á°í ÇÏ´Â ÈûÀ̸ç, ±×°ÍÀº ÁÙÀÌ Áøµ¿ÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ°í ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© ¼Ò¸®¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î ³½´Ù. (Çؼ³) ±×¸²À» º¸¸é ÁÙÀÌ ÀÏÁ÷¼± »óÅÂÀÏ ¶§´Â ÇÕ·Â(net force)ÀÌ 0ÀÌÁö¸¸, °î¼±ÀÏ ¶§´Â ¾à°£ÀÇ ÇÕ·Â(net force)ÀÌ »ý±â¹Ç·Î, ¨ëÀÇ zero¸¦ small·Î °íÃÄ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (±¸¹®) The net forces on its pieces are restoring forces, _which_ will cause the string to vibrate and thus make sounds.: which´Â °è¼ÓÀû ¿ë¹ýÀÇ °ü°è´ë¸í»ç·Î¼­ ¾Õ Àý Àüü¸¦ ¹ÞÀ¸¸ç, Àǹ̻ó and it ~À¸·Î ¹Ù²ã ¾µ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * tension: Àå·Â * string: ÁÙ * composed of: ~·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â * in a chain: ¿¬¼âÀûÀ¸·Î * uniform: ±ÕÀÏÇÑ * opposite: Á¤¹Ý´ëÀÇ * restore: ¿ø»óÅ·Πµ¹¾Æ°¡´Ù * vibrate: Áøµ¿ÇÏ´Ù 32. Çؼ®: ÀϺΠ°í¾çÀÌ¿Í »õ³¢°í¾çÀ̵éÀÌ ¾ó¸¶³ª °«³­¾ÆÀ̵é°ú ¾î¸°¾ÆÀ̵鿡°Ô ÂüÀ»¼ºÀÌ Àִ°¡´Â ³î¶ó¿ï Á¤µµÁö¸¸, ÀÌ°ÍÀ» ½ÃÇèÇؼ­´Â ¾È µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀº ¾ÆÀ̵鿡°Ô °í¾çÀ̸¦ _¹æÇØÇÏÁö_ ¸»¶ó°í °¡¸£ÃÄ¾ß Çϸç, ƯÈ÷ °í¾çÀÌ°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀáÀÚ¸®¿¡¼­ ½¬°í ÀÖÀ» ¶§ ±×°ÍÀ» ¿òÄÑÀâÀ½À¸·Î½á ¹æÇØÇؼ­´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù°í °¡¸£ÃÄ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¾î¸° ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÌ »õ³¢°í¾çÀ̳ª °í¾çÀ̸¦ µé¾î ¿Ã¸®Áö ¾Êµµ·Ï Á¦ÁöÇ϶ó. ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÌ ±×°ÍµéÀÇ ¹è ÁÖÀ§¸¦ ³Ê¹« ½ÉÇÏ°Ô _²À ²¸¾È¾Æ_ ±×°ÍµéÀÌ ¾È¾ÆÁÖ´Â °ÍÀ» ÇÊ»çÀûÀ¸·Î ½È¾îÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ´ë½Å¿¡, °í¾çÀÌ°¡ ¾ÆÀÌÀÇ ¹«¸­À¸·Î ±â¾î ¿Ã¶ó¿Í °Å±â¿¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸é¼­ ¾²´ÙµëÀ½À» ¹Þµµ·Ï ¸¸µé¾î¶ó. ¾ÆÀ̵鿡°Ô °í¾çÀ̸¦ ¾²´Ùµë°í °í¾çÀ̸¦ µé¾î ¿Ã¸®°í ±×°ÍÀ» ¾È°í ÀÖ´Â ¹ýÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ¾î¶ó. ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¼­·Î _¸¸³ª¼­ Á¢ÃËÇÏ´Â_ µ¿¾È¿¡ °í¾çÀÌ°¡ ¾ï´­¸²À» ´çÇÏÁö ¾Ê°Ô Ç϶ó. °í¾çÀÌ°¡ ¿øÇÒ ¶§¸¶´Ù °É¾î ³ª°¥ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô Çã¿ëÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÌ ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô Ç϶ó. (Çؼ³) (A) ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÌ °í¾çÀ̸¦ ¹æÇØÇÏÁö ¾Ê°Ô ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â ¹®¸ÆÀ̹ǷΠdisturb(¹æÇØÇÏ´Ù)°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. adopt´Â ¡®Ã¤ÅÃÇÏ´Ù¡¯¶ó´Â ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. (B) ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÌ °í¾çÀÌÀÇ ¹è ÁÖÀ§¸¦ ³Ê¹« ½ÉÇÏ°Ô ²À ²¸¾È´Â´Ù´Â ¹®¸ÆÀ̹ǷΠsqueeze(²À ²¸¾È´Ù, ²Ë Áã´Ù)°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. release´Â ¡®Ç®´Ù¡¯¶ó´Â ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. (C) ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÌ °í¾çÀÌ¿Í ¸¸³ª°í Á¢ÃËÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È¿¡ °í¾çÀ̸¦ ´©¸£°Ô ÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó´Â ¹®¸ÆÀ̹ǷΠencounters(¸¸³²)°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. substitutionÀº ¡®´ë¿ë, ´ëü¡¯¶ó´Â ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. (±¸¹®) ¡¦ _make_ them _hate_ being carried for life.: make´Â »ç¿ªµ¿»çÀ̸ç, ¸ñÀû°Ýº¸¾î·Î µ¿»ç¿øÇü hate°¡ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ µ¿»ç hateÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î·Î ¼öµ¿ÅÂÀÎ being carried°¡ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * tolerant: °ü´ëÇÑ, ¹¬ÀÎÇÏ´Â * grab: ¿òÄÑÀâ´Ù * belly: ¹è, º¹ºÎ * for life: ÇÊ»çÀûÀ¸·Î * hold down: ¾ï´©¸£´Ù 33. Çؼ®: À§ÀÇ ²ÉÀº °Ñ¸éÀ» ¶È¹Ù·Î ÃÄ´Ùº¼ ¶§ ¿øÇü ¸ð¾çÀ¸·Î ÇǾî ÀÖ´Ù. ²É Áß¾Ó¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇØ ÀÖ´Â ´ÜÃß ¸ð¾çÀÇ ±¸Á¶´Â »ç½Ç ¹Ý»óÈ­(disk flower)¶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â ¸¹Àº ÀÛÀº ²Éµé·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ¹Ý»óÈ­µéÀº ¼³»óÈ­(ray flower)¶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â, ¿ø·¡´Â °³°³ÀÇ ²ÉµéÀÎ ²ÉÀÙµéÀ» _Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù/¡æ ²ÉÀٵ鿡 µÑ·¯½Î¿© ÀÖ´Ù_. ¼³»óÈ­µéÀº ¹Ý»óÈ­ÀÇ °¡ÀåÀÚ¸®·ÎºÎÅÍ ¹æ»ç»óÀ¸·Î ÆÛÁ® ³ª¿Í Àüü ²ÉÀÇ ³¡¸Ó¸®±îÁö À̸£°í ÀÖ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ¼ø¼­¸¦ ÅëÇØ ½±°Ô ÀÌ ²ÉÀ» ±×¸± ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¸ÕÀú, ²ÉÀÇ ¸ð¾çÀ» »ó»óÇϸ鼭 ²ÉÀ» 4µîºÐÇÏ´Â µÎ °³ÀÇ Á¡¼±À» ±×·Á¶ó. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¼³»óÈ­¸¦ Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ±×¸®°í ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¾îµð¸¦ ±×¸®°í ÀÖ´ÂÁö ³õÄ¡Áö ¾Ê°í µû¶ó°¥ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇØ ÁØ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½, µÎ °³ÀÇ ¿øÇü À±°û¼±À» ±×·Á¶ó. Áï ¾ÈÂÊ ¼±Àº ¹Ý»óÈ­ÀÇ ¿Ü°û¼±À» Ç¥½ÃÇÏ°í ¹Ù±ù ¼±Àº ¼³»óÈ­ÀÇ Å©±â¸¦ Ç¥½ÃÇÑ´Ù. ±×·± ´ÙÀ½, ¾ÈÂÊ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¿øÀ» ¹Ý»óÈ­·Î ä¿ì°í ¹Ù±ùÂÊ ¿øÀº ¼³»óÈ­·Î ä¿ö¶ó. (Çؼ³) ±×¸²À» º¸¸é ¼³»óÈ­(ray flower)°¡ ¹Ý»óÈ­(disk flower)ÀÇ ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¹Ù±ùÂÊÀ» µÑ·¯½Î°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¨è include¸¦ ¡®µÑ·¯½ÎÀÌ´Ù¡¯´Â ¶æÀÇ are surrounded by·Î °íÃÄ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (±¸¹®) ¡¦ draw two dotted lines that will _quarter_ the flower, _imagining its shape_.: quarter´Â µ¿»ç·Î ¡®4µîºÐÇÏ´Ù¡¯¶ó´Â Àǹ̷Π¾²¿´À¸¸ç, imagining its shape´Â µ¿½Ãµ¿ÀÛÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ºÐ»ç±¸¹®ÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * spread: (²É µîÀÌ) ÇÇ´Ù, ÆÛÁö´Ù * structure: ±¸Á¶ * radiate: ¹æ»ç»óÀ¸·Î ÆÛÁö´Ù * procedure: ¼ø¼­, ÀýÂ÷ * dotted line: Á¡¼± * guideline: À±°û¼±; Áöħ 34. Çؼ®: ¼º°øÀûÀÎ °¡¸ÍÁ¡ »ç¾÷ÀÇ ¿­¼è´Â ¡®±ÕÀϼº¡¯À̶ó´Â ÇÑ ´Ü¾î·Î Ç¥ÇöµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. 1970³â´ë ÃÊ¿¡ ÇÑ ³óÃÌ ¿îµ¿°¡´Â »õ·ÎÀÌ _ºÎ»óÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â_ ÆнºÆ®Çªµå »ê¾÷À» °Å´ë ±â¾÷¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Áö¹èµÇ´Â ½ÄÇ° °æÁ¦·Î ³ª¾Æ°¡´Â ¼ö¼øÀ¸·Î º¸¾Ò´Ù. ±×°¡ °ÆÁ¤Çß´ø °ÍÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀÌ Çö½Ç·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. ÆнºÆ®Çªµå »ê¾÷ÀÇ ¾öû³­ ¼º°øÀº ´Ù¸¥ »ê¾÷üµé·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý À¯»çÇÑ »ç¾÷ ¹æ¹ýÀ» _Àû¿ëÇϵµ·Ï_ ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. ÆнºÆ®ÇªµåÀÇ À̸鿡 ÀÖ´Â ±âº»ÀûÀÎ »ý°¢Àº ¼Ò±Ô¸ð »ç¾÷ü¸¦ ´Ù _¾ø¾Ö ¹ö¸®°í_ Áö¿ªÀûÀÎ Â÷À̸¦ Á¦°ÅÇϸ鼭 ¿À´Ã³¯ °æÁ¦ÀÇ ¿î¿µ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ µÇ¾î ¹ö·È´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¼¼°èÀÇ ¾î´À °÷¿¡¼­µç, ¼¼°èÀûÀ¸·Î À¯¸íÇÑ ÆнºÆ®Çªµå ½Ä´ç¿¡ µé¾î°£´Ù¸é °ÅÀÇ °°Àº ¸ÀÀ» ³»´Â À½½ÄÀ» ±¸ÀÔÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µÈ´Ù. 132ÂÊ (Çؼ³) (A) ÆнºÆ®Çªµå »ê¾÷ÀÇ µµ·¡¿Í ¼ºÀå, ¼º°øÀ» ³íÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ±ÛÀ̹ǷΠ¡®»õ·ÎÀÌ ºÎ»óÇÏ´Â, ½ÅÈïÀÇ¡¯ÀÇ ¶æÀ» °¡Áø emergingÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. decliningÀº ¡®¼èÅðÇϴ¡¯ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. (B) µÚ ¹®Àå¿¡ ÀÖ´Â has become the operating systemÀ̶ó´Â ¸»À» º¸¸é ´Ù¸¥ »ê¾÷üµéµµ ÆнºÆ®Çªµå »ê¾÷ÀÇ »ç¾÷ ¹æ½ÄÀ» ¡®Àû¿ëÇß°í¡¯ ±×°ÍÀÌ °æÁ¦ ¿î¿µ ü°è°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀ̹ǷΠadopt°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏÀÌ´Ù. avoid´Â ¡®ÇÇÇÏ´Ù¡¯¶ó´Â ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. (C) ¼¼°è ¾î´À °÷¿¡¼­µç °°Àº ¸ÀÀ» ³»´Â À½½ÄÀ» ¸ÔÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ µÚ¿¡ À̾îÁø´Ù. ÀÌ´Â °á±¹ Áö¿ªÀû Â÷ÀÌ(regional differences)¸¦ ¡®¾ø¾Ø´Ù¡¯´Â ¶æÀ̹ǷΠeliminatingÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. encouragingÀº ¡®°Ý·ÁÇϴ¡¯À̶ó´Â ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. (±¸¹®) ¡¦ a farm activist _viewed_ the emerging fast-food industry as a step toward a food economy 46^^_dominated by giant corporations_.: ÀüüÀûÀ¸·Î 'view A as B'ÀÇ ±¸Á¶¸¦ °¡Áö¸ç, dominated ¡¦ corporations´Â ¾Õ¿¡ ³ª¿Â a food economy¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÑ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * successful: ¼º°øÀûÀÎ * express: Ç¥ÇöÇÏ´Ù * dominate: Áö¹èÇÏ´Ù * giant corporation: ´ë±â¾÷ * tremendous: ±²ÀåÇÑ, °Å´ëÇÑ * wipe out: ÀϼÒÇÏ´Ù * regional: Áö¿ªÀûÀÎ * purchase: »ç´Ù, ±¸ÀÔÇÏ´Ù 35. Çؼ®: ³ª»ç¸øÀº ÀÛ¿ë·ÂÀ» ¹è°¡½ÃÅ°´Â ´Ü¼øÇÑ ±â°èÀû ÀåÄ¡ÀÌ´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀÌ ³ª»ç¸ø¿¡ °¡ÇÏ´Â ÈûÀº ÀÛ¿ë·ÂÀ̶ó°í ºÎ¸£°í ¹Ý¸é¿¡ ÀÛ¿ë·Â¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹ÝÀÀÀ¸·Î ¹°Ã¼¿¡ °¡ÇØÁö´Â ÈûÀº Ãâ·Â(output force)À̶ó°í ºÎ¸¥´Ù. ³ª¼±Çü À¶±âµéÀÌ ³ª»ç¸øÀÇ ³ª»ç»êµéÀÌ´Ù. _³ª»ç¸øÀÇ ¸Ó¸®/¡æ ³ª»ç»ê_¿¡¼­ ³ª»ç»ê±îÁöÀÇ °Å¸®¸¦ ÇÇÄ¡¶ó°í ºÎ¸¥´Ù. ±×¸²À» º¸¸é ³ª»çÀÇ ¸Ó¸®¸¦ µ¹·Á ¾î¶»°Ô ³ª»ç¸øÀ» ¹°Ã¼ ¼ÓÀ¸·Î µé¾î°¡°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ³ª»ç¸øÀÇ ¸Ó¸®¸¦ µÑ·¯½Î°í ÀÖ´Â °£°ÝÀº ÀÛ¿ë·ÂÀÌ ¿òÁ÷ÀÌ´Â °£°Ý°ú °ü·ÃÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. Ãâ·ÂÀÌ Åë°úÇØ ¿òÁ÷ÀÌ´Â °Å¸®´Â ³ª»ç¸øÀÇ ÇÇÄ¡¿Í ÀÏÄ¡ÇÑ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ±×¸²À» º¸¸é ³ª»ç¸øÀÇ ³ª»ç»ê°ú ³ª»ç»ê »çÀÌÀÇ °Å¸®°¡ ÇÇÄ¡(pitch)À̹ǷÎ, ¨è head¸¦ thread·Î °íÃÄ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (±¸¹®) The diagram shows 46^^_how turning the head of the screw can cause_ the screw to move into the object.: µ¿»ç showsÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î·Î how°¡ À̲ô´Â °£Á¢Àǹ®¹® 'Àǹ®»ç+ÁÖ¾î+µ¿»ç ~'°¡ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * screw: ³ª»ç, ³ª»ç¸ø * multiply: ¹è°¡½ÃÅ°´Ù * whereas: ¹Ý¸é¿¡ * in response to: ~¿¡ ¹ÝÀÀÇÏ¿© * thread: ³ª»ç»ê; ½Ç * distance: °Å¸®, °£°Ý * correspond to: ~¿¡ ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Ù 36. Çؼ®: ¾î´À Á¤µµ·Î¶óµµ À½¾Ç¿¡ ¹ÝÀÀÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â »ç¶÷Àº °ÅÀÇ ¾ø´Ù. À½¾ÇÀÇ ÈûÀº ´Ù¾çÇÏ¸ç »ç¶÷µéÀº ´Ù¸£°Ô ¹ÝÀÀÇÑ´Ù. ¾î¶² »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô À½¾ÇÀº ÁÖ·Î ±×°Í¿¡ ¸ÂÃß¾î ÃãÀ» Ã߰ųª ¸öÀ» ¿òÁ÷ÀÌ´Â _º»´ÉÀûÀÌ°í_ ½Å³ª´Â ¼Ò¸®ÀÌ´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀº À½¾ÇÀÇ ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ µéÀ¸·Á Çϰųª, À½¾ÇÀÇ Çü½Ä°ú ±¸Á¶¿¡ ÁöÀûÀ¸·Î Á¢±ÙÇÏ¿© ±×°ÍÀÇ Çü½ÄÀû ÆÐÅÏÀ̳ª µ¶Ã¢¼ºÀ» _°¨»óÇÑ´Ù_. ±×·¯³ª ¹«¾ùº¸´Ùµµ, ¾î¶² Á¾·ùÀÇ À½¾Ç¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °¨µ¿¹ÞÁö ¾Ê´Â »ç¶÷Àº °ÅÀÇ ¾ø´Ù. À½¾ÇÀº °¨Á¤ÀÇ Àü ¹üÀ§¸¦ _¸Á¶óÇÑ´Ù_. ±×°ÍÀº ¿ì¸®¸¦ ±â»Ú°Ô ȤÀº ½½ÇÁ°Ô, ¹«±â·ÂÇÏ°Ô È¤Àº ±â¿î ³ÑÄ¡°Ô ¸¸µé ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¾î¶² À½¾ÇÀº ±× ¹ÛÀÇ ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ÀØÀ» ¶§±îÁö ¸¶À½À» ¾ÐµµÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ¹«ÀǽĿ¡ ÀÛ¿ëÇؼ­ ºÐÀ§±â¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î ³»°Å³ª °í¾ç½ÃÄÑ ÁÖ¸ç ±íÀº ±â¾ïµéÀ» Ç®¾î³½´Ù. (Çؼ³) (A) À½¾Ç¿¡ ¸ÂÃß¾î ÃãÀ» Ã߰ųª ¸öÀ» ¿òÁ÷ÀÌ´Â °ÍÀº º»´ÉÀûÀ¸·Î ¼Ò¸®¿¡ ¹ÝÀÀÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̹ǷΠ¡®º»´ÉÀûÀΡ¯À̶ó´Â ¶æÀÇ instinctive°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. inactive´Â ¡®È°µ¿ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â¡¯ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. (B) À½¾Ç¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÁöÀûÀÎ Á¢±ÙÀ» ÇÑ´Ù°í ÇßÀ¸¹Ç·Î, À½¾ÇÀ» °¨»óÇÑ´Ù´Â ¸»ÀÌ ³ª¿Í¾ß ÇϹǷΠappreciatingÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. confusingÀº ¡®È¥¶õ½º·¯¿î¡¯ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. (C) ´ÙÀ½ ¹®ÀåÀÌ ¿©·¯ °¡Áö °¨Á¤À» ¾ð±ÞÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î °¨Á¤ÀÇ ¸ðµç ¹üÀ§¸¦ ¸Á¶óÇÑ´Ù´Â ¸»ÀÌ ³ª¿Í¾ß ÇϹǷΠcover°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. remove´Â ¡®Á¦°ÅÇÏ´Ù¡¯ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. (±¸¹®) It works on 46^^_the subconscious, creating or enhancing mood and unlocking deep memories_.: the subconscious´Â 'the+Çü¿ë»ç'·Î Ãß»ó¸í»çÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»¾î ¡®¹«Àǽġ¯À̶ó´Â Àǹ̷Π»ç¿ëµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, creating, enhancing mood, unlocking deep memories´Â µ¿½Ãµ¿ÀÛÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ºÐ»ç±¸¹®À¸·Î, and·Î ¿¬°áµÇ¾î º´·Ä ±¸Á¶¸¦ ÀÌ·ç°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * diverse: ´Ù¾çÇÑ * instinctive: º»´ÉÀûÀÎ * inactive: È°¹ßÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº * intellectual: ÁöÀûÀÎ * approach: Á¢±Ù, ¿¬±¸ * construction: ±¸Á¶, ±¸¼º * originality: µ¶Ã¢¼º * cover: Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Ù, ¸Á¶óÇÏ´Ù * unlock: ¿­´Ù, Åоî³õ´Ù 37. Çؼ®: »ç¹°À» ½Äº°ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº °ÅÀÇ ºÐ¸®µÇ¾î ÀϾÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¾ó±¼À» ¾Ë¾Æº¸´Â °Íµµ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö´Â µí ÇÏ´Ù. ±×¸² A¿¡ Á¦½ÃµÈ ¾ó±¼ÀÇ ºÎºÐÀ¸·Î º¼ ¶§, ¾î¶°ÇÑ µÎ°³°ñÀÇ À¶±â³ª ¼±µµ À̸ñ±¸ºñ¸¦ ¹¦»çÇϱ⿡ ÃæºÐÇÒ °ÍÀ̶ó´Â Á¡¿¡ ÁÖ¸ñÇ϶ó. ±×·¯³ª ±× À̸ñ±¸ºñµéÀÌ ±×¸² B¿¡ ³ª¿Â °Íó·³ ¹è°æÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ºÐ¸®µÉ ¶§ °á°ú´Â ´Ù¸¦ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸² BÀÇ À̸ñ±¸ºñµéÀº ±â 133ÂÊ º»ÀûÀ¸·Î ±×¸² AÀÇ ±×°Íµé°ú µ¿ÀÏÇÏÁö¸¸, ¹è°æ¿¡¼­ ºÐ¸®µÇ¸é, ±×°ÍµéÀº ½Äº°ÇϱⰡ ´õ ¾î·Á¿öÁø´Ù. ±×¸² C¿¡¼­Ã³·³, ¿ì¸®´Â ´Üµ¶À¸·Î Á¦½ÃµÇ¾úÀ» ¶§ ¾ó±¼ÀÇ À̸ñ±¸ºñµéÀ» ºÐ¸íÇÏ°Ô È®ÀÎÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ½ÇÁ¦·Î ±×¸² B¿¡¼­º¸´Ù ´õ _´Ü¼øÈ­µÈ /¡æ »ó¼¼ÇÑ_ Ç¥½Ã¸¦ ¿äÇÑ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­, ¸Æ¶ô¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÀÌÇØ°¡ ¾È¸é È®ÀÎ °úÁ¤¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¼¼ºÎ »çÇ× ºÎÁ·À» º¸ÃæÇØ ÁØ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ±×¸² B¿Í C¸¦ ºñ±³ÇÒ ¶§ ±×¸² C°¡ Bº¸´Ù º¸´Ù ´õ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÏ°Ô Á¦½ÃµÇ¾î ½Äº°Çϱ⠽±´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ¨ê simplified¸¦ detailed·Î °íÃÄ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (±¸¹®) Notice that _when seen_ as part of a face presented in Figure A, any bump or line will be sufficient to depict a feature.: µ¿»ç noticeÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î·Î ¾²ÀÎ thatÀý¿¡¼­ when ¡¦ Figure A´Â ¶§¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ºÎ»çÀýÀ̸ç, ºÐ»ç seenÀÇ Àǹ̻ó ÁÖ¾î´Â µÚ¿¡ ³ª¿À´Â any bump or lineÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡ °ú°ÅºÐ»ç°¡ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * identification: ½Å¿øÀÇ È®ÀÎ * isolation: ºÐ¸®, °í¸³ * bump: µÎ»ó, À¶±â, Ȥ * feature: ¾ó±¼ »ý±è»õ * context: ¸Æ¶ô, »óȲ * identical: µ¿ÀÏÇÑ * identifiable: µ¿ÀÏÇÔÀ» Áõ¸íÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â * presentation: Ç¥½Ã * unambiguously: ¸í¹éÇÏ°Ô * compensate: º¸ÃæÇÏ´Ù 38. Çؼ®: °í·¡ÀÇ ½Ã´ë´Â ºü¸£°Ô Á¾¸»·Î ÇâÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¾î¶² °í·¡ÀÇ Á¾µéÀº ÀÌ¹Ì _¸êÁ¾Çß´Ù_. ´Ù¸¥ Á¾µéÀº ±×µéÀÌ ¹ø½ÄÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °Íº¸´Ù ºü¸£°Ô ¼ö°¡ °¨¼ÒÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. °í·¡°¡ »ç¶óÁö¸é, ¿ì¸®°¡ ¾Ë°í ÀÖµíÀÌ ¹Ù´å¼ÓÀÇ Àüü »ý¸íÀÇ »ç½½ÀÌ _¾û¸ÁÀÌ µÉ_ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í °á±¹ ÀÌ°ÍÀº Àΰ£ÀÇ »ýÈ°¿¡µµ Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ ¿µÇâÀ» ³¢Ä¡°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ºñ·Ï ¸î¸î Á¤ºÎµéÀÌ Á¶ÀÎÇÑ ±¹Á¦ Çù¾àÀÌ ÀÖÁö¸¸, »ç¶÷µéÀº ¹Ì·¡¿¡ ¾î¶² _°á°ú¸¦_ ³º°Ô µÉÁö °í·ÁÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í °í·¡¸¦ Á×ÀÌ°í ÀÖ´Ù. Áö±¸ÀÇ Ä£±¸ÀÎ °í·¡¸¦ ±¸ÇÏÀÚ. (Çؼ³) (A) ù ¹®Àå¿¡ approaching its end¶ó´Â ¸»ÀÌ ³ª¿À±â ¶§¹®¿¡ °í·¡°¡ ¡®¸êÁ¾ÇÑ´Ù¡¯´Â ¸»ÀÌ ³ª¿À´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¡®¹«ÇÑÇÑ¡¯À» ¶æÇÏ´Â infinite°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ ¡®¸êÁ¾ÇÑ¡¯À̶ó´Â ¶æÀÇ extinct°¡ ³ª¿Í¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (B) °í·¡°¡ ÁÙ¾îµå´Â °ÍÀº ¹Ù´ÙÀÇ »ýÅ°踦 ¡®¾û¸ÁÀÌ µÇ°Ô¡¯ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̹ǷΠupsetÀÌ ³ª¿Í¾ß ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. stableÀº ¡®¾ÈÁ¤ÀûÀΡ¯À̶ó´Â ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. (C) »ç¶÷µéÀÌ °í·¡¸¦ Á×ÀÌ´Â °ÍÀº ¹Ì·¡ÀÇ °á°ú°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô µÉÁö¸¦ »ý°¢ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀ̹ǷΠ¡®°á°ú¡¯¶ó´Â ¶æÀÇ consequences°¡ ³ª¿À´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. convenience´Â ¡®Æí¸®¡¯¶ó´Â ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. (±¸¹®) Others _are being reduced_ in number faster than they can reproduce.: ÁøÇàÇü ¼öµ¿Å´ 'beµ¿»ç£«being£«°ú°ÅºÐ»ç'ÀÇ ÇüŸ¦ °®´Â´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * species: Á¾ * extinct: ¸êÁ¾ÇÑ * reproduce: ¹ø½ÄÇÏ´Ù * agreement: ÇùÁ¤ * consequence: °á°ú 39. Çؼ®: ¹ß·¹ ¹«¿ë°¡°¡ Å« Á¡ÇÁ µ¿ÀÛÀ¸·Î ¹«´ë¸¦ °¡·ÎÁú·¯ µµ¾àÇÒ ¶§, ±×³àÀÇ Áú·® Áß½ÉÀº Á¡ÇÁÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È Ãæ½ÇÈ÷ Æ÷¹°¼± ±ËÀûÀ» µû¸¥´Ù. ±×³àÀÇ ¸Ó¸® ²À´ë±â¿Í Áú·® Á᫐ »çÀÌÀÇ °Å¸®´Â ±×³àÀÇ ´Ù¸® µ¿ÀÛ¿¡ µû¶ó º¯ÇÑ´Ù. ±×³àÀÇ ¹ßÀÌ ¹«´ë¸¦ ¹þ¾î³­ ÈÄ ´Ù¸®¸¦ ¼öÆòÀ¸·Î »¸À» ¶§, ±×³àÀÇ Áú·® Áß½ÉÀº À§·Î À̵¿ÇÑ´Ù. ±× °á°ú ±×³àÀÇ ¸Ó¸® ²À´ë±â¿Í Áú·® Á᫐ »çÀÌÀÇ °Å¸®°¡ _Áõ°¡/¡æ °¨¼Ò_ÇÑ´Ù. ´ëÁ¶ÀûÀ¸·Î, ¹«¿ë°¡°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ´Ù¸®¸¦ ¶¥À» ÇâÇÏ¿© ³·Ãâ ¶§, ¹Ý´ë Çö»óÀÌ ÀϾ´Ù. ±×³àÀÇ ¸Ó¸® ²À´ë±âÀÇ ³ôÀÌ´Â Á¡ÇÁÇÏ´Â ³»³» ÀÏÁ¤ÇÏ´Ù. ±× °á°ú·Î ¹«¿ë°¡°¡ °øÁßÀ» ¶á ä·Î ³ª¾Æ°¡°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â ÀλóÀ» ÁÖ°Ô µÈ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ±×¸²À¸·Î º¼ ¶§ µÎ ¹ø° ´Ü°è¿¡¼­ ¹«¿ë°¡°¡ ´Ù¸®¸¦ ¼öÆòÀ¸·Î »¸À» ¶§, ¹«°Ô Áß½ÉÀº ¿Ã¶ó°¡Áö¸¸, ¸Ó¸®ÀÇ ³ôÀÌ´Â º¯ÇÏÁö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¸Ó¸®³¡°ú Áú·® Á߽ɰúÀÇ °Å¸®´Â ÁÙ¾îµé°Ô µÈ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ¨é increase¸¦ decrease³ª reductionÀ¸·Î °íÃÄ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. À̶§ ¾ÕÀÇ °ü»ç anÀº a·Î ¹Ù²Ù¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (±¸¹®) _The distance_ between the top of her head and her center of mass _changes_ ~.: Á־ ´Ü¼öÀÎ The distanceÀ̹ǷΠµ¿»çÀÇ ¼öµµ ÀÌ¿¡ ÀÏÄ¡½ÃÄÑ changes°¡ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * leap: ¶Ù´Ù * grand: ¿õÀåÇÑ * mass: Áú·® * faithfully: Ãæ½ÇÈ÷ * parabolic: Æ÷¹°¼±ÀÇ * stretch: »¸´Ù * horizontally: ¼öÆòÀ¸·Î * result in: ~ÀÇ °á°ú¸¦ ³º´Ù * in contrast: ´ëÁ¶ÀûÀ¸·Î * lower: ³·Ãß´Ù * opposite: ¹Ý´ë * occur: ÀϾ´Ù * throughout: ~Àüü¿¡, ³»³» * impression: Àλó * drift: Ç¥·ùÇÏ´Ù 40. Çؼ®: ¿ì¸®°¡ ¹Ù³ª³ª¸¦ ÀÚÁÖ ¸Ô±â´Â ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±×°Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¸¹ÀÌ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷Àº °ÅÀÇ ¾ø´Ù. ¹Ù³ª³ª ³ª¹«´Â ¸ñÁú·Î µÈ ÁٱⰡ ¾ø´Â, Áö»ó¿¡¼­ °¡Àå Å« ½Ä¹°ÀÌ´Ù. ÁÙ±â´Â ¸¹Àº ¾çÀÇ ¼öºÐÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°í ÀÖ°í ¸÷½Ã _°¡³ÇÇÁ´Ù_. ±×°ÍÀÌ 1³â ¸¸¿¡ 20ÇÇÆ® ³ôÀ̱îÁö À̸¦ ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸ ¿ÂÈ­ÇÑ ¹Ù¶÷Á¶Â÷µµ ±×°ÍÀ» _ºÒ¾î ³Ñ¾î°¡°Ô_ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. °úÀϴ볪 ¼ÛÀÌ´Â »ª»ªÀÌ ½Ñ ³ª¹µÀÙ µ¤°³¸¦ _¶Õ°í_ õõÈ÷ 134ÂÊ ¼ºÀåÇÏ´Â °¢°¢ 10°³¿¡¼­ 20°³ÀÇ ¼Õ°¡¶ôÀ» °®°í ÀÖ´Â ÀÏ°ö °³¿¡¼­ ¾ÆÈ© °³ÀÇ ¼ÛÀÌ·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ±×µéÀÌ Àͱ⠹ٷΠÀü¿¡ »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×°ÍµéÀ» µû¼­ Æ÷ÀåÇÏ°í ¸¶Ä§³» ¿ì¸® Áö¿ªÀÇ ½´ÆÛ¸¶ÄÏÀ¸·Î ¹è´ÞÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. (Çؼ³) (A) ¹Ù³ª³ª ³ª¹«ÀÇ ÁٱⰡ ¡®°¡³ÇÇÂ(delicate)¡¯À̶ó°í ÇØ¾ß ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. deliberate´Â ¡®°íÀÇÀûÀΡ¯À̶ó´Â ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. (B) Á־ windsÀ̹ǷΠ¡®ºÒ¾î ³Ñ¾î°¡°Ô ÇÏ´Ù¡¯´Â blow°¡ ³ª¿Í¾ß ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. glow´Â ¡®ºû³ª´Ù¡¯¶ó´Â ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. (C) ³ª¹µÀÙ µ¤°³¸¦ ¶Õ°í ÀÚ¶ó³­´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀ̹ǷΠµ¿»ç grow ´ÙÀ½¿¡ through°¡ ³ª¿Í¾ß ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. thorough´Â Çü¿ë»ç·Î ¡®Ã¶ÀúÇÑ¡¯À̶ó´Â ÀǹÌÀ̹ǷΠ¿©±â¼­´Â ÀûÀýÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù. (±¸¹®) The fruit stem or bunch is made up of seven to nine hands, _each containing_ 10 to 20 fingers ~.: each containing ÀÌÇÏ´Â ºÐ»ç±¸¹®À¸·Î, ºÐ»ç±¸¹®ÀÇ Àǹ̻ó Á־ ÁÖÀýÀÇ ÁÖ¾î¿Í ´Ù¸£±â ¶§¹®¿¡ Àǹ̻ó ÁÖ¾îÀÎ each¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, and each contains ~·Î ¹Ù²Ü ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * woody: ³ª¹«ÀÇ, ¸ñÁúÀÇ * stem: ÀÙÀÚ·ç, ÁÙ±â, ´ë * trunk: ÁÙ±â * deliberate: °èȹÀûÀÎ, ½ÅÁßÇÑ * delicate: ¼¶¼¼ÇÑ, °¡³ÇÇ * moderate: ¿Â°ÇÇÑ, Àû´çÇÑ * blow down: ºÒ¾î ¾²·¯¶ß¸®´Ù * glow: Ÿ´Ù, ºû³ª´Ù * contain: Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Ù 41. Çؼ®: ÀÚÀü°Å´Â Ÿ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¹ß·Î Æä´ÞÀ» ¹â´Â, µÎ ¹ÙÄû·Î µÈ Á¶Á¾ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±â°èÀÌ´Ù. ¹ÙÄûµéÀº ÀÏ·Ä·Î ±Ý¼Ó »À´ë ¾È¿¡ ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î Àִµ¥, ¾Õ¹ÙÄû´Â ȸÀü½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Æ÷Å©(°¥·¡)¿¡ ºÙ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. »À´ë´Â ¸¶¸§¸ð²ÃÀε¥ µÎ °³ÀÇ »ï°¢Çü ¸ð¾çÀÇ °üÀ¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ÁÖ »ï°¢ÇüÀº À§ÂÊ °ü, Á¼® °ü°ú ¾Æ·¡ÂÊ °üÀ¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î ÀÖ°í, _¾ÕÂÊ/¡æ µÚÂÊ_ »ï°¢ÇüÀº Á¼® °ü°ú üÀÎ ÁöÁö´ë¿Í Á¼® ÁöÁö´ë·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ¾ÈÀåÀº Á¼®°üÀÇ À§¿¡ ´Þ·Á ÀÖ´Ù. Ÿ´Â »ç¶÷Àº ¾ÈÀå¿¡ ¾É¾Æ Æ÷Å©¿¡ ºÎÂøµÈ Á¶Á¾°£À» µ¹¸®¸é¼­ Á¶Á¾À» ÇÑ´Ù. ¹ßÀº Å©·©Å©¿¡ ¿¬°áµÈ Æä´ÞÀ» µ¹¸°´Ù. (Çؼ³) ±×¸²À¸·Î º¸¾Æ ¸¶¸§¸ð²ÃÀÇ º»Ã¼¿¡¼­ Á¼® °üÀÌ ºÙ¾î ÀÖ´Â »ï°¢ÇüÀº ¾Õ »ï°¢ÇüÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï°í µÚÀÇ »ï°¢ÇüÀ̹ǷÎ, ¨é front¸¦ rear·Î °íÃÄ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (±¸¹®) ¡¦ 46^^_with the front wheel held_ in a rotatable fork.: 'with+¸ñÀû¾î+°ú°ÅºÐ»ç'·Î ºÎ´ë»óȲÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»¸ç, ¸ñÀû¾î°¡ µ¿ÀÛÀ» ¹Þ´Â ´ë»óÀ̹ǷΠ°ú°ÅºÐ»ç°¡ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * steerable: Á¶Á¾ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â * pedal: Æä´ÞÀ» ¹â¾Æ¼­ °¡´Ù * install: ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ´Ù * in-line: Á÷·ÄÀÇ, ÀÏ·Ä·Î ´Ã¾î¼± * rotatable: ȸÀü½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Â * fork: °¥Äû, °¥·¡ * triangle: »ï°¢Çü * tube: °ü * stay: ÁöÁÖ, ÁöÁö´ë * saddle: ¾ÈÀå * steer: Á¶Á¾ÇÏ´Ù, µ¹¸®´Ù * crank: Å©·©Å© ^[10°­ ³»¿ë ÀÏÄ¡¡¤ºÒÀÏÄ¡ º»¹® 159~176ÂÊ 01 ¨ë 02 ¨ë 03 ¨è 04 ¨é 05 ¨ê 06 ¨ë 07 ¨ê 08 ¨é 09 ¨ê 10 ¨ê 11 ¨ê 12 ¨ê 13 ¨ê 14 ¨ê 15 ¨ê 16 ¨é 17 ¨ê 18 ¨ë 19 ¨ë 20 ¨ê 21 ¨ë 22 ¨ë 23 ¨ë 24 ¨ê 25 ¨ë 26 ¨ë 27 ¨ë 28 ¨ë 29 ¨ê 30 ¨é 31 ¨é 32 ¨ë 33 ¨é 34 ¨ë 35 ¨ë 36 ¨ê 37 ¨ë 38 ¨è 39 ¨é 40 ¨ê 01. Çؼ®: Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier´Â ÇÁ¶û½ºÀÇ ¼öÇÐÀÚÀÌÀÚ ¹°¸®ÇÐÀÚ¿´´Ù. ±×°¡ ¿©´ü »ì ¶§ ±×ÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö°¡ »ç¸ÁÇß°í, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ºñ±ØÀÌ ÀÖÀº Áö ÀÏ ³âµµ ¾È µÇ¾î ±×ÀÇ ¾î¸Ó´Ï°¡ µ¹¾Æ°¡½Ã¸ç ±×¸¦ °í¾Æ·Î ³²°Ü ³õ¾Ò´Ù. ÇÑ ÀÚºñ·Î¿î ¿©ÀÎÀº ±×°¡ Áö¿ªÀÇ »ç°üÇб³¿¡ ´Ù´Ï´Â °ÍÀ» µµ¿ÍÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â Àå±³°¡ µÇ°í ½Í¾úÁö¸¸ ±×°¡ Àç´Ü»çÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀ̶ó´Â ÀÌÀ¯ ¶§¹®¿¡ Çã¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. 1795³â ±×´Â Æĸ® ?cole NormaleÀÇ ±³»ç°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù. Çõ¸í ÈÄ ±¤¶õÀÇ ±â°£ µ¿¾È ±×´Â ´ÜµÎ´ëÀÇ »ç¿ëÀ» ¹Ý´ëÇÑ´Ù´Â ÀÇ°ßÀ» ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ¹àÇû´Âµ¥, ±×°Í ¶§¹®¿¡ ±×´Â °ÅÀÇ ¸ñ¼ûÀ» ÀÒÀ» »·ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ³ªÆú·¹¿ËÀÌ 1798³â ÀÌÁýÆ®¸¦ ħ°øÇßÀ» ¶§, Fourier¿Í ´Ù¸¥ ÇÐÀÚµéÀº ±× ¿øÁ¤¿¡ ÇÔ²²Çß´Ù. ÇÁ¶û½º¿¡ µ¹¾Æ¿Â ÈÄ, Fourier´Â ¿­Àüµµ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×ÀÇ ¿¬±¸¸¦ ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ¿­Àüµµ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×ÀÇ ¼öÇÐÀû ÀÌ·ÐÀº ±×°¡ Áö¼ÓÀûÀÎ ¸í¼ºÀ» ¾ò°Ô ÇØ ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌÁýÆ®¿¡ ¸Ó¹«´Â µ¿¾È ±×´Â ÀÌ»óÇÑ Áúº´¿¡ °É·Á¼­ ±× º´ ¶§¹®¿¡ ³²Àº »ý¾Ö µ¿¾È ³­¹æÀÌ Àß µÈ ¹æ ¾È¿¡ °¤Çô »ì¾Æ¾ß¸¸ Çß´Ù. 1830³â 5¿ù 16ÀÏ Fourier´Â Æĸ®¿¡¼­ »ç¸ÁÇß´Ù. (Çؼ³) During his stay in Egypt he contracted a strange illness ~¿¡¼­ ÀÌÁýÆ®¿¡ ÀÖÀ» ¶§ ÀÌ»óÇÑ º´¿¡ °É¸° °ÍÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¨ë´Â ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. (±¸¹®) He wanted to become an officer but was not allowed _to_ because he was the son of a tailor.: was not allowed to¿¡¼­ to´Â µ¿»ç(±¸)ÀÇ ¹Ýº¹À» ÇÇÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â ´ëºÎÁ¤»çÀε¥, toÀÇ µÚ¿¡´Â become an officer°¡ »ý·«µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * mathematician: ¼öÇÐÀÚ * physicist: ¹°¸®ÇÐÀÚ * tragedy: ºñ±Ø * pass away: µ¹¾Æ°¡½Ã´Ù, »ç¸ÁÇÏ´Ù * orphan: °í¾Æ * charitable: ÀÚºñ·Î¿î * tailor: Àç´Ü»ç * frenzy: ±¤¶õ, ¹ßÀÛ * invade: ħ°øÇÏ´Ù * accompany: µ¿¹ÝÇÏ´Ù 135ÂÊ * expedition: ¿øÁ¤, ŽÇè * heat conduction: ¿­Àüµµ * contract: (º´¿¡) °É¸®´Ù * confine: °¡µÎ´Ù, °¨±ÝÇÏ´Ù 02. Çؼ®: ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ °í°íÇÐÀÚÀÌÀÚ ¹ÎÁ· ¿ª»çÇÐÀÚÀÎ Zelia Maria Magdalena NuttallÀº ÄÝ·³¹ö½º°¡ ¹Ì ´ë·úÀ» ¹ß°ßÇϱâ ÀÌÀüÀÇ ¹®È­¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¶»ç¿Í ¸ß½ÃÄÚ ¹ÎÁ·µé°ú ¸ß½ÃÄÚ ÅäÁ¾½Ä¹°¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¬±¸·Î ƯÈ÷ Àß ¾Ë·ÁÁ³´Ù. NuttallÀº µ¶ÀÚÀûÀÎ ¿¬±¸¸¦ ¼öÇàÇÏ°í ÇмúÁö¿¡ ¹ßÇ¥ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¾ÆÁÖ ÀÏÂï ÀÚ·ÂÀ¸·Î Ãâ¼Â±æÀ» °³Ã´ÇÑ ¶Ù¾î³­ ±â·Ï ¿¬±¸¿øÀÌÀÚ µ¶ÇÐÀ» ÇÑ °í°íÇÐÀÚ¿´´Ù. 30¼¼ ÀÌÀü¿¡ ±×³à´Â ÀÛ¾÷À» ±â¹ÝÀ¸·Î ´ë´ÜÈ÷ ±ÇÀ§ ÀÖ´Â ¸î¸î °úÇÐ ÇÐȸÀÇ È¸¿øÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×³à´Â ±â·Ï ÀÛ¾÷°ú °í°íÇÐÀû ¿¬±¸ÀÇ °á°ú¹°À» Àü½ÃÇß°í, ±×°ÍÀ» À¯·´°ú ¹Ì±¹¿¡ º¸¿©ÁÖ¾úÀ¸¸ç, (ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Àü½Ã¸¦ ÅëÇØ) 3°³ÀÇ ¸Þ´ÞÀ» ¼ö»óÇß´Ù. NuttallÀº ´ëÇÐ ±³¿øÀÇ ÀÏ¿øÀÌ °áÄÚ ¾Æ´Ï¾úÀ¸¸ç, »ç½Ç ±×·¯ÇÑ ÀÚ¸®°¡ ±×³à¿¡°Ô ºÎ¿©µÇ¾ú¾îµµ ±×³à°¡ ±×°ÍÀ» ¼ö¶ôÇß¾úÀ» °ÍÀ̶ó´Â ¾î¶°ÇÑ ¾Ï½Ãµµ ¾ø´Ù. ±×³à´Â °æ·Â Ãʱ⿡, 47³â°£ ÀçÁ÷Çß´ø Á÷Ã¥ÀÎ, ÇϹöµå ´ëÇÐÀÇ Peabody ¹Ú¹°°üÀÇ ¸ß½ÃÄÚ °í°íÇÐ ¸í¿¹ Á¶¼ö·Î ÀÓ¸íµÇ¾ú´Ù. (Çؼ³) Nuttall was never a part of university teaching faculty¿¡¼­ ±³¼ö·Î ÀçÁ÷ÇÑ ÀûÀº ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¨ë´Â ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. (±¸¹®) Nuttall was a brilliant archival researcher and self-trained archaeologist _who_ very early carved a career for herself _by pursuing_ independent research and _publishing_ in scholarly journals.: who ÀÌÇÏ´Â a brilliant archival researcher and self-trained archaeologist¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â °ü°èÀýÀÌ´Ù. 'by+-ing'´Â ¡®~ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á¡¯ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀε¥, ¿©±â¿¡¼­´Â pursuing ~°ú publishing ~ÀÌ by¿¡ ÀÇÇØ º´·Ä ±¸Á¶·Î ¿¬°áµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * archaeologist: °í°íÇÐÀÚ * ethnohistorian: ¹ÎÁ· ¿ª»çÇÐÀÚ * investigation: Á¶»ç * brilliant: ¶Ù¾î³­ * self-trained: µ¶ÇÐÀ» ÇÑ * carve a career for oneself: ÀÚ·ÂÀ¸·Î Ãâ¼Â±æÀ» °³Ã´ÇØ ³ª¾Æ°¡´Ù * scholarly journal: ÇмúÁö * prestigious: ±ÇÀ§ ÀÖ´Â * exhibit: Àü½Ã, Àü½Ã¹° * teaching faculty: ±³¼öÁø * appoint: ÀÓ¸íÇÏ´Ù * honorary: ¸í¿¹ÀÇ, ¸í¿¹Á÷ÀÇ 03. Çؼ®: Georgia O¡¯Keeffe´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¹Ì¼ú¿¡¼­ ¼±±¸ÀûÀÎ Á¤½Å°ú ´ë´ÜÈ÷ µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ ½ºÅ¸ÀÏÀ» ºÐ¸íÇÏ°Ô º¸¿©ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. South Carolina¿¡¼­ ¹Ì¼úÀ» °¡¸£Ä¡´ø 27¼¼ ¶§ O¡¯Keeffe´Â ÀڽŸ¸ÀÇ ¾ÆÀ̵ð¾î¿Í ´À³¦À» Ç¥ÇöÇÑ ´Ü¼øÇϸ鼭µµ Ãß»óÀûÀÎ ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ ¸ñźȭ¸¦ ±×¸®±â ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ±×³à´Â ÀÌ µå·ÎÀ×À» ´º¿å¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÇÑ Ä£±¸¿¡°Ô º¸³Â´Âµ¥, ±× Ä£±¸´Â ¿µÇâ·Â ÀÖ´Â °¶·¯¸® 291ÀÇ ¼ÒÀ¯ÀÚ Alfred Stieglitz¿¡°Ô ±×°ÍµéÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. Stieglitz´Â ±×°ÍµéÀ» ¡®°¡Àå ¼ø¼öÇÏ°í, ¼¶¼¼Çϸç, ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ ÀÛÇ°µé¡¯À̶ó°í È£ÆòÇß´Ù. O¡¯Keeffe°¡ ¿µ°¨À» ¾òÀº °¡Àå Å« ¿øõÀº ÀÚ¿¬À̾ú´Ù. ±×³àÀÇ °¡Àå Àß ¾Ë·ÁÁø ±×¸²µéÀº Ä¿´Ù¶õ, ±Øµµ·Î Ŭ·ÎÁî¾÷ÇÑ ²Éµé·Î, ±× ´Ü¼øÈ­µÇ°í È®´ëµÈ ¸ð½ÀÀº ¾î¿ ¼ö ¾øÀÌ ¿ì¸®°¡ ±×°ÍµéÀ» »õ·Î¿î ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ¹Ù¶óº¸°í ±×°ÍµéÀÇ ³»Àû Á¤¼ö¸¦ ¹ß°ßÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µç´Ù. µ¿½Ã¿¡ ±× ±×¸²µéÀº »ö°ú ¼±, ºû°ú ¾îµÒÀÇ Ãß»óÀûÀÎ ¹è¿­ÀÌ µÈ´Ù. New Mexico¿¡ ÀÖÀ» ¶§ ±×³à´Â ¶ÇÇÑ ¾îµµºñ ¾ç½ÄÀ¸·Î ÁöÀº ±³È¸µéÀÇ ´Ü¼øÇÑ ±âÇÏÇÐÀû ¿ì¾ÆÇÔ°ú »ç¸·ÀÇ Àå¾öÇÔ¿¡ ¸Å·áµÇ¾ú´Ù. (Çؼ³) She sent these drawings to a friend in New York ~¿¡¼­ µå·ÎÀ×À» ´º¿å¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÇÑ Ä£±¸¿¡°Ô º¸³½ °ÍÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¨è´Â ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. (±¸¹®) She sent these drawings to a friend in New York, _who_ showed them to Alfred Stieglitz, the owner of the influential gallery 291.: °è¼ÓÀû ¿ë¹ýÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÈ °ü°è´ë¸í»ç who°¡ À̲ô´Â °ü°èÀý who ¡¦ 291ÀÇ ¼±Çà»ç´Â a friendÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * pioneering: ¼±±¸ÀûÀÎ * intensely: °­·ÄÇÏ°Ô * abstract: Ãß»óÀûÀÎ * charcoal: ¸ñź * influential: ¿µÇâ·Â ÀÖ´Â * hail: È£ÆòÇÏ´Ù, ȯȣÇÏ¸ç ¸ÂÀÌÇÏ´Ù * inspiration: ¿µ°¨ * compel: ÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀÌ ~ÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Ù * essence: Á¤¼ö, ÇÙ½É * arrangement: ¹è¿­, ¹èÇÕ * geometric: ±âÇÏÇÐÀûÀÎ * majesty: Àå¾öÇÔ 04. Çؼ®: À¯¹°µé·Î ²Ë ä¿öÁø ä È«ÇØÀÇ ¸¼Àº ¹Ù´å¹° ¼Ó¿¡ ³õ¿© ÀÖ´Â Thistlegorm È£´Â Àá¼öºÎµé¿¡°Ô´Â ¸ðµç ³­Æļ±µé °¡¿îµ¥ ¾Æ¸¶µµ °¡Àå À¯¸íÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±× ¹èÀÇ ¸í¼ºÀº ´ë´ÜÈ÷ ¸¹Àº Àá¼öºÎµéÀÌ ¸ÅÀÏ ±× ¼±Ã¼ ±¸Á¶¹° »çÀÌ·Î ¾þµå·Á ±â´Â »ó´çÇÑ ´ë°¡¸¦ Ä¡·¯¼­ ³ª¿Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Thistlegorm È£´Â ÃÖÃÊ·Î 1950³â´ë¿¡ ¼¼°è Àá¼öÇùȸÀÇ °ü½ÉÀ» ¹Þ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Âµ¥, ±×¶§ ±× ¹è´Â Jacques Cousteau¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¹ß°ßµÇ°í ÃÔ¿µµÇ¾ú´Ù. ±× ¹èÀÇ À§Ä¡´Â ¿©°¡»ýÈ°·Î Àá¼ö¸¦ ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Àç¹ß°ßµÈ 1992³â±îÁö ºñ¹Ð·Î ³²¾Æ ÀÖ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ±× ÀÌÈÄ·Î ±× ¹è´Â È«ÇØ Àüü¿¡¼­ °¡Àå Àαâ ÀÖ´Â Àá¼ö¿ë(Àá¼öºÎµéÀ» À§ÇÑ) ³­Æļ±ÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. Thistlegorm È£´Â Á¦2Â÷ ¼¼°è´ëÀü ´ç½Ã ¹«ÀåÇÑ »ó¼±À̾úÀ¸¸ç, ±æÀÌ°¡ 126¹ÌÅÍ·Î ºÏ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¿µ±¹ Á¦8±º¿¡ º¸±ÞÇ°À» ¼ö¼ÛÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±× ¹è´Â ±â°è·ù¿Í ¹«±â·Î °¡µæ Â÷ ÀÖ¾úÀ¸¸ç, 1941³â 10¿ù 6ÀÏ, È«ÇØ ºÏºÎ¿¡¼­ µ¶ÀÏ Æø°Ý±â¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¹ß°ßµÇ¾ú´Ù. µÎ °³ÀÇ ÆøźÀÌ ±× ¹èÀÇ Á¦4 È­¹°Ã¢¿¡ ¹ÚÇô¼­ ±× ¹è¸¦ ¹ÝÀ¸·Î µ¿°­³»´Â °Å´ëÇÑ Æø¹ßÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Ä×´Ù. ±× ¹è´Â ¹Ù·Î ħ¸ôÇß°í ¾ÆÈ© ¸íÀÌ Èñ»ýµÇ¾ú´Ù. 136ÂÊ (Çؼ³) ³­Æļ± Thistlegorm È£´Â ¹«ÀåÇÑ »ó¼±À¸·Î ¿µ±¹ Á¦8±º¿¡ º¸±ÞÇ°À» ¼ö¼ÛÇÏ´Ù°¡ µ¶Àϱº¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Æø°ÝÀ» ´çÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¼­¼úµÇ¾úÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¨éÀº ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. (±¸¹®) ( _Being_) _Packed_ full of artifacts and lying in the clear waters of the Red Sea, the Thistlegorm is perhaps the most famous of all shipwrecks for divers.: BeingÀÌ »ý·«µÈ ºÐ»ç±¸¹®À¸·Î, ¡®~ÇÏ¿©¡¯³ª ¡®~ÇÑ »óÅ·Ρ¯ÀÇ Àǹ̷ΠÇؼ®µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * be packed full of: ~·Î ²Ë ä¿öÁ® ÀÖ´Ù * artifact: ¹®È­ À¯¹°, Àΰø¹° * shipwreck: ³­Æļ±, Á¶³­¼± * come at a price: »ó´çÇÑ ´ë°¡¸¦ Ä¡·¯¼­ ³ª¿À´Ù * crawl: (¾þµå·Á) ±â´Ù * armed: ¹«ÀåÇÑ * merchant vessel: »ó¼± * supplies: º¸±ÞÇ°, °ø±ÞÇ° * machinery: ±â°è·ù * spot: ¹ß°ßÇÏ´Ù * enter: (źȯ µîÀÌ) ¹ÚÈ÷´Ù * hold: È­¹°Ã¢, ¼±Ã¢ * huge: °Å´ëÇÑ, ¾öû³­ * explosion: Æø¹ß 05. Çؼ®: Gregorio Dati´Â FlorenceÀÇ ¼º°øÇÑ »óÀÎÀ¸·Î, ÀÌÀ±ÀÌ ³²´Â ¸¹Àº Çù·Â °ü°è¸¦ ¸Î°í ¾çÅÐ, ºñ´Ü, ±×¸®°í ´Ù¸¥ »óÇ° Àå»ç¸¦ Çß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×ÀÇ ÀÏÀº, ƯÈ÷ ÃʱâºÎÅÍ, ¹®¿¹ºÎÈï ½Ã´ë »ç¾÷ÀÇ Æ¯Â¡ÀÎ ÆĶõ¸¸ÀåÇÔÀ» °Þ¾ú´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é, ±×´Â ÀþÀº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀüÇüÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÏ´ø ¿ªÇÒÀÎ, »ç¾÷ÀÇ ¿©Çà ÆÄÆ®³Ê·Î¼­ ½ºÆäÀÎÀ¸·Î °¡´Â ±æ¿¡, ÇØÀûµé¿¡°Ô ÁøÁÖ À§Å¹ÆǸÅÇ°À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ±×ÀÇ ¸ðµç »óÇ°°ú ±×ÀÇ ¿ÊÀ» ¾àÅ»´çÇß´Ù. ºÎºÐÀûÀ¸·Î´Â ³× ¹øÀÇ ÀÕµû¸¥ °áÈ¥À» ÅëÇØ ±×´Â ±×·± ¼Õ½ÇÀ» ȸº¹Çß´Ù. Àλý ÈĹݿ¡ ±×´Â ½Ã Á¤ºÎ¿¡¼­ ¿©·¯ Á÷Ã¥À» ¸Ã´Â ¿µ¿¹¸¦ ¾ò¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â ¿©·¯ ÇØ¿¡ °ÉÃÄ ¡®Àϱ⡯¸¦ ½è´Âµ¥, »ç½Ç ±×°ÍÀº °¡²û ¾´ ±â·ÏÀ¸·Î, »óÀÎÀ¸·Î »ç´Â »ýÈ°°ú °¡Á·»ýÈ°¿¡ °üÇÑ À̾߱⸦ ½è´Ù. ±×¿Í °°Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ °øÀûÀÎ ÀÚ¾Æ¿Í »çÀûÀÎ Àھƿ¡ °üÇÑ ÀÌ·± ÇüÅÂÀÇ ±Û¾²±â¸¦ °³Ã´Çß´Ù. (Çؼ³) Later in life, he was honored to serve a number of posts in the city government.¿¡¼­ ¨ê°¡ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÔÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (±¸¹®) Over the years he wrote _a ¡°diary,¡±_ actually an occasional record _in which_ he kept accounts of his commercial and family life.: a ¡°diary¡±¿Í actually ¡¦ life´Â ÀÇ¹Ì»ó µ¿°ÝÀÌ´Ù. in which ÀÌÇÏ´Â an occasional record¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â °ü°èÀýÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * merchant: »óÀÎ * enter into partnership: Çù·Â(Á¦ÈÞ)ÇÏ´Ù * profitable:: ÀÌÀ±ÀÌ ³²´Â, À¯¸®ÇÑ * merchandise: »óÇ° * characteristic: Ư¡ÀûÀÎ * en route: µµÁß¿¡ * enterprise: (ƯÈ÷ ¸ðÇ輺) ´ë±Ô¸ð »ç¾÷ * successive: ÀÕµû¸¥, ¿¬¼ÓÇÏ´Â * post: Á÷Ã¥, ÁöÀ§ * occasional: °¡²û ÇÏ´Â * keep an account of: ~¿¡ °üÇÑ À̾߱⸦ ¾²´Ù * commercial: »ó¾÷ÀÇ, »ó¾÷¿¡ Á¾»çÇÏ´Â * pioneer: °³Ã´ÇÏ´Ù 06. Çؼ®: Great Salt Lake´Â ¼­¹Ý±¸¿¡¼­ °¡Àå Å« ¼Ò±ÝÈ£¼öÀÌ´Ù. ±× È£¼ö´Â Bear °­, Weber °­, ±×¸®°í Jordan °­¿¡¼­ ¹°ÀÌ À¯ÀÔµÇÁö¸¸ (¹°ÀÌ) ³ª°¡´Â Ãⱸ´Â ¾ø´Ù. ºùÇϱⰡ ³¡³µÀ» ¶§ ±× Àü Áö¿ªÀº ºùÇÏ°¡ ³ìÀº ¹°·Î µÈ È£¼ö ¹ØÀ¸·Î Àá°å°í, ±× È£¼ö·ÎºÎÅÍ ³ÑÃÄÈ帥 ¹°Àº Snake °­°ú Columbia °­À» ÅëÇØ ÅÂÆò¾çÀ¸·Î ºüÁ®³ª°¬´Ù. ±× È£¼ö°¡ °ÞÀº ½ÉÇÑ ±âÈÄ º¯È­¿Í ´ã¼öÀÇ À¯ÀÔ·®À» ÃÊ°úÇÑ °è¼ÓµÈ Áõ¹ß ¶§¹®¿¡ È£¼öÀÇ Å©±â°¡ ÀÌÀüÀÇ 20ºÐÀÇ 1·Î ÁÙ¾îµé¾ú´Ù. Great Salt Lake¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¼Ò±Ý ´ëºÎºÐÀº ¸ðµç ´ã¼ö¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¿ëÇØµÈ ¼Ò±ÝÀÇ ÀÜÁ¸¹°ÀÌ´Ù. ¹°ÀÌ Áõ¹ßÇϸ鼭 ¹Ì·®ÀÇ ¿ëÇØµÈ ¼Ò±ÝÀÌ ÁÙ¾îµå´Â È£¼ö¿¡ ¼­¼­È÷ ³óÃàµÇ¾ú´Ù. (Çؼ³) The majority of salt in the Great Salt Lake is a remnant of dissolved salts that are present in all fresh water.¿¡¼­ ¼Ò±ÝÈ£¼ö¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¼Ò±ÝÀº ´ã¼ö¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¼Ò±ÝÀÌ ¿ëÇØµÇ¾î ³²Àº °ÍÀÓÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¨ë´Â ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. (±¸¹®) 46^^_The great climatic change_ the lake underwent and _continued evaporation_, exceeding the inflow of fresh water, _reduced_ the lake to one-twentieth of its former size.: ÀÌ ¹®Àå¿¡´Â µ¿»ç°¡ ¿©·¯ °³ »ç¿ëµÇ¾úÁö¸¸, ÁÖ¾îÀÎ The great climatic change¿Í continued evaporationÀÇ ¼ú¾îµ¿»ç´Â reducedÀÌ´Ù. change¿Í the lake »çÀÌ¿¡ ¸ñÀû°Ý °ü°è´ë¸í»ç that(which)ÀÌ »ý·«µÈ °ÍÀ¸·Î, °ü°èÀýÀÎ the lake underwent´Â The great climatic change¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÑ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * hemisphere: ¹Ý±¸ * outlet: (¹è) Ãⱸ, Çϱ¸ * close: ³¡, Á¾°á * submerge: ¹°¿¡ Àá±×´Ù, ¹°¼Ó¿¡ ³Ö´Ù(°¡¶ó¾ÉÈ÷´Ù) * meltwater: ºùÇÏ°¡ ³ìÀº ¹° * overflow: ³ÑÃÄÈ帥 ¹°, ¹ü¶÷, È«¼ö * the Pacific Ocean: ÅÂÆò¾ç * undergo: °Þ´Ù, °æÇèÇÏ´Ù * evaporation: Áõ¹ß, (¼öºÐÀÇ) ¹ß»ê * exceed: ÃÊ°úÇÏ´Ù * inflow: À¯ÀÔ, À¯ÀÔ·® * fresh water: ´ã¼ö, ¹Î¹° * remnant: ÀÜÁ¸¹°, ³ª¸ÓÁö 137ÂÊ * dissolve: ³ìÀÌ´Ù * gradually: ¼­¼­È÷, Á¡Â÷ * concentrate: ³óÃàÇÏ´Ù * shrink: ÁÙ¾îµé´Ù 07. Çؼ®: »ó°ø¿¡ ¶° ÀÖ´Â Titanic È£¸¦ »ó»óÇØ º¸¶ó. ±×°ÍÀº ¹Ù·Î ¹Ì±¹ Çرº ÀüÇÔ Macon È£°¡ ³¯¾Æ°¡´Â °ÍÀ» º¸´Â °Í°ú °°Àº °ÍÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±æÀÌ°¡ °ÅÀÇ 800ÇÇÆ®¿¡ ´ÞÇÏ´Â ±× ºñÇ༱Àº ¹Ì±¹ Çرº¿¡°Ô °ø¼ö ±º»ç ±âÁö¸¦ °®Ãß°Ô ÇÏ·Á´Â ³ë·ÂÀÇ Çϳª·Î 1933³â¿¡ ¿Ï¼ºµÇ¾ú´Ù. °Ý³³°í°¡ žÀçµÇ¾î À־, Macon È£´Â »ó°ø¿¡¼­ ´Ù¼¸ ´ëÀÇ ¼ÒÇü °íÁ¤ÀÍ Ç×°ø±âµéÀ» ¹ßÁø½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ 1935³â ÆødzÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇßÀ» ¶§, ±×°ÍÀº ÇÑ ¹øµµ ÀüÅõ¿¡ Âü¿©ÇØ º¸Áöµµ ¸øÇÏ°í CaliforniaÀÇ Big Sur ¸Õ¹Ù´Ù¿¡¼­ Ã߶ôÇß´Ù. ¾îºÎ°¡ ±×¹°·Î ±× ºñÇ༱ÀÇ ÀÜÇØ Á¶°¢À» °ÇÁ³´ø 1980³â¿¡ ´Ù½Ã ¹ß°ßµÇ¾î, ±× ºñÇ༱ÀÇ ÀÜÇØ´Â ¼öÁß À½ÆÄ Å½Áö±â¿Í ¿ø°Ý Á¶Á¤µÇ´Â ·Îº¿À» È°¿ëÇÏ¿© ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ Á¶»çµÇ¾î (±× À§Ä¡°¡) ¹ß°ßµÇ¾ú´Ù. Á¤ºÎ°¡ ÆÄ°ßÇÑ °í°íÇÐÀÚµéÀÌ °è¼ÓÇؼ­ Ž»çÇÏ°í Àִµ¥, ±× ÁöÁ¡Àº ¹Ù´Ù ¹Ø 1,500ÇÇÆ®¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. (Çؼ³) Macon È£ÀÇ ÀÜÇØ Á¶°¢ÀÌ 1980³â¿¡ ¾îºÎÀÇ ±×¹°¿¡ °É·Á¼­ ´Ù½Ã ¹ß°ßµÇ¾ú´Ù°í ÇÏ¿´À¸¹Ç·Î, ¨ê°¡ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÑ´Ù. (±¸¹®) (Being) 46^^_Nearly 800 feet long_, the airship was completed in 1933 as part of an effort to equip the U.S. Navy with airborne military bases.: Nearly 800 feet longÀº ¾Õ¿¡ BeingÀÌ »ý·«µÈ ºÐ»ç±¸¹®À¸·Î, Àǹ̻óÀÇ ÁÖ¾î´Â the airshipÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * overhead: »ó°ø¿¡ * USS: ¹Ì±¹ Çرº ÀüÇÔ(= United States Ship) * airship: ºñÇ༱ * equip: °®Ãß´Ù, ¼³ºñÇÏ´Ù * airborne: °ø¼öÀÇ, ÀÌ·úÇÏ¿© * onboard: žÀçÇÑ * launch ¹ßÁø½ÃÅ°´Ù * fixed-wing plane: °íÁ¤ÀÍ Ç×°ø±â * see action: ÀüÅõ¿¡ Âü°¡ÇÏ´Ù * debris ÀÜÇØ * wreck: ³­Æļ±(ÀÇ ÀÜÇØ) * map: ¹ß°ßÇÏ´Ù, º¸¿©ÁÖ´Ù * sonar: ¼öÁß À½ÆÄ Å½Áö±â * archaeologist: °í°íÇÐÀÚ 08. Çؼ®: Warren McArthur´Â 1908³â¿¡ ±â°è°øÇÐ ÇÐÀ§¸¦ ¹ÞÀ¸¸ç Cornell ´ëÇÐÀ» Á¹¾÷Çß´Ù. ±×´Â 1911³â°ú 1914³â »çÀÌ¿¡ ¿­ °³ÀÇ ·¥ÇÁ¿¡ ƯÇ㸦 ¾òÀ¸¸é¼­ ¸· ½ÏÀÌ Æ®±â ½ÃÀÛÇÑ »ê¾÷ µðÀÚÀÎ ºÐ¾ß¿¡¼­ ÀÏÀ» ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ±×´Â 1913³â¿¡ Arizona·Î ÀÌÁÖÇßÀ¸¸ç, ±×°÷¿¡¼­ ±×ÀÇ ÇüÁ¦¿Í ÇÔ²² ÀÚµ¿Â÷ ÆǸŠ´ë¸®Á¡À» ¿­¾ú´Ù. WarrenÀº óÀ½¿¡ Ãë¹Ì·Î °¡±¸ ¼³°è¿Í ½Ã°ø¿¡ °ú°¨ÇÏ°Ô ¶Ù¾îµé¾úÀ¸³ª, 44¼¼¿¡´Â ±Ý¼Ó °¡±¸¸¦ ¼³°èÇÏ°í Á¦ÀÛÇϱâ À§ÇØ Los Angeles·Î ÀÌÁÖÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×´Â °¡±¸¿¡ ¾Ë·ç¹Ì´½À» »ç¿ëÇÑ ¼±±¸ÀÚ ÁßÀÇ ÇÑ »ç¶÷À̾úÀ¸¸ç ±×°¡ °øÇåÇÑ °Í¿¡´Â ´ë·® »ý»êÀ» ÃËÁøÇÏ´Â (±â¼ú) Çâ»ó°ú ƯÇãµéÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â 1933³â¿¡ ´Ù½Ã µ¿ºÎ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â New YorkÀ¸·Î ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °øÀåÀ» ÀÌÀü½ÃÄ×À¸¸ç, ±×°÷¿¡¼­ µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ ¾Ë·ç¹Ì´½ °¡±¸¸¦ ¼³°èÇϸç Á¦ÀÛÇß´Ù. (Çؼ³) Warren McArthur´Â 1913³â¿¡ Arizona·Î ÀÌÁÖÇÏ¿© ±×ÀÇ ÇüÁ¦¿Í ÇÔ²² ÀÚµ¿Â÷ ÆǸŠ´ë¸®Á¡À» ¿­¾ú´Ù°í ÇßÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¨éÀº ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. (±¸¹®) He relocated his factory back East to New York in 1933 _where_ he designed and manufactured unique aluminum furniture.: where ¡¦ furniture´Â New YorkÀ» ¼±Çà»ç·Î ÃëÇÏ´Â °ü°èÀý·Î, ¡®~ÇÑ °÷¿¡¼­¡¯ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * budding: ½ÏÀÌ Æ®±â ½ÃÀÛÇÑ * patent: ƯÇ㸦 ¾ò´Ù(ÁÖ´Ù); ƯÇã(±Ç) * dealership: ÆǸŠ´ë¸®Á¡, Ư¾àÁ¡ * venture: °ú°¨È÷ ~ÇÏ´Ù * relocate: ÀÌÀü½ÃÅ°´Ù 09. Çؼ®: Patience Lovell Wright´Â À¯¸í ÀλçµéÀÇ ¹Ð¶ø ¸ðÇüÀ» ¸¸µå´Â ÀÏÀ» Àü¹®À¸·Î ÇÏ´ø ¼º°øÀûÀÎ ¿¹¼ú°¡¿´´Ù. ºñ·Ï Patience°¡ Á¤½Ä ±³À°À» °ÅÀÇ ¹ÞÁö ¸øÇß°í ±×³à°¡ ¿¹¼ú¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾Æ´Â °ÍÀº ´ëºÎºÐ µ¶ÇÐÀ» ÅëÇÑ °ÍÀ̾úÁö¸¸ ±×³à´Â ¸Å¿ì ±â¼úÀÌ ¶Ù¾î³µ°í ±×³àÀÇ ÀÛÇ°Àº ºü¸£°Ô Àα⸦ ¾ò¾ú´Ù. ±×³à´Â ¶ÇÇÑ Çå½ÅÀûÀÎ ¾Ö±¹´Ü¿øÀ̾ú´Ù. ÀüÀïÀÌ ÀϾÀ» ¶§ ±×³à´Â Áï½Ã ¹Ì±¹ µ¶¸³±ºÀ» À§ÇØ ÀÏÇϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ±×³à´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °í°´µé»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÀÚÁÖ ¾î¿ï·È´ø ¿©¼ºµé·ÎºÎÅÍ Á¤º¸¸¦ ½±°Ô ¾ò¾ú´Ù. Patience´Â À§ÇèÇÑ ÀÏÀ» Àß Çس´Ù. µ¶¸³ÀüÀïÀÌ ³¡³¯ ¹«·Æ ±×³à´Â (¿µ±¹) ¿ÕÀ» Àüº¹½ÃÅ°·Á´Â À½¸ð¿¡ ±íÀÌ °³ÀÔÇß´Ù. ÀçÁ¤Àû Áö¿øÀÌ ¾ø¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡ À½¸ðÀÚµéÀº ÀڽŵéÀÇ °èȹÀ» Æ÷±âÇÒ ¼ö¹Û¿¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. Patience´Â ¹Ì±¹ µ¶¸³ÀüÀï¿¡¼­ ¾Ö±¹´ÜÀÇ °¡Àå È­·ÁÇÑ ½ºÆÄÀÌ °¡¿îµ¥ ÇÑ »ç¶÷À¸·Î ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ Çß´ø ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÀνÄÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ½º½º·Î¸¦ À§·ÎÇß´Ù. (Çؼ³) Patience°¡ Á¾Á¾ »ç±³ °ü°è¸¦ ¸Î¾ú´ø ¿©¼ºµé·ÎºÎÅÍ Á¤º¸¸¦ ½±°Ô ¾ò¾ú´Ù°í ÇßÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¨ê°¡ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÑ´Ù. (±¸¹®) She easily picked up information not only from her clients but also from women _with whom_ she socialized often.: °ü°è´ë¸í»ç whomÀº °ü°èÀý¿¡¼­ ÀüÄ¡»ç withÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ°í ÀÖ°í, ¼±Çà»çÀÎ womenÀ» ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â °ü°èÀýÀ» À¯µµÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * specialize in: ~À» Àü¹®À¸·Î ÇÏ´Ù * wax figure: ¹Ð¶ø ¸ðÇü * self-taught: µ¶ÇÐÀÇ 138ÂÊ * devoted: Çå½ÅÀûÀÎ * break out: ¹ß¹ßÇÏ´Ù * thrive on: Àß Çس»´Ù, ~À» Áñ±â´Ù * overthrow: Àüº¹½ÃÅ°´Ù, ŸµµÇÏ´Ù * backing: ÈÄ¿ø, Áö¿ø * abandon: Æ÷±âÇÏ´Ù * console: À§·ÎÇÏ´Ù 10. Çؼ®: ÀÛÀº ³¯Áã´Â Àü ¼¼°è¿¡ ÀÖ´Â »ç¸·¿¡¼­ »ê´Ù. ³¯ÁãµéÀº ´«ÀÌ Å©¸ç, »ç¸·¿¡ »ç´Â ¸¹Àº µ¿¹°µé°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î ¹ã¿¡ ¾ÆÁÖ Àß º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ´ÊÀº Àú³á ½Ã°£¿¡ ±×µéÀº ±¼¿¡¼­ ³ª¿Í ¸ÔÀ̸¦ ã´Âµ¥, ÁÖ·Î ¾¾¾Ñ°ú ½Ä¹°À» ã´Â´Ù. ³¯ÁãµéÀº »ç¸· »ýÈ°¿¡ ¾ÆÁÖ Àß ÀûÀÀÇÑ´Ù. ¾î¶² ³¯ÁãµéÀº (¹°À») ¸¶½Ç ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø´Âµ¥, ±× ÀÌÀ¯´Â ±×µéÀÇ ¸ÔÀÌ¿¡¼­ ¹°À» ÃëÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ¶ß°Å¿î ¿©¸§¿¡, ¾î¶² ³¯ÁãµéÀº ¸ð·¡ ¼Ó¿¡¼­ µÎ ´Þ ȤÀº ¼¼ ´Þ µ¿¾È ÀáÀ» ÀÜ´Ù. ³¯ÁãµéÀº Gobi¿Í °°Àº Ãß¿î »ç¸·¿¡¼­µµ »ê´Ù. ¿©±â¿¡¼­ ±×µéÀº °Ü¿ï¿¡ ±¼ ¼Ó¿¡¼­ ÀáÀ» ÀÚ°í ´«À» ÇÇÇÑ´Ù. ³¯ÁãµéÀº ¸ð·¡¸¦ °¡·ÎÁú·¯ ¾ÆÁÖ ºü¸£°Ô À̵¿ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×µéÀº °Å´ëÇÑ µÞ´Ù¸®°¡ À־ ÇÑ ¹øÀÇ ¿òÁ÷ÀÓÀ¸·Î 3¹ÌÅͱîÁö Á¡ÇÁÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×µéÀº ´Ù¸¥ µ¿¹°µé·ÎºÎÅÍ µµ¸ÁÄ¥ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖÀ» ¶§ ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ³¯Áã°¡ ¸ð·¡¸¦ °¡·ÎÁú·¯ ¾ÆÁÖ ºü¸£°Ô À̵¿ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇßÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¨ê´Â ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. (±¸¹®) In the late evening, they 46^^_come out of their holes_ and _look for food_--mostly seeds and plants.: come out of their holes¿Í look ¡¦ for foodÀÇ µÎ °³ÀÇ µ¿»ç±¸°¡ they¸¦ °øÅëÀÇ ÁÖ¾î·Î »ï¾Æ º´·Ä ±¸Á¶¸¦ ÀÌ·ç°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * jerboa: ³¯Áã(¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«»ê) * hole: ±¼, ±¸¸Û * seed: ¾¾¾Ñ, ¿­¸Å * adapt: ÀûÀÀ½ÃÅ°´Ù, ÀûÀÀÇÏ´Ù * huge: °Å´ëÇÑ 11. Çؼ®: ³×ÆÈ°ú Ƽº£Æ® »çÀÌÀÇ °æ°è°¡ µÇ´Â ¿¡º£·¹½ºÆ®´Â ºû³ª´Â ¾óÀ½°ú £Àº »öÀÇ ¹ÙÀ§·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø »ï°¢»Ô ÇüÅ·ΠºÒ¾¦ ¼Ú¾ÆÀÖ´Ù. óÀ½ ¿©´ü ÆÀÀÇ ¿¡º£·¹½ºÆ® ¿øÁ¤´ë´Â ¿µ±¹ ÆÀÀ̾úÀ¸¸ç, ±×µéÀº ¸ðµÎ »êÀÇ ºÏÂÊ, Áï Ƽº£Æ® ÂÊÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ µî¹ÝÀ» ½ÃµµÇߴµ¥, ±×°ÍÀº ±×°÷ÀÌ ¾èÀâ¾Æ º¼ ¼ö ¾ø´Â Á¤»óÀÇ ¹æ¾î¿¡ À־ °¡Àå ºÐ¸íÇÑ ¾àÁ¡À» º¸¿© ÁÖ¾ú±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, 1921³â¿¡ Ƽº£Æ® Á¤ºÎ´Â ¿Ü±¹Àε鿡°Ô ±¹°æÀ» °³¹æÇßÀ¸³ª, ³×ÆÈÀº ÃâÀÔ ±ÝÁö ±¸¿ªÀÇ »óÅ·Π³²¾Æ ÀÖ¾ú±â ¶§¹®À̾ú´Ù. Ãʱ⠿¡º£·¹½ºÆ® µî¹Ý°¡µéÀº Darjeeling¿¡¼­ Ƽº£Æ®ÀÇ °í¿øÀ» °¡·ÎÁú·¯ ¿¡º£·¹½ºÆ®ÀÇ »ê±â½¾¿¡ À̸£´Â 400¸¶ÀÏÀÇ °Å¸®¸¦ °É¾î°¡¾ß Çß´Ù. ±ØÇÑÀÇ °íµµ·Î ÀÎÇØ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â Ä¡¸íÀûÀÎ ¿µÇâ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×µéÀÇ Áö½ÄÀº Á¦ÇÑÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ̾úÀ¸¸ç ±×µéÀÇ Àåºñ´Â º¸Àß °Í ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ 1924³â¿¡ 3Â÷ ¿µ±¹ ¿øÁ¤´ëÀÇ ´ë¿øÀÎ Edward Felix NortonÀÌ Á¤»ó¿¡¼­ °Ü¿ì 900ÇÇÆ® ¾Æ·¡ÀÎ °íµµ°¡ 28,126ÇÇÆ® µÇ´Â ÁöÁ¡¿¡ µµ´ÞÇß´Ù°¡ ÇÇ·Î¿Í ¼³¸ÍÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ½ÇÆÐÇÑ ÀÏÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº 28³â µ¿¾È ±úÁöÁö ¾ÊÀº ³î¶ó¿î ¾÷ÀûÀ̾ú´Ù. (Çؼ³) 1924³â¿¡ 3Â÷ ¿µ±¹ ¿øÁ¤´ëÀÇ ´ë¿øÀÎ Edward Felix NortonÀÌ Á¤»ó¿¡¼­ °Ü¿ì 900ÇÇÆ® ¾Æ·¡ÀÎ °íµµ°¡ 28,126ÇÇÆ® µÇ´Â ÁöÁ¡¿¡ µµ´ÞÇß´Ù°¡ ÇÇ·Î¿Í ¼³¸ÍÀ¸·Î ½ÇÆÐÇß¾ú´Ù°í ÇßÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¨ê°¡ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÑ´Ù. (±¸¹®) The first eight expeditions to Everest were British, _all of which_ attempted the mountain from the northern, Tibetan, side ~.: °ü°è»ç whichÀÇ ¼±Çà»ç´Â ¾Õ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â The first eight expeditions to EverestÀ̸ç, all of which´Â and all of themÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²ã ¾µ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * loom: ºÒ¾¦ °Å´ëÇÑ ¸ð½ÀÀ» µå·¯³»´Ù * formidable: ¹«¼­¿î, ¾èÀâ¾Æ º¼ ¼ö ¾ø´Â * off limit: ÃâÀÔ ±ÝÁö ±¸¿ª * be obliged to: ~ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ¾È µÇ´Ù, ¾î¿ ¼ö ¾øÀÌ ~ÇÏ´Ù * trek: °É¾î¼­ °¡´Ù * plateau: °í¿ø, ´ëÁö * snow blindness: ¼³¸Í(Àû¼³ÀÇ ¹Ý»ç ±¤¼±, ƯÈ÷ °­·ÄÇÑ Àڿܼ±ÀÇ ÀÚ±ØÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ÀϾ´Â ´«ÀÇ ¿°Áõ) 12. Çؼ®: ÀÌÅ»¸®¾ÆÀÇ È­°¡, °ÇÃà°¡, ÀÛ°¡ÀÎ Giorgio Vasari´Â 1511³â¿¡ Arezzo¿¡¼­ ž´Ù. ±×´Â È­°¡º¸´Ù´Â °ÇÃà°¡·Î¼­ ´õ ¼º°øÀ» °ÅµÎ¾ú´Ù°í ¿©°ÜÁ³´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±×¸¦ ÁøÁ¤À¸·Î À¯¸íÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µç °ÍÀº '°¡Àå ¶Ù¾î³­ È­°¡, Á¶°¢°¡, °ÇÃà°¡µéÀÇ »ý¾Ö'(°£·«ÇÏ°Ô '»ý¾Ö')¶ó´Â ±×ÀÇ Ã¥À̾ú´Ù. '»ý¾Ö'¶ó´Â Ã¥ÀÌ 1550³â¿¡ ¹ßÇàµÈ ÃÊÆÇ¿¡¼­ Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ¾ó¸¶³ª ¸¹Àº ¼ö·®ÀÌ ÀμâµÇ¾ú´ÂÁö´Â ¾Ë ¼ö ¾øÁö¸¸, ±×°ÍÀº Vasari·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý µ¿·áµéÀÇ ÄªÂùÀ» ¹Þ°Ô ÇØ ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯´Ù°¡ ¿¹¼ú°¡µéÀÇ ÃÊ»óÀ» ¿ÏºñÇÑ 1568³â¿¡ ¹ßÇàµÈ °³Á¤ÆÇ '»ý¾Ö'¿¡¼­ ±×´Â Àü±âÀûÀÎ ÀÏÈ­µéÀ» ºñÆÇÀûÀÎ ³íÆò°ú °áÇÕ½ÃÄ×´Ù. ºñ·Ï °³Á¤ÆÇÀÌ È­°¡¿Í °ÇÃà°¡·Î¼­ÀÇ Vasari ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¾÷ÀûÀ» °¡¸®±â´Â ÇßÁö¸¸, ±×°ÍÀÌ ±×¸¦ ÀÌÅ»¸®¾ÆÀÇ ¿¹¼ú ¼¼°è¿¡¼­ °¡Àå Á¸°æ¹Þ´Â Àι°·Î ¸¸µé¾î ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ½ÉÁö¾î ±×´Â 1571³â¿¡ ±³È² Pius 5¼¼¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ±â»çÀÇ ÀÛÀ§¸¦ ¹Þ±âµµ Çß´Ù. (Çؼ³) Lives °³Á¤ÆÇÀÌ Vasari¸¦ ÀÌÅ»¸®¾ÆÀÇ ¿¹¼ú ¼¼°è¿¡¼­ °¡Àå Á¸°æ¹Þ´Â Àι°·Î ¸¸µé¾î ÁÖ¾ú´Ù°í ÇßÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¨ê´Â ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. (±¸¹®) But _what_ made him truly famous _was_ his book Lives of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors and Architects (shortened as Lives).: ¼±Çà»ç¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ °ü°è´ë¸í»ç whatÀÌ À̲ô´Â ¸í»çÀýÀÌ ¹®ÀåÀÇ ÁÖ¾î·Î ¾²¿´´Ù. ¹®ÀåÀÇ µ¿»ç´Â wasÀÌ°í his book ÀÌÇÏ´Â Áְݺ¸¾î ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. 139ÂÊ (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * eminent: Àú¸íÇÑ, ¶Ù¾î³­ * anecdote: ÀÏÈ­ * overshadow: ±×´ÃÁö°Ô ÇÏ´Ù, °¡¸®´Ù * knight: ±â»çÀÇ ÀÛÀ§¸¦ ¼ö¿©ÇÏ´Ù 13. Çؼ®: Karlovo¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¡®Sveta Bogoroditsa¡¯(¡®°Å·èÇÑ Ã³³à¡¯)¶ó´Â ±³È¸´Â Èñ°í Ǫ¸¥ Á¾Å¾À» °¡Áø ¸ÚÁø Ãø¸éÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±× Á¾Å¾Àº 1897³âºÎÅÍ ÀÖ¾úÀ¸¹Ç·Î ºñ±³Àû »õ °ÍÀÌÁö¸¸ ±× ±³È¸ °Ç¹°Àº ¼­ÂÊ ÀÔ±¸ À§¿¡ »õ°ÜÁø ±ÛÀÌ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ¸»ÇØ ÁÖµíÀÌ 1851³â±îÁö °Å½½·¯ ¿Ã¶ó°£´Ù. ÀÌ »õ °Ç¹°À» 1847³â¿¡ Áþ±â ½ÃÀÛÇϱâ Àü¿¡, ¡®°Å·èÇÑ Ã³³à¡¯ÀÇ ¿¾ ±³È¸´Â 1813³â¿¡ ºÒŸ¹ö·È´Ù. °ÅÀÇ ¾Ë·ÁÁöÁö ¾ÊÀº ÈÄÀÚÀÇ ÀÌ ±³È¸´Â ÀÛÀº ¸¶À» Karli-ova, Áï ³ªÁßÀÇ Karlovo°¡ ¼³¸³µÉ ´ç½ÃÀÎ 15¼¼±â ¸»¿¡ ÀÌ¹Ì Áö¾îÁ³´Ù°í ¾î¶² »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ­ ¹Ï¾îÁø´Ù. ¾î¶² °æ¿ì¿¡¶óµµ, ±× ±³È¸¿¡¼­ Á¾»çÇÏ´Â ¼ºÁ÷ÀÚµéÀÇ À̸§Àº 18¼¼±â·ÎºÎÅÍ °è¼ÓÇؼ­ º¸Á¸µÇ¾î¿Ô´Ù. ºñ·Ï ±× °Ç¼³ÀÌ 1851³â¿¡ ¿Ï·áµÇ¾ú´ÙÇÒÁö¶óµµ, Å©¸²¹Ýµµ ÀüÀïÀ̶ó´Â »ç°Ç°ú ÀڱݺÎÁ·ÀÌ ±× ±³È¸ÀÇ ºñÇ° ºñÄ¡¸¦ Áö¿¬½ÃÄ×°í, ±×°ÍÀÇ Çå´ç½ÄÀº 1858³â 5¿ù 20ÀϱîÁö ÀϾÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. (Çؼ³) ÀÌ ±³È¸¿¡¼­ Á¾»çÇÑ ¼ºÁ÷ÀÚµéÀÇ À̸§ÀÌ 18¼¼±âºÎÅÍ º¸Á¸µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇßÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¨ê°¡ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÑ´Ù. (±¸¹®) This latter church, about _which_ little is known, _is_ believed by some to have been built already at the end of the fifteenth century ~.: which´Â ¼±Çà»çÀÎ This latter church¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â °ü°èÀýÀ» À̲ø¸ç, ÁÖÀýÀÇ ÁÖ¾î´Â This latter churchÀÌ°í, µ¿»ç´Â isÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * holy: ½Å¼ºÇÑ, °Å·èÇÑ * profile: ¿·¾ó±¼, Ãø¸é * inscription: »õ°ÜÁø ±Û * entrance: ÀÔ±¸ * latter: ÈÄÀÚÀÇ * priest: ¼ºÁ÷ÀÚ * preserve: º¸Á¸ÇÏ´Ù * furnishing: (°¡±¸ÀÇ) ºñÄ¡, ¼³ºñ 14. Çؼ®: 1920³â´ë¿Í 1930³â´ë ÃÊ¿¡ FM ¶óµð¿À¸¦ óÀ½À¸·Î ¹ß°ßÇÏ°í °³¹ßÇß´ø Edwin ArmstrongÀº ¶óµð¿À ¿ª»ç¿¡¼­ Á¾Á¾ °¡Àå ´ÙÀÛÀÇ ±×¸®°í ¿µÇâ·Â ÀÖ´Â ¹ß¸í°¡·Î °£ÁֵȴÙ. ±×¸¸ÀÌ De ForestÀÇ Áø°ø°üÀÇ È¿°ú¸¦ ÀÌÇØÇß°í ±×´Â ÀüÆÄ ¼ö½Å±â°¡ ¸Õ ½ÅÈ£¸¦ Àâ´Â °ÍÀ» °¡´ÉÄÉ Çß´ø ÁõÆø½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» °í¾ÈÇϱâ À§ÇØ ±×°ÍÀ» »ç¿ëÇß´Ù. ArmstrongÀÇ Çõ½ÅµéÀº Ãʱ⠶óµð¿À Àü¼ÛÀåÄ¡¿¡¼­ ÆÄ¿ö¸¦ »ý¼ºÇϱâ À§ÇØ »ç¿ëµÈ °Å´ëÇÑ ±³·ù¹ßÀü±â¸¦ ¾µ¸ð¾ø°Ô ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. 1922³â¿¡ ±×´Â ±×ÀÇ È¸·ÎÀÇ ¡®ÃÖ°í±Þ¡¯ ÆÇÀ» 20¸¸ ´Þ·¯¿Í RCAÀÇ ÁÖ½Ä 6¸¸ ÁÖ¸¦ ¹Þ°í Radio Corporation of America(RCA)¿¡ ÆȾҰí, ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ±×¸¦ RCAÀÇ ÃÖ´ë °³ÀÎ ÁÖÁÖÀÏ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¹é¸¸ÀåÀÚ·Î ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. ArmstrongÀº ¶ÇÇÑ ¶óµð¿À ¼ö½ÅÀÇ ÁÖµÈ ¹®Á¦ÀÎ Àü±â °£¼·À» °³¼±Çϱâ À§ÇØ ¾Ö¸¦ ½è´Ù. 1930³â°ú 1933³â »çÀÌ¿¡ ÀÌ ¹ß¸í°¡´Â FM¿¡ °üÇÑ ´Ù¼¸ °³ÀÇ Æ¯Ç㸦 Ãâ¿øÇß´Ù. (Çؼ³) ȸ·ÎÀÇ ÃÖ°í±Þ ÆÇÀ» RCA¿¡ ÆȾҴٰí ÇßÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¨ê´Â ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. (±¸¹®) Armstrong's innovations _rendered_ useless the enormous alternators used for generating power in early radio transmitters.: 'render£«¸ñÀû¾î£«¸ñÀû°Ýº¸¾î'´Â ¡®~À» ¡¦ÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé´Ù¡¯ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. ¿©±â¿¡¼­´Â renderÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î°¡ the enormous ¡¦ transmittersÀε¥, ±æ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ º¸¾î¿Í À§Ä¡¸¦ ¹Ù²Ù¾ú´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * prolific: ¾ÆÀ̸¦ ¸¹ÀÌ ³º´Â, ´ÙÀÛÀÇ * amplify: È®´ëÇÏ´Ù, Áõ´ëÇÏ´Ù * alternator: ±³·ù(¹ßÀü)±â * transmitter: Àü¼Û ÀåÄ¡ * circuit: ȸ·Î * stockholder: ÁÖÁÖ * interference: °£¼·, ¹æÇØ * file: Ãâ¿øÇÏ´Ù 15. Çؼ®: À½¾Ç°¡¿Í ½ÃÀÎÀ¸·Î ¸ðµÎ À¯¸íÇÑ Guillaume de Machaut´Â ÇÁ¶û½ºÀÇ Champagne Áö¹æ¿¡¼­ ž´Ù. ±×´Â ½ÅÇÐÀ» °øºÎÇßÀ¸¸ç ÀÏ»ýÀÇ ¸¹Àº ºÎºÐÀ» ¿©·¯ ¿Õ°¡¸¦ À§ÇØ ºÀ»çÇÏ¸ç º¸³Â´Ù. 1323³â ¹«·Æ¿¡ ±×´Â BohemiaÀÇ ¿Õ JohnÀÇ ºñ¼­¿Í ±º¸ñÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Âµ¥, À¯·´ Àü¿ªÀ» ¿©ÇàÇÏ°í ±º´ë ÃâÁ¤ ¶§ ±×¸¦ ¼öÇàÇß´Ù. ¸»³â¿¡ ±×´Â ÁÖ·Î Reims¿¡ »ì¾Ò´Âµ¥, °Å±â¼­ ±×´Â ±³È¸ÀÇ °ü¸®·Î ºÀÁ÷Çß´Ù. Machaut´Â ¿©·¯ ±ÃÀüµéÀ» ¿©ÇàÇϸ鼭 ¾Æ¸§´ä°Ô Àå½ÄµÈ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ À½¾Ç°ú ½Ã¸¦ ÀûÀº »çº»À» ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ±ÍÁ· ÈÄ°ßÀε鿡°Ô ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ »çº»µé·Î ÀÎÇØ Machaut´Â ÀÛÇ°µéÀÌ ¾ÆÁ÷±îÁö ³²¾Æ ÀÖ´Â ÃÖÃÊÀÇ Áß¿äÇÑ ÀÛ°î°¡µé Áß ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. MachautÀÇ ÀÛÇ° ¼Ó¿¡´Â 14¼¼±â ±³È¸ÀÇ ¼èÅð°¡ ¹Ý¿µµÇ¾î Àִµ¥, ±×ÀÇ ÀÛÇ°Àº ÁÖ·Î ÇÑ ¸í ³»Áö ³× ¸íÀÇ ¿¬ÁÖÀÚµéÀ» À§ÇÑ ±ÃÁ¤ÀÇ »ç¶û ³ë·¡µé·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. (Çؼ³) Machaut traveled to many courts and presented beautifully decorated copies of his music and poetry to his noble patrons.(Machaut´Â ¿©·¯ ±ÃÀüµéÀ» ¿©ÇàÇϸ鼭 ¾Æ¸§´ä°Ô Àå½ÄµÈ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ À½¾Ç°ú ½Ã¸¦ ÀûÀº »çº»À» ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ±ÍÁ· ÈÄ°ßÀε鿡°Ô ÁÖ¾ú´Ù.)¶ó°í ÇßÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¨ê°¡ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÑ´Ù. (±¸¹®) Around 1323, he became secretary and chaplain to John, 46^^_king of Bohemia, whom_ he accompanied on trips and military campaigns throughout Europe.: John°ú king of Bohemia´Â µ¿°Ý °ü°èÀ̸ç, °ü°è´ë¸í»ç whomÀÇ ¼±Çà»çÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * theology: ½ÅÇÐ 140ÂÊ * chaplain: ¿¹¹è´ç ¸ñ»ç, ±º¸ñ * campaign: ±º»ç Çൿ, ÃâÁ¤ * patron: ÈÄ¿øÀÚ * composer: ÀÛ°î°¡ * decline: ¼èÅð 16. Çؼ®: °í¼ÓÀÇ ÃѾ˺¸´Ù ´õ ºü¸£¸ç ½´ÆÛ¸ÇÀ̶ó°í ºÒ¸®Áö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀº ¹«¾ùÀϱî? ±× Á¤´äÀº Bloodhound CarÀ̰ųª, ¾Æ´Ï¸é °ð ±×·¸°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ÇöÀç ¿µ±¹¿¡¼­ ¸¸µé¾îÁö°í Àִµ¥, 1³â À̳»¿¡ ¿Ï¼ºµÉ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿¹»óµÈ´Ù. ¼¼ °³ÀÇ ¿£Áø¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÃßÁø·ÂÀ» ¹Þ´Â ±×°ÍÀº ½Ã¼Ó 1,050¸¶ÀÏ·Î ´Þ¸®µµ·Ï ¼³°èµÇ¾ú´Âµ¥, ±×·¸°Ô µÇ¸é 1997³â¿¡ ¼ö¸³µÈ ½Ã¼Ó 763¸¶ÀÏÀÇ Çö Áö»ó ÃÖ°í ¼Óµµ ±â·ÏÀ» ³Ñ¾î¼­ ¼Óµµ¸¦ ¿Ã¸± ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ±æÀÌ°¡ 13¹ÌÅÍ, ÆøÀÌ 1.5¹ÌÅÍ, ³ôÀÌ°¡ 2¹ÌÅÍ, ¹«°Ô°¡ 6.4ÅæÀÌ´Ù. ¾öû³­ ¹«°Ô·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿©, ±×°ÍÀº ½Ã¼ÓÀÌ 0¸¶ÀÏ¿¡¼­ 100¸¶ÀÏ¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÏ´Â µ¥ 15ÃÊ °É¸®¹Ç·Î, (±× ±¸°£¿¡¼­´Â) ¼¼°è¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ºü¸¥ Â÷°¡ µÇÁö´Â ¸øÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±× ´ÙÀ½¿¡, ½Ã¼Ó 100¸¶ÀÏ¿¡¼­ 1,000¸¶ÀÏÀÌ µÇ´Â µ¥´Â ´Ü 25ÃÊ°¡ °É¸± °ÍÀÌ´Ù! Bloodhound Car´Â 2013³â¿¡ ³²¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«°øÈ­±¹ÀÇ Hakskeen Pan Desert¿¡¼­ ±â·ÏÀ» ±ú´Â ½Ãµµ¸¦ Çϱâ·Î ¿¹Á¤µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¡¦ it won't be the quickest car in the world from 0 to 100 mph(±×°ÍÀº ½Ã¼ÓÀÌ 0¸¶ÀÏ¿¡¼­ 100¸¶ÀÏ¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÏ´Â µ¥ ¡¦ ¼¼°è¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ºü¸¥ Â÷´Â µÇÁö ¸øÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù)¿¡¼­ ¨éÀº ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ½À» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (±¸¹®) Now 46^^_being built in England_, it is expected to be completed within a year. 46^^_Powered by three engines_, it is designed to go 1,050 miles per hour (mph), ~.: ºÐ»ç±¸¹® being built ¡¦ Àǹ̻óÀÇ ÁÖ¾î´Â itÀ¸·Î ¡®¸¸µé¾îÁö°í ÀÖ´Ù¡¯´Â ¡®ÁøÇ࡯ÀÇ Àǹ̰¡ °­Çϸç, ºÐ»ç±¸¹® Powered ¡¦ engines¿¡¼­ Àǹ̻óÀÇ ÁÖ¾î itÀº µ¿·ÂÀ» ¡®°ø±Þ¹Þ´Â¡¯ ´ë»óÀ̹ǷΠ°ú°ÅºÐ»ç powered°¡ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * power: µ¿·ÂÀ» °ø±ÞÇÏ´Ù * blast: ÀÚµ¿Â÷ÀÇ ½ºÇǵ带 ¿Ã¸®´Ù * record-breaking: ±â·Ï µ¹ÆÄÀÇ 17. Çؼ®: ±â¿øÀü 350³â °æ, ±×¸®½º¿¡ Apelles¶ó´Â ¾ÆÁÖ À¯¸íÇÑ È­°¡°¡ »ì¾Ò´Ù. ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °ÉÀÛ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ëÁßÀÇ ÀÇ°ßÀ» µè±â À§ÇØ ±×´Â ±×¸²À» ½Ã¿¬ÇÒ ¶§ ¼û¾î ÀÖ´Â ½À°üÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ÇÑ ½Ã¿¬¿¡¼­ ÇÑ ±¸µÎÀåÀÌ°¡ Apelles°¡ ¿À·§µ¿¾È Èûµé°Ô °øÀ» µéÀÎ ±×¸²¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ½Å¹ßÀ» ºñÆÇÇß´Ù. ±×¸²À» ¼Õº» µÚ È­°¡´Â µÎ ¹ø° ½Ã¿¬À» ¸¶·ÃÇß´Ù. À̹ø¿¡µµ ±¸µÎÀåÀÌ´Â ÇÑ Àι°ÀÇ ÇغÎÇÐÀû ±¸Á¶¸¦ ºñÆÇÇß´Ù. Apelles´Â ÂüÀ» ¼ö°¡ ¾ø¾ú´Âµ¥, ±×´Â ±× ºñÆÇÀÌ ºÎ´çÇÏ°í ±× ³²ÀÚ´Â ÇغÎÇÐÀû ±¸Á¶¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ¾ú±â ¶§¹®À̾ú´Ù. ¼û¾î ÀÖ´ø °÷¿¡¼­ ³ª¿Í Apelles´Â ¼Ò¸®ÃÆ´Ù. ¡°±¸µÎÀåÀ̾ß, ³×°¡ ÇÏ´ø ÀÏÀ̳ª °è¼ÓÇضó.¡± ±×¶§ºÎÅÍ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¸ð¸£´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Æ´Â °Íó·³ ÇൿÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷À» ¡°³×°¡ ÇÏ´ø ÀÏÀ̳ª °è¼ÓÇض󡱶ó´Â ºø´í °æ°íÀÇ ¸»·Î Á¶·ÕÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ °ü½ÀÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. (Çؼ³) After correcting the picture the painter arranged a second preview.¿¡¼­ Apelles°¡ ±×¸²À» ¼öÁ¤ÇÑ ÈÄ ´Ù½Ã ½Ã¿¬È¸¸¦ ¸¶·ÃÇß´Ù´Â ¨ê°¡ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÔÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (±¸¹®) _It_ was his practice _to conceal_ himself at previews of his paintings 46^^_in order to hear_ the public's opinions of his masterpieces.: ItÀº °¡ÁÖ¾îÀÌ°í, to conceal ÀÌÇÏ°¡ ÁøÁÖ¾îÀÌ´Ù. 'in order£«toºÎÁ¤»ç'´Â¡®~Çϱâ À§Çؼ­¡¯¶ó´Â ¸ñÀûÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * practice: ½À°ü * conceal: ¼û±â´Ù, °¨Ãß´Ù * preview: ½Ã¿¬, ½Ã»ç * masterpiece: °ÉÀÛ * bootmaker: ±¸µÎÀåÀÌ * criticize: ºñÆÇÇÏ´Ù * labor: ¾Ö¾²´Ù, ³ë·ÂÇÏ´Ù * correct: ¼öÁ¤ÇÏ´Ù * arrange: ÁغñÇÏ´Ù * anatomy: ÇغÎÇÐ(Àû ±¸Á¶) * character: µîÀåÀι° * restrain oneself: Âü´Ù, ÀÚÁ¦ÇÏ´Ù * unjust: ºÎ´çÇÑ * custom: dz½À * ridicule: ºñ¿ôÀ½, Á¶·ÕÇÏ´Ù * pointed: ½Å¶öÇÑ, ºø´ë°í ÇÏ´Â, ºóÁ¤´ë´Â * caution: Á¶½É, °æ°í 18. Çؼ®: ºê¸®½½ÄÜ ¼Ò³ª¹«´Â ¹Ì±¹ ¼­ºÎÀÇ »ê¾Ç Áö¿ª¿¡¼­ ¶§¶§·Î ÇØ¹ß 2¸¶ÀÏ ÀÌ»óÀ̳ª µÇ´Â ³ôÀÌ¿¡¼­ ÀÚ¶ó´Â ƯÀÌÇÑ ³ª¹«ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ³ª¹«µéÀº ¾ÆÁÖ ÃµÃµÈ÷ ÀÚ¶ó¼­ ³ôÀÌ°¡ 15¿¡¼­ 40ÇÇÆ®±îÁö ´ÞÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ »ó·Ï¼ö´Â Á¾Á¾ ¼öõ ³â µ¿¾È »ê´Ù. Åä¾çÀÌ Ã´¹ÚÇÏ°í °­¼ö·®ÀÌ ÀûÀº, ¾Ï¼®ÀÌ ¸¹Àº Áö¿ª °°Àº ÀÌ ³ª¹«µéÀÇ ¼­½ÄÁö¸¦ °í·ÁÇØ º¸¸é, ÀÌ ³ª¹«µéÀÌ ±×·¸°Ô ¿À·¡ »ì°í ¶Ç´Â ½ÉÁö¾î »ì¾Æ³²´Â °ÍÁ¶Â÷ °ÅÀÇ ¹ÏÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Â °Íó·³ º¸ÀδÙ. ±×·¯³ª ȯ°æÀû ¿ª°æÀº »ç½Ç ±× ³ª¹«µéÀÇ Àå¼ö¿¡ ±â¿©ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·± »óȲÀÇ °á°ú·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁö´Â ¼¼Æ÷µéÀº Á¶¹ÐÇÏ°Ô ¹è¿­µÈ´Ù. Á¶¹ÐÇÏ°Ô Á¶Á÷À» °®Ãá ³ª¹«´Â °ïÃæµéÀ̳ª ´Ù¸¥ ÀáÀçÀûÀÎ ÇØÃæµéÀÇ °ø°Ý¿¡ ³»¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ´õ À±ÅÃÇÑ »óȲ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ºê¸®½½ÄÜ ¼Ò³ª¹«´Â ´õ »¡¸® ÀÚ¶óÁö¸¸ ´õ ÀÏÂï Á×°í °ð ½â´Â´Ù. ±×·¸´Ù¸é ±× ³ª¹«ÀÇ ÁÖº¯ ȯ°æÀÇ °¡È¤ÇÔÀÌ ±× ³ª¹«µéÀ» °­ÇÏ°í Æ°Æ°ÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µå´Â Áö±ØÈ÷ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿äÀÎÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) Bristlecone pines grow faster in richer conditions, but die earlier and soon decay.¿¡¼­ ÁÁÀº ȯ°æ¿¡¼­ ÀÚ¶ó´Â ºê¸®½½ÄÜ ³ª¹«°¡ ´õ ÀÏÂï Á×°í °ð ½â´Â´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¨ë´Â ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. (±¸¹®) Cells _that_ are produced as a result of these 141ÂÊ conditions are densely arranged.: that ¡¦ conditions´Â ¾Õ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Cells¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â °ü°èÀýÀÌ´Ù. thatÀº °ü°èÀý¿¡¼­ ÁÖ¾î ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * habitat: ¼­½ÄÁö * precipitation: °­¼ö·® * incredible: ¹ÏÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Â * adversity: ¿ª°æ * longevity: Àå¼ö * densely: Á¶¹ÐÇÏ°Ô, ¹ÐÁýÇÏ¿© * structure: (º¹ÀâÇÑ °ÍÀ») ±¸Ãà(Á¶Á÷)ÇÏ´Ù * decay: ½â´Ù, ºÎÆÐÇÏ´Ù * sturdy: ¾ï¼¾, Æ°Æ°ÇÑ 19. Çؼ®: 1980³â´ë ÃʹÝ, ÇÑ ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ °úÇÐÀÚ ÆÀÀÌ ´Ù¾çÇÑ »óȲ ÇÏ¿¡¼­ÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ °£Áö·³¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ ¿¬±¸¸¦ ¼öÇàÇß´Ù. ¿¬±¸¿øµéÀº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ ¹ßº¸´Ù ´õ °£Áö·³À» Ÿ´Â ¹ßÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °Í °°¾Æ º¸À̸ç, ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô À־ ±×°ÍÀº ¿À¸¥¹ßÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù. ±× ½ÇÇèÀº »ÏÁ·ÇÑ ³ªÀÏ·Ð ¸·´ë°¡ 1Ãʾ¿ °£°ÝÀ» µÎ°í ¼¼ ¹ø ¹ß¹Ù´ÚÀ» °¡·ÎÁú·¯ ¾²´Ùµë¾îÁö´Â Ưº°ÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© 1998³â¿¡ ¹Ýº¹µÇ¾ú´Ù. 34¸í¿¡°Ô ±×°ÍÀ» Àû¿ëÇÑ ÈÄ, ¿¬±¸¿øµéÀº ¿ø·¡ÀÇ ¹ß°ßÀ» È®ÀÎÇß°í, ³²¼ºÀÌ ¿©¼ºº¸´Ù ´õ °£Áö·³À» ź´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¿© ÁÜÀ¸·Î½á ±× Á¤º¸ÀÇ ÁöÆòÀ» ÇÑÃþ ´õ È®ÀåÇß´Ù. Á¦¾ÈµÈ ÇÑ ¼³¸íÀº ¿À¸¥¹ß¿¡ Àû¿ëµÇ´Â ÀÚ±ØÀ» °¨ÁöÇÏ´Â ³úÀÇ ¿ÞÂÊ ¸éÀÌ ¿ôÀ½°ú °°Àº ±àÁ¤ÀûÀÎ °¨Á¤°ú ¿¬°üµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¸¶Áö¸· ¹®Àå One suggested ¡¦ laughter.¿¡¼­ ¨ë°¡ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÔÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (±¸¹®) One suggested explanation is _that_ the left side of the brain, which detects stimuli applied to the right foot, _is associated_ with positive emotions such as laughter.: that ¡¦ laughter´Â º¸¾îÀýÀÌ´Ù. is associated´Â ÁÖ¾îÀÎ the left side of the brain°ú ¿¬°áµÈ µ¿»ç ºÎºÐÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * ticklish: °£Áö·³À» Ÿ´Â * pointed: »ÏÁ·ÇÑ * rod: ¸·´ë * stroke: ¾²´Ùµë´Ù, ¾î·ç¸¸Áö´Ù * interval: °£°Ý * confirm: È®ÀÎÇÏ´Ù * push back: (»õ·Î¿î) ÁöÆòÀ» È®ÀåÇÏ´Ù * frontier: °æ°è, ÇÑ°è * stimulus: ÀÚ±Ø(pl. stimuli) * be associated with: ~¿Í °ü·ÃÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù 20. Çؼ®: BuffonÀº ÇÁ¶û½ºÀÇ ·çÀÌ 16¼¼ ¿ÕÀÇ ÅëÄ¡ ½ÃÀý À¯¸íÇÑ µ¿¹°ÇÐÀÚÀÌÀÚ ½Ä¹°ÇÐÀÚ¿´´Ù. BuffonÀº º£¸£»çÀ¯ÀÇ °ø¿ø¿¡ ¾ß»ý µ¿¹°µéÀ» µé¿© ³õ¾Ò´Ù. ±×´Â ¶ÇÇÑ Æĸ®ÀÇ Left Bank¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ½Ä¹°¿øÀ» È®ÀåÇß´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×´Â À§´ëÇÑ ¼öÁý°¡¶ó´Â »ç½Ç¿¡ ¾î¿ï¸®´Â ÀڽۨÀ¸·Î Á¾ÇÕÀûÀÎ ¼¼°è ÀÚ¿¬»ç¿¡ °üÇØ ±ÛÀ» ¾²±â ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ±× ÀÛÇ°¿¡¼­ BuffonÀº ½Å¼¼°è(¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä« ´ë·ú)ÀÇ ÅäÂø µ¿¹°µéÀº À¯·´ÀÇ ÅäÂø µ¿¹°º¸´Ù ÀÛÀ¸¸ç, ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«ÀÇ µ¿¹° Á¾ÀÇ ¼ö°¡ ´õ Àû°í, ½ÉÁö¾î À¯·´ÀÇ ±æµé¿©Áø µ¿¹° Á¾µéµµ ´ë¼­¾çÀ» °Ç³Ê¸é¼­ Å©±â¿Í ÈûÀÌ ÁÙ¾îµé¾ú´Ù´Â ÆíÇâµÈ ÀÇ°ßÀ» Ç¥¸íÇß´Ù. ºÐ¸íÈ÷, ±×ÀÇ ÀÇ°ßµéÀº ȯ¿µ¹ÞÁö ¾Ê¾Ò°í ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«¿¡¼­ Ȥµ¶ÇÏ°Ô ºñÆÇÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. (Çؼ³) BuffonÀº ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«ÀÇ µ¿¹° Á¾ÀÌ ´õ Àû´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇßÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¨ê´Â ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. (±¸¹®) In that work, Buffon expressed the biased opinion _that_ native animals of the New World are smaller than those of Europe, _that_ there are fewer species of animals in America, and _that_ even domesticated species of European animals diminished in size and vigor upon crossing the Atlantic.: the biased opinion°ú ÀÇ¹Ì»ó µ¿°ÝÀ» ÀÌ·ç´Â ÀýÀº that native ¡¦ Europe°ú that ¡¦ America¿Í that ¡¦ AtlanticÀÌ´Ù. ´ë¸í»ç those´Â native animalsÀÇ ¹Ýº¹À» ÇÇÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¾²¿´´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * zoologist: µ¿¹°ÇÐÀÚ * botanist: ½Ä¹°ÇÐÀÚ * reign: ÅëÄ¡ * monarch: ±ºÁÖ * stock A with B: A¿¡ B¸¦ µé¿©³õ´Ù * expand: È®ÀåÇÏ´Ù * botanical garden: ½Ä¹°¿ø * comprehensive: Æ÷°ýÀûÀÎ, Á¾ÇÕÀûÀÎ * biased: ÆíÇâµÈ * diminish: ÁÙ´Ù, °¨¼ÒµÇ´Ù * vigor: Èû, ±â·Â 21. Çؼ®: Khyber Pass·Î °¡´Â ±æ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÀÌÀüÀÇ ´ë»óÀÇ Áß½ÉÁö¿´´ø, Ȳ±Ý µµ½Ã·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁø Jaisalmer´Â ¸ð·¡ÀÇ ¹Ù´Ù·ÎºÎÅÍ ¼Ú¾Æ³ª ÀÖ°í, ±× 30ÇÇÆ® ³ôÀÌÀÇ º®°ú Áß¼¼ÀÇ »ç¾ÏÀ¸·Î µÈ ¿ä»õ´Â »çÆÄÀÌ¾î ºû Çϴ÷Π¼Ú¾Æ¿À¸¥ ±ÃÀüµéÀ» º¸È£ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±¸ºÒ±¸ºÒÇÑ Á¼Àº ±æ°ú ¼û°ÜÁø »ç¿øµéÀ» °¡Áø Jaisalmer´Â ¡®¾Æ¶óºñ¾È³ªÀÌÆ®¡¯¿¡¼­ ¸· Æ¢¾î³ª¿Â °Í °°´Ù. ÀÌ°÷ÀÇ »ýÈ° ¹æ½ÄÀº °ÅÀÇ º¯ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Æ¼­ 13¼¼±â·Î °Å½½·¯ ¿Ã¶ó°£ ´ç½Å ÀÚ½ÅÀ» »ó»óÇϱⰡ ½±´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº Àα¸ÀÇ 4ºÐÀÇ 1ÀÌ ¼ºº® ¾È¿¡ »ì¸é¼­ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ±â´ÉÀ» ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ÀεµÀÇ À¯ÀÏÇÑ ¿ä»õ µµ½ÃÀÌ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ´Ã ´Ù´Ï´Â ±æ¿¡¼­ ÃæºÐÈ÷ ¸Ö¸® ¶³¾îÁ® À־ °ü±¤°´À¸·Î ÀÎÇÑ ÇÇÇظ¦ ¸ð¸éÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±× µµ½Ã°¡ ºÎÀ¯ÇØÁø °ÍÀº ¿ø·¡ Áö³ª°¡´Â »óÀε鿡°Ô ºÎ°úÇÑ »ó´çÇÑ ÅëÇà·á¿¡¼­ ºñ·ÔµÇ¾ú´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¸¶Áö¸· ¹®Àå the substantial tolls it placed on passing merchants¿¡¼­ ¨ë°¡ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÔÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (±¸¹®) 46^^_Known as the Golden City_, Jaisalmer, a former caravan center on the route to the Khyber Pass, rises from a sea of sand, 46^^_its 30-foot-high walls and medieval sandstone fort sheltering_ palaces that soar into the sapphire sky.: Known ¡¦ City´Â Àǹ̻óÀÇ Á־ ÁÖÀýÀÇ ÁÖ¾î JaisalmerÀÎ ºÐ»ç±¸¹®À̸ç, its ¡¦ shelteringÀº Àǹ̻óÀÇ Á־ its 30-foot-high walls and medieval sandstone fortÀÎ µ¶¸³ºÐ»ç±¸¹®ÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) 142ÂÊ * caravan: ´ë»ó * route: ±æ * medieval: Áß¼¼ÀÇ * fort: ¿ä»õ * soar: Ä¡¼Ú´Ù * alter: ´Þ¶óÁö´Ù, º¯°æµÇ´Ù * function: ±â´ÉÀ» ÇÏ´Ù * beaten path: (»ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¸¹ÀÌ ´Ù³à¼­) ¹â¾Æ ´ÙÁ®Áø ±æ * spare: ¸ð¸éÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Ù * substantial: »ó´çÇÑ (¾çÀÇ), ¸¹Àº * toll: ÅëÇà·á 22. Çؼ®: 16¼¼±âÀÇ °¡Àå À¯¸íÇÑ ¿©¼º È­°¡ÀÎ Sofonisba Anguissola´Â ÀÌÅ»¸®¾ÆÀÇ ±ÍÁ· °¡¹®¿¡¼­ ž´Ù. ±×³àÀÇ ¾î¸Ó´Ï´Â Àþ¾î¼­ Á×¾ú°í, ºÎÀ¯ÇÑ ³²Æí¿¡°Ô Àç´É ÀÖ´Â ´Ù¼¸ µþÀ» ³²°å´Ù. ±× ´ç½Ã·Î´Â ƯÀÌÇÏ°Ô ÀÌ ÀÚÀ¯ÁÖÀÇÀûÀÎ ¾Æ¹öÁö´Â Àڱ⠵þµé¿¡°Ô ±×¸²À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ¿ÏÀüÇÑ °íÀü ±³À°À» ½ÃÄ×´Ù. Anguissola°¡ ½ºÆäÀÎ ±ÃÁ¤ÀÇ ÃÊ»óÈ­°¡·Î¼­ »ý°è¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú°í ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °è±Þ°ú ¼ºÀÇ Á¦¾àÀ» ÃÊ¿ùÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» µµ¿Ô´ø °ÍÀº ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ·± °è¸ùµÈ ŵµ ´öºÐÀ̾ú´Ù. ¡®Ã¼½º¸¦ ÇÏ´Â ¼¼ Àڸš¯¿¡¼­ Anguissola´Â ±×³à°¡ ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Àå¸éµé°ú ¸ðµ¨µé¿¡ ÁýÁßÇÏ¿© °¡Á¤ÀûÀÎ ¹è°æ¿¡¼­ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀڸŵéÀ» ±×¸²À¸·Î½á ÀüÅë°ú °áº°Çß´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÃÊ»óÈ­¿¡ ÇöÀå°¨À» ÁÖ¾ú°í, ÀÌ·Î ÀÎÇØ µ¿½Ã´ëÀÇ ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ ¹Ì¼ú ¿ª»ç°¡ÀÎ Vasari´Â Çü½Ä¿¡ ¾ô¸ÅÀÎ Á¤¸éÀ̳ª Ãø¸éÀÇ ÃÊ»óÈ­¿Í´Â ´Þ¸®, °ÝÀÇ ¾ø´Â ¸ð½ÀÀÇ ÃÊ»óÈ­ÀÇ ¹ß´ÞÀÌ ±×³à¿¡°Ô¼­ ºñ·ÔµÈ °ÍÀ¸·Î µ¹¸± ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. (Çؼ³) Çü½Ä¿¡ ¾ô¸ÅÀÎ Á¤¸éÀ̳ª Ãø¸éÀÇ ÃÊ»óÈ­¿Í´Â ´Þ¸®, °ÝÀÇ ¾ø´Â ¸ð½ÀÀÇ ÃÊ»óÈ­ÀÇ ¹ß´ÞÀº Anguissola¿¡°Ô¼­ ºñ·ÔµÈ °ÍÀ¸·Î º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇßÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¨ë´Â ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. (±¸¹®) _It was_ this enlightened attitude _that enabled_ Anguissola to earn her own living as a portrait painter in the Spanish court and _helped_ her to rise above the restrictions of her class and gender.: 'It was ¡¦ that ¡¦' °­Á¶±¸¹®À¸·Î ÁÖ¾î this enlightened attitude°¡ °­Á¶µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. µ¿»ç enabled¿Í helped°¡ and·Î ¿¬°áµÇ¾î º´·Ä ±¸Á¶¸¦ ÀÌ·ç°í ÀÖ´Ù. 'enable£«¸ñÀû¾î£«toºÎÁ¤»ç((¸ñÀû¾î)°¡ ~ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇÏ´Ù)' ±¸¹®À¸·Î º¸¾î·Î toºÎÁ¤»ç°¡ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * liberal: ÀÚÀ¯ÁÖÀÇÀûÀÎ * enlightened: °è¸ùµÈ * portrait: ÃÊ»óÈ­ * restriction: Á¦¾à * immediacy: ÇöÀå°¨, Á÷Á¢¼º * contemporary: µ¿½Ã´ëÀÇ * attribute: ~ÀÇ ´öºÐÀ¸·Î µ¹¸®´Ù, ~ÀÇ Å¿À¸·Î ÇÏ´Ù * conversational: °ÝÀÇ ¾ø´Â * as opposed to: ~¿Í´Â ´Þ¸®, ~¿Í´Â ¹Ý´ë·Î * frontal: Á¤¸éÀÇ * profile: Ãø¸éÀÇ, ¿·¾ó±¼ÀÇ 23. Çؼ®: ±×°ÍÀÇ »çÃÌ°ÝÀÎ Å«ÀԹ轺ó·³ ÀÛÀºÀԹ轺´Â ¹Ì½Ã½ÃÇÇ °­ À¯¿ªÀÌ ¿ø»êÁöÀε¥, ±× À¯¿ªÀº ±×°ÍÀ» ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ ÇÙ½É Áö¿ª ¹°°í±â·Î ¸¸µç´Ù. Å«ÀԹ轺´Â ¸ÔÀ̸¦ Áö´Ï°í ÀÖ´Â ¼öÃÊ°¡ ¸¹Àº À¯¼ÓÀÌ ´À¸®°í Á¶¿ëÇÑ ¹°À» ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Â ¹Ý¸é¿¡, ÀÛÀºÀԹ轺´Â ±ú²ýÇÏ°í µ¹ÀÌ ¸¹Àº ¹Ù´Ú°ú À¯¼ÓÀÌ ´õ ºü¸¥ °÷À» ÁÁ¾ÆÇϸç 65¢µ~68¢µ À̳»ÀÇ ¿Âµµ°¡ ÀÌ»óÀûÀÌ´Ù. 73¢µ º¸´Ù ´õ µû¶æÇÑ ¹°¿¡¼­´Â ±×°ÍÀ» ãÀ» ¼ö ¾øÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. È£¼ö¿¡¼­´Â ÀÛÀºÀԹ轺°¡ ¼ö¸é°¡±îÀÌ¿¡ ¶¼Áö¾î ¸ô·Áµå´Âµ¥, ±×°ÍÀº ÇÑ ¸¶¸®¸¦ ÀâÀ¸¸é ÇÑ ¹«¸®¸¦ ÀâÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. °­°ú ½Ã³»¿¡¼­´Â ±×°ÍµéÀº ´Üµ¶À¸·Î Áö³»´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ´õ ¸¹´Ù. ÀÛÀºÀԹ轺´Â ±×°ÍÀÇ ¿·¸é¿¡ ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ °ËÀº ¼öÁ÷ÀÇ ¶ì¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. µîÁö´À·¯¹Ì´Â (Å«ÀԹ轺ÀÇ ºÐ¸®µÈ µîÁö´À·¯¹Ì¿Í´Â ¹Ý´ë·Î) ÇϳªÀÇ ¿¬¼ÓÀûÀÎ Áö´À·¯¹ÌÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) The smallmouth has a series of dark vertical bands along its sides.¿¡¼­ ¨ë°¡ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÔÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (±¸¹®) In lakes, smallmouth often school up, _which_ means that if you catch one, you can catch a bunch.: which´Â ¾Õ Àý Àüü¸¦ ¹Þ´Â °è¼ÓÀû ¿ë¹ýÀÇ °ü°è´ë¸í»ç·Î, and it ~À¸·Î ¹Ù²ã ¾µ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * native: ÅäÂøÁ¾ * drainage: À¯¿ª, ¹è¼ö ±¸¿ª * heartland: ÇÙ½É Áö¿ª, Á᫐ Áö¿ª * swift: (¹°»ìÀÌ) ºü¸¥ * range: ¹üÀ§ * school up: ¼ö¸é °¡±îÀÌ¿¡ ¶¼Áö¾î ¸ô·Áµé´Ù * solitary: È¥ÀÚÀÇ, °íµ¶ÇÑ * vertical: ¼öÁ÷ÀÇ * separated: ºÐ¸®µÈ 24. Çؼ®: 1960³â´ëºÎÅÍ ½ÃÀÛÇØ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ µ¿±¼°ú °­ ±×¸®°í Àýº®À» Ž»çÇϱâ À§ÇØ ÀÌÀü¿¡ °øÀå µµ½Ã¿´´ø Chattanooga·Î ¸ð¿©µé¾ú´Ù. °ð µµ½Ã¸¦ µÑ·¯½Î°í ÀÖ´Â 3,800°³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ µ¿±¼µéÀÌ ¹ß°ßµÇ¾ú´Ù. ±Ùó¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Ocoee´Â ±¹³»¿¡¼­ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ °¡Àå ¸¹ÀÌ ³ë¸¦ Àú¾ú´ø °­µé¿¡ ¼ÓÇßÀ¸¸ç, ¿©¼¸ °³ÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä µî¹Ý Àå¼Ò°¡ µµ½Ã °æ°è¿¡¼­ Â÷·Î ÇÑ ½Ã°£ À̳»ÀÇ °Å¸®¿¡ »ý°å´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ ¹«ÇÑÇÑ ¾ß¿Ü È°µ¿ÀÇ ÀáÀç·Â¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í, Chattanooga º»·¡ÀÇ ¹®Á¦Á¡Àº ³²¾Æ ÀÖ¾ú´Âµ¥, ±×°ÍÀº ±× µµ½Ã°¡ »ê¾÷È­ ÈÄÀÇ È²ÆóÇÑ Áö¿ªÀ¸·Î ¹æ¹®Àº ÇÏÁö¸¸ °áÄÚ »ì°í ½ÍÁö´Â ¾ÊÀº ±×·¯ÇÑ Á¾·ùÀÇ µµ½Ã·Î ¸¸µç´Ù´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. Á»´õ Á¤È®È÷ ¸»Çϸé, ÃÖ±Ù¿¡¼­¾ß ºñ·Î¼Ò ±×·¸Áö ¾Ê°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. Áö³­ 10³â°£¿¡ °ÉÃļ­, Chattanooga´Â ¹ÏÀ» ¼ö ¾øÀ» µµ½Ã·Î º¹±¸µÇ¾ú´Âµ¥, Àü±â ¹ö 143ÂÊ ½º¿Í À¯±â³ó ½ÃÀåÀÌ »ý°å°í ÀϾï ÀÌõ¸¸ ´Þ·¯ÀÇ °­º¯ Áö¿ª º¹±¸ »ç¾÷ÀÌ Áö³­ÇØ¿¡ ³¡³µ´Ù. °Ô´Ù°¡, Æ÷½ºÅ͸ð´ø ¾ç½ÄÀÇ ¹Ú¹°°ü°ú »õ·Ó°Ô ¸®¸ðµ¨¸µµÈ ¼öÁ·°ü°ú °°Àº ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î Çö´ë½Ä °ÇÃ๰ÀÌ ChattanoogaÀÇ º¹±Í¿¡ Å« ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (Çؼ³) a 120-million-dollar riverfront restoration project completed last year¿¡¼­ º¹±¸»ç¾÷ÀÌ ÀÌ¹Ì ³¡³µÀ½À» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¨ê´Â ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. (±¸¹®) But _in spite of_ this boundless outdoors potential, there remained the problem of Chattanooga proper, a post-industrial wasteland _that_ made the city the kind of place (which) you would visit but would never want to live in.: in spite of ´ÙÀ½¿¡´Â ¸í»ç(±¸)°¡ ¸ñÀû¾î·Î ¾²À̸ç ÀýÀº ¿Ã ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. thatÀº ¾Õ¿¡ ³ª¿Â a post-industrial wasteland°¡ ¼±Çà»çÀÎ °ü°è´ë¸í»çÀ̸ç, place ´ÙÀ½¿¡µµ ¸ñÀû°Ý °ü°è´ë¸í»ç which°¡ »ý·«µÇ¾ú´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * flood into: ~·Î ¸ô·Áµé´Ù * explore: Ž»çÇÏ´Ù * surround: µÑ·¯½Î´Ù * paddle: ³ë¸¦ Á£´Ù * boundless: ¹«ÇÑÇÑ * potential: ÀáÀç·Â * incredible: ¹ÏÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Â * comeback: º¹±Í * organic: À¯±â³óÀÇ * restoration: º¹±¸ * aquarium: ¼öÁ·°ü 25. Çؼ®: ³×´ú¶õµå¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Scheldt °­¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¹æÆÄÁ¦´Â ¼¼°è¿¡¼­ °¡Àå Å« Á¶¼ö ¹ü¶÷ ¹æÆÄÁ¦ÀÌ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº Zeeland ÁÖ¸¦ Áö¼ÓÀûÀÎ È«¼öÀÇ À§ÇùÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ º¸È£ÇØ ÁØ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº 1953³âÀÇ ºñÂüÇÑ È«¼ö°¡ ÀϾ ÈÄ ¼¼¿öÁ³´ø ´ë±Ô¸ð ¹æÁ¶ °èȹÀÇ ÀÏȯÀÎ Delta ProjectÀÇ ÀϺθ¦ Çü¼ºÇϸ鼭, 1987³â¿¡ ¿Ï°øµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¿ø·¡ °èȹ´ë·Î¶ó¸é ±× ¹æÆÄÁ¦´Â °ß°íÇÑ ´ï ±¸Á¶·Î Áö¾îÁ®¼­ Á¶¼öÀÇ È帧À» ±Þ°ÝÇÏ°Ô ¸·°Ô µÇ¾î Scheldt °­ µ¿ÂÊ ÇØ»ó ȯ°æÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀ» Æı«ÇßÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª 1973³â¿¡ ÇÑ Ä·ÆäÀο¡ ÀÇÇØ ±× °èȹÀº ÁßÁöµÇ¾ú´Ù. ±× °èȹÀº ¾öû³ª°Ô º¯ÇüµÈ »õ·Î¿î ÇüÅ·Π4³â ÈÄ¿¡ Àç°³µÇ¾ú´Ù. »õ·Î ¼³°èµÈ ¹æÆÄÁ¦´Â Á¶¼ö¸¦ ¿µ±¸ÀûÀ¸·Î ¹ÐÆóÇÏ´Â ´ë½Å Á¶¼öÀÇ È帧À» 25ÆÛ¼¾Æ®¸¸ Á¦ÇÑÇϵµ·Ï ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ÇöÀç Á¶¼ö¿¡ Á¤»óÀûÀ¸·Î °³¹æµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. öÁ¦ ¼ö¹®Àº Á¤»ó ¼öÀ§ÀÇ 3¹ÌÅÍ À§·Î ¼öÀ§°¡ »ó½ÂÇÒ ¶§¸¸ ´ÝÇô¼­ ±Øµµ·Î ¼öÀ§°¡ ³ôÀº Á¶¼ö¸¦ Á¦ÁöÇÑ´Ù. (Çؼ³) Á¤»ó ¼öÀ§º¸´Ù 3¹ÌÅÍ ³ôÀº À§Ä¡¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÏ¸é ¼ö¹®ÀÌ ´ÝÈ÷°Ô µÈ´Ù°í ÇßÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¨ë°¡ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÑ´Ù. (±¸¹®) * As originally planned, the barrier _was to be_ a solid dam that, by drastically restricting tidal flows, _would have destroyed_ much of the marine environment on the Eastern Scheldt.: was to be´Â ¿¹Á¤À» ³ªÅ¸³»¸ç was going to beÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ °®´Â´Ù. would have destroyed´Â ¡®~ÇßÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù¡¯ÀÇ Àǹ̷Π°ú°Å¿¡ ÀϾÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ» °Í °°Àº »ç½ÇÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. * _It is_ only when water levels reach 3 meters above normal _that_ steel gates close shut ~: ºÎ»çÀý(only ¡¦ normal)ÀÌ 'it is ¡¦ that ¡¦' °­Á¶±¸¹®À¸·Î °­Á¶µÈ ÇüÅÂÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * barrier: ¹æº®, ¹æÆÄÁ¦ * constant: Áö¼ÓÀûÀÎ * sea-defense: ¹æÁ¶ * disastrous: ºñÂüÇÑ * flood: È«¼ö * drastically: °­·ÂÇÏ°Ô, ±Þ°ÝÇÏ°Ô * restrict: Á¦ÇÑÇÏ´Ù * destroy: Æı«ÇÏ´Ù * suspend: Áß´ÜÇÏ´Ù * permanently: ¿µ±¸ÀûÀ¸·Î * seal: ¹ÐºÀÇÏ´Ù * extreme: ÃÖ°íÀÇ, ±Ø´ÜÀÇ 26. Çؼ®: ÇÑ ¹è¿¡¼­ ³ª¼­ ºÎÈ­ ÈÄ °ð È°µ¿ÇÏ´Â »õµéÀÇ »õ³¢µéÀº °¡´ÉÇÑ ÇÑ ¼­·Î °¡±î¿î ½Ã±â¿¡ ºÎÈ­ÇÏ·Á´Â °­·ÂÇÑ µ¿±â¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. óÀ½ ºÎÈ­ÇÑ »õ³¢¿Í ¾ö¸¶´Â ¼ö ½Ã°£ ³»¿¡ À̵¿À» Çϴµ¥, ¾Ë ¼Ó¿¡ ³²°ÜÁø »õ³¢µéÀº Á×°Ô µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Á¾µéÀÇ ¾ËµéÀÌ ¼­·Î ¶³¾îÁ® Ç°¾îÁú ¶§´Â ºÎÈ­ ½Ã°£ÀÌ ¸çÄ¥ÀÇ ±â°£À» µÎ°í ÆÛÁ® ÀÖÁö¸¸ ÇÔ²² ¸ð¿© ÀÖÀ¸¸é ºÎÈ­ ½Ã°£ÀÌ ÇѵΠ½Ã°£ À̳»·Î °¡±î¿öÁø´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÅëÇÕ ºÎÈ­´Â »õ³¢µéÀÌ ¾ÆÁ÷ ¾Ë ¼Ó¿¡ ÀÖÀ» ¶§ À½¼º ½ÅÈ£¸¦ ¼­·Î ÁÖ°í¹Þ´Â °ÍÀ» ÅëÇØ ¾ò¾îÁø´Ù. °¡Àå Ư¡ÀûÀÎ ¼Ò¸®´Â ±ÔÄ¢ÀûÀ¸·Î Àç±ï°Å¸®´Â Å« ¼Ò¸®·Î, ºÎÈ­ ¹Ù·Î Àü±îÁö Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ²®µ¥±â¸¦ µÎµå¸®´Â °ÍÀ» ÅëÇؼ­ ¹ß»ýµÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó È£Èí ¿îµ¿°ú ¿¬°üµÈ ¹ß¼ºÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) »õ³¢µéÀÌ ¼Ò¸®¸¦ ³»´Â °ÍÀº ²®µ¥±â¸¦ µÎµå¸®´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó(not caused by a tapping against the shell) È£Èí°ú °ü·ÃµÈ ¹ß¼º(vocalization)À̶ó°í ÇßÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¨ë´Â ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. (±¸¹®) The young of precocial birds _belonging_ to the same clutch have a strong incentive to hatch 46^^_as close together in time as possible_.: belonging to´Â ¾Õ¿¡ ³ª¿Â ¸í»ç±¸¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇϸç, as close together in time as possibleÀº 'as£«ºÎ»ç±¸£«as possible(°¡´ÉÇÑ ~ÇÑ(ÇÏ°Ô)' ±¸¹®À¸·Î µ¿»ç hatch¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * incentive: µ¿±â, ÀÚ±Ø * hatch: ºÎÈ­ÇÏ´Ù * chick: »õ³¢, º´¾Æ¸® * coordinated: ÅëÇÕµÈ * characteristic: µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ, ƯÀ¯ÀÇ, ƯÁú ÀÖ´Â * regular: ±ÔÄ¢ÀûÀÎ * persistent: Áö¼ÓÀûÀÎ * prior to: ~ÀÇ ÀÌÀü¿¡ * shell: ²®Áú * vocalization: ¹ß¼º * associated with: ~¿Í ¿¬°üµÈ 144ÂÊ 27. Çؼ®: ÄÚ½ºÅ¸¸®Ä«´Â ½ºÆäÀξî·Î ¡®Ç³ºÎÇÑ Çؾȡ¯À» ¶æÇÑ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº 1502³â¿¡ ¹ß°ßµÇ¾ú°í Å©¸®½ºÅäÆÛ ÄÝ·³ºÎ½º¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¸í¸íµÇ¾ú´Âµ¥, ±×´Â ±×°ÍÀÌ ±ÝÀÌ ³ª¿À´Â ±ÝÀÌ Ç³ºÎÇÑ ¶¥ÀÏ °ÍÀ̶ó°í »ý°¢Çß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÄÚ½ºÅ¸¸®Ä«´Â °áÄÚ ¸¹Àº ±¤¹° ÀÚ¿øÀ» °®°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù. ´ë½Å¿¡ ±×°ÍÀº ºñ¿ÁÇÑ Åä¾ç°ú ¿ÂÈ­ÇÑ ±âÈĸ¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ ¶óƾ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«ÀÇ ±¹°¡µéÀÌ ¿ÜºÎ Áö¿ªÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÂøÃ븦 ´çÇÏ°í ºÎÀÚ¿Í °¡³­ÇÑ »ç¶÷µé »çÀÌÀÇ °èÃþ °¥µîÀ¸·Î ³ª´©¾îÁø »çȸ¸¦ ¹ßÀü½ÃŲ ¹Ý¸é¿¡ ÄÚ½ºÅ¸¸®Ä«´Â ¹«¼öÇÑ ¼Ò³óÀ¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ ³ó¾÷ °æÁ¦¸¦ ¹ßÀü½ÃÄ×´Ù. ´ë´ÜÇÑ ºÎ¸¦ °®°í ÀÖÁö´Â ¾ÊÁö¸¸, °¡Áø °ÍÀº ±ÕµîÇÏ°Ô ºÐ¹èµÇ¾ú´Ù. ÄÚ½ºÅ¸¸®Ä«´Â 1821³â¿¡ ½ºÆäÀÎÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ µ¶¸³ÇÑ ´ÙÀ½¿¡µµ ±×°ÍÀÇ Æ¯º°ÇÑ ¹ß´ÞÀ» Áö¼ÓÇßÀ¸¸ç, ³²¹Ì¿¡¼­ ÃÖÃÊ·Î ³ë¿¹ Á¦µµ¸¦ ÆóÁöÇÑ ±¹°¡°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù. 1889³â¿¡ ÀÌ ÀÛÀº ±¹°¡´Â ¶óƾ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä« ÃÖÃÊ·Î ÀÚÀ¯¼±°Å¸¦ ½Ç½ÃÇß´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¸¶Áö¸· ¹®Àå the little nation held the first free election in Latin America¿¡¼­ ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖµíÀÌ, ÄÚ½ºÅ¸¸®Ä«´Â ¶óƾ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä« ÃÖÃÊ·Î ÀÚÀ¯ ¼±°Å¸¦ ½Ç½ÃÇÏ¿´À¸¹Ç·Î, ¨ë´Â ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. (±¸¹®) _While_ other Latin American nations suffered exploitation from outside the region and developed societies _split_ by class conflict between rich and poor, Costa Rica developed an agricultural economy _made_ up of numerous small farmers.: WhileÀº ¡®~ÇÏ´Â ¹Ý¸é¿¡¡¯¶ó´Â Àǹ̸¦ °®´Â Á¢¼Ó»çÀÌ´Ù. °ú°ÅºÐ»ç·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â split ¡¦ poor¿Í made up ¡¦ farmers´Â °¢°¢ ¾Õ¿¡ ³ª¿Â ¸í»ç±¸¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * moderate: ¿ÂÈ­ÇÑ, ¾Ë¸ÂÀº * exploitation: ÂøÃë, °³¹ß * numerous: ¹«¼öÇÑ * evenly: ±ÕµîÇÏ°Ô * abolish: ÆóÁöÇÏ´Ù * slavery: ³ë¿¹ Á¦µµ 28. Çؼ®: 1960³â´ë ÃÊ¿¡ ÇнÀ Àå¾Ö¸¦ °¡Áø µÎ ¾ÆµéÀÇ ¾î¸Ó´ÏÀÎ Jill Norris´Â ´Ù¸¥ °¡Á·µé°ú ÀûÀýÇÑ Àå³­°¨À» ±³È¯Çϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇßÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ°ÍÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ±×³à´Â Àå³­°¨ µµ¼­°ü Çùȸ(TLA)¸¦ ¼³¸³Çß´Ù. ÀÌ Çùȸ´Â Àü¼¼°èÀÇ Áö¿ª ¼¾ÅÍ, ÀÇ¿ø, Çб³, °ø°øµµ¼­°ü°ú º´¿ø¿¡ Àå³­°¨ µµ¼­°üÀ» °³°üÇß´Ù. ºÎ¸ð¿Í ¾î¸°À̵éÀº Àå³­°¨ÀÌ ³îÀÌÀÇ °¡Ä¡»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¾ÈÀüÀ» À§ÇØ Ã¶ÀúÇÏ°Ô ½ÃÇèÇØ º¸°í °Ë»çµÇ¾ú´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÌ·± Àå³­°¨ µµ¼­°ü¿¡¼­ Àå³­°¨À» ºô¸± ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¿©·¯ ÇØ¿¡ °ÉÃÄ ÀÌ Çùȸ´Â ƯÁ¤ÇÑ Àå³­°¨°ú ³îÀÌÀÇ ¾ç»ó¿¡ °üÇÑ ¹«¼öÇÑ ÃâÆǹ°À» »ý»êÇÏ´Â µ¥ ºÎ¸ð¿Í ÇÔ²² ÁÖµµÀûÀÎ Àü¹® ±³À°ÀÚ¿Í Ä¡·á»çµéÀ» Æ÷ÇÔ½ÃÄ×´Ù. ÃÊâ±â¿¡ ÀÌ Çùȸ´Â ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÌ Àå³­°¨À» ºô¸²¿¡ µû¶ó Àå³­°¨ ÆǸŸ¦ °¨¼Ò½Ãų ¼ö Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ Àå³­°¨ ¾÷°èÀÇ ¹Ý´ë¸¦ ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¸¶Áö¸· ¹®Àå the association was opposed by the toy industry¿¡¼­ ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖµíÀÌ Àå³­°¨ ¾÷°èÀÇ È¯¿µÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¹Ý´ë¸¦ ¹Þ¾ÒÀ½À» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¨ë´Â ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. (±¸¹®) From these toy libraries parents and children could borrow toys _knowing_ that _they_ have been thoroughly tried and tested, _not only_ for their play value _but also_ for safety.: knowing ÀÌÇÏ´Â ºÎ´ë»óȲÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ºÐ»ç±¸¹®À¸·Î thatÀýÀ» ¸ñÀû¾î·Î ÃëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. »ó°üÁ¢¼Ó»ç 'not only ¡¦ but also ¡¦' ´ÙÀ½¿¡ 'ÀüÄ¡»ç£«¸ñÀû¾î'°¡ ¿¬°áµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * appropriate: ÀûÇÕÇÑ, ÀûÀýÇÑ * found: ¼³¸³ÇÏ´Ù * thoroughly: öÀúÈ÷ * therapist: Ä¡·á»ç * alongside: ~¿Í ÇÔ²² * publication: ÃâÆÇ(¹°) 29. Çؼ®: RPC´Â 1996³â¿¡ ¼³¸³µÈ °ÍÀ¸·Î ½º½º·Î¸¦ »çȸÀÇ º¯È­¸¦ À§ÇØ ½Î¿ì´Â Áøº¸ ´Üü·Î ¹¦»çÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ´Üü´Â ´Ù¹ÎÁ·À¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ ´Ù¾çÇÑ À̽´¸¦ ´Ù·ç´Â, ±¹Á¦È¸¿øÀ» Áö´Ñ ´ÜüÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ´ÜüÀÇ ¼Ò¸íÀº ³ª¶ó¿Í ¼¼°è¸¦ »çȸÀû, ÀÎÁ¾Àû, °æÁ¦Àû Á¤ÀÇ·Î À̲ô´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ´ÜüÀÇ º»ºÎ´Â ½ÃÄ«°í¿¡ ÀÖ°í, ÁÖ¿ä ÁöºÎµéÀº ¿ö½ÌÅÏ DC¿Í ´º¿å°ú LA¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ´Üü´Â ¼ö½Ê¸¸ ¸íÀÇ À¯±ÇÀÚµéÀ» µî·ÏÇÏ´Â µ¥ ¼º°øÇß°í, ¸¹Àº °ø¹«¿øµéÀ» ¼±ÃâÇÏ´Â µ¥ µµ¿òÀ» ÁÖ¾ú°í, ³ëµ¿ ºÐÀïµéÀ» Á¶Á¤Çß°í, HaitiÀÇ °ø°ø Á¤Ã¥¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ³¢ÃÆ°í, ¸¹Àº ¿©·¯ ºÐ¾ß¿¡¼­ ¼Ò¼öÀÚµéÀ» À§ÇÑ Àü¹® Á÷Á¾À» È®º¸ÇÏ´Â µ¥ µµ¿òÀ» ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ´Üü´Â ¶ÇÇÑ °øÁ¤ ÁÖÅà °Å·¡¿Í ¾ç¼º Æòµî°ú ȯ°æ Á¤ÀÇ¿Í °°Àº À̽´¸¦ À§ÇØ ³ë·ÂÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (Çؼ³) ÈĹݺÎÀÇ affected public policy in Haiti¿¡¼­ ¨ê°¡ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÔÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (±¸¹®) The RPC, founded in 1996, describes _itself_ as a progressive organization 46^^_fighting for social change_.: ÁÖ¾îÀÎ The RPC¿Í °°Àº ´ë»óÀ» ÁöĪÇϹǷΠ¸ñÀû¾î´Â Àç±Í´ë¸í»çÀÎ itself¸¦ ½è´Ù. fighting for social change´Â a progressive organizationÀ» ¼ö½ÄÇÑ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * found: ¼³¸³ÇÏ´Ù * progressive: Áøº¸ÀûÀÎ * multiracial: ´Ù¹ÎÁ·ÀÇ * mission: ¼Ò¸í * headquarters: º»ºÎ * branch: ÁöºÎ * register: µî·ÏÇÏ´Ù * mediate: Á¶Á¤ÇÏ´Ù * secure: È®º¸ÇÏ´Ù * fair housing: °øÁ¤ ÁÖÅà °Å·¡ * gender: ¼º 145ÂÊ 30. Çؼ®: sacred lotus¶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â ¼ö»ý½Ä¹°Àº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¹ø½Ä¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °ïÃæÀ» ÀÌ·Ó°Ô Çϱâ À§ÇØ ¿Âµµ¸¦ Á¶ÀýÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ½Ä¹°ÀÌ °³È­ ½Ã¿¡´Â ³ªÈê µ¿¾È È­¾¾ 86µµ ÀÌ»ó±îÁö ²ÉÀ» µû¶æÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. °ø±âÀÇ ¿Âµµ°¡ ½ÉÁö¾î È­¾¾ 50µµ Á¤µµ·Î ¼­´ÃÇÒ ¶§¿¡µµ ±×·¸°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ¿­Àº ƯÁ¤ °ïÃæÀ» À¯ÀÎÇÏ´Â Çâ±â¸¦ ¹ß»êÇϴµ¥ ±× °ïÃæµéÀº ÀÌ ²ÉÀ¸·Î ³¯¾Æ µé¾î¿Í¼­ ²Ü°ú ²É°¡·ç¸¦ ¸Ô´Â´Ù. ±×·¯³ª È£ÁÖÀÇ Adelaide ´ëÇб³ÀÇ Roger Seymour¿Í Paul Schultze-Motel¿¡ µû¸£¸é ÀÌ ¿­Àº ´õ ¸¹Àº ÀÏÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. Áï, ÀÌ ¿­Àº ±× °ïÃæµéÀÌ ¸Ô°í, ¦Áþ±âÇÏ°í, ºñÇàÇÒ Áغñ¸¦ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´É·ÂÀ» Çâ»ó½ÃÄÑ ÁÖ´Â ¾ÈÁ¤µÈ ȯ°æÀ» º¸»óÇØ ÁØ´Ù. (Çؼ³) It does so, even when the air is as cool as 50¢ªF.¿¡¼­ ¨éÀÌ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ½À» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©±â¼­ÀÇ does so´Â ¹Ù·Î ¾Õ ¹®ÀåÀÇ heats its blossoms to above 86¢ªF for as long as four days(³ªÈê µ¿¾ÈÀ̳ª È­¾¾ 86µµ ÀÌ»ó±îÁö ²ÉÀ» µû¶æÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù)¸¦ ´ë½ÅÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. (±¸¹®) The heat releases an aroma that attracts certain insects, _which_ fly into the flower _to feed on_ nectar and pollen.: °ü°è»ç which´Â Àǹ̻ó and they ~·Î ¹Ù²ã ¾µ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. to feed onÀº ¸ñÀûÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ºÎ»çÀû ¿ë¹ýÀÇ ºÎÁ¤»çÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * regulate: Á¶ÀýÇÏ´Ù * reproduce: »ý½ÄÇÏ´Ù * blossom: ²É * release: ¹ß»êÇÏ´Ù * aroma: Çâ±â * reward: º¸»óÇÏ´Ù * enhance: Çâ»óÇÏ´Ù * mate: ¦Áþ±âÇÏ´Ù 31. Çؼ®: California¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Colton½Ã´Â ÃÖ±Ù ÇÑ ¸êÁ¾ À§±â¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Æĸ®¸¦ ±¸Á¶Çϱâ À§ÇØ ¾ó¸¶³ª ¸¹Àº µ·À» ÁغñÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾î¾ß Çϴ°¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ ¹ýÀû ºÐÀïµé¿¡ ¿¬·çµÇ¾î Àִµ¥, ±× Áö¿ª ²ÉÀÇ °úÁóÀ» »©¸Ô´Â »ó´çÈ÷ ¿¹»Û °ïÃæÀÎ Delhi Sands Flower-loving Æĸ®°¡ ±×°ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ÀÛÀº »ý¹°Àº ¸êÁ¾ À§±â Á¾À¸·Î ¼±¾ðµÈ ¹Ì±¹ ÃÖÃÊÀÇ Æĸ®¶ó´Â ¿µ¿¹¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ Æĸ®°¡ ¸êÁ¾ À§±â Á¾À¸·Î À̸§ÀÌ µîÀçµÈ Á÷ÈÄ, ÇÑ º´¿øÀÇ ÁÖÂ÷Àå °Ç¼³ÀÌ ÁߴܵǾú´Ù. ±× º´¿øÀº Æĸ® ¼­½ÄÁö·Î »ç¿ë ÁßÀÎ 7¿¡ÀÌÄ¿ÀÇ Áö¿ª¿¡ ÁÖÂ÷ÀåÀ» ÁöÀ» °èȹÀ̾úÁö¸¸ ±×°ÍÀÌ °©Àڱ⠺ҹýÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ º´¿øÀº ±× °èȹÀ» ´Ù½Ã Â¥°í ÁÖÂ÷ÀåÀ» 250ÇÇÆ® ¿Å±â´Â µ¥ 4¹é¸¸ ´Þ·¯¸¦ µé¿©¾ß Çß´Ù. (Çؼ³) Æĸ® ¼­½ÄÁö º¸È£¸¦ À§ÇØ ÇÑ º´¿øÀÇ ÁÖÂ÷Àå °Ç¼³ÀÌ ÁߴܵǾú´Ù(construction of a hospital parking lot was stopped)°í ÇßÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¨éÀÌ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÑ´Ù. (±¸¹®) The hospital then had to _spend_ $4 million _redrawing_ its plans and _moving_ its parking lot 250 feet.: 'spend+µ·+ -ing(¡¦ÇÏ´Â µ¥ µ·À» ¾²´Ù)' ±¸¹®¿¡¼­ redrawing°ú movingÀÌ µîÀ§Á¢¼Ó»ç and·Î ¿¬°áµÇ¾ú´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * be involved in: ~¿¡ ¿¬·çµÇ´Ù * endangered: ¸êÁ¾ À§±â¿¡ óÇÑ * creature: »ý¹° * distinction: ¿µ¿¹, ±¸º° * construction: °Ç¼³ * habitat: ¼­½ÄÁö * parking lot: ÁÖÂ÷Àå 32. Çؼ®: ÇÑ ¶§ Æ÷¸£Åõ°¥ Á¦±¹ÀÇ À¯¸íÇÑ ¹«¿ªÇ×À̾ú´ø Porto´Â ¿À´Ã³¯¿¡´Â ÀØÇôÁø µµ½Ã¶ó´Â ÀλóÀ» ÁØ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ÇؾÈÀ» ÁöÅ°°í ÀÖ´Â °¡Æĸ¥ ¾ð´öÀ» Áö³ª õõÈ÷ ¿òÁ÷ÀÌ´Â Duoro°­ÀÌ ´ë¼­¾çÀ¸·Î Èê·¯µé¾î°¡´Â °÷¿¡ Áö¾îÁ³´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ¹æ¾î¸¦ À§ÇØ Àü·«ÀûÀ¸·Î Áß¿äÇÑ À§Ä¡¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ºÐÁÖÇÑ Áß¼¼ µµ½ÃÀÇ Æ¯Â¡À» ¿©ÀüÈ÷ °£Á÷ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. °­À» ³»·Á´Ùº¸°í ÀÖ´Â Àå¾öÇÑ ¼º°û°ú ¿ÍÀÎ Á¦Á¶ÀÇ Ç³¿ä·Î¿î ¿ª»ç°¡ Àֱ⿡ »ç¶÷µéÀº ±× Ç×±¸°¡ ¼¼°è¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ¹æ¹®°´ÀÌ ¸¹Àº µµ½Ã°¡ µÇ±â¸¦ ±â´ëÇÒÁöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±× µµ½Ã°¡ À̺£¸®¾Æ ¹ÝµµÀÇ ºÏ¼­ÂÊ ¸ðÅüÀÌ¿¡ ¼û°ÜÁ® Àֱ⿡ °ü±¤°´µéÀÌ °ÅÀÇ ¿©ÇàÀ» ¿ÀÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¸¶Áö¸· ¹®ÀåÀ» º¸¸é °ü±¤°´µéÀÌ °ÅÀÇ ¿ÀÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù(few tourists make the trip)´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¨ë´Â ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. (±¸¹®) _With_ its magnificent castles _overlooking_ the river and a rich history of wine making ~.: 'with+¸ñÀû¾î+-ing' ±¸¹®À¸·Î ºÎ´ë»óȲÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»¸ç, ¿©±â¼­´Â its magnificent castles°¡ overlookÀÇ ÁÖüÀ̹ǷΠÇöÀçºÐ»ç¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿´´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * merchant port: ¹«¿ªÇ× * empire: Á¦±¹ * medieval: Áß¼¼ÀÇ * strategically: Àü·«ÀûÀ¸·Î * overlook: ³»·Á´Ùº¸´Ù 33. Çؼ®: ¾î¶² »ç¶÷µéÀº ¼ÒÀ§ ¿ø½ÃÀεéÀÇ ¾ð¾î´Â ³Ê¹« ´Ü¼øÇؼ­ °Ü¿ì ¸î ¹é ´Ü¾î Á¤µµÀÇ ÇÑÁ¤µÈ ¾îÈÖ¸¦ °¡Áø´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº »ç½ÇÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ ¾ð¾îµé°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¾ð¾îµéÀº Ç×»ó »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀ» Ç¥ÇöÇϱâ À§ÇØ µü ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¸¸Å­ ¸¹Àº ´Ü¾îµéÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿µ¾îó·³ ´õ ¡®¹®¸íÈ­µÈ¡¯ ¾ð¾îµéÀÌ °¡Áø °úÇÐÀûÀÌ°í ±â¼úÀûÀÎ ´Ü¾îµéÀº ºÎÁ·ÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ µµ±¸µé, µ¿¹°µé, ½Ä¹°µé, ±×¸®°í ´Ù¸¥ ÀÏ»ó°ú °ü·ÃµÈ ¹°°ÇµéÀ» À§ÇÑ ´Ü¾îµéÀº ¼ö õ °³¿¡ À̸¥´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ³ª¹ÙÈ£Á· Àεð¾ðµéÀ» À§ÇÑ »çÀüµéÀº 11,000°³ÀÇ ³ª¹ÙÈ£ ´Ü¾îµéÀÇ ¸ñ·ÏÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«ÀÇ ÁÙ·çÁ·Àº 17,000°³, ´Ù 146ÂÊ ÄÚŸÁ· Àεð¾ðµéÀº 19,000°³, ¸ß½ÃÄÚ¿Í Á߾ӾƸ޸®Ä«ÀÇ ¸¶¾ßÁ· Àεð¾ðµéÀº 20,000°³ÀÇ ¸ñ·ÏÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. (Çؼ³) µµ±¸, µ¿½Ä¹°, ÀÏ»ó°ú °ü·ÃµÈ ´Ü¾îµéÀÌ ¼öõ °³¿¡ À̸¥´Ù°í ÇßÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¨éÀÌ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÑ´Ù. (±¸¹®) ¡¦ the languages of so-called primitive peoples are _so_ simple _that_ they have limited vocabularies of _only a few_ hundred words.: 'so+Çü¿ë»ç+that' ±¸¹®À¸·Î Á¤µµ¿Í °á°ú¸¦ Ç¥ÇöÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, only a few´Â ¡®¾ÆÁÖ ÀûÀº ¼ö¡¯¶ó´Â ÀǹÌÀ̸ç, º¹¼ö¸í»ç ¾Õ¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * so-called: ¼ÒÀ§ * primitive: ¿ø½ÃÀÇ * limited: ÇÑÁ¤µÈ, ¾ó¸¶ ¾È µÇ´Â * This is not the case.: ÀÌ°ÍÀº »ç½ÇÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù * express: Ç¥ÇöÇÏ´Ù * scientific: °úÇÐÀûÀÎ * technical: ±â¼úÀûÀÎ * civilized: ¹®¸íÈ­µÈ 34. Çؼ®: ¶óƾ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ¿µÇâ·Â ÀÖ´Â ´ÜÆí ¼Ò¼³ ÀÛ°¡ÀΠȣ¸£Çì ·çÀ̽º º¸¸£Ç콺´Â ºÎ¿¡³ë½º ¾ÆÀÌ·¹½º¿¡¼­ ž´Ù. ºÎÀ¯ÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê¾ÒÁö¸¸ ¸í¸ÁÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´ø ±×ÀÇ °¡¹®Àº ¶óƾ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä« ¿ª»ç ¼Ó¿¡¼­ Á¸°æ¹Þ´Â °¡¹®À̾úÀ¸¸ç ±× Áß¿¡´Â ¿©·¯ ¸íÀÇ À¯¸íÇÑ ±º»ç ¿µ¿õµµ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â ¾ÆÈ© »ìÀÌ µÉ ¶§±îÁö Çб³¿¡´Â ´Ù´ÏÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÁö¸¸ ÇÑ ¿µ±¹ÀÎ °¡Á¤±³»ç·ÎºÎÅÍ Áý¿¡¼­ ±³À°À» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ¹ý·üÁ÷¿¡ Á¾»çÇϼ̴ø ¾Æ¹öÁö´Â ±×¿¡°Ô Ã¥À» ¸¹ÀÌ ÀÐÀ¸¶ó°í ±ÇÇØÁ̴ּÙ. 1921³â, ±×´Â ½Ã¿Í ¼öÇʵéÀ» ÃâÆÇÇϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. 1937³â¿¡ µµ¼­°üÀÇ º¸Á¶ »ç¼­·Î ù ¹ø° Á÷ÀåÀ» ¾ò¾ú´Âµ¥, ¾Æ¹öÁö°¡ µ¹¾Æ°¡½Å ÈÄ °¡Á·À» ºÎ¾çÇØ¾ß Ç߱⠶§¹®À̾ú´Ù. ÀÌÈÄ 15³â°£ ±¹Á¦Àû ¸í¼ºÀ» ¾È°ÜÁØ ¸¹Àº ¼öÀÇ ¼Ò¼³À» ÃâÆÇÇßÀ¸¸ç ¹­¾î¼­ ÃÑ 4±ÇÀÇ ºÐ·®À̾ú´Ù. ´õ ªÀº ÇüÅÂÀÇ ¹®ÇÐÀ» ÅëÇؼ­ ±×ÀÇ ÃµÀ缺ÀÌ ÃÖ°í·Î Ç¥ÇöµÇ¾ú±â¿¡ ±×´Â ÀåÆí ¼Ò¼³Àº Àý´ë·Î ½ÃµµÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. (Çؼ³) À¯¸íÇÑ ´ÜÆí¼Ò¼³°¡ º¸¸£Ç콺¿¡ °üÇÑ ±Û·Î ÀåÆí¼Ò¼³Àº ½ÃµµÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ ¸¶Áö¸· ¹®Àå¿¡ ¾ð±ÞµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¨ë°¡ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÑ´Ù. (±¸¹®) His father, 46^^_who practiced law, encouraged_ him _to read_ a lot.: °ü°è´ë¸í»ç who°¡ À̲ô´Â ÀýÀº »ðÀÔ±¸·Î¼­ His father¸¦ º¸Ãæ ¼³¸íÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. encouraged´Â ¸ñÀû°Ýº¸¾î·Î toºÎÁ¤»ç¸¦ ÃëÇÑ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * influential: ¿µÇâ·ÂÀÌ ÀÖ´Â * short-story: ´ÜÆí ¼Ò¼³ * prosperous: ¹ø¿µÇÏ´Â, ¸í¸Á ÀÖ´Â * publish: ÃâÆÇÇÏ´Ù * librarian: »ç¼­ * support: ºÎ¾çÇÏ´Ù; ÁöÅÊÇÏ´Ù * novel: (ÀåÆí) ¼Ò¼³ * genius: õÀç; õÀ缺 35. Çؼ®: AmalfiÀÇ ÀÛÀº ÇØ¾È µµ½ÃÀÇ 1100ÇÇÆ® À§¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇØ ÀÖÀ¸¸é¼­, Ravello´Â ¹Ù´Ùº¸´Ù õ±¹¿¡ ´õ °¡±î¿î °÷À¸·Î ¹¦»çµÇ¾î ¿Ô´Ù. µÎ °³ÀÇ Áö±ØÈ÷ ³¶¸¸ÀûÀÎ Á¤¿øµé, Áï Villa Rufolo¿Í Villa CimbroneÀº ¡®½ÃÀεéÀÌ Á×±â À§ÇØ °¡´Â °÷¡¯À¸·Î¼­ÀÇ ±× ¸í¼ºÀ» ÀÔÁõÇØ ÁØ´Ù. È£ÅÚÀÇ ¼Õ´ÔµéÀº Palazzo Sasso¿¡¼­ ±í°í Ǫ¸¥ ¹Ù´ÙÀÇ ¼û¸·È÷´Â °æÄ¡¸¦ °æÇèÇÒ Èñ¸ÁÀ» °¡Á®µµ ÁÁ´Ù. 12¼¼±â¿¡ °ÇÃàµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç ÀÌÁ¦´Â ȣȭ·Î¿î È£ÅÚÀÎ Palazzo Sasso´Â °æÄ¡¿¡ °üÇÑ ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» °®Ãß°í ÀÖ´Ù. Richard Wagner´Â ¿©±â¿¡¼­ ¸Ó¹«´Â µ¿¾È ParsifalÀÇ ÀϺθ¦ ¾²¸é¼­ 1880³â¿¡ ÀÌ Àå¼Ò¿¡¼­ ¿µ°¨À» ¾ò¾ú´Ù. ¸Å³â ¿©¸§¸¶´Ù ±¹Á¦ÀûÀ¸·Î À¯¸íÇÑ Å¬·¡½Ä Wagner À½¾ÇÁ¦°¡ Villa RufoloÀÇ Á¤¿ø¿¡¼­ ¿­¸°´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¸¶Áö¸· ¹®Àå Every summer an internationally famous classical Wagner music festival takes place in the garden of the Villa Rufolo.¿¡¼­ Villa Rufolo¿¡¼­ ¸Å³â Wagner À½¾ÇÁ¦°¡ ¿­¸°´Ù´Â ¨ë´Â ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÔÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (±¸¹®) (Being) _Located_ 1,100 feet above the tiny coastal town of Amalfi, Ravello has been described as _closer_ to heaven _than_ to the sea.: Located ÀÌÇÏ´Â ¾Õ¿¡ BeingÀÌ »ý·«µÈ ºÐ»ç±¸¹®À̸ç, closer ¡¦ thanÀ̶ó´Â ºñ±³ ±¸¹®ÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * coastal: ¿¬¾ÈÀÇ * irresistibly: ÀúÇ×ÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀÌ, ¸ÅȤÀûÀ¸·Î * villa: º°Àå * justify: Á¤´çÈ­ÇÏ´Ù, Á¤´çÇÔÀÇ Áõ°Å°¡ µÇ´Ù * reputation: ¸í¼º * breathtaking: ¾Æ½½¾Æ½½ÇÑ, ¼û¸·È÷´Â * construct: ¼¼¿ì´Ù * deluxe: ȣȭ·Î¿î * inspiration: ¿µ°¨ * pen: ¾²´Ù, Áþ´Ù * Parsifal(=Percival): Æĸ£ÁöÆÈ (¹Ù±×³Ê°¡ ÀÛ°îÇÑ µ¶ÀÏ¾î ¿ÀÆä¶ó) 36. Çؼ®: ³ª¹« Ÿ±â ³îÀÌ´Â °è¼Ó ¹ßÀüÇÏ´Â ½ºÆ÷Ã÷ÀÌ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº 1983³â¿¡ ½ÃÀ۵Ǿú´Âµ¥, ±× ¶§ Peter Jenkins´Â ¾î¸°À̸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿© ¿Â°® ºÎ·ùÀÇ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¹åÁÙ°ú Àåºñ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ¾ÈÀüÇÏ°Ô ³ª¹«¸¦ ¿À¸£´Â ¹æ¹ý°ú ³ª¹« Ÿ±â ³îÀÌ ±â¼úÀ» °¡¸£Ä¡±â ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­ ±×°ÍÀº ÀÌÁ¦ õ ¸í °¡·® µÇ´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÇàÇØÁöÁö¸¸ Àαâ´Â ºü¸£°Ô ´Ã¾î³ª°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Èñ±ÍÇÑ ½Ä¹°À» ¿¬±¸ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº ³ª¹« Ÿ±â¸¦ ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ´ëÇØ °ÆÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. ±×µéÀº ÀÌ ³ª¹« Ÿ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×°ÍµéÀÇ Á¤È®ÇÑ À§Ä¡¸¦ ¾Ë°Ô µÇ¸é °¡Àå Å©°í °¡Àå ³ôÀº ³ª¹«µé¿¡ ¿À¸£±â À§ÇØ ³ë·ÂÇÒÁöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù°í µÎ·Á¿öÇÑ´Ù. Àΰ£°ú Èñ±Í ½Ä¹°°£ÀÇ ¾î¶°ÇÑ Á¢Ã˵µ ½Ä¹°¿¡°Ô´Â Àç³­ÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (Çؼ³) 147ÂÊ Á߹ݺÎÀÇ However, those who study rare plants are worried about recreational tree climbers.¿¡¼­ Èñ±Í½Ä¹°À» ¿¬±¸ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Àû±ØÀûÀ¸·Î Áñ±ä´Ù´Â ¨ê´Â ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ½À» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (±¸¹®) ¡¦ Jenkins began _teaching_ all sorts of people, including children, 46^^_how to climb trees safely_ using a rope and a harness and the recreational tree climbing technique.: µ¿»ç teachÀÇ Á÷Á¢¸ñÀû¾î´Â how to climb trees safelyÀ̸ç using ÀÌÇÏ´Â ºÐ»ç±¸¹®À¸·Î µ¿½Ã¿¡ ÀϾ´Â µ¿ÀÛÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * recreational: ¿À¶ôÀÇ * evolve: ÁøÈ­ÇÏ´Ù, ¹ßÀüÇÏ´Ù * harness: Àåºñ * popularity: Àαâ * rare: Èñ±ÍÇÑ, µå¹® * exact: Á¤È®ÇÑ * location: À§Ä¡ * disastrous: Àç³­ÀÇ 37. Çؼ®: ÇÑ ¿¬±¸ÆÀÀÌ ÃÖ±Ù ¾Ð·Â°ú ¿Âµµ¸¦ µ¿½Ã¿¡ µÑ ´Ù °¨ÁöÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Àΰø ÇǺθ¦ °³¹ßÇß´Ù. ±×µéÀº ±×¹°°ú °°Àº ±¸Á¶¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î³»±â À§ÇØ ¾Ð·Â °¨Áö±âµé°ú ¿Âµµ °¨Áö±âµéÀ» ¾ãÀº Çöó½ºÆ½ Çʸ§ ¼Ó¿¡ »ðÀÔÇß´Ù. ÀÌ »õ·Î¿î ÀΰøÇǺδ ·Îº¿ÀÇ ¼Õ°¡¶ôÀ» °¨À» ¼ö ÀÖÀ» Á¤µµ·Î À¯¿¬ÇÏ¸ç ¸¸µå´Â ºñ¿ëµµ »ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Î ºñ½ÎÁö ¾Ê´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ È¹±âÀû ¹ßÀüÀº ½Ç»ýÈ°¿¡¼­ ·Îº¿ÀÌ ÇÏ´Â ±â´ÉÀ» Çâ»ó½Ãų ÀáÀç·ÂÀ» °®°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¹Ì·¡ÀÇ Àΰø ÇǺδ ¾Ð·Â°ú ¿Âµµ»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ºû, ½Àµµ, ±äÀå, ¶Ç´Â ¼Ò¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °¨Áö±âµéÀ» ÅëÇÕÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» Áöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù. (Çؼ³) ¹Ì·¡¿¡´Â ¾Ð·Â°ú ¿Âµµ»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ºû, ½Àµµ, ±äÀå, ¶Ç´Â ¼Ò¸® µîÀÇ °¨Áö ±â´ÉÀ» ÅëÇÕÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °¨Áö±âµéÀÌ ³ª¿Ã °Í °°´Ù´Â ¸»ÀÌ ¸¶Áö¸· ¹®Àå¿¡ ¾ð±ÞµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¨ë´Â ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. (±¸¹®) The new artificial skin is flexible _enough to wrap_ around robot fingers and relatively inexpensive to make.: 'Çü¿ë»ç£«enough£«toºÎÁ¤»ç' ±¸¹®Àº ¡®~Çϱ⿡ ÃæºÐÈ÷ ¡¦ÇÑ¡¯À̶ó´Â Àǹ̸¦ °¡Áö¸ç, Çü¿ë»ç´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã enough ¾Õ¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÑ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * artificial: ÀΰøÀÇ * skin: ÇǺΠ* insert: »ðÀÔÇÏ´Ù * flexible: À¯¿¬ÇÑ * relatively: »ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Î * breakthrough: ȹ±âÀû ÁøÀü * potential: ÀáÀç·Â * incorporate: ÅëÇÕ½ÃÅ°´Ù 38. Çؼ®: ºÓÀº ¿©¿ì´Â ¸Å¿ì ±³¹¦ÇØ º¸ÀÌ´Â ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ÀÚÁÖ ÇൿÇÑ´Ù. ºÓÀº ¿©¿ì¸¦ ÂÑ´Â »ç³É²ÛµéÀº Àΰ£ÀÇ ³¿»õ¸¦ ¾ø¾Ö±â À§ÇØ Àåºñ¸¦ ±ú²ýÇÏ°Ô Ã»¼ÒÇØ¾ß Çϴµ¥, ±×·¸°Ô ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ¿©¿ìµéÀÌ ±Ùó·Î ¿ÀÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿©¿ìµéÀº ¶ÇÇÑ ¼û°ÜÁø µ£À» ÆÄÇìÄ¡´Â ÀÏÀ» Çϱ⵵ ÇÏ°í °É¸®Áö ¾Ê°í ±×°ÍµéÀ» ÇØüÇϱ⵵ ÇÑ´Ù. ½ÉÁö¾î ºÓÀº ¿©¿ìµéÀº °í¼Óµµ·Î¸¦ Ⱦ´ÜÇϱ⺸´Ù´Â º¸ÇàÀÚ¿ë ÁöÇϵµ¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù. ¹Ý¸é¿¡ ºÓÀº ¿©¿ìµéÀº °¡²û¾¿ ±Øµµ·Î ºÎÁÖÀÇÇÏ´Ù. ±×µéÀº °¡Â¥·Î ¢´Â ¼Ò¸®¿¡ ¹ÝÀÀÇÏ¿© À§Çè¿¡ »ó°ü¾øÀÌ ÀÚÁÖ ´Þ·Á¿Â´Ù. ±×µéÀº °ú°Å¿¡ ½ÉÇÏ°Ô ÂÑ°å´ø Áö¿ªÀ¸·Î Áï½Ã µÇµ¹¾Æ¿Â´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ºÓÀº ¿©¿ì°¡ Ưº°È÷ ¶È¶ÈÇÑ Áö ¾Æ´ÑÁöÀÇ ¿©ºÎ´Â ¹ÌÇØ°áÀÇ ¹®Á¦ÀÌ´Ù. ¼û°ÜÁø µ£À» ÆÄÇìÃÄ Ç®±âµµ ÇÑ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ ¾ð±ÞµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ¨è°¡ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÑ´Ù. »ç¶÷ ³¿»õ¸¦ ¸ÃÀ¸¸é ±Ùó·Î ¿ÀÁö ¾Ê°í, °í¼Óµµ·Î°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ ÁöÇϵµ¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ°í, °ú°Å¿¡ ÂÑ°å´ø Áö¿ªÀ¸·Î Áï½Ã µÇµ¹¾Æ¿À´Â °Í µîÀÌ º»¹®¿¡ ¾ð±ÞµÈ ºÓÀº ¿©¿ìÀÇ ½À¼ºÀÌ´Ù. ¸¶Áö¸· ¹®ÀåÀº ºÓÀº ¿©¿ì°¡ Ưº°È÷ ¶È¶ÈÇÑÁö´Â ¾Ë ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â ¶æÀÌ´Ù. (Çؼ³) The foxes also manage to dig up hidden traps and 46^^_set them off without being caught_.: set offó·³ 'µ¿»ç£«ºÎ»ç'·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø À̾»çÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î·Î ´ë¸í»ç°¡ »ç¿ëµÉ °æ¿ì ´ë¸í»ç´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã °¡¿îµ¥ À§Ä¡ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¿©¿ì°¡ ¡®ºÙÀâÈ÷Áö ¾Ê´Â °Í¡¯À̹ǷΠÀüÄ¡»ç without ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ¼öµ¿Çü µ¿¸í»ç°¡ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. (±¸¹®) * crafty: ±³¹¦ÇÑ * equipment: Àåºñ * rid A of B: A·ÎºÎÅÍ B¸¦ Á¦°ÅÇÏ´Ù * pedestrian: º¸ÇàÀÚ * underpass: ÁöÇϵµ * bark: ¢´Â ¼Ò¸® 39. Çؼ®: ¿ÀÅ© ³ª¹«´Â ½£ÀÇ ¿ÕÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ³ª¹«µéÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀº ´Ù ÀÚ¶ó´Â µ¥ 100³âÀÌ °É¸°´Ù. ±× ³ª¹«µéÀº 150ÇÇÆ®ÀÇ ³ôÀ̱îÁö ÀÚ¶ö ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±× ³ª¹«µéÀÇ ÁÙ±â´Â µÎ²®°í, °¡Áö´Â Å©¸é¼­ ³Ð°Ô ÆÛÁ® ÀÖ´Ù. ´ëü·Î ÀÙÀº Åé´Ï ¸ð¾çÀ¸·Î ±íÀÌ ÆÄ¿©Á® ÀÖÁö¸¸, ¾î´À Á¾ÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ÀÙÀÇ Å׵θ®°¡ °ÅÀÇ ¸Å²ô·´´Ù. ¿ÀÅ© ³ª¹«´Â ¸ð¾ç»õ°¡ ´Ù¾çÇÏÁö¸¸, ³ª¹«·Î µÈ ÄÅ ¸ð¾ç ¾ÈÀÇ µÕ±Ù °ß°ú¶ó´Â ¿­¸Å·Î ÀÎÇØ ½±°Ô ½Äº°µÈ´Ù. Àεð¾ð°ú ´ºÀ×±Û·£µå Áö¹æÀÇ °³Ã´ÀÚµéÀº ÇÏ¾á ¿ÀÅ© ³ª¹«ÀÇ °ß°ú¸¦ ²ú¿©¼­ ¸Ô¾ú´Ù. ´Ù¶÷Áã¿Í ¾î¶² »õµéÀº ±× °ß°ú¸¦ °Ü¿ïö ¸ÔÀ»°Å¸®·Î ÀúÀåÇÑ´Ù. ¿ÀÅ© ³ª¹«´Â ºÏ¹Ý±¸ÀÇ ³ÐÀº ¿ÂÈ­ÇÑ ±â¿Â´ë¿¡ °ÉÃļ­ ÀÚ¶õ´Ù. ¾î¶² Á¾µéÀº ¿­´ëÁö¹æÀÇ ³ôÀº °íµµ¿¡¼­ ÀÚ¶ó±âµµ ÇÑ´Ù. (Çؼ³) are easily recognized by their fruit--a round nut set in a woody cup¸¦ ÅëÇØ, ¨éÀº ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÔÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (±¸¹®) Most of these trees _take_ 100 years _to reach_ maturity.: 'take£«½Ã°££«toºÎÁ¤»ç' ±¸¹®À¸·Î It takes most of these trees 100 years to reach maturity.¿Í 148ÂÊ °°Àº Àǹ̸¦ °®´Â ¹®ÀåÀÌ´Ù. (¾îÈÖ & ¾î±¸) * tooth: Åé´Ï ¸ð¾çÀ¸·Î ²¬²ô·´°Ô ÇÏ´Ù * edge: Å׵θ® * woody: ³ª¹«ÀÇ * pioneer: °³Ã´ÀÚ * squirrel: ´Ù¶÷Áã * mild: ¿ÂÈ­ÇÑ * altitude: °íµµ * tropics: ¿­´ë(Áö¹æ) 40. Çؼ®: Maria Edgeworth´Â 1767³â¿¡ Oxfordshire¿¡¼­ ž´Ù. 1773³â¿¡ ±×³àÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö°¡ µÎ ¹ø°·Î °áÈ¥ÇÏÀÚ ±×³à´Â ¾Æ¹öÁö¿Í ÇÔ²² ¾ÆÀÏ·£µå·Î °¬´Ù. ±×³àÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö´Â ±×³à¿¡°Ô ȸ°è¿Í ¼ÒÀÛÀÎÀ» ´ëÇÏ´Â ÀÏÀ» ¸Ã°å´Ù. ±×³à´Â ¶ÇÇÑ »ç±³°èÀÇ »ç¶÷µé»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¾ÆÀÏ·£µåÀÇ °¡³­ÇÑ ³óºÎµé°úµµ Ä£ºÐÀ» °¡Á³´Âµ¥, ±× ¸ðµç °ÍµéÀº ±×³àÀÇ ¼Ò¼³¿¡¼­ À¯¿ëÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×³àÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö´Â ±×³à¿¡°Ô ½Å·Ú¹Þ´Â Ä£±¸°¡ µÇ¾ú°í, ¶ÇÇÑ ¹®ÇÐÀûÀÎ Á¶¾ðÀÚµµ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×³àÀÇ Ãʱâ ÀÛÇ° ÁßÀÇ ¸¹Àº °ÍµéÀº ¾î¸°À̵éÀ» À§ÇÑ °ÍÀ̾ú°í, 1800³âÀÌ µÇ¾î¼­¾ß ºñ·Î¼Ò 'Castle Rackrent'ÀÇ ÃâÆÇ°ú ´õºÒ¾î ¼ºÀÎ µ¶ÀÚµéÀ» À§ÇÑ ¼Ò¼³°¡°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¾ÆÀÏ·£µå »ç¶÷µéÀ» ÀÚ¼¼ÇÏ°Ô ¹¦»çÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ±× Ã¥Àº °ð ¹Ù·Î ¼º°øÀÛÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±× Ã¥À» ÃâÆÇÇÏ°í ³ª¼­ ±×³à´Â ¾ÆÀÏ·£µåÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä ¿©·ù ÀÛ°¡ ÁßÀÇ ÇÑ ¸íÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. (Çؼ³) Much of her early writing was for children, and it was not until 1800 that she appeared ¡¦ the publication of Castle Rackrent.¸¦ ÅëÇØ, ¨ê´Â ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ½À» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (±¸¹®) She also acquired a familiarity with fashionable people and with poor Irish farmers, all of _which_ was to be of use in her novels.: She also acquired ¡¦ Irish farmers.¶ó´Â ¹®Àå°ú All of it was to be of use in her novels.¶ó´Â µÎ ¹®ÀåÀÌ °ü°è´ë¸í»ç which¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¿¬°áµÇ¾ú´Ù. 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